218 lines
31 KiB
XML
218 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="F87A5BF80582A2AF5509DB9A6310A872" ID-CLB-Dataset="24900" ID-DOI="10.1093/isd/ixz015" ID-GBIF-Dataset="56172c62-3e7c-4ab7-83d4-1dd9f5c57eb5" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3542130" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1573763013583" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hita-Garcia, Francisco, Lieberman, Ziv, Audisio, Tracy L., Liu, Cong & Economo, Evan P." docDate="2019" docId="03D9AC4AE552FFB3FF64FF55BA5902B9" docLanguage="en" docName="insectSystematicsDiversity.ixz015.pdf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics and Diversity 5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74.8:InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74" docStyleName="InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Discothyrea Roger 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFE0D432E555FFBBFFF6FF95BB120352" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3 D Cybertaxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698765580234" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="782630B06F54842B83BD39B023544B50">Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3 D Cybertaxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5886F0C842F2155B7044EBF6A6B4D90E">Hita-Garcia, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5C58F7F9651C741D6F54B5DE311A5295">Lieberman, Ziv</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9E10975F32BED0F145F4C7005446A7AD">Audisio, Tracy L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BD7012046C383EB2790916848DD7B556">Liu, Cong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="76281869FE8215717392C5D13919B4C8">Economo, Evan P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8B6E7522A95F6E5F51E0C4422DCE5375">Insect Systematics and Diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="49CD07E186A1D384BBD448C64052CD96">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="88966A61027E38A8D1D333D48BF5F40D">2019-11-14</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D9AC4AE552FFB3FF64FF55BA5902B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5922572" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160400418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5922572" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D9AC4AE552FFB3FF64FF55BA5902B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D9AC4AE552FFB3FF64FF55BA5902B9" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E552FFBCFF64FF55BAB10385" box="[146,419,192,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE552FFBCFF64FF55BAB10385" blockId="7.[146,770,192,511]" box="[146,419,192,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D087AA30E552FFBCFF64FF55BAB10385" box="[146,419,192,215]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE552FFBCFF64FF55BAB10385" ID-CoL="46TW" authority="Roger, 1863" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[146,419,192,215]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFF64FF55BA0A0385" box="[146,280,192,215]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Discothyrea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE160ADE552FFBCFEE9FF55BAB10385" author="Roger, J." box="[287,419,192,215]" journalOrPublisher="Berliner Entomol. Z." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="131 - 214" part="7" refId="ref66708" refString="Roger, J. 1863. Die neu aufgefuhrten Gattungen und Arten meines Formiciden- Verzeichnisses nebst Erganzung einiger fruhergegebenen Beschreibungen. Berliner Entomol. Z. 7: 131 - 214." title="Die neu aufgefuhrten Gattungen und Arten meines Formiciden- Verzeichnisses nebst Erganzung einiger fruhergegebenen Beschreibungen" type="journal article" year="1863">Roger, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E552FFBCFF64FF76BA0403A4" box="[146,278,227,246]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE552FFBCFF64FF76BA0403A4" blockId="7.[146,770,192,511]" box="[146,278,227,246]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D087AA30E552FFBCFF64FF76BA0403A4" bold="true" box="[146,278,227,246]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFF64FF76BA0403A4" bold="true" box="[146,278,227,246]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nomenclature</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E552FFBCFF64FE95B9DF02AC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE552FFBCFF64FE95BBE70263" blockId="7.[146,770,192,511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE552FFBCFF64FE95BA900241" ID-CoL="46TW" authority="Roger, 1863" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[146,386,256,276]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFF64FE95BA130241" box="[146,257,256,275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Discothyrea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE160ADE552FFBCFEFAFE94BA900241" author="Roger, J." box="[268,386,256,276]" journalOrPublisher="Berliner Entomol. Z." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="131 - 214" part="7" refId="ref66708" refString="Roger, J. 1863. Die neu aufgefuhrten Gattungen und Arten meines Formiciden- Verzeichnisses nebst Erganzung einiger fruhergegebenen Beschreibungen. Berliner Entomol. Z. 7: 131 - 214." title="Die neu aufgefuhrten Gattungen und Arten meines Formiciden- Verzeichnisses nebst Erganzung einiger fruhergegebenen Beschreibungen" type="journal article" year="1863">Roger, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE552FFBCFDE1FE95B9C80241" ID-CoL="6CZPC" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[535,730,256,275]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testacea">
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<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFDE1FE95B9C80241" box="[535,730,256,275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Discothyrea testacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE552FFBCFF64FEAEBA77023E" blockId="7.[146,770,192,511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE552FFBCFF64FEAEBAD8021C" authority="Wheeler, 1916" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1916" box="[146,458,315,334]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prodiscothyrea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFF64FEAEBA0E021C" box="[146,284,315,334]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Prodiscothyrea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE160ADE552FFBCFEC5FEAEBAD8021C" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[307,458,315,334]" journalOrPublisher="Trans. R. Soc. South Austr." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="33 - 37" part="40" refId="ref67361" refString="Wheeler, W. M. 1916. Prodiscothyrea, a new genus of ponerine ants from Queensland. Trans. R. Soc. South Austr. 40: 33 - 37." title="Prodiscothyrea, a new genus of ponerine ants from Queensland" type="journal article" year="1916">Wheeler, 1916</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE552FFBCFD8EFEAEBBC90239" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prodiscothyrea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutina">
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<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFD8EFEAEBBC90239" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Prodiscothyrea velutina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE552FFBCFF64FEE3BBC102B3" blockId="7.[146,770,192,511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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[Junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE552FFBCFEBDFEE3BAA802DB" ID-CoL="46TW" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[331,442,374,393]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFEBDFEE3BAA802DB" box="[331,442,374,393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Discothyrea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE160ADE552FFBCFE2AFEE3B94D02DB" author="Brown, W. L." box="[476,607,374,393]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="173 - 362" part="118" refId="ref64825" refString="Brown, W. L. 1958 a. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. II. Tribe Ectatommini (Hymenoptera). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 118: 173 - 362." title="Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. II. Tribe Ectatommini (Hymenoptera)" type="journal article" year="1958">Brown, 1958a</bibRefCitation>
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]
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<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE552FFBCFF64FE06BAD702F4" authority="Arnold, 1916" authorityName="Arnold" authorityYear="1916" box="[146,453,403,422]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudosysphincta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFF64FE06BA2602F4" box="[146,308,403,422]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudosysphincta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE160ADE552FFBCFEB4FE06BAD702F4" author="Arnold, G." box="[322,453,403,422]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. South African Mus." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="159 - 270" part="14" refId="ref64556" refString="Arnold, G. 1916. A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part II. Ponerinae, Dorylinae. Ann. South African Mus. 14: 159 - 270." title="A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part II. Ponerinae, Dorylinae" type="journal article" year="1916">Arnold, 1916</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE552FFBCFDA9FE06BBC00291" authorityName="Arnold" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudosysphincta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poweri">
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<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFDA9FE06BBC00291" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudosysphincta poweri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy. [Junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE552FFBCFDDEFE25B9850291" ID-CoL="46TW" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[552,663,432,451]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFDDEFE25B9850291" box="[552,663,432,451]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Discothyrea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE160ADE552FFBCFD49FE24BBDE02B3" author="Brown, W. L." journalOrPublisher="Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="173 - 362" part="118" refId="ref64825" refString="Brown, W. L. 1958 a. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. II. Tribe Ectatommini (Hymenoptera). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 118: 173 - 362." title="Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. II. Tribe Ectatommini (Hymenoptera)" type="journal article" year="1958">Brown, 1958a</bibRefCitation>
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]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE552FFBCFF64FE7EB9DF02AC" blockId="7.[146,770,192,511]" box="[146,717,491,511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFF64FE7EBA3302AC" box="[146,289,491,510]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudosphincta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE160ADE552FFBCFED0FE7EBAB802AC" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[294,426,491,510]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 1055" part="45" refId="ref67395" refString="Wheeler, W. M. 1922. Ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45: 1 - 1055." title="Ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa" type="journal article" year="1922">Wheeler, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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. [incorrect subsequent spelling]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E552FFBCFF64FDA4BE780496" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE552FFBCFF64FDA4BA550111" blockId="7.[146,771,560,1988]" box="[146,327,560,580]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D087AA30E552FFBCFF64FDA4BA550111" bold="true" box="[146,327,560,580]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFF64FDA4BA550111" bold="true" box="[146,327,560,580]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Worker Description</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE552FFBCFF64FDDBB9050496" blockId="7.[146,771,560,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFF64FDDBBBD60133" box="[146,196,590,609]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Head</emphasis>
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usually longer than broad, less often approximately as long as broad and subquadrate; posterior head margin transverse to gently rounded; sides of head subparallel, converging anteriorly, or rounded in frontal view; anterolateral corners of gena rounded, squared, or sharply angulate to denticulate; clypeus and frons completely fused, epistomal sulcus absent; clypeus anteriorly produced, overhanging mandible, with anteromedial disc rectangular, convex, sagittate, or weakly emarginate, or anteriomedial disc of clypeus deeply concave, impressed and ventral to anteromedial frontal projection; lateral area of clypeus narrow, concave between antennal sockets and anterolateral corner of gena; frons anteromedially prolonged such that antennal sockets located anterad anterior tentorial pits; frontal carinae anteromedially fused, posteriorly variously modified: as a broad, elevated plate, rhomboid in frontal view, extending from anterior clypeal margin to posterior third of head, forming deep scrobal areas; as a short but broad rhomboid to triangular swelling not reaching midline of head; or as a thin lamella, disciform, lobate, or triangular in profile, sometimes slightly broadened anteromedially, lamella often thinnest basally, sometimes with a distinct translucent fenestra.
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<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFF64FBEEBBF207DC" box="[146,224,1147,1166]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Antenna</emphasis>
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with 6–11 antennomeres; scape slightly to strongly incrassate apically and typically not surpassing posterior head margin; apical antennomere greatly enlarged, forming a swollen club usually about as long as remaining flagellomeres taken together; subapical flagellomeres highly compressed, one to five flagellomeres proximal to antennal club with both distal and proximal margins deeply invaginated, forming two sclerotic annuli internally per subsegment, first few flagellomeres extremely compressed and externally indistinct, variably overlapping.
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<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFE6FFAF3B935062A" box="[409,551,1382,1401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Compound eye</emphasis>
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variably present, welldeveloped with multiple ommatidia, globose and protruding from head, eye setose; or eye small and flattened, ommatidia indistinct; or eye reduced to a pigmented spot; or eye entirely absent.
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<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFD5CFA2BB8100683" box="[682,770,1470,1489]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mandible</emphasis>
|
||
with masticatory margin edentate, or with a distinct subapical tooth, denticle, or swelling, and/or with a subbasal angle or denticle, basal angle of mandible rounded, squared, or angulate, sometimes sharply; ectal face of mandible usually with carina confluent with masticatory margin for some of its length, leaving a smooth, depressed mesal region where it diverges from margin that includes subbasal angle or denticle when present; mesal face of mandible asetose, or with prominent row of enlarged setae, setae stout and sometimes apically flattened.
|
||
<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFE57F953B94E058B" box="[417,604,1734,1753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ventral head surface</emphasis>
|
||
with raised, welldefined postocciput, sometimes with an anteromedial carina; with or without raised, rounded tumuli and flattened, unsculptured posterolateral areas.
|
||
<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFEA7F88BBAC50463" box="[337,471,1822,1841]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Palpal formula</emphasis>
|
||
variable: 6,4; 5, 4; 4,4; 4,3; 4,3; 1,3 (see Note below); secondary maxillary palpomere tubular, not hammer-shaped; first two proximal maxillary palpomeres highly reduced, partially fused, and transverse in relation to one another, such that the second palpomere articulates perpendicular to the first and third palpomeres in a zigzag arrangement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE552FFBCFCA4FF03BE65015B" blockId="7.[818,1442,149,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFCA4FF03B8A603FA" box="[850,948,150,168]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
variable in shape, gracile to very stocky and robust; usually moderately rounded or posteroventrally sloping in profile but rarely strongly convex, high-rounded; in dorsal view mesosoma subrectangular to strongly narrowed posteriorly; pronotal humeri rounded; promesonotal junction fused, suture entirely absent or very rarely scarcely detectable; pronotomesepisternal junction sutured, unfused; median mesepisternal sulcus absent; posterolateral corners of propodeum unarmed and rounded to strongly angulate or with distinct denticles; declivitous face of propodeum sloping to strongly concave, sometimes finely marginate; propodeal spiracle without bulla, atrial opening round to oval, usually located at or slightly ventrad mid-height of propodeum; propodeal lobes present, short and truncate to lobate or flangelike; metapleural gland present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE552FFBCFCA4FD86BE2D012C" blockId="7.[818,1442,149,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFCA4FD86B86F0177" box="[850,893,531,549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
usually short, sometimes somewhat elongate; mesotibia variably unarmed, or with an apicoventral seta inserted in a pit, or with a distinct apicoventral spur; mesobasitarsus sometimes very elongate, as long as remaining tarsomeres taken together.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE552FFBCFCA4FD1DBE3A0764" blockId="7.[818,1442,149,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFCA4FD1DB89D01C9" box="[850,911,648,667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Petiole</emphasis>
|
||
variable in shape; outline of anterior face nearly round, disciform, rectangular, roughly or distinctly hexagonal, or often clearly pentagonal; dorsal margin of anterior face flat, weakly to strongly rounded, concave, or peaked, sometimes strongly so; anterior face of petiolar node flat, weakly concave, or strongly concave, sometimes most strongly excavate medially such that node almost bilobed; petiolar node often dorsally attenuated and posterodorsally sloping; petiole narrow to very thick anteroposteriorly; in dorsal view petiolar node rectangular to rhomboid, sides parallel to strongly diverging posteriorly; petiolar spiracles opening ventrally, spiracular openings large and round, elliptical, or reniform; anterior disc of petiolar sternite entire, undivided; subpetiolar process variable, from a very small, rounded disc to a strongly projecting, digitate to triangular lobe, when well-developed often with a posteromedial groove at the attachment of the process to the sternite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE552FFBCFCA4FBD5BF7A057B" blockId="7.[818,1442,149,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFCA4FBD5BF320701" box="[850,1056,1088,1107]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Abdominal segment 3</emphasis>
|
||
either much longer than abdominal segment 4, subequal in length, or clearly shorter; helcium axial; segment overall roughly campaniform, typically widest just anterad posterior margin; abdominal tergite 3 slightly to strongly prolonged anteriorly past anterior edge of sternite; abdominal sternite 3 concave, sloping, or rounded in profile, with a somewhat distinct to very distinct anterior face, anterior face posteriorly depressed, ventral face with a distinctly elevated anterior border, anterior border flat to deeply concave in ventral view, border variably smooth or with prora, prora narrowly carinulate to strongly raised, either following curvature of border or forming a distinct, rectangular medial plate; abdominal sternite 3 variably evenly increasing in depth posteriorly, with a broad and smooth but differentiated posteromedial lobe, with a broad medial ridge widening to a lobe posteriorly, or with medial ridge narrow and carinate anteriorly; when present, medial carina in profile rounded or squared with distinct anterior face, carina sometimes anteriorly surpassing prora.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE552FFBCFCA4F9A6BEB005E9" blockId="7.[818,1442,149,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFCA4F9A6BF330514" box="[850,1057,1587,1606]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Abdominal segment 4</emphasis>
|
||
vaulted, roughly to clearly in the shape of a quarter-sphere; abdominal sternite 4 anteriorly either overall sloping to rounded, with a small groove accommodating the posterior margin of abdominal sternite 3, or nearly right-angled, forming a large lip overlapping the posterior margin of abdominal sternite 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE552FFBCFCA4F950B8860463" blockId="7.[818,1442,149,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFCA4F950B8BB058A" box="[850,937,1733,1752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sculpture</emphasis>
|
||
highly variable, but often predominantly punctatereticulate to foveolate-reticulate or alveolate to areolate; sculpture of abdominal segment 4 typically reduced relative to abdominal segment 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE552FFBCFCA4F8AEB8A1043E" blockId="7.[818,1442,149,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904C14EE552FFBCFCA4F8AEB88F041C" box="[850,925,1851,1870]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Setation</emphasis>
|
||
variable but unspecialized except for mandibular setae when present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE552FFBCFCA4F8E3BE780496" blockId="7.[818,1442,149,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
[Note: all values of palp formula besides 6,4 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE160ADE552FFBCFB14F8E0BE5B04DB" author="Keller, R. A." box="[1250,1353,1909,1929]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 90" part="355" refId="ref66298" refString="Keller, R. A. 2011. A phylogenetic analysis of ant morphology (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with special reference to the poneromorph subfamilies. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 355: 1 - 90." title="A phylogenetic analysis of ant morphology (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with special reference to the poneromorph subfamilies" type="journal article" year="2011">Keller 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE160ADE552FFBCFCC4F806BF5904F4" author="Sosa-Calvo, J. & J. T. Longino" box="[818,1099,1939,1958]" editor="Jimenez, F. & Fernandez, T. M. & F. H. Lozano-Zambrano" journalOrPublisher="Sistematica, biogeografia y conservacion de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="219 - 237" refId="ref66983" refString="Sosa-Calvo, J., and J. T. Longino. 2008. Subfamilia Proceratiinae, pp. 219 - 237. In E. Jimenez, F. Fernandez, T. M. Arias, and F. H. Lozano-Zambrano (eds.), Sistematica, biogeografia y conservacion de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota." title="Subfamilia Proceratiinae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="E" year="2008">Sosa-Calvo and Longino (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE160ADE552FFBCFBA3F806BFDB04F4" author="Keller, R. A." box="[1109,1225,1939,1958]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 90" part="355" refId="ref66298" refString="Keller, R. A. 2011. A phylogenetic analysis of ant morphology (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with special reference to the poneromorph subfamilies. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 355: 1 - 90." title="A phylogenetic analysis of ant morphology (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with special reference to the poneromorph subfamilies" type="journal article" year="2011">Keller (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that this apparent diversity of counts could be due to miscounting and we concur.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E55DFFB3FF64FF00BA5902B9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE55DFFB3FF64FF00BAA403FA" blockId="8.[146,770,149,491]" box="[146,438,149,168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="D087AA30E55DFFB3FF64FF00BAA403FA" bold="true" box="[146,438,149,168]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904C14EE55DFFB3FF64FF00BAA403FA" bold="true" box="[146,438,149,168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Afrotropical Species Complexes</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE55DFFB3FF64FF26BA5902B9" blockId="8.[146,770,149,491]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
In this study, we focused on the material from the Afrotropics available to us. As noted above,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE160ADE55DFFB3FE26FF44B94D03B1" author="Brown, W. L." box="[464,607,208,228]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="173 - 362" part="118" refId="ref64825" refString="Brown, W. L. 1958 a. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. II. Tribe Ectatommini (Hymenoptera). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 118: 173 - 362." title="Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. II. Tribe Ectatommini (Hymenoptera)" type="journal article" year="1958">Brown (1958a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
already grouped the then-known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE55DFFB3FE61FF78B9140252" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[407,518,237,256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904C14EE55DFFB3FE61FF78B9140252" box="[407,518,237,256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Discothyrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into two complexes. Our examinations clearly confirm the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE55DFFB3FE2EFE9EB92C024C" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" box="[472,574,267,286]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904C14EE55DFFB3FE2EFE9EB92C024C" box="[472,574,267,286]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. oculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE55DFFB3FD80FE9EB813024C" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1914" box="[630,769,267,286]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="traegaordhi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904C14EE55DFFB3FD80FE9EB813024C" box="[630,769,267,286]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. traegaordhi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complexes since they are significantly divergent in their respective morphology (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E55DFFB3FEE6FED0BA57020A" box="[272,325,325,344]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[146,173,1890,1907]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,1291,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[154,1434,1290,1855]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Still images from surface display volume renderings displaying the general morphology of both species complexes. Discothyrea oculata complex, D. mixta (CASENT0285473): (A) head in full-face view, (B) head in profile, (C) head in ventral view, (D) body in profile. Discothyrea traegaordhi complex, D. wakanda (CASENT0790326): (E) head in full-face view, (F) head in profile, (G) head in ventral view, (H) body in profile." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542142" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542142/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, on the basis of preliminary analyses of limited material from other regions, we are confident that there at least one or two more complexes found in the Indo-Malayan region and Oceania. We do not define or discuss them in detail due to the scarcity of material available to us and the focus of this study on the Afrotropical region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |