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<document id="43680BBFBE8CB973687520CA2A8338A7" ID-CLB-Dataset="24900" ID-DOI="10.1093/isd/ixz015" ID-GBIF-Dataset="56172c62-3e7c-4ab7-83d4-1dd9f5c57eb5" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3542130" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1573763013583" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hita-Garcia, Francisco, Lieberman, Ziv, Audisio, Tracy L., Liu, Cong &amp; Economo, Evan P." docDate="2019" docId="03D9AC4AE568FFFBFCC4FB18BE0B022C" docLanguage="en" docName="insectSystematicsDiversity.ixz015.pdf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics and Diversity 5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74.8:InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74" docStyleName="InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Discothyrea penthos Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo 2019, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="FFE0D432E555FFBBFFF6FF95BB120352" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3 D Cybertaxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1698765580234" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="A35B37EB5460F78993E59E1BD0DF2BB1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8C0C2592B16FD7BC921BD29018EC7577">
<mods:title id="3F9CFEC8357F61DE521D1408D7B587CF">Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3 D Cybertaxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E33A5A16A5E10971985A33401B55D35D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="09D1072A373B31B4D16A483886C72CF1">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1E5AE0D5D2F849AB596ECF9F354B591B">Hita-Garcia, Francisco</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D1A29D70068962B197E00F173487D8C6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0F05929E44AE00EAF97C1D97E1291F18">
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<mods:namePart id="E21B75FC0F62157FB045B8517DD143E5">Lieberman, Ziv</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E5B15DDD9EA46BB7EB18E620C1D3C0A4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="44D56566D71A39222825A847FBDA78AE">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6E157670D53A996254FDEBB79E41627E">Audisio, Tracy L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F4CC7420746E38FD48E3E8486FA6CC92" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6E78B8AD6C62043180A2F718726C208A">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EAC2B258A0B289D292E38BA3FFD74225">Liu, Cong</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="EE8EC178C6AAE60C5A6A6688982CD141" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7D9393BB7990BD31A21E6CCB84795D55">
<mods:roleTerm id="FF47DE7701916AC43D505374D267DF20">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3D7B5A6291D9F39D196EBDD152DFB70C">Economo, Evan P.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="ED9D387B7A0A67A2BF9656DADD5AC8BE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5511F955DBC64CCC387D6C9B867AD95B">Insect Systematics and Diversity</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="BD86B6E0839F16D4D88EB9288FF4ADB5">
<mods:date id="7C9E5C4FE4986F0AA7C2DDBF825B0B7E">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C46D527F899CFBD7B2E87FA88BBFE97A" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="CB689EA110C39E7BC18C48AA6D6EAB2F">2019-11-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="43FAAD9B074FA8D7D67398FE5E2912D6">5</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="255DC55A084E1C72C840E8A8796F1188" type="CLB-Dataset">24900</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AFD627CA350CD99BAA16FBEBAA507AB2" type="DOI">10.1093/isd/ixz015</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C4A4A5834F72347A041541A1CDEC279F" type="Zenodo-Dep">3542130</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D9AC4AE568FFFBFCC4FB18BE0B022C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5922630" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160400427" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5922630" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D9AC4AE568FFFBFCC4FB18BE0B022C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D9AC4AE568FFFBFCC4FB18BE0B022C" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E568FF86FCC4FB18BE6E07F6" box="[818,1404,1165,1188]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE568FF86FCC4FB18BE6E07F6" blockId="61.[818,1443,1165,1491]" box="[818,1404,1165,1188]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE568FF86FCC4FB18BE2A07F6" authority="Hita Garcia &amp; Lieberman" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[818,1336,1165,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penthos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE568FF86FCC4FB18BF0907F6" box="[818,1051,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Discothyrea penthos</emphasis>
Hita Garcia &amp; Lieberman
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2377C35E568FF86FAC9FB18BE6E07F6" box="[1343,1404,1165,1188]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E568FF86FCC4FB25BF9B07B5" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE568FF86FCC4FB25BF9B07B5" blockId="61.[818,1443,1165,1491]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
(
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E568FF86FCCCFB25B8870795" box="[826,917,1200,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,1283,1300]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1247]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1435,147,1248]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Maps showing the known distribution ranges of Afrotropical Discothyrea species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542140/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 4O</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E568FF86FC54FB25B8D00795" box="[930,962,1200,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[146,173,1454,1471]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[154,1434,147,1419]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 6. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the head in full-face view (the remainder of the body virtually removed). All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation.Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542144/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">6O</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E568FF86FC39FB25B8FD0795" box="[975,1007,1200,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[146,173,1457,1474]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,149,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[152,1435,147,1422]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 7. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the head in profile (the remainder of the body virtually removed).All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation. Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542148/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">7O</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E568FF86FC0AFB25BF0E0795" box="[1020,1052,1200,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[146,172,1457,1474]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,149,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[152,1435,147,1422]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 8. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the right mandible in dorsal view (the remainder of the body virtually removed).All Afrotropical species are shown,species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation.Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542150/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">8O</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E568FF86FBDFFB25BF5A0795" box="[1065,1096,1200,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[146,173,1457,1474]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,149,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1435,147,1422]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 9. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the mesosoma in profile (the remainder of the body virtually removed). All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation.Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542152/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">9O</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E568FF86FBA0FB25BF920795" box="[1110,1152,1200,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[146,173,1457,1474]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,149,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[152,1435,147,1422]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 10. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the body in dorsal view with focus on mesosoma.All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation. Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542154/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">10O</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E568FF86FB78FB25BFA70795" box="[1166,1205,1200,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[146,173,1454,1471]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[154,1434,147,1419]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 11. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the posterior propodeum in posterior view (the remainder of the body virtually removed). All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation. Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542156/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">11O</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E568FF86FB33FB25BFE00795" box="[1221,1266,1200,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[146,173,1454,1471]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[154,1434,147,1419]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 12. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the petiole and gaster in profile (the remainder of the body virtually removed).All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation.Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542158/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">12O</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E568FF86FB09FB25BE380795" box="[1279,1322,1200,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[146,173,1454,1471]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1419]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[154,1434,147,1419]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 14. Diagnostic plate showing differences in body pilosity. (A) D. mixta (CASENT0235473),(B) D. oculata (CASENT0235467),(C) D. aisnetu (CASENT0235475), (D) D.athene (CASENT0235476),(E) D.chimera (CASENT0235471),(F) D.damato (CASENT0247362),(G) D.dryad (CASENT0247371),(H) D.gaia (CASENT0247040), (I) D. gryphon (CASENT0247367), (J) D. hawkesi (CASENT0235470), (K) D. kalypso (CASENT0235468), (L) D. maia (CASENT0790541), (M) D. michelae (CASENT0235469), (N) D. patrizii (CASENT0235472), (O) D. penthos (CASENT0247383), (P) D. poweri (SAM-ENT-0011509), (Q) D. schulzei (CASENT0247370), (R) D. traegaordhi (CASENT0790122), (S) D. venus (CASENT0247017), (T) D. wakanda (CASENT0790326).With the exception of F, L, R,T, all other images are from https://www.antweb.org—photographers Michele Esposito and Will Ericson." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542162/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">14O</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E568FF86FACEFB25BE410795" box="[1336,1363,1200,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="61.[818,845,1061,1078]" captionTargetBox="[819,1440,147,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[819,1440,147,1026]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Fig. 48. Stacked digital color images of D. penthos sp. n. paratype (CASENT0247383—from https://www.antweb.org, photographerWill Ericson). (A) body in profile, (B) body in dorsal view, (C) head in full-face view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542228" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542228/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">48</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E568FF86FA96FB25BE690795" box="[1376,1403,1200,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[146,173,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[202,1386,147,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@62.[202,1386,147,1747]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 49. Still images from shaded surface display volume renderings of D. penthos sp. n. holotype (CASENT0790105) showing virtually segmented body parts. (A) Body in dorsal view, (B) body in profile, (C) head in full-face view, (D) head in dorsal view, (E) head in anterodorsal view, (F) head in anterior view, (G) head in profile, (H) head in ventral view, (I) posterior propodeum in posterior view, (J) petiole in profile, (K) petiole and gaster in profile, (L) petiole in dorsal view, (M) petiole in anterior view, (N) petiole oblique anterior view, (O) gaster in dorsal view, (P) petiole in ventral view, (Q) abdominal sternite 3 in ventral view, (R) mesotibia and mesotarsus in anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542230/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">49</figureCitation>
; Supp. Video S15 [online only])
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E568FF84FCC4FB66B9C4001D" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE568FF86FCC4FB66B8A60654" blockId="61.[818,1443,1165,1491]" box="[818,948,1267,1286]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE568FF86FCC4FB66B8A60654" bold="true" box="[818,948,1267,1286]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Type Material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE568FF86FCC4FA85BFFA0681" blockId="61.[818,1443,1165,1491]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<materialsCitation id="3B181701E568FF86FCC4FA85BE08060C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2451560199" collectingDate="1980-10-24" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="V. Mahnert &amp; J. L. Perret" country="Ivory Coast" elevation="20" latitude="4.81833" location="Monogaga" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-6.49028" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" specimenCode="CASENT0790105" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE568FF86FCC4FA85B8B90671" bold="true" box="[818,939,1296,1315]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<typeStatus id="54CBA3FEE568FF86FCC4FA85B8B90671" box="[818,939,1296,1315]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
, pinned worker,
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE568FF86FBB4FA85BFC10671" box="[1090,1235,1296,1315]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">IVORY COAST</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8EAF4B87E568FF86FB2DFA84BE520676" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D9AC4AE568FFFBFCC4FB18BE0B022C:8EAF4B87E568FF86FB2DFA84BE520676" box="[1243,1344,1297,1316]" country="Ivory Coast" latitude="4.81833" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-6.49028" name="Monogaga" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Monogaga</location>
, [
<geoCoordinate id="EE447B9BE568FF86FAB8FA85BE8C0671" box="[1358,1438,1296,1315]" degrees="4.81833" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" precision="1" value="4.81833">4.81833</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE447B9BE568FF86FCC4FAB8B89C0612" box="[818,910,1325,1344]" degrees="6.49028" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" precision="1" value="-6.49028">−6.49028</geoCoordinate>
], ca.
<quantity id="4C88B0B9E568FF86FC37FABBB8E70613" box="[961,1013,1326,1345]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="20.0">
<elevation id="005DFA6FE568FF86FC37FABBB8E70613" box="[961,1013,1326,1345]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collection code ANTC42121,
<date id="FFCE3B9CE568FF86FAEBFABBBE920613" box="[1309,1408,1326,1345]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" value="1980-10-24">
<collectingDate id="EF8AC274E568FF86FAEBFABBBE920613" box="[1309,1408,1326,1345]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" value="1980-10-24">24.X.1980</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<emphasis id="B904C14EE568FF86FA66FABBBF12060F" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<collectorName id="2685788AE568FF86FA66FABBB893060C" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">V. Mahnert</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="2685788AE568FF86FC54FADEBF12060F" box="[930,1024,1355,1373]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">J.L. Perret</collectorName>
</emphasis>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED618599E568FF86FBE2FADEBF4C060C" box="[1044,1118,1355,1374]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">BMNH</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="DBD6B527E568FF86FB91FADEBE01060C" box="[1127,1299,1355,1374]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">CASENT0790105</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B181701E568FF86FAD5FADEBFF60681" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2451560246" collectingDate="1980-10-24" collectionCode="BMNH, CASC, MCZC, MHNG, SAMC" collectorName="V. Mahnert &amp; J. L. Perret" country="Ivory Coast" elevation="20" latitude="4.81833" location="Monogaga" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-6.49028" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" specimenCode="CASENT0790107, CASENT0247383, CASENT0247381, CASENT0247382, CASENT0790106, CASENT0247379" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE568FF86FAD5FADEBE8F060C" bold="true" box="[1315,1437,1355,1374]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<typeStatus id="54CBA3FEE568FF86FAD5FADEBE8F060C" box="[1315,1437,1355,1374]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
, seven pinned workers with same data as holotype (
<collectionCode id="ED618599E568FF86FAA3FAFDBE8D0629" box="[1365,1439,1384,1403]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">BMNH</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="DBD6B527E568FF86FCC4FA13B8CF06CB" box="[818,989,1414,1433]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">CASENT0790107</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode id="ED618599E568FF86FC02FA13BF2206CB" box="[1012,1072,1414,1433]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">CASC</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="DBD6B527E568FF86FBB0FA13BFE006CB" box="[1094,1266,1414,1433]" collectionCode="CASC" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">CASENT0247383</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode id="ED618599E568FF86FAFFFA13BE4206CB" box="[1289,1360,1414,1433]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">MCZC</collectionCode>
: MCZ- ENT00593560;
<collectionCode id="ED618599E568FF86FC22FA36BF3306E4" box="[980,1057,1443,1462]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="DBD6B527E568FF86FBC3FA36BFCD06E4" box="[1077,1247,1443,1462]" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="Museum">CASENT0247381</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBD6B527E568FF86FB02FA36BE8C06E4" box="[1268,1438,1443,1462]" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="Museum">CASENT0247382</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBD6B527E568FF86FCC4FA55B8CF0681" box="[818,989,1472,1491]" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="Museum">CASENT0790106</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode id="ED618599E568FF86FC10FA55BF350681" box="[998,1063,1472,1491]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="Museum">SAMC</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="DBD6B527E568FF86FBC6FA55BFCF0681" box="[1072,1245,1472,1491]" collectionCode="SAMC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="Museum">CASENT0247379</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE568FF86FCC4FA68BF10044B" blockId="61.[818,1442,1533,1817]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE568FF86FCC4FA68B88A0542" box="[818,920,1533,1552]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Cybertype.</emphasis>
Volumetric raw data (in DICOM format), 3D rotation video, still images of surface volume rendering, and 3D surface (in PLY format) of the physical
<typeStatus id="54CBA3FEE568FF86FBB5F9ADBF860519" box="[1091,1172,1592,1611]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(CASENT0790105) in addition to stacked digital color images illustrating head in full-face view, profile and dorsal views of the body. The data are deposited at Dryad (Hita Garcia et al. 2019, http://doi.org/10.5061/ dryad.3qm4183) and can be freely accessed as virtual representation of the type. In addition to the cybertype data at Dryad, we also provide a freely accessible 3D surface model of the
<typeStatus id="54CBA3FEE568FF86FACEF97DBE9B05A9" box="[1336,1417,1768,1787]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
at Sketchfab (Model 15).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE568FF86FCC4F8D5B8C50401" blockId="61.[818,1443,1856,1934]" box="[818,983,1856,1875]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="D087AA30E568FF86FCC4F8D5B8C50401" bold="true" box="[818,983,1856,1875]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE568FF86FCC4F8D5B8C50401" bold="true" box="[818,983,1856,1875]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Nontype Material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE568FF84FCC4F8CBBA060189" blockId="61.[818,1443,1856,1934]" lastBlockId="63.[146,772,638,731]" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<materialsCitation id="3B181701E568FF86FCC4F8CBBFD904DC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2451560223" collectingDate="1977-03-04" collectorName="I. Lobl" country="Ivory Coast" elevation="30" latitude="5.335" location="Adiopodoume Forest Biological Reserve" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="-4.131" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Abidjan">
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE568FF86FCC4F8CBB8D50423" box="[818,967,1886,1905]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">IVORY COAST</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49B4D3BEE568FF86FC24F8C8BF0F0422" box="[978,1053,1885,1904]" country="Ivory Coast" name="Abidjan" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Abidjan</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EAF4B87E568FF86FBD1F8C8BE8C0423" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D9AC4AE568FFFBFCC4FB18BE0B022C:8EAF4B87E568FF86FBD1F8C8BE8C0423" box="[1063,1438,1885,1905]" country="Ivory Coast" latitude="5.335" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="-4.131" name="Adiopodoume Forest Biological Reserve" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" stateProvince="Abidjan">Adiopodoume Forest Biological Reserve</location>
, [
<geoCoordinate id="EE447B9BE568FF86FCC1F8EEB87D04DC" box="[823,879,1915,1934]" degrees="5.335" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="5.335">5.335</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE447B9BE568FF86FC81F8EEB8A904DC" box="[887,955,1915,1934]" degrees="4.131" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="-4.131">−4.131</geoCoordinate>
], ca.
<quantity id="4C88B0B9E568FF86FC11F8EEBF0404DC" box="[999,1046,1915,1934]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="30.0">
<elevation id="005DFA6FE568FF86FC11F8EEBF0404DC" box="[999,1046,1915,1934]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFCE3B9CE568FF86FBE9F8EEBF6804DC" box="[1055,1146,1915,1934]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" value="1977-03-04">
<collectingDate id="EF8AC274E568FF86FBE9F8EEBF6804DC" box="[1055,1146,1915,1934]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" value="1977-03-04">4.III.1977</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<emphasis id="B904C14EE568FF86FB70F8EEBFD104DC" box="[1158,1219,1915,1934]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<collectorName id="2685788AE568FF86FB70F8EEBFD104DC" box="[1158,1219,1915,1934]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">I. Löbl</collectorName>
</emphasis>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B181701E568FF84FB22F8EEBA1D0189" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2451560247" country="Ivory Coast" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" location="Model" municipality="Banco Forest" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Abidjan" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="49B4D3BEE568FF86FB22F8EEBE0D04DC" box="[1236,1311,1915,1934]" country="Ivory Coast" name="Abidjan" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Abidjan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAB8726E568FF86FAD1F8EEBE8C04DC" box="[1319,1438,1915,1934]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Banco Forest</collectingMunicipality>
,
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FF64FDEBBBF301DD" bold="true" box="[146,225,638,655]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<location id="8EAF4B87E56AFF84FF64FDEBBBD401DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D9AC4AE568FFFBFCC4FB18BE0B022C:8EAF4B87E56AFF84FF64FDEBBBD401DD" box="[146,198,638,655]" country="Ivory Coast" municipality="Banco Forest" name="Model" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" stateProvince="Abidjan">Model</location>
15.
</emphasis>
3D surface model of
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE56AFF84FE67FDEBBAFB01DD" authority="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo, 2019" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[401,489,638,655]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penthos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FE67FDEBBAFB01DD" box="[401,489,638,655]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">D. penthos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2377C35E56AFF84FE18FDEBB90801DD" box="[494,538,638,655]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<typeStatus id="54CBA3FEE56AFF84FDE8FDEBB97401DD" box="[542,614,638,655]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(CASENT0790105). An interactive version of this model is available in the HTML version of this article online and at https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/77dcda4c218d4a7fbbe a30c6bb2832c5
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0F4DD4E56BFF85FF64F963BAE4043F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542230" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3542230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542230/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" startId="62.[146,173,1782,1799]" targetBox="[202,1386,147,1747]" targetPageId="62">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE56BFF85FF64F963BAE4043F" blockId="62.[146,1444,1782,1901]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56BFF85FF64F963BBDC0455" bold="true" box="[146,206,1782,1799]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 49.</emphasis>
Still images from shaded surface display volume renderings of
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE56BFF85FD28F963B8240455" authority="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo, 2019" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[734,822,1782,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penthos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56BFF85FD28F963B8240455" box="[734,822,1782,1799]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">D. penthos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2377C35E56BFF85FCCAF963B87B0455" box="[828,873,1782,1799]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (CASENT0790105) showing virtually segmented body parts. (A) Body in dorsal view, (B) body in profile, (C) head in full-face view, (D) head in dorsal view, (E) head in anterodorsal view, (F) head in anterior view, (G) head in profile, (H) head in ventral view, (I) posterior propodeum in posterior view, (J) petiole in profile, (K) petiole and gaster in profile, (L) petiole in dorsal view, (M) petiole in anterior view, (N) petiole oblique anterior view, (O) gaster in dorsal view, (P) petiole in ventral view, (Q) abdominal sternite 3 in ventral view, (R) mesotibia and mesotarsus in anterior view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE56AFF84FF64FC94B9C4001D" blockId="63.[146,770,769,847]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
[
<geoCoordinate id="EE447B9BE56AFF84FF61FC94BBF50046" box="[151,231,769,788]" degrees="5.38694" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="1" value="5.38694">5.38694</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE447B9BE56AFF84FF02FC94BA420046" box="[244,336,769,788]" degrees="4.05275" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="1" value="-4.05275">−4.05275</geoCoordinate>
], ca.
<quantity id="4C88B0B9E56AFF84FE73FC94BAA80047" box="[389,442,769,789]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFCE3B9CE56AFF84FE31FC94B9110046" box="[455,515,769,788]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1963-01">I.1963</date>
(
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FDE2FC97B9950046" box="[532,647,770,788]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">W.L. Brown</emphasis>
); Tai Forest, [5.75, −7.12], ca.
<quantity id="4C88B0B9E56AFF84FECAFC8BBA6E0060" box="[316,380,798,818]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFCE3B9CE56AFF84FE7EFC8BBAED0063" box="[392,511,798,817]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1975-08-12">12.VIII.1975</date>
(
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FDF9FC8AB99B0060" box="[527,649,799,818]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">T. Diomande</emphasis>
); Tai Forest, [5.75, −7.12], ca.
<quantity id="4C88B0B9E56AFF84FEC4FCA9BA7C001D" box="[306,366,828,847]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFCE3B9CE56AFF84FE8EFCA9BAC9001D" box="[376,475,828,847]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1980-10-17">17.X.1980</date>
(
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FE11FCA8B9DA001D" box="[487,712,828,847]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">V. Mahnert &amp; J.L. Perret</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E56AFF84FF64FCE3B96F079E" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE56AFF84FF64FCE3BBFE00DB" blockId="63.[146,770,886,1229]" box="[146,236,886,905]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<heading id="D087AA30E56AFF84FF64FCE3BBFE00DB" bold="true" box="[146,236,886,905]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FF64FCE3BBFE00DB" bold="true" box="[146,236,886,905]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE56AFF84FF64FC01B96F079E" blockId="63.[146,770,886,1229]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
The following character combination distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE56AFF84FD62FC00B81300F5" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[660,769,916,935]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penthos">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FD62FC00B81300F5" box="[660,769,916,935]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">D. penthos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the remainder of the complex: masticatory margin of mandible edentate; anterior clypeal margin usually asetose or with only short, inconspicuous setae; anterolateral corner of gena sharply demarcated but not dentate; in dorsal view mesosoma conspicuously thick, robust and stocky (DMI 62–65; DMI2 94–95); mesotibiae without apicoventral spur; propodeum dentate, teeth relatively large and subtended by narrow lamellulae; abdominal sternite 3 produced as squared to trapezoidal lobe, with distinct anterior, ventral, and posterior surfaces in profile; AT4 only weakly longer than AT3 (ASI 105–112); erect pilosity absent on all dorsal surfaces.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E56AFFFBFF64FB61B81607F5" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE56AFF84FF64FB61B9320655" blockId="63.[146,770,1268,1463]" box="[146,544,1268,1287]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<heading id="D087AA30E56AFF84FF64FB61B9320655" bold="true" box="[146,544,1268,1287]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FF64FB61B9320655" bold="true" box="[146,544,1268,1287]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
Worker Measurements and Indices (
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FE2BFB61BAFB0655" bold="true" box="[477,489,1268,1287]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">n</emphasis>
= 10)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE56AFF84FF64FA87BAE306E5" blockId="63.[146,770,1268,1463]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
EL 0.01–0.02; HL 0.53–058; HW 0.46–0.49; SL 0.30–0.31;
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE56AFF84FD12FA87B8100677" box="[740,770,1298,1317]" name="Philippines" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">PH</collectingCountry>
0.29–0.33; DML 0.34–0.39; PW 0.33–0.37; PrH 0.34–0.38; WL 0.52–0.59; HFL 0.32–0.38; PeL 0.06–0.08; PeW 0.20–0.26; PeH 0.21–0.23; LT3 0.33–0.38; LT4 0.36–0.40; OI 2–4; CI 84–87; SI 52–57; LMI 53–56; DMI 62–65; DMI2 94–99; ASI 105–112; HFI 61–68; DPeI 329–429; LPeI 300–386.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE56AFF84FF64FA4CBA5506BE" blockId="63.[146,770,1497,1957]" box="[146,327,1497,1516]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<heading id="D087AA30E56AFF84FF64FA4CBA5506BE" bold="true" box="[146,327,1497,1516]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FF64FA4CBA5506BE" bold="true" box="[146,327,1497,1516]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Worker Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE56AFF84FF64FA62BF30029C" blockId="63.[146,770,1497,1957]" lastBlockId="63.[818,1443,149,1958]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FF64FA62BBD70558" box="[146,197,1527,1546]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Head</emphasis>
broad (CI 84–87); posterior head margin straight, posterodorsal corners of head broadly rounded. In frontal view sides of head subparallel to slightly convex; head appearing subquadrate posterad antennal sockets; eyes very small (OI 2–4) but distinct and round, situated about a third of the way between anterolateral corner of gena and posterior head margin; eyes just visible in frontal view; anterolateral corner of gena sharply demarcated, approximately right-angled, sometimes slightly projecting laterally; frontal lamella roughly rhomboid in profile, with three distinct edges: anterior edge shortest, sloping posterodorsally; dorsal edge longest, sloping dorsally; lamella thinner and more translucent basally but without distinct fenestra; medial clypeus convex, lateral clypeus curving fairly strongly between antennal sockets and anterolateral corners of head, bearing numerous short curved setae.
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FEEDF807BA7904F7" box="[283,363,1938,1957]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Antenna</emphasis>
with moderately long scape (SI 52–57), scape moderately incrassate, gently bent; pedicel subglobose, broader than long; true antennomere count eleven; apparent antennomere count nine to twelve; flagellomeres basad apical club highly compressed, taken together only about as long as apical club.
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FC65FE9EBF1F024C" box="[915,1037,267,286]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Ventral head</emphasis>
with well-developed, sinuate preoccipital ridge with short, triangular anteromedian carina; medial region of hypostoma rounded, arms wide, spatulate apicolaterally; palpal formula not examined.
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FBEAFEF6BF640224" box="[1052,1142,355,374]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Mandible</emphasis>
with a small subapical angle; basal angle rounded to angulate; ectal face with weak carina extending from subapical angle to basal angle, leaving narrow, curved, depressed region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE56AFF84FCA4FE4CBE4300D4" blockId="63.[818,1443,149,1958]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FCA4FE4CB8A602B9" box="[850,948,473,491]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Mesosoma</emphasis>
in dorsal view conspicuously thick, robust and stocky (DMI 62–65; DMI2 94–95); evenly convex, pronotum only slightly higher than propodeum; in dorsal view, mesosoma narrowed posteriorly, pronotum distinctly wider than propodeum, inclusive of laterally divergent propodeal dentae; pronotal humeri somewhat narrowly rounded; posterior propodeal margin strongly concave; posterodorsal corners of propodeum dentate, dentae large, triangular, laterally flattened, mostly opaque, subtended by narrow but darkly pigmented lamellulae outlining propodeal concavity, hence propodeum laterally marginate; declivitous face of propodeum strongly concave in profile and oblique posterior view; propodeal spiracle large, directed posterodorsally; spiracle conspicuous due to polished, unsculptured area posterodorsad spiracle, extending to base of propodeal tooth, strongly contrasting with surrounding foveolate sculpture; propodeal lobes well-developed, flangelike.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE56AFF84FCA4FC04BFE7008C" blockId="63.[818,1443,149,1958]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FCA4FC04B86F00F1" box="[850,893,913,931]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Legs</emphasis>
moderately long (HFI 61–68) and slender; mesotibia without apicoventral spur or seta; mesobasitarsus relatively short, about as long as tarsomeres II–IV taken together.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE56AFF84FCA4FC7DBE880651" blockId="63.[818,1443,149,1958]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FCA4FC7DB8DC00A9" box="[850,974,1000,1019]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Petiolar node</emphasis>
strongly attenuated dorsally, but appearing thick in profile since attenuation strongest medially; node about 3.0 to 3.8 times higher than long (LPeI 300–383); in profile, anterior face of node convex, apex blunt to rounded, curving evenly into convex posterior face, hence posterior face indistinct; in dorsal view, petiole roughly trapezoidal, sides divergent posteriorly, anterior face concave, about 3.3 to 4.3 times broader than long (DPeI 329–429); in anterior view, petiolar outline roughly pentagonal, edges poorly defined, angles strongly rounded; in oblique anterodorsal view, anterior face concave; subpetiolar process broadly falcate, curved, apex rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE56AFF84FCA4FA98BF3E057A" blockId="63.[818,1443,149,1958]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FCA4FA98BF0E0673" box="[850,1052,1293,1313]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Abdominal segment 3</emphasis>
with tergite broadly campaniform, widest just anterad end of segment; sternite somewhat squared in profile;
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE56AFF84FCC4FADDB85D0609" box="[818,847,1352,1371]" name="American Samoa" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">AS</collectingCountry>
3 with wide median ridge extending anteriorly to prora, broadening to lobe posteriorly; prora well-defined, concave in ventral view; constriction between abdominal segments 3 and 4 distinct; AT4 weakly longer than AT3, about 1.1 times longer (ASI 105–112); AT4 bulbous, hemidemispherical;
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE56AFF84FB8FFA2BBF860683" box="[1145,1172,1470,1489]" name="American Samoa" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">AS</collectingCountry>
4 with well-developed, wide anterior lip, overlapping most of the width of
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE56AFF84FB17FA4EBFED06BC" box="[1249,1279,1499,1518]" name="American Samoa" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">AS</collectingCountry>
3, anterior border weakly convex in ventral view; successive abdominal segments short, telescopic, often concealed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE56AFF84FCA4F9A6B8E1058A" blockId="63.[818,1443,149,1958]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FCA4F9A6B8BB0514" box="[850,937,1587,1606]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Sculpture</emphasis>
similarly foveolate on head, dorsal mesosoma, declivitous face of propodeum, petiole, abdominal segment 3 and AT4; foveolae becoming smaller on front of head; becoming foveolatereticulate on lateral mesosoma; area posterodorsad propodeal spiracle smooth and unsculptured; mandible with numerous, fine piligerous punctulae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE56AFF84FCA4F976BFF404F4" blockId="63.[818,1443,149,1958]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE56AFF84FCA4F976B88F05A4" box="[850,925,1763,1782]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Setation</emphasis>
very dilute and inconspicuous, consisting entirely of appressed pubescence, slightly longer on abdominal terga; body appearing glabrous at lower magnification; metapleural gland bulla with distinctly longer but fine, yellowish guard setae; scape and legs with short, somewhat sparse velvety appressed pubescence; ectal face of mandible with relatively long, curved, appressed setae; masticatory margin with row of short, straight seate.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0F4DD4E515FFFBFF64FBB0B9D5073B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542232" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3542232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542232/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" startId="64.[146,173,1061,1078]" targetBox="[147,768,147,1026]" targetPageId="64">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE515FFFBFF64FBB0B9D5073B" blockId="64.[146,772,1061,1129]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE515FFFBFF64FBB0BBC20764" bold="true" box="[146,208,1061,1078]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 50.</emphasis>
Stacked digital color images of
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE515FFFBFE13FBB0B9A00764" authority="(Arnold, 1916)" authorityName="Arnold" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Arnold" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[485,690,1061,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poweri">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE515FFFBFE13FBB0B9240764" box="[485,566,1061,1078]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">D. poweri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE160ADE515FFFBFDB5FBB0B9BE0764" author="Arnold, G." box="[579,684,1061,1078]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. South African Mus." pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="159 - 270" part="14" refId="ref64556" refString="Arnold, G. 1916. A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part II. Ponerinae, Dorylinae. Ann. South African Mus. 14: 159 - 270." title="A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part II. Ponerinae, Dorylinae" type="journal article" year="1916">Arnold, 1916</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
holotype (SAM-ENT-0011509—from https://www.antweb.org, photographer unknown). (A) body in profile, (B) body in dorsal view, (C) head in full-face view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE515FFFBFF44FB01B81607F5" blockId="64.[178,772,1172,1192]" box="[178,772,1172,1192]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE515FFFBFF44FB01BBF507F5" box="[178,231,1172,1191]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Color</emphasis>
more or less uniformly bright luteous-orange to yellowish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E515FFFBFF64FB77BAC706DA" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE515FFFBFF64FB77BBE707A7" blockId="64.[146,770,1250,1416]" box="[146,245,1250,1269]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="D087AA30E515FFFBFF64FB77BBE707A7" bold="true" box="[146,245,1250,1269]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE515FFFBFF64FB77BBE707A7" bold="true" box="[146,245,1250,1269]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE515FFFBFF64FB6ABAC706DA" blockId="64.[146,770,1250,1416]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
In Greek mythology, ‘Penthos’ was the spirit of grief, lamentation, and mourning. The specific epithet recognizes the highly threatened and rapidly diminishing rainforest habitat from which this species and most other Afrotropical
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE515FFFBFE6AFAC2B9190638" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[412,523,1367,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE515FFFBFE6AFAC2B9190638" box="[412,523,1367,1386]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Discothyrea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
originate. The specific epithet is given as an appositive noun.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E515FFFBFF64FA2ABA160515" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE515FFFBFF64FA2ABA6A0680" blockId="64.[146,770,1471,1608]" box="[146,376,1471,1490]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="D087AA30E515FFFBFF64FA2ABA6A0680" bold="true" box="[146,376,1471,1490]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE515FFFBFF64FA2ABA6A0680" bold="true" box="[146,376,1471,1490]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Distribution and Biology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE515FFFBFF64FA49BA160515" blockId="64.[146,770,1471,1608]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE515FFFBFF64FA49BA4306BD" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[146,337,1500,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penthos">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE515FFFBFF64FA49BA4306BD" box="[146,337,1500,1519]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Discothyrea penthos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from four rainforest localities in
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE515FFFBFF5DFA6FBA05055F" box="[171,279,1530,1549]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
where it seems to live in leaf litter (
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E515FFFBFD9CFA6FB9A3055F" box="[618,689,1530,1549]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,1283,1300]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1247]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1435,147,1248]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Maps showing the known distribution ranges of Afrotropical Discothyrea species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542140/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 4O</figureCitation>
). This is the only species apparently endemic to the Guinean rainforests of West Africa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E515FFFBFF64F912BE0B022C" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE515FFFBFF64F912BBE405C8" blockId="64.[146,770,1671,1954]" box="[146,246,1671,1690]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="D087AA30E515FFFBFF64F912BBE405C8" bold="true" box="[146,246,1671,1690]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE515FFFBFF64F912BBE405C8" bold="true" box="[146,246,1671,1690]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE515FFFBFF64F931BE8F0253" blockId="64.[146,770,1671,1954]" lastBlockId="64.[818,1443,149,257]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
This is another distinctive species distinguishable on the basis of the almost subquadrate head, conspicuous propodeal teeth, and the distinctive shape of abdominal sternite 3. The latter character is only found in two other species:
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE515FFFBFE61F968B912045D" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[407,512,1788,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hawkesi">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE515FFFBFE61F968B912045D" box="[407,512,1788,1807]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">D. hawkesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE515FFFBFDC7F968B984045D" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[561,662,1788,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kalypso">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE515FFFBFDC7F968B984045D" box="[561,662,1788,1807]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">D. kalypso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These two are easily separated since they are generally smaller, have shorter limbs, and are also more elongated and less robust than
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE515FFFBFD61F8ADB9EE0418" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[663,764,1847,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penthos">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE515FFFBFD61F8ADB9EE0418" box="[663,764,1847,1866]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">D. penthos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE515FFFBFEE4F8C0BA6A0435" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[274,376,1876,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penthos">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE515FFFBFEE4F8C0BA6A0435" box="[274,376,1876,1895]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">D. penthos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is strongly sculptured throughout most of the body but displays a distinctly smooth and shiny area around the propodeal spiracle. The only species of the complex found in sympatry with
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE515FFFBFC4AFF03BF3303FA" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[956,1057,149,168]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penthos">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE515FFFBFC4AFF03BF3303FA" box="[956,1057,149,168]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">D. penthos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE515FFFBFBCDFF03BF9E03FA" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[1083,1164,150,168]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venus">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE515FFFBFBCDFF03BF9E03FA" box="[1083,1164,150,168]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">D. venus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but both cannot be confused. Among a series of other differences,
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE515FFFBFB8EFF26BFDA0397" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[1144,1224,179,197]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venus">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE515FFFBFB8EFF26BFDA0397" box="[1144,1224,179,197]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">D. venus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses a much larger AT
<quantity id="4C88B0B9E515FFFBFCB9FF45B86403B1" box="[847,886,208,227]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
relation to AT3 (ASI 158–183), has much more reduced sculpture, and lacks the conspicuous shape of abdominal sternite 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE515FFFBFCC4FEA5B89A0211" blockId="64.[818,1442,304,382]" box="[818,904,304,323]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="D087AA30E515FFFBFCC4FEA5B89A0211" bold="true" box="[818,904,304,323]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE515FFFBFCC4FEA5B89A0211" bold="true" box="[818,904,304,323]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Variation</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE515FFFBFCC4FED8BE0B022C" blockId="64.[818,1442,304,382]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
Despite being known from several localities in
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE515FFFBFB2AFEDBBE5A0233" box="[1244,1352,334,353]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
, intraspecific variation appears to be negligible in this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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