502 lines
39 KiB
XML
502 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1145-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="ACBBD138B7375B0D9F63CE792A82F653" ID-ZooBank="830628C276CD4641BFC6144CD775ED6B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1145-1" checkinTime="1675506069289" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hedin, Marshal & Milne, Marc A." docDate="2023" docId="EB812E0CB6225172894CDE2D829B2BD9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1145: 1-130" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1145" docPubDate="2023-02-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724" docTitle="Nesticus lowderi Hedin & Milne 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="1F0FB7CB-C0AD-4284-B1CA-F44AC6C9E160" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="ACBBD138B7375B0D9F63CE792A82F653" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="ACBBD138B7375B0D9F63CE792A82F653" masterDocTitle="New species in old mountains: integrative taxonomy reveals ten new species and extensive short-range endemism in Nesticus spiders (Araneae, Nesticidae) from the southern Appalachian Mountains" masterLastPageNumber="130" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1675506069289" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New species in old mountains: integrative taxonomy reveals ten new species and extensive short-range endemism in Nesticus spiders (Araneae, Nesticidae) from the southern Appalachian Mountains</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hedin, Marshal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182 - 4614, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mhedin@sdsu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Milne, Marc A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-0161</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46227, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-02-03</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1145</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>130</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1145-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">830628C276CD4641BFC6144CD775ED6B</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">ACBBD138B7375B0D9F63CE792A82F653</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1F0FB7CB-C0AD-4284-B1CA-F44AC6C9E160" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB812E0CB6225172894CDE2D829B2BD9" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/1F0FB7CB-C0AD-4284-B1CA-F44AC6C9E160" authority="Hedin & Milne, 2023" authorityName="Hedin & Milne" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus lowderi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lowderi" status="sp. nov.">Nesticus lowderi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="F46" captionText="Figure 46. Nesticus lowderi sp. nov. ♂ palps. North Carolina, Clay Co., Chunky Gal Mountain, Chestnut Branch of Barnard's Creek, MCH 99 _ 016 (SDSU _ TAC 000667), dorsal (A), ventral (B) C North Carolina, Clay Co., Big Tuni Creek, MCH 02 _ 171, ventral D North Carolina, Clay Co., Fires Creek Road, Picnic Area along Fires Creek, MCH 07 _ 108, ventral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804497" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 46A-D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Nesticus lowderi sp. nov. epigynal variation. North Carolina, Clay Co., Chunky Gal Mountain, Chestnut Branch of Barnard's Creek, MCH 99 _ 016 (SDSU _ TAC 000668) ventral (A), dorsal (B). North Carolina, Clay Co., Big Tuni Creek, MCH 02 _ 171, ventral (C), dorsal (D). Swain Co., Blowing Springs Cave, ventral (E), dorsal (F). North Carolina, Clay Co., Fires Creek Road, Picnic Area along Fires Creek, MCH 07 _ 108, ventral (G). North Carolina, Clay Co., Dave Barrett Fork of Eagle Fork Creek, MCH 02 _ 143, ventral (H). Scale bar: 0.5 mm. Septal bars outlined in image G to better reflect actual specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804498" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 47A-H</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Type material:
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1999-05-06" collectorName="M. Hedin, B. Dellinger" country="USA" county="Clay Co." latitude="35.0857" location="Chestnut Branch of Barnard's Creek" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6327" municipality="Chunky Gal Mountain" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCountry name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
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-
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="North Carolina">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Clay Co.</collectingCounty>
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</emphasis>
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•
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<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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;
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<collectingMunicipality>Chunky Gal Mountain</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB812E0CB6225172894CDE2D829B2BD9:7C28872C031BF3857C73CB1A21220B33" country="USA" county="Clay Co." latitude="35.0857" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6327" municipality="Chunky Gal Mountain" name="Chestnut Branch of Barnard's Creek" stateProvince="North Carolina">
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Chestnut Branch of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Barnard’s">Barnard's</normalizedToken>
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Creek
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</location>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35.0857" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="35.0857">35.0857°N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate degrees="83.6327" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-83.6327">83.6327°W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1999-05-06">6 May. 1999</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>B. Dellinger</collectorName>
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leg.; MCH 99_016 (SDSU_TAC000667)
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</materialsCitation>
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</emphasis>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1992-04-24" collectorName="B. Dellinger" country="United States of America" county="Clay Co." latitude="35.0868" location="Non" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6372" municipality="Chunky Gal Mountain" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectingCounty>Clay Co.</collectingCounty>
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</emphasis>
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•
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<specimenCount type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
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; data as for holotype;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB812E0CB6225172894CDE2D829B2BD9:A18C98102D8EF2B119DFF578D7344825" country="United States of America" county="Clay Co." latitude="35.0868" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6372" municipality="Chunky Gal Mountain" name="Non" stateProvince="North Carolina">Non</location>
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type material
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</emphasis>
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: -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB812E0CB6225172894CDE2D829B2BD9:20E9CA601CFA64B0B87E95CAEB683F17" country="United States of America" county="Clay Co." latitude="35.0868" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6372" municipality="Chunky Gal Mountain" name="Clay Co." stateProvince="North Carolina">Clay Co.</location>
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</emphasis>
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•
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<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
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; along
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB812E0CB6225172894CDE2D829B2BD9:DDE6F910D4DF86717BA4ED40513FC13F" country="United States of America" county="Clay Co." latitude="35.0868" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6372" municipality="Chunky Gal Mountain" name="Barnard's Creek" stateProvince="North Carolina">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Barnard’s">Barnard's</normalizedToken>
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Creek
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</location>
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, N side of
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<collectingMunicipality>Chunky Gal Mountain</collectingMunicipality>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35.0868" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="35.0868">35.0868°N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate degrees="83.6372" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-83.6372">83.6372°W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1992-04-24">24 Apr. 1992</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>B. Dellinger</collectorName>
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leg.
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</materialsCitation>
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; •
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-08-20" collectorName="M. Hedin, F. Coyle, M. Lowder, P. Paquin" country="United States of America" county="Hightower Bald" latitude="35.0075" location="Eagle Fork Creek" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6225" municipality="Dave Barrett" specimenCount="♀" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB812E0CB6225172894CDE2D829B2BD9:AF1B040AB4F495A1E7159BBEC7491020" country="United States of America" county="Hightower Bald" latitude="35.0075" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6225" municipality="Dave Barrett" name="Eagle Fork Creek" stateProvince="North Carolina">Eagle Fork Creek</location>
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(
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<collectingMunicipality>Dave Barrett</collectingMunicipality>
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)
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<locationDeviation location="Shooting Creek">SE of Shooting Creek</locationDeviation>
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N of
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<collectingCounty>Hightower Bald</collectingCounty>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35.0075" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="35.0075">35.0075°N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate degrees="83.6225" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-83.6225">83.6225°W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2002-08-20">20 Aug. 2002</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>F. Coyle</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>M. Lowder</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>P. Paquin</collectorName>
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leg.
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-08-16" collectorName="M. Hedin, M. McCormack, S. Derkarabetian" country="United States of America" county="Fires Creek" latitude="35.0955" location="Fires Creek" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.8586" municipality="Picnic Area" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="6" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
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MCH 02_143; •
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<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB812E0CB6225172894CDE2D829B2BD9:223DE55B44A946AECA046A3BF82CFC9E" country="United States of America" county="Fires Creek" latitude="35.0955" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.8586" municipality="Picnic Area" name="Fires Creek" stateProvince="North Carolina">Fires Creek</location>
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Road,
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<collectingMunicipality>Picnic Area</collectingMunicipality>
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along
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<collectingCounty>Fires Creek</collectingCounty>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35.0955" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="35.0955">35.0955°N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate degrees="83.8586" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-83.8586">83.8586°W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2007-08-16">16 Aug. 2007</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>M. McCormack</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>S. Derkarabetian</collectorName>
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leg.
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-08-21" collectorName="M. Hedin, F. Coyle, M. Lowder, P. Paquin" country="United States of America" county="Short Branch" latitude="35.1467" location="Fires Creek" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.7618" municipality="Long Branch" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
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MCH 07_108; •
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<specimenCount type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB812E0CB6225172894CDE2D829B2BD9:7AEE324D88A84866845E590A133EE96D" country="United States of America" county="Short Branch" latitude="35.1467" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.7618" municipality="Long Branch" name="Fires Creek" stateProvince="North Carolina">Fires Creek</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Long Branch</collectingMunicipality>
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, just up from
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<collectingCounty>Short Branch</collectingCounty>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35.1467" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="35.1467">35.1467°N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate degrees="83.7618" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-83.7618">83.7618°W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2002-08-21">21 Aug. 2002</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>F. Coyle</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>M. Lowder</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>P. Paquin</collectorName>
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leg.
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2004-08-18" collectorName="M. Hedin, R. Keith, J. Starrett, S. Thomas" country="United States of America" county="Fires Creek Picnic Area" latitude="35.0961" location="Fires Creek" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.8566" municipality="Leatherwood Falls" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
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MCH 02_144; •
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<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
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, 1 imm;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB812E0CB6225172894CDE2D829B2BD9:2C346FDB57DC117C04BB93AE91C23B23" country="United States of America" county="Fires Creek Picnic Area" latitude="35.0961" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.8566" municipality="Leatherwood Falls" name="Fires Creek" stateProvince="North Carolina">Fires Creek</location>
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, near
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<collectingMunicipality>Leatherwood Falls</collectingMunicipality>
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, just NE
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<collectingCounty>Fires Creek Picnic Area</collectingCounty>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35.0961" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="35.0961">35.0961°N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate degrees="83.8566" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-83.8566">83.8566°W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2004-08-18">18 Aug. 2004</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
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,
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||
<collectorName>R. Keith</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>J. Starrett</collectorName>
|
||
,
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<collectorName>S. Thomas</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-08-16" collectorName="M. Hedin, M. McCormack, S. Derkarabetian" country="United States of America" latitude="35.1025" location="Big Tuni Creek" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.7007" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
|
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MCH 04_060; •
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<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
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; FR 440, along
|
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB812E0CB6225172894CDE2D829B2BD9:14BD3DC5EAE7EDD031267B9CA0CD5896" country="United States of America" latitude="35.1025" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.7007" name="Big Tuni Creek" stateProvince="North Carolina">Big Tuni Creek</location>
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,
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<locationDeviation location="Woods Road">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi.</quantity>
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N Woods Road
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</locationDeviation>
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||
;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35.1025" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="35.1025">35.1025°N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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||
<geoCoordinate degrees="83.7007" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-83.7007">83.7007°W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2007-08-16">16 Aug. 2007</collectingDate>
|
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;
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<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
|
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,
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<collectorName>M. McCormack</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>S. Derkarabetian</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-08-30" collectorName="M. Hedin, M. Lowder, P. Paquin" country="United States of America" county="Bob Allison Picnic Area" latitude="35.1463" location="Big Tuni Creek" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6974" municipality="Tusquitee Bald" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="7" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
|
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MCH 07_107; •
|
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<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount type="female">7♀</specimenCount>
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, 7 imm; FR 440,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB812E0CB6225172894CDE2D829B2BD9:9CBD0CA0497291E1557A349B8E8261D5" country="United States of America" county="Bob Allison Picnic Area" latitude="35.1463" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6974" municipality="Tusquitee Bald" name="Big Tuni Creek" stateProvince="North Carolina">Big Tuni Creek</location>
|
||
, E
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Tusquitee Bald</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
near
|
||
<collectingCounty>Bob Allison Picnic Area</collectingCounty>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.1463" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="35.1463">35.1463°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, -
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="83.6974" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-83.6974">83.6974°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2002-08-30">30 Aug. 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>M. Lowder</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>P. Paquin</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1999-05-06" collectorName="M. Hedin, B. Dellinger" country="United States of America" latitude="35.0627" location="Chunky Gal Mountain" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6204" municipality="Hwy" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
MCH 02_171; •
|
||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; W side
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB812E0CB6225172894CDE2D829B2BD9:8DA4547479056182CE26D1339E74D012" country="United States of America" latitude="35.0627" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.6204" municipality="Hwy" name="Chunky Gal Mountain" stateProvince="North Carolina">Chunky Gal Mountain</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Hwy</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
64, near scenic overlook;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.0627" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="35.0627">35.0627°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, -
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="83.6204" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-83.6204">83.6204°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="1999-05-06">6 May. 1999</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>B. Dellinger</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-09-10" collectorName="J. D. Mayes" country="United States of America" county="Swain Co." location="Nantahala River" municipality="Blowing Springs Cave" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
MCH 99_019; -
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingCounty>Swain Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB812E0CB6225172894CDE2D829B2BD9:2626D4A636D14297D68280425E0F5B2E" country="United States of America" county="Swain Co." municipality="Blowing Springs Cave" name="Nantahala River" stateProvince="North Carolina">Nantahala River</location>
|
||
Gorge,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Blowing Springs Cave</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2001-09-10">10 Sep. 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>J.D. Mayes</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Several male features distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hedin & Milne" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus lowderi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lowderi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus lowderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other members of the species group (and Appalachian clade), including the distinctive shape of the posterior keel of the forked tegular apophysis and the low sinuous paradistal process (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="F46" captionText="Figure 46. Nesticus lowderi sp. nov. ♂ palps. North Carolina, Clay Co., Chunky Gal Mountain, Chestnut Branch of Barnard's Creek, MCH 99 _ 016 (SDSU _ TAC 000667), dorsal (A), ventral (B) C North Carolina, Clay Co., Big Tuni Creek, MCH 02 _ 171, ventral D North Carolina, Clay Co., Fires Creek Road, Picnic Area along Fires Creek, MCH 07 _ 108, ventral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804497" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">46A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median bars, extending V-shaped upwards from the median septum and interrupting the epigynal pockets, diagnose
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. lowderi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lowderi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. lowderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females from other members of the species group and other common regional taxa (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. reclusus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reclusus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. reclusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804497" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 46" startId="F46">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 46.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hedin & Milne" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus lowderi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lowderi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus lowderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. ♂ palps. North Carolina, Clay Co., Chunky Gal Mountain, Chestnut Branch of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Barnard’s">Barnard's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Creek, MCH 99_016 (SDSU_TAC000667), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
North Carolina, Clay Co., Big Tuni Creek, MCH 02_171, ventral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
North Carolina, Clay Co., Fires Creek Road, Picnic Area along Fires Creek, MCH 07_108, ventral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of ♂ holotype</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(SDSU_TAC000667).</emphasis>
|
||
Carapace cream-colored, faint gray pigmentation behind ocular area leading to midline. Legs pale yellow / cream. Abdomen with many dark gray blotches on a pale cream background. All eyes approximately equal in size, except for AMEs, ~ 1/2 width of ALEs. Eyes with rings of dark pigment. CL 1.32, CW 1.2, abdomen length 1.48, total body length 2.8. Leg I total length 9.88 (2.71, 0.58, 2.9, 2.59, 1.1), leg formula 1423, leg I / CW ratio 8.2. Ventral paracymbial process consists of a large, basal lobe that broadens down length of paracymbium. Distal process somewhat spoon-shaped, dorsal process a low lobe, and the paradistal process consists of a sinuous, prolaterally directed extension with a heavily sclerotized anterior edge. Median apophysis rectangular with an anteriorly directed point and a sclerotized prolateral edge. Tegulum forked, with strong posterior keel including a wide lobe with a flattened edge. Distal tegular process crescent-shaped with a heavily sclerotized point directed anterolaterally, closely appressed to median apophysis. Distal tip of conductor bent and directed prolaterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="♂ variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">♂ Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Males from different locations varied slightly in the shape of the basal fork of the tegular apophysis (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="F46" captionText="Figure 46. Nesticus lowderi sp. nov. ♂ palps. North Carolina, Clay Co., Chunky Gal Mountain, Chestnut Branch of Barnard's Creek, MCH 99 _ 016 (SDSU _ TAC 000667), dorsal (A), ventral (B) C North Carolina, Clay Co., Big Tuni Creek, MCH 02 _ 171, ventral D North Carolina, Clay Co., Fires Creek Road, Picnic Area along Fires Creek, MCH 07 _ 108, ventral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804497" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">46A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of ♀ paratype</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(SDSU_TAC000668).</emphasis>
|
||
Carapace dusky cream to orange, with faint gray pigmentation behind ocular area leading to midline and around edges. Leg pale yellow / cream. Abdomen with paired dark gray blotches on a light gray background. All eyes approximately equal in size, except for AMEs, ~ 1/2 width of ALEs. Eyes with rings of dark pigment. CL 1.25, CW 1.11, abdomen length 1.46, total body length 2.71. Leg I total length 8.34 (2.41, 0.51, 2.39, 2.04, 0.99), leg formula 1423, leg I / CW ratio 7.5. Epigynal pockets interrupted by median bars that extend upwards V-shaped from base of median septum to nearly the top of the larger pocket (giving an overall appearance of an anchor, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Nesticus lowderi sp. nov. epigynal variation. North Carolina, Clay Co., Chunky Gal Mountain, Chestnut Branch of Barnard's Creek, MCH 99 _ 016 (SDSU _ TAC 000668) ventral (A), dorsal (B). North Carolina, Clay Co., Big Tuni Creek, MCH 02 _ 171, ventral (C), dorsal (D). Swain Co., Blowing Springs Cave, ventral (E), dorsal (F). North Carolina, Clay Co., Fires Creek Road, Picnic Area along Fires Creek, MCH 07 _ 108, ventral (G). North Carolina, Clay Co., Dave Barrett Fork of Eagle Fork Creek, MCH 02 _ 143, ventral (H). Scale bar: 0.5 mm. Septal bars outlined in image G to better reflect actual specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804498" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47A-H</figureCitation>
|
||
). The presence of these bars forms septal grooves that lie directly adjacent to the median septum, and smaller pockets lateral to the V-shaped bars. Median septum slightly protruding posteriorly past lateral lobes. Spermathecae elongated and curved along lateral borders of epigynum, approximately banana-shaped. Ventrolateral sides of epigynal plate bulging (convex), as viewed from the side. Viewed dorsally, large internal lobes extend anteriorly and possess sclerotized rims. Interior margins directed inward diagonally towards the center of the epigynum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804498" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 47" startId="F47">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 47.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hedin & Milne" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus lowderi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lowderi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus lowderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. epigynal variation. North Carolina, Clay Co., Chunky Gal Mountain, Chestnut Branch of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Barnard’s">Barnard's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Creek, MCH 99_016 (SDSU_TAC000668) ventral (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
). North Carolina, Clay Co., Big Tuni Creek, MCH 02_171, ventral (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
). Swain Co., Blowing Springs Cave, ventral (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
). North Carolina, Clay Co., Fires Creek Road, Picnic Area along Fires Creek, MCH 07_108, ventral (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
). North Carolina, Clay Co., Dave Barrett Fork of Eagle Fork Creek, MCH 02_143, ventral (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
). Scale bar: 0.5 mm. Septal bars outlined in image
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
to better reflect actual specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="♀ variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">♀ Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Epigynal structure fairly uniform across collecting locations (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Nesticus lowderi sp. nov. epigynal variation. North Carolina, Clay Co., Chunky Gal Mountain, Chestnut Branch of Barnard's Creek, MCH 99 _ 016 (SDSU _ TAC 000668) ventral (A), dorsal (B). North Carolina, Clay Co., Big Tuni Creek, MCH 02 _ 171, ventral (C), dorsal (D). Swain Co., Blowing Springs Cave, ventral (E), dorsal (F). North Carolina, Clay Co., Fires Creek Road, Picnic Area along Fires Creek, MCH 07 _ 108, ventral (G). North Carolina, Clay Co., Dave Barrett Fork of Eagle Fork Creek, MCH 02 _ 143, ventral (H). Scale bar: 0.5 mm. Septal bars outlined in image G to better reflect actual specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804498" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47A-H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Blowing Springs Cave females are concolorous and relatively long-legged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Most populations are from the Chunky Gal, Tusquitee, and Valley River Mountains of western North Carolina (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Distribution of the Nesticus barrowsi group. Type localities designated with yellow circles. State boundaries and major cities shown for geographic context. Dashed lines circumscribe known species distributions." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804493" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4311/2019LSC0133" author="Holler Jr, C" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Caves and Karst Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="221 - 260" refId="B23" refString="Holler Jr, C, Mays, JD, Niemiller, ML, 2020. The fauna of caves and other subterranean habitats of North Carolina, USA. Journal of Caves and Karst Studies 82 (4): 221 - 260, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4311/2019LSC0133" title="The fauna of caves and other subterranean habitats of North Carolina, USA." url="https://doi.org/10.4311/2019LSC0133" volume="82" year="2020">Holler et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
attributed female specimens from Blowing Springs Cave to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1984" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus cooperi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cooperi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus cooperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. reclusus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reclusus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. reclusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); we instead have identified these as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. lowderi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lowderi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. lowderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on epigynal morphology, including the inward curve of the internal plates (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Nesticus lowderi sp. nov. epigynal variation. North Carolina, Clay Co., Chunky Gal Mountain, Chestnut Branch of Barnard's Creek, MCH 99 _ 016 (SDSU _ TAC 000668) ventral (A), dorsal (B). North Carolina, Clay Co., Big Tuni Creek, MCH 02 _ 171, ventral (C), dorsal (D). Swain Co., Blowing Springs Cave, ventral (E), dorsal (F). North Carolina, Clay Co., Fires Creek Road, Picnic Area along Fires Creek, MCH 07 _ 108, ventral (G). North Carolina, Clay Co., Dave Barrett Fork of Eagle Fork Creek, MCH 02 _ 143, ventral (H). Scale bar: 0.5 mm. Septal bars outlined in image G to better reflect actual specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804498" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47A-H</figureCitation>
|
||
). This would represent a disjunct northern-most record for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. lowderi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lowderi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. lowderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Distribution of the Nesticus barrowsi group. Type localities designated with yellow circles. State boundaries and major cities shown for geographic context. Dashed lines circumscribe known species distributions." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804493" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42</figureCitation>
|
||
) and should be confirmed with the collection of males and /or nuclear DNA data from this location. Another possibility is sympatry at this location.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
At Fires Creek (MCH 02_144),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hedin & Milne" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus lowderi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lowderi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus lowderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3♂, 5♀) was found in syntopy with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. reclusus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reclusus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. reclusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(♂, 4♀); field notes read "30-minute survey, 3 persons, S-facing and N-facing rock fields". Because we did not identify specimens directly in the field it remains unclear if these different species were truly syntopic or were segregated somehow at this location. Also, at least 15 immatures were collected at this location but were not identified to species because of sympatry.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Collection records suggest that this species is less common in the Chunky Gal Mountains than in the more westerly Tusquitee and Valley River Mountains.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
This species is named to recognize and honor Michael Lowder, faculty member at Stanly Community College, native North Carolinian, fan of western North Carolina, and collector of many Appalachian
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1869" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Michael was the first graduate student of MH, who remains forever grateful for our continued friendship and reflects on our early lab and field time together with great fondness.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The extent of mitochondrial divergence observed in this taxon over a small geographic region (including only Chunky Gal, Tusquitee, and Valley River Mountains) is notable (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. COI IQT gene tree. Distant outgroups trimmed. Specimen numbers correspond to those in Suppl. material 3 (with detailed location provided in Suppl. material 1). Sequences from UCE capture denoted with " NODE ". Populations with a " Nesticus cooperi - like " male paracymbium denoted by small circles. Not all tip bootstrap values shown (see Suppl. material 4 for. tre file with all bootstrap values)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804457" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |