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<mods:title id="24C65C25FFA0D93300CAA98EDCCE9B9D">A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9735DA00E32021AAD738E9FF4D5E36AC">ROBERTO CALDARA</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="469F12BD37388CBAFD3AB7036680B0A7">CHARLES W. OBRIEN</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FB7066C15F3C8A795E115CFCE7AB0830">MASSIMO MEREGALLI</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="D17787854F561F210DD76B8316CBF8E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4386694" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132549352" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4386694" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D17787854F561F210DD76B8316CBF8E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D17787854F561F210DD76B8316CBF8E8" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<subSubSection id="11C465184F561F210DD76B8316E1FB09" box="[151,510,1205,1232]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="596136934F561F210DD76B8316E1FB09" blockId="43.[151,510,1205,1232]" box="[151,510,1205,1232]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="022981FF4F561F210DD76B8316E1FB09" bold="true" box="[151,510,1205,1232]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210DD76B8316E1FB09" bold="true" box="[151,510,1205,1232]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
13.
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F210D836B8016B3FB16" ID-CoL="KDRX" box="[195,428,1205,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interruptus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210D836B8016B3FB16" bold="true" box="[195,428,1205,1231]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bagous interruptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="11C465184F561F210DD76BC916D4FA7C" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="596136934F561F210DD76BC916D4FA7C" blockId="43.[151,1436,1276,1841]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210DD76BC9160EFACC" bold="true" box="[151,273,1276,1301]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Pronotum with prominent to acute anterolateral tubercle (scarcely evident in
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F2109E86BCB125BFACD" box="[1192,1348,1277,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peregrinus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F2109E86BCB125BFACD" box="[1192,1348,1277,1301]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. peregrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F2108C46BCB1616FAE0" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meregallii">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F2108C46BCB1616FAE0" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. meregallii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (char. 27.1). Sclerites complex within tube of penis body with two posteriorly joined pairs of subapical sclerites, one submedian and the other sublateral (char. 84.5). Pseudo-orifice large to very large, apparent orifice strongly extended proximally (excluding
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F210FC06A5C1407FA58" box="[640,792,1384,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meregallii">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210FC06A5C1407FA58" box="[640,792,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. meregallii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Arms of spiculum ventrale in relation to apodemes sometimes in a lower level.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="11C465184F561F210D876A8516CBF8E8" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="596136934F561F210D876A8513BDF981" blockId="43.[151,1436,1276,1841]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210D876A851624FA10" bold="true" box="[199,315,1456,1481]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</emphasis>
Whereas the external habitus of some species that belong to this group, like
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F21099F6A841269FA10" box="[1247,1398,1456,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meregallii">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F21099F6A841269FA10" box="[1247,1398,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. meregallii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is markedly different from others, the shape of the very characteristic male genitalia is extraordinarily similar in all of them. Monophyly of this group was weakly supported in BI (66% pp) and ML (65% bs) but was not supported in MP. The two North American species
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F210F1C692B15CFF9EC" box="[604,720,1566,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pnigodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210F1C692B15CFF9EC" box="[604,720,1566,1589]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F210E4E692B14B7F9EC" box="[782,936,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buchanani">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210E4E692B14B7F9EC" box="[782,936,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. buchanani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong to this group, and
<bibRefCitation id="3D4F4B624F561F2109A669281283F9EC" author="LeConte" box="[1254,1436,1564,1589]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="LeConte, J. L. (1876) In: LeConte, J. L. &amp; Horn, G. H. The Rhynchophora of America North of Mexico. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 15 (96), i - xvi + 1 - 455." type="journal article" year="1876">LeConte (1876)</bibRefCitation>
created for these species the new genus
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F210F16697515A1F980" box="[598,702,1600,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pnigodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210F16697515A1F980" box="[598,702,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Pnigodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on the basis of the shape of the pronotum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="596136934F561F210DD7695114A5F9A4" blockId="43.[151,1436,1276,1841]" box="[151,954,1636,1661]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">This group presently includes species from all regions except Australia.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="596136934F561F210D8769BD16CBF8E8" blockId="43.[151,1436,1276,1841]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Species included.
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210CD369BD16CAF978" bold="true" box="[403,469,1672,1697]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">AFR:</emphasis>
²
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F210CA569BC1449F978" authority="Marshall, 1920" authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1920" box="[485,854,1672,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fragosus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210CA569BC15BDF978" box="[485,674,1673,1697]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bagous fragosus</emphasis>
Marshall, 1920
</taxonomicName>
, ²
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F210E2969BC13BBF978" authority="Hustache, 1923" authorityName="Hustache" authorityYear="1923" box="[873,1188,1672,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210E2969BC14F4F978" box="[873,1003,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. hybridus</emphasis>
Hustache, 1923
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F2109F069BD13E9F978" bold="true" box="[1200,1270,1672,1697]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">NAR:</emphasis>
²
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F21084669BC1621F91C" authority="Tanner, 1943" authorityName="Tanner" authorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buchanani">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F21084669BC1283F978" box="[1286,1436,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. buchanani</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3D4F4B624F561F210DDE69981629F91C" author="Tanner" box="[158,310,1709,1733]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Tanner, V. M. (1943) A study of the subtribe Hydronomi with a description of new species (Curculionidae). Study No. VI. Great Basin Naturalist, 4, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1943">Tanner, 1943</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, *²
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F210C21699B158BF91C" authority="LeConte, 1876" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1876" box="[353,660,1708,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pnigodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210C21699B16CEF91C" box="[353,465,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. setosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3D4F4B624F561F210CA069981593F91C" author="LeConte" box="[480,652,1708,1733]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="LeConte, J. L. (1876) In: LeConte, J. L. &amp; Horn, G. H. The Rhynchophora of America North of Mexico. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 15 (96), i - xvi + 1 - 455." type="journal article" year="1876">LeConte, 1876</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210FE0699915F7F91C" bold="true" box="[672,744,1708,1733]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ORR:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F210E45699B1331F91C" authority="Faust, 1891" authorityName="Faust" authorityYear="1891" box="[773,1070,1709,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interruptus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210E45699B14BDF91D" box="[773,930,1709,1733]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. interruptus</emphasis>
Faust, 1891
</taxonomicName>
, ²
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F210902699B17CDF930" authority="O'Brien &amp; Pajni, 1995" authorityName="O'Brien &amp; Pajni" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salebrosus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210902699B13C6F91C" box="[1090,1241,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. salebrosus</emphasis>
O'Brien &amp; Pajni, 1995
</taxonomicName>
, ²
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F210DAA69E41538F930" authority="Faust, 1891" authorityName="Faust" authorityYear="1891" box="[234,551,1745,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrensis">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210DAA69E4168DF931" box="[234,402,1745,1768]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. sumatrensis</emphasis>
Faust, 1891
</taxonomicName>
, ²
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F210F0069E414B7F930" authority="Hustache, 1926" authorityName="Hustache" authorityYear="1926" box="[576,936,1744,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonkinianus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210F0069E415F8F930" box="[576,743,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. tonkinianus</emphasis>
Hustache, 1926
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210EF869E514EAF930" bold="true" box="[952,1013,1744,1769]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">PAL:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F21095969E41274F930" authority="Angelov, 1989" authorityName="Angelov" authorityYear="1989" box="[1049,1387,1744,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulgaricus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F21095969E413ABF930" box="[1049,1204,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. bulgaricus</emphasis>
Angelov, 1989
</taxonomicName>
, ²
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F2108C469E416A2F8D4" authority="Hustache, 1923" authorityName="Hustache" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foveifrons">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F2108C469E41619F8D4" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. foveifrons</emphasis>
Hustache, 1923
</taxonomicName>
, ²
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F210C9069C31498F8D4" authority="Caldara &amp; O'Brien, 1998" authorityName="Caldara &amp; O'Brien" authorityYear="1998" box="[464,903,1780,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meregallii">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210C9069C3157EF8D4" box="[464,609,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. meregallii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3D4F4B624F561F210F2869C11498F8D4" author="Caldara" box="[616,903,1780,1805]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Caldara, R. &amp; O'Brien, C. W. (1998) Systematics and evolution of weevils of the genus Bagous. VI. Taxonomic treatment of the species of the western Palaearctic Region (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 76 [1997], 131 - 347." type="journal article" year="1998">Caldara &amp; OBrien, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ²
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F210EDA69C313FBF8D4" authority="Gratshev, 1993" authorityName="Gratshev" authorityYear="1993" box="[922,1252,1780,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peregrinus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F210EDA69C3132EF8D5" box="[922,1073,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. peregrinus</emphasis>
Gratshev, 1993
</taxonomicName>
, ²
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F561F2109B769C316D0F8E8" authority="Brisout de Barneville, 1863" authorityName="Brisout de Barneville" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sardiniensis">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F561F2109B769C31284F8D4" box="[1271,1435,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. sardiniensis</emphasis>
Brisout de
<bibRefCitation id="3D4F4B624F561F210C52682D16D0F8E8" author="Barneville" box="[274,463,1816,1841]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Brisout de Barneville, H. (1863) Monographie des especes europeennes et algeriennes du genre Bagous. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Series 4, 3, 491 - 524." type="journal article" year="1863">Barneville, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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