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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.855.33013" ID-GBIF-Dataset="74c6bbe7-c9cc-468d-904e-61408ceff72e" ID-PMC="PMC6586674" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-855-109" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F460A02DFFD1FB56FFF2FF94FFB2FFAC" ID-PubMed="31244545" ID-ZBK="F5A7AE8B38834CFD859FB2F3F9A079C0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3251190" ID-ZooBank="F5A7AE8B38834CFD859FB2F3F9A079C0" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-855-109" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 855" ModsDocTitle="Three additional new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from the Guiana and Brazilian Shield regions of South America (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)" checkinTime="1560464664927" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Giron, Jennifer C. &amp; Short, Andrew Edward Z." docDate="2019" docId="DF990855A3586A19A4D1B89A63B73A37" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 855: 109-154" docOrigin="ZooKeys 855" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.855.33013" docTitle="Primocerus gigas Girón &amp; Short 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="D56F83E7-8B5C-4A07-87FE-30E16A936BCA" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="F460A02DFFD1FB56FFF2FF94FFB2FFAC" lastPageNumber="142" masterDocId="F460A02DFFD1FB56FFF2FF94FFB2FFAC" masterDocTitle="Three additional new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from the Guiana and Brazilian Shield regions of South America (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)" masterLastPageNumber="154" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="140" updateTime="1732488762355" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="208200248626268F3A69655471D9D23B">
<mods:title id="05A2B1B24DBC5A1099E7484771026D4E">Three additional new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from the Guiana and Brazilian Shield regions of South America (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="278A24813284C618A1F1C1CE1DB0E27C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2A0F785641D290759FEEB1D4277DCB28">
<mods:roleTerm id="527FE3140A97E9086CA8F6AA7153790A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B63C3F52AC382EE503AC82FDAEC3BBD2">Giron, Jennifer C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3FC2D69C9DD0985C1C10E4F86730555E">Department of Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EF189C1D56479B9526C9D3C66B5A3BE0" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8B0B3787E7DA92C5AB0BF81317FE9A8D" type="email">entiminae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="90BD937293FEBC2CD55F6B3F969B3AB0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8F5D1D9856B4C3653265586CAB96A038">
<mods:roleTerm id="461E8A906ABA76ADFA6EC189873CAE1F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CAB9BA03D237282A0767AA0F7D741847">Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B7084B7001C480728AC7D0127E094195">Department of Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DC9E8EFEE5F834B0DD66ABD2A5E56683">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D27A4FEEA83D0878790AEED544E7836F">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E39E24006B4EC15496900939CAF92047">
<mods:date id="2638F25A8386CE342375F549A93F3E4C">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5C2471D5D54183588318AF388F799E8D" type="volume">
<mods:number id="CFB6793C2D3382B235A9B44F02B31F83">855</mods:number>
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<mods:location id="EB7CB0C49FAF97BC5E674AB87CCD478B">
<mods:url id="25C7DAE01ED4A07A92A80D06E826C832">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.855.33013</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="ADF44E7834F6CC0EF6C955664433202C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4DE114A1E4C6673B620A74030693A95B" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.855.33013</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="90790F72A71607D5424474BFE5B9FACB" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-855-109</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1FE3375FB6682AC57F79872467BC8354" type="ZooBank">F5A7AE8B38834CFD859FB2F3F9A079C0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DF990855A3586A19A4D1B89A63B73A37" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158217536" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D56F83E7-8B5C-4A07-87FE-30E16A936BCA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF990855A3586A19A4D1B89A63B73A37" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="31" pageNumber="140" scope_family="Hydrophilidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Acidocerinae">
<subSubSection id="85D907C37D54DD82B569DE7DC03DECFE" pageId="31" pageNumber="140" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="36CA4E0F789E7D93F78685238D63A3F8" pageId="31" pageNumber="140">
<taxonomicName id="A55D6939FEB887560BE90DD88D6C8275" ID-CoL="8Y8MK" LSID="DF990855-A358-6A19-A4D1-B89A63B73A37" authority="Girón &amp; Short, 2019" authorityName="Girón &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus gigas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas" status="sp. nov.">Primocerus gigas</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F05FF4BF4E4EB155A61A694553610CF4" pageId="31" pageNumber="140">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="905C8F6E4ADC73DE002B9A91AE126478" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus ocellatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus gigas: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="31" pageNumber="140">
Figs 10
<normalizedToken id="0E0932E5DB1478CBAF8841BB68E18D38" originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="D20B8C8894BE06EE4ACC903E387FE8C2" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Thorax, abdomen and aedeagus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus neutrum: A ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing transverse ridge) B posterior view of metafurca C fifth abdominal ventrite D aedeagus. E-L aedeagus: E, F Primocerus maipure: E dorsal view F lateral view. G, H Primocerus pijiguaense: G dorsal view H lateral view I Primocerus gigas J Primocerus petilus K Primocerus striatolatus L Primocerus cuspidis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310071" pageId="31" pageNumber="140">, 14I</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="5959BF7F0C89D6AE0F37D0B313925376" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Distribution of Primocerus spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310072" pageId="31" pageNumber="140">, 15A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23D6C7D55DDF1C8D57891A4B26FB0704" pageId="32" pageNumber="141" type="type material">
<paragraph id="4FC6FAE03D66251978C7C8B5059223AF" pageId="32" pageNumber="141">
<pageBreakToken id="39FA0C07C97EF74F0E7BAA15E028F79F" pageId="32" pageNumber="141" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4833BFFE1E04E4AE2AA6DB28D1032B43" pageId="32" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="21C407716AA90ABEB10E7B8C0EAA0FEE" bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="141">Holotype</emphasis>
(♂): &quot;VENEZUELA: Amazonas/
<geoCoordinate id="F0908990EDFD99A2CB0A7146EA4A323E" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.8333333">0°50'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0AE6B8CDB62A210AEC9CE7D9BEE57D66" degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-65.98333">65°59'W</geoCoordinate>
; 2100 m/ Cerro de la Neblina, camp II; beetles in flight over sunlit stream/ 16:00hrs. 31.i.1985/ leg. W.E. Steiner et al.&quot; (USNM).
<emphasis id="4428087D84A9CDEC819ED7F549003F60" bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="141">Paratypes (8): VENEZUELA: Amazonas</emphasis>
: Same data as holotype (SEMC, USNM, 7, including DNA voucher SLE 1374); same except
<geoCoordinate id="260DC8784BC3B95154134FF7FF24C753" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.8666667">0°52'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="588C445E6BE9014C38EA700814D0F061" degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-65.96667">65°58'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1450 m, camp XI, 25-28.ii.1985, seine of rapids in small mountain stream, leg. P.J. &amp; P.M. Spangler, R. Faitoute (USNM, 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77FE6445CC3E6B4EA6BF4A6996FF7BA4" pageId="32" pageNumber="141" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CFCEEAFE0EC8290734C435D1877FDFFF" pageId="32" pageNumber="141">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E59DE284D4E4E8B28C9A9AC9D4B5B049" pageId="32" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="7B139892037CA0A8331C15B8DDBDF29C" authorityName="Girón &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus gigas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="5D9D8F45CF695BFD5743152AA1A6A375" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="141">Primocerus gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is among the largest species of the genus. It can be distinguished from similarly sized species by the moderately sized eyes being separated by a distance of 7.5
<normalizedToken id="68D78A208CD243B4FDAB1880FC221766" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the width of an eye (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C4594B622FC0F10187B03BD5A06F670D" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus ocellatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus gigas: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="32" pageNumber="141">10H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FAA34692A01986DAFD07BAF5BF6FEBDB" pageId="32" pageNumber="141" type="description">
<paragraph id="33D4F735B36EA03C780D7CB9767C681F" pageId="32" pageNumber="141">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6BF03B6CF2A9E98262EDDBEE41134731" pageId="32" pageNumber="141">
Body length 4.9 mm, width 2.8 mm. Body elongate oval, moderately convex (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9EE932003560650F957AA70C766E4541" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus ocellatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus gigas: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="32" pageNumber="141">10F</figureCitation>
). General coloration dark brown. Elytra with ground punctures shallowly marked, seta-bearing systematic punctures slightly enlarged, and serial punctures absent. Posterior elevation of mesoventrite with simple transverse ridge. Metafemora with hydrofuge pubescence covering slightly more than basal half of anterior surface. Apex of fifth abdominal ventrite truncate. Aedeagus (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8BCD91F7D5636ACD709C89EC67CD0499" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Thorax, abdomen and aedeagus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus neutrum: A ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing transverse ridge) B posterior view of metafurca C fifth abdominal ventrite D aedeagus. E-L aedeagus: E, F Primocerus maipure: E dorsal view F lateral view. G, H Primocerus pijiguaense: G dorsal view H lateral view I Primocerus gigas J Primocerus petilus K Primocerus striatolatus L Primocerus cuspidis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310071" pageId="32" pageNumber="141">14I</figureCitation>
) with basal piece nearly 1.1
<normalizedToken id="CFC59FF6C153AA7C9B68EF6CB7903736" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than parameres; parameres slightly longer than median lobe, truncate and obliquely directed at apex; apex of median lobe narrowly pointed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="94B9DEAE69C3C288E678147C64916725" pageId="32" pageNumber="141" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="3A2D3C57D4E73EF641FD81809B88304D" pageId="32" pageNumber="141">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="49ED2C2DE2A872E2481D1647B9FC7BF2" pageId="32" pageNumber="141">
Named with the Latin word
<taxonomicName id="C8BE5D1EB18E5CDCF8335806237BD2F7" authorityName="Girón &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="gigas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="D8F2E1A4C82D522F32B6B5EC2B5414D6" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="141">gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
meaning giant, in reference to the large size of this species compared to most members of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="05DF7D8EF53414243BC817DEDCC67C70" pageId="33" pageNumber="142" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="EBED1A0803416DD7665CAF1065ADF60D" pageId="33" pageNumber="142">
<pageBreakToken id="CE17DA75EF6C88ADB3EA6DBCA4CA7E5D" pageId="33" pageNumber="142" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A1ED0187AD9E135CF6C1AAC3548C5CA1" pageId="33" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName id="94BBEBB448D9A5F47679CFE991CBCEB1" authorityName="Girón &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus gigas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="37052C08D6D54F9992882717163FC7A4" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="142">Primocerus gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from Cerro de la Neblina in the Venezuelan Amazon, at elevations between 1450 and 2100 m (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CEFDD148506AC9E8691199D6E2C8E16B" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Distribution of Primocerus spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310072" pageId="33" pageNumber="142">15A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2C3361DAFF36EE21D5F23E44794E7EE3" pageId="33" pageNumber="142" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="B262814350DEF5A89125FD22FF505259" pageId="33" pageNumber="142">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="21035A2D5BE9E5AB16C80DE2E8EFCAE4" pageId="33" pageNumber="142">Label data indicates the beetles were collected &quot;in flight&quot;, with one specimen collected by seining rapids in a mountain stream.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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