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<mods:namePart id="A149BBF08E4C8D19C2E63D73CFD69898">Cairns, S. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="53485E563099DDF7081371D3F7720323">Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “ Bernardino Rivadavia ” - CONICET-Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina &amp; pablopench @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2043 - 8814</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="3300D6011F5064A6FDF92E525D01E29B">Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “ Bernardino Rivadavia ” - CONICET-Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina &amp; dlauretta @ gmail. com; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5344 - 2425</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="D1C65FE14952BA23FF0444D730B6F980" ID-CoL="6ZCY7" authority="(Moseley, 1876)" baseAuthorityName="Moseley" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[151,643,1513,1540]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Sporadopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
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<emphasis id="24B2F8704952BA23FF0444D7338FF987" bold="true" box="[151,442,1513,1540]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sporadopora dichotoma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="725759934952BA23FE5A44D7304EF980" author="Moseley, H. N." box="[457,635,1513,1539]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="93 - 101" refId="ref31274" refString="Moseley, H. N. (1876) Preliminary note on the structure of the Stylasteridae, a group of stony corals which, like the Milleporidae, are hydroids, and not anthozoans. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 25, 93 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspl. 1876.0021." type="journal article" year="1876">Moseley, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="8EFD38E74952BA23FF33473332CAF9A4" box="[160,255,1549,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-26@22.[151,1435,181,1774]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 12. (a) Terminal fragments of Sporadopora dichotoma. (b) Colony of Errinopsis reticulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751303/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 12a</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="8EFD38E74952BA23FE984733336EF9A4" box="[267,347,1549,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-26@30.[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 17. Sporadopora dichotoma. (a) Branch cross section displaying ampullae cavities and gastro- and dactylopore tubes. (b) Branch longitudinal section displaying curvature of gastro- and dactylopore tubes. (c) Ampulla with efferent duct (left side) and gastropore tube (centre). (d) Gastrostyle. (e) Coenosteal texture and gastro- and dactylopores. (f) Efferent pore seen from interior of ampulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751315/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="24B2F8704952BA23FF04476C3352F9E9" box="[151,359,1618,1642]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Polypora dichotoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="725759934952BA23FEFE476C307BF9E9" author="Moseley, H. N." box="[365,590,1618,1642]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="93 - 101" refId="ref31274" refString="Moseley, H. N. (1876) Preliminary note on the structure of the Stylasteridae, a group of stony corals which, like the Milleporidae, are hydroids, and not anthozoans. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 25, 93 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspl. 1876.0021." type="journal article" year="1876">Moseley, 1876: 9495</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="D1C65FE14952BA23FF04474E30A0F90A" ID-CoL="6ZCY7" authority=": Moseley 1879: 429 - 440" authorityName=": Moseley" authorityPageNumber="429 - 440" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,661,1648,1673]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Sporadopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="24B2F8704952BA23FF04474E33BBF90B" box="[151,398,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sporadopora dichotoma</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="725759934952BA23FE0F474E30A0F90A" author="Moseley, H. N." box="[412,661,1648,1673]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="425 - 503" refId="ref31337" refString="Moseley, H. N. 1879 (1878) On the structure of the Stylasteridae, a family of the hydroid stony corals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 169, 425 - 503. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstl. 1878.0014." type="journal article" year="1879">Moseley 1879: 429440</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 34, figs. 12, pl. 35, figs. 1, 2, 9, pl. 36, pl. 43, figs. 19, 12, pl. 44, figs. 1314;
<treatmentCitation id="976702734952BA23FE8047B133C4F924" author="Moseley, H. N." box="[275,497,1679,1703]" page="36" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1881">
<bibRefCitation id="725759934952BA23FE8047B133C4F924" author="Moseley, H. N." box="[275,497,1679,1703]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 248" refId="ref31390" refString="Moseley, H. N. (1881) Report on certain hydroid, alcyonarian, and madreporarian corals procured during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, in the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76. Zoology, 2, 1 - 248." type="journal article" year="1881">Moseley 1881: 3647</bibRefCitation>
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, 83, pl. 1, figs. 1 2, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2, 9, pl. 3, pl. 10, figs. 19, 12, pl. 11, figs. 1314;
<treatmentCitation id="976702734952BA23FAAD47B13379F945" author="Boschma, H." page="60" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1957">
<bibRefCitation id="725759934952BA23FAAD47B13379F945" author="Boschma, H." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref29381" refString="Boschma, H. (1957) List of the described species of the order Stylasterina. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 33, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1957">Boschma 1957: 6061</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="976702734952BA23FEC447903077F945" author="Boschma, H." box="[343,578,1710,1734]" page="61" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="725759934952BA23FEC447903077F945" author="Boschma, H." box="[343,578,1710,1734]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="287 - 300" refId="ref29451" refString="Boschma, H. (1964) Notes on the stylasterine coral Errina labiata. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Series C, 67 (5), 287 - 300." type="journal article" year="1964">Boschma 1964: 6162</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="976702734952BA23FDDD47903112F945" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[590,807,1710,1734]" page="65" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="725759934952BA23FDDD47903112F945" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[590,807,1710,1734]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="61 - 164" refId="ref29674" refString="Cairns, S. D. (1983 a) Antarctic and Subantarctic Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Biology of the Antarctic Seas XIII. Antarctic Research Series, 38 (2), 61 - 164." type="journal article" year="1983">Cairns 1983a: 6567</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 1ab, 2ai, 3ab, map 1;
<treatmentCitation id="976702734952BA23FBE347903751F945" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[1136,1380,1710,1734]" page="436" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="725759934952BA23FBE347903751F945" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[1136,1380,1710,1734]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="427 - 508" refId="ref29714" refString="Cairns, S. D. (1983 b) A generic revision of the Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part 1. Description of the genera. Bulletin of Marine Science, 33 (2), 427 - 508." type="journal article" year="1983">Cairns 1983b: 436438</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 2ah, 24f, 25h, 27a, 28c;
<treatmentCitation id="976702734952BA23FE5A47F230A6F967" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[457,659,1740,1765]" page="44" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="725759934952BA23FE5A47F230A6F967" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[457,659,1740,1765]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 179" refId="ref29849" refString="Cairns, S. D. (1991) The marine fauna of New Zealand, Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydroida). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 98, 1 - 179." type="journal article" year="1991">Cairns 1991: 4446</bibRefCitation>
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; Cairns &amp; Macintryre 1992: 98, table 1;
<treatmentCitation id="976702734952BA23FBBD47F236CDF966" author="Zamponi, M. O." box="[1070,1272,1740,1765]" page="188" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="725759934952BA23FBBD47F236CDF966" author="Zamponi, M. O." box="[1070,1272,1740,1765]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="183 - 203" refId="ref32698" refString="Zamponi, M. O. (2008) La Corriente de Malvinas:? una via de dispersion para cnidarios bentonicos de aguas frias?. Revista Real Academia Galega de Ciencias 27, 183 - 203." type="journal article" year="2008">Zamponi 2008: 188</bibRefCitation>
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, 198, fig. 9;
<treatmentCitation id="976702734952BA23FAEB47F33388F880" author="Rio Iglesias, J. L. &amp; Acosta &amp; Yepes J. &amp; Cristobo Rodriguez, J. &amp; Martinez Portela, J. &amp; Parra Descalzo, S. &amp; Tel E. &amp; Vinas Dieguez, L. &amp; Munoz Recio, A. &amp; Vilela Perez, R. &amp; Jimenez, E. E. &amp; Ibarrola, T. P. &amp; Rios Lopez, P. &amp; Almon Pazos, B. &amp; Blanco Perez, R. &amp; Murillo Perez, J. &amp; Polonio Povedano, V. &amp; Fernandez Feijoo, J. &amp; Cabanas, J. M. &amp; Gago Pineiro, J. M. &amp; Gonzalez-Nuevo Gonzales, G. &amp; Cabrero Rodriguez, A. &amp; Besada Montenegro, M. V. &amp; Schultze Prado, F. &amp; Franco Hernandez, A. &amp; Bargiela Barros, J. &amp; Garcia Blanco, X." page="191" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="725759934952BA23FAEB47F33388F880" author="Rio Iglesias, J. L. &amp; Acosta &amp; Yepes J. &amp; Cristobo Rodriguez, J. &amp; Martinez Portela, J. &amp; Parra Descalzo, S. &amp; Tel E. &amp; Vinas Dieguez, L. &amp; Munoz Recio, A. &amp; Vilela Perez, R. &amp; Jimenez, E. E. &amp; Ibarrola, T. P. &amp; Rios Lopez, P. &amp; Almon Pazos, B. &amp; Blanco Perez, R. &amp; Murillo Perez, J. &amp; Polonio Povedano, V. &amp; Fernandez Feijoo, J. &amp; Cabanas, J. M. &amp; Gago Pineiro, J. M. &amp; Gonzalez-Nuevo Gonzales, G. &amp; Cabrero Rodriguez, A. &amp; Besada Montenegro, M. V. &amp; Schultze Prado, F. &amp; Franco Hernandez, A. &amp; Bargiela Barros, J. &amp; Garcia Blanco, X." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref32029" refString="Rio Iglesias, J. L., Acosta, Yepes J., Cristobo Rodriguez, J., Martinez Portela, J., Parra Descalzo, S., Tel E., Vinas Dieguez, L., Munoz Recio, A., Vilela Perez, R., Jimenez, E. E., Ibarrola, T. P., Rios Lopez, P., Almon Pazos, B., Blanco Perez, R., Murillo Perez, J., Polonio Povedano, V., Fernandez Feijoo, J., Cabanas, J. M., Gago Pineiro, J. M., Gonzalez-Nuevo Gonzales, G., Cabrero Rodriguez, A., Besada Montenegro, M. V., Schultze Prado, F., Franco Hernandez, A., Bargiela Barros, J. &amp; Garcia Blanco, X. (2012) Estudio de los ecosistemas marinos vulnerables en aguas internacionales del Atlantico sudoccidental. Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia. Temas de Oceanografia 6, Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, 283 pp." type="book" year="2012">
Río Iglesias
<emphasis id="24B2F8704952BA23FE8847D2337DF880" box="[283,328,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
. 2012: 191
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="976702734952BA23FE5447D230C7F880" author="Bax, N. &amp; Cairns, S. D." box="[455,754,1771,1795]" page="108" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="725759934952BA23FE5447D230C7F880" author="Bax, N. &amp; Cairns, S. D." box="[455,754,1771,1795]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="107 - 112" refId="ref29073" refString="Bax, N. &amp; Cairns, S. D. (2014) Chapter 5.7. Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). In: De Broyer, C., Koubbi, P., Griffiths, H. J., Raymond, B., Udekem d'Acoz, C. d', Van de Putte, A. P., Danis, B., David, B., Grant, S., Gutt, J., Held, C., Hosie, G., Huettmann, F., Post, A., Ropert-Coudert, Y. (Eds.), Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Cambridge, pp. 107 - 112." type="book chapter" year="2014">Bax &amp; Cairns 2014: 108111</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, table 1, map 4
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EDC77E94952BA23FF04460F37BAF8EC" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="167924624952BA23FF04460F37BAF8EC" blockId="28.[151,1437,1841,2012]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="24B2F8704952BA23FF04460F3304F8C8" bold="true" box="[151,305,1841,1867]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution.</emphasis>
Off Mar del Plata,
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F24952BA23FD94460F304DF8C8" box="[519,632,1841,1867]" name="Argentina" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="D13E89874952BA23FD10460F30EEF8CF" box="[643,731,1841,1868]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.097" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1097.0">1097 m</quantity>
; Patagonia,
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54952BA23FCF2460F31AAF8C8" box="[865,927,1841,1867]" degrees="42" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="55555" value="-42.0">42° S</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54952BA23FC50460F3636F8C8" box="[963,1027,1841,1867]" degrees="48" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="55555" value="-48.0">48° S</geoCoordinate>
; Scotia Arc from
<collectingRegion id="D402EA804952BA23FB54460F374AF8CF" box="[1223,1407,1841,1868]" country="Argentina" name="Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Tierra del Fuego</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F24952BA23FF04466B330EF8EC" box="[151,315,1877,1903]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F24952BA23FED6466B3399F8EC" box="[325,428,1877,1903]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Malvinas</collectingCountry>
Islands and Shetland Islands,
<quantity id="D13E89874952BA23FD68466B31BFF8F3" box="[763,906,1877,1904]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.74" metricValueMax="14.98" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="874.0" valueMax="1498.0" valueMin="250.0">2501498 m</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="24B2F8704952BA23FC07466B37BAF8EC" bold="true" box="[916,1423,1877,1903]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
New record off Mar del Plata,
<quantity id="D13E89874952BA23FB68466B37BFF8EC" box="[1275,1418,1877,1903]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5290000000000001" metricValueMax="2.2039999999999997" metricValueMin="0.8540000000000001" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1529.0" valueMax="2204.0" valueMin="854.0">8542204 m</quantity>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EDC77E94952BA22FF5446473002FE2E" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="167924624952BA22FF5446473002FE2E" blockId="28.[151,1437,1841,2012]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,150,1833]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="24B2F8704952BA23FF5446473380F810" bold="true" box="[199,437,1913,1939]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="A6AE2E3F4952BA23FE53464737A2F817" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3118649313" box="[448,1431,1913,1940]" collectionCode="USNM" location="Burdwood Bank" municipality="Eltanin St." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 60098" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="46608C194952BA23FE5346473057F810" box="[448,610,1913,1939]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">USNM 60098</specimenCode>
off
<location id="131972B94952BA23FD0B46473162F810" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E6F95744952BA22FF0444D731A7F8AA:131972B94952BA23FD0B46473162F810" box="[664,855,1913,1939]" municipality="Eltanin St." name="Burdwood Bank" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Burdwood Bank</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F61DBE184952BA23FCF4464731D6F810" box="[871,995,1913,1939]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="24B2F8704952BA23FCF44647318CF810" box="[871,953,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Eltanin</emphasis>
St.
</collectingMunicipality>
1593 (54° 4342 S, 56° 3739 W)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="A6AE2E3F4952BA23FF0446A3369FF83B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3118649326" box="[151,1194,1949,1976]" collectingDate="2013-05" collectionCode="USNM" country="United Kingdom" elevation="1245" latitude="-37.90075" location="Mar del Plata" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.401516" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 60100" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="46608C194952BA23FF0446A33303F834" box="[151,310,1949,1975]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">USNM 60100</specimenCode>
off South Georgia,
<emphasis id="24B2F8704952BA23FD8B46A030DBF834" box="[536,750,1949,1976]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="D1C65FE14952BA23FD8B46A030B2F834" authority="Islas" authorityName="Islas" box="[536,647,1949,1976]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Ara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">ARA Islas</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F24952BA23FD1C46A330DBF834" box="[655,750,1949,1975]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Orcadas</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
St. 57534 (
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54952BA23FC1246A33637F834" box="[897,1026,1949,1976]" degrees="54" direction="south" minutes="41.6" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="92" value="-54.693333">54° 41.6 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54952BA23FB8346A336A8F83B" box="[1040,1181,1949,1976]" degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="51.1" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="92" value="-34.851665">34° 51.1 W</geoCoordinate>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="A6AE2E3F4952BA23FB2146A337A9F858" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3118649307" collectingDate="2013-05" collectionCode="USNM" country="United Kingdom" elevation="1245" latitude="-37.90075" location="Mar del Plata" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.401516" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 60100" specimenCount="1">
MACN-In 40650 off
<location id="131972B94952BA23FF0446FC3307F858" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E6F95744952BA22FF0444D731A7F8AA:131972B94952BA23FF0446FC3307F858" box="[151,306,1985,2012]" country="United Kingdom" latitude="-37.90075" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.401516" name="Mar del Plata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mar del Plata</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F24952BA23FEA846FF3398F858" box="[315,429,1985,2011]" name="Argentina" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, St. 35 (
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54952BA23FD9946FF3093F858" box="[522,678,1985,2012]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="54.045" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="1" value="-37.90075">37° 54.045 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54952BA23FD2046FF316EF85F" box="[691,859,1985,2012]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="24.091" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="1" value="-54.401516">54° 24.091 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="D13E89874952BA23FCFC46FF31F3F85F" box="[879,966,1985,2012]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2449999999999999" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1245.0">
<elevation id="9DEBC3514952BA23FCFC46FF31F3F85F" box="[879,966,1985,2012]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2449999999999999" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1245.0">1245 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="627802A24952BA23FC4146FC3672F858" box="[978,1095,1985,2012]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2013-05">
<collectingDate id="723CFB4A4952BA23FC4146FC3672F858" box="[978,1095,1985,2012]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2013-05">May 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
; MACN-In 40651 off Mar del
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="A6AE2E3F4953BA22FF0441A93609FF32" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3118649338" box="[151,1084,150,177]" collectingDate="2013-09" country="Argentina" elevation="1398" latitude="-37.828133" location="Plata" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.087265" municipality="St." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1">
<location id="131972B94953BA22FF0441A932E7FF32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E6F95744952BA22FF0444D731A7F8AA:131972B94953BA22FF0441A932E7FF32" box="[151,210,151,177]" country="Argentina" latitude="-37.828133" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.087265" municipality="St." name="Plata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Plata</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F24953BA22FF4D41A93365FF32" box="[222,336,151,177]" name="Argentina" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F61DBE184953BA22FECD41A93348FF32" box="[350,381,151,177]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">St.</collectingMunicipality>
59 (
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54953BA22FE2741A93061FF32" box="[436,596,151,177]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="49.688" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="1" value="-37.828133">37° 49.688 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54953BA22FDF741A83137FF32" box="[612,770,150,177]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="5.236" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="1" value="-54.087265">54° 5.236 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FC8B41A93144FF32" box="[792,881,151,177]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.398" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1398.0">
<elevation id="9DEBC3514953BA22FC8B41A93144FF32" box="[792,881,151,177]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.398" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1398.0">1398 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="627802A24953BA22FC1341A93609FF32" box="[896,1084,151,177]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2013-09">
<collectingDate id="723CFB4A4953BA22FC1341A93609FF32" box="[896,1084,151,177]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2013-09">September 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="A6AE2E3F4953BA22FBD941A931CBFF56" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3118649351" collectingDate="2012-08" country="Argentina" elevation="854" latitude="-37.987633" location="Mar del Plata" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.6906" municipality="St." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1">
MACN-In 42502 off
<location id="131972B94953BA22FAD141A932E7FF56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E6F95744952BA22FF0444D731A7F8AA:131972B94953BA22FAD141A932E7FF56" country="Argentina" latitude="-37.987633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.6906" municipality="St." name="Mar del Plata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mar del Plata</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F24953BA22FF4E4185337AFF56" box="[221,335,187,213]" name="Argentina" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F61DBE184953BA22FEC84185334CFF56" box="[347,377,187,213]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">St.</collectingMunicipality>
11 (
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54953BA22FE3F4185307FFF56" box="[428,586,186,213]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="59.258" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="1" value="-37.987633">37° 59.258 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54953BA22FDC441843135FF56" box="[599,768,186,213]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="41.436" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="1" value="-54.6906">54° 41.436 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FC874184316BFF56" box="[788,862,186,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.54" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="854.0">
<elevation id="9DEBC3514953BA22FC874184316BFF56" box="[788,862,186,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.54" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="854.0">854 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="627802A24953BA22FCF9418531CBFF56" box="[874,1022,187,213]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2012-08">
<collectingDate id="723CFB4A4953BA22FCF9418531CBFF56" box="[874,1022,187,213]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2012-08">August 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="A6AE2E3F4953BA22FB99418531BEFF7A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3118649354" collectingDate="2013-05" country="Argentina" elevation="877" latitude="-37.98517" location="Mar del Plata" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.6856" municipality="St." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1">
MACN-In 42503 off
<location id="131972B94953BA22FB6E418537ADFF56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E6F95744952BA22FF0444D731A7F8AA:131972B94953BA22FB6E418537ADFF56" box="[1277,1432,187,213]" country="Argentina" latitude="-37.98517" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.6856" municipality="St." name="Mar del Plata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mar del Plata</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F24953BA22FF0441E1333CFF7A" box="[151,265,223,249]" name="Argentina" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F61DBE184953BA22FE8741E13306FF7A" box="[276,307,223,249]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">St.</collectingMunicipality>
42 (
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54953BA22FEF741E133C8FF7A" box="[356,509,222,249]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="59.110" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="1" value="-37.98517">37° 59.110 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54953BA22FD9A41E0309AFF7A" box="[521,687,222,249]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="41.136" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="1" value="-54.6856">54° 41.136 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FD5141E1313EFF7A" box="[706,779,223,249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.77" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="877.0">
<elevation id="9DEBC3514953BA22FD5141E1313EFF7A" box="[706,779,223,249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.77" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="877.0">877 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="627802A24953BA22FC8541E131BEFF7A" box="[790,907,223,249]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2013-05">
<collectingDate id="723CFB4A4953BA22FC8541E131BEFF7A" box="[790,907,223,249]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2013-05">May 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="A6AE2E3F4953BA22FC0541E13121FE9E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3118649348" collectingDate="2013-05" country="Argentina" elevation="1275" latitude="-37.997467" location="Mar del Plata" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.403435" municipality="St." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1">
MACN-In 42504 off
<location id="131972B94953BA22FB1741E13728FF7A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E6F95744952BA22FF0444D731A7F8AA:131972B94953BA22FB1741E13728FF7A" box="[1156,1309,223,249]" country="Argentina" latitude="-37.997467" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.403435" municipality="St." name="Mar del Plata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mar del Plata</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F24953BA22FAB541E137ADFF7A" box="[1318,1432,223,249]" name="Argentina" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F61DBE184953BA22FF04403D3283FE9E" box="[151,182,259,285]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">St.</collectingMunicipality>
37 (
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54953BA22FF76403D334BFE9E" box="[229,382,258,285]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="59.848" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="1" value="-37.997467">37° 59.848 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54953BA22FE1A403C301BFE9E" box="[393,558,258,285]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="24.206" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="1" value="-54.403435">54° 24.206 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FDD3403C30A3FE9E" box="[576,662,258,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1275.0">
<elevation id="9DEBC3514953BA22FDD3403C30A3FE9E" box="[576,662,258,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1275.0">1275 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="627802A24953BA22FD33403D3121FE9E" box="[672,788,259,285]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2013-05">
<collectingDate id="723CFB4A4953BA22FD33403D3121FE9E" box="[672,788,259,285]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2013-05">May 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="A6AE2E3F4953BA22FC8C403D30ABFEC2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3118649314" collectingDate="2013-05" country="Argentina" elevation="997" latitude="-38.027184" location="Mar del Plata" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.50458" municipality="St." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1">
MACN-In 42505 off
<location id="131972B94953BA22FB98403D3697FE9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E6F95744952BA22FF0444D731A7F8AA:131972B94953BA22FB98403D3697FE9E" box="[1035,1186,259,285]" country="Argentina" latitude="-38.027184" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.50458" municipality="St." name="Mar del Plata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mar del Plata</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F24953BA22FB39403D3729FE9E" box="[1194,1308,259,285]" name="Argentina" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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<collectingMunicipality id="F61DBE184953BA22FAB5403D3770FE9E" box="[1318,1349,259,285]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">St.</collectingMunicipality>
41 (
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,
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),
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FE424019302EFEC2" box="[465,539,295,321]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.97" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="997.0">
<elevation id="9DEBC3514953BA22FE424019302EFEC2" box="[465,539,295,321]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.97" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="997.0">997 m</elevation>
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,
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;
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MACN-In 42506 off
<location id="131972B94953BA22FC0C4019360EFEC2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E6F95744952BA22FF0444D731A7F8AA:131972B94953BA22FC0C4019360EFEC2" box="[927,1083,295,321]" country="Argentina" latitude="-37.861465" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.175835" municipality="St." name="Mar del Plata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mar del Plata</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F24953BA22FBD54019368DFEC2" box="[1094,1208,295,321]" name="Argentina" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F61DBE184953BA22FB57401936D6FEC2" box="[1220,1251,295,321]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">St.</collectingMunicipality>
25 (
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54953BA22FA844019329DFEE6" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="51,688" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="1" value="-37.861465">37° 51,688 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54953BA22FF2440743357FEE6" box="[183,354,330,357]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="10,550" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="1" value="-54.175835">54° 10,550 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FEEB407433E7FEE6" box="[376,466,330,357]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1950.0">
<elevation id="9DEBC3514953BA22FEEB407433E7FEE6" box="[376,466,330,357]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1950.0">1950 m</elevation>
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,
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<collectingDate id="723CFB4A4953BA22FE4D40753041FEE6" box="[478,628,331,357]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2012-08">August 2012</collectingDate>
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;
<materialsCitation id="A6AE2E3F4953BA22FD1240753055FE0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3118649321" collectingDate="2013-09" country="Argentina" elevation="2204" latitude="-37.914" location="Mar del Plata" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.04117" municipality="St." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1">
MACN-In 42507 off
<location id="131972B94953BA22FCEB40753623FEE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E6F95744952BA22FF0444D731A7F8AA:131972B94953BA22FCEB40753623FEE6" box="[888,1046,331,357]" country="Argentina" latitude="-37.914" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.04117" municipality="St." name="Mar del Plata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mar del Plata</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F24953BA22FBB1407536A1FEE6" box="[1058,1172,331,357]" name="Argentina" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F61DBE184953BA22FB31407536F5FEE6" box="[1186,1216,331,357]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">St.</collectingMunicipality>
56 (
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54953BA22FB64407537A2FEE6" box="[1271,1431,330,357]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="54.840" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="1" value="-37.914">37° 54.840 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54953BA22FF0440503305FE0A" box="[151,304,366,393]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="2.470" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="1" value="-54.04117">54° 2.470 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FED7405133AEFE0A" box="[324,411,367,393]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2039999999999997" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="2204.0">
<elevation id="9DEBC3514953BA22FED7405133AEFE0A" box="[324,411,367,393]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2039999999999997" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="2204.0">2204 m</elevation>
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,
<date id="627802A24953BA22FE3440513055FE0A" box="[423,608,367,393]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2013-09">
<collectingDate id="723CFB4A4953BA22FE3440513055FE0A" box="[423,608,367,393]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2013-09">September 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
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;
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MACN-In 42508 off
<location id="131972B94953BA22FCCF405131C3FE0A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E6F95744952BA22FF0444D731A7F8AA:131972B94953BA22FCCF405131C3FE0A" box="[860,1014,367,393]" country="Argentina" latitude="-37.861668" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.07638" municipality="St." name="Mar del Plata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mar del Plata</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F24953BA22FC6C40513644FE0A" box="[1023,1137,367,393]" name="Argentina" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F61DBE184953BA22FBEF405136AEFE0A" box="[1148,1179,367,393]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">St.</collectingMunicipality>
60 (
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54953BA22FB5E4051375DFE0A" box="[1229,1384,366,393]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="51.700" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="1" value="-37.861668">37° 51.700 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54953BA22FAE640503337FE2E" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="4.583" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="1" value="-54.07638">54° 4.583 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FE8540AC3358FE2E" box="[278,365,402,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.584" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1584.0">
<elevation id="9DEBC3514953BA22FE8540AC3358FE2E" box="[278,365,402,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.584" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1584.0">1584 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="627802A24953BA22FEEB40AD3006FE2E" box="[376,563,403,429]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2013-09">
<collectingDate id="723CFB4A4953BA22FEEB40AD3006FE2E" box="[376,563,403,429]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2013-09">September 2013</collectingDate>
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EDC77E94953BA22FF54408832DEFAB2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="167924624953BA22FF5440883008FD4E" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1833]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="24B2F8704953BA22FF544088336CFE53" bold="true" box="[199,345,438,464]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Description.</emphasis>
Colonies robust and large. Uniplanar growth, although some deviations from main plane may occur. Branching dichotomous with ocassional anastomosis. Initial growth form is a branchless column. First dichotomous division occurs at around
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FDF240C030AEFD9A" box="[609,667,510,537]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
height. Branches round to slightly elliptical in cross section, with larger axis generally parallel to plane of growth. Largest basal fragment 3.2 x 3.0 cm wide in cross section, whereas thinnest branches may measure only
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FDA443793049FDE2" box="[567,636,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
. Branches round-tipped so that at an incipient dichotomic division new ones resemble lobes (
<figureCitation id="8EFD38E74953BA22FE1E435533C5FD06" box="[397,496,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-26@22.[151,1435,181,1774]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 12. (a) Terminal fragments of Sporadopora dichotoma. (b) Colony of Errinopsis reticulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751303/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 12a</figureCitation>
). No lateral branchlets, only apical division, so decrease in diameter from main to secondary branches is gradual. Some colonies grow attached to small rocks through non-expansive base and new coenosteum may form over dead one.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="167924624953BA22FF5443E93001FCBA" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1833]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Branches smooth and spineless, although some specimens may bear a more granulate apical zone. Coenosteum white and porous, with a rudimentary texture under SEM. Coenosteal strips
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FB8443C436BBFC96" box="[1047,1166,762,789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="25.0">2560 µm</quantity>
wide, lack granules or platelets, and form reticulate pattern.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="167924624953BA22FF54427D3392FBFE" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1833]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Pores of two kinds: round ones and irregularly-shaped ones. Larger round pores are gastropores and smaller ones are dactylopores (
<figureCitation id="8EFD38E74953BA22FE0942593020FC02" box="[410,533,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-26@30.[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 17. Sporadopora dichotoma. (a) Branch cross section displaying ampullae cavities and gastro- and dactylopore tubes. (b) Branch longitudinal section displaying curvature of gastro- and dactylopore tubes. (c) Ampulla with efferent duct (left side) and gastropore tube (centre). (d) Gastrostyle. (e) Coenosteal texture and gastro- and dactylopores. (f) Efferent pore seen from interior of ampulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751315/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 17e, c</figureCitation>
). Irregular pores are the openings of efferent ducts, variable in size (
<figureCitation id="8EFD38E74953BA22FA84425937BBFC02" box="[1303,1422,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-26@30.[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 17. Sporadopora dichotoma. (a) Branch cross section displaying ampullae cavities and gastro- and dactylopore tubes. (b) Branch longitudinal section displaying curvature of gastro- and dactylopore tubes. (c) Ampulla with efferent duct (left side) and gastropore tube (centre). (d) Gastrostyle. (e) Coenosteal texture and gastro- and dactylopores. (f) Efferent pore seen from interior of ampulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751315/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 17f, c</figureCitation>
). All
<typeStatus id="C97D9AC04953BA22FF5142B532C8FC26" box="[194,253,907,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">types</typeStatus>
of pores uniformly distributed on surface of terminal branches, but in thicker branches pores concentrate on anterior face, and in basal branches a considerable section of basal zone may lack pores entirely. Gastropores
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FF0442ED330CFC6E" box="[151,313,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.46" valueMax="0.66" valueMin="0.26">0.260.66 mm</quantity>
in diameter (average
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FDBA42ED30BBFC6E" box="[553,654,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.49">0.49 mm</quantity>
, n=46, σ=0.09). Gastropore tubes cylindrical, long and axial and curve towards surface of coenosteum in upper section (
<figureCitation id="8EFD38E74953BA22FD5542C9311CFB91" box="[710,809,1015,1042]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-26@30.[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 17. Sporadopora dichotoma. (a) Branch cross section displaying ampullae cavities and gastro- and dactylopore tubes. (b) Branch longitudinal section displaying curvature of gastro- and dactylopore tubes. (c) Ampulla with efferent duct (left side) and gastropore tube (centre). (d) Gastrostyle. (e) Coenosteal texture and gastro- and dactylopores. (f) Efferent pore seen from interior of ampulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751315/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 17b</figureCitation>
). Dactylopores
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FC4F42C936B4FB92" box="[988,1153,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.195" valueMax="0.23" valueMin="0.16">0.160.23 mm</quantity>
wide (average
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FAA342C937ADFB92" box="[1328,1432,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.19">0.19 mm</quantity>
, n=31, σ=0.01). Dactylopore tubes long and axial and curve towards surface like gastropore tubes. Dactylopores slightly raised from surface in apical zone of some specimens, resulting in a rough surface of coenosteum. No tabulae or dactylostyles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="167924624953BA22FF5445B93161FB46" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1833]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Gastrostyles needle-shaped and almost as long as tube. Gastrostyle illustrated in
<figureCitation id="8EFD38E74953BA22FBC945B9368CFB22" box="[1114,1209,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-26@30.[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 17. Sporadopora dichotoma. (a) Branch cross section displaying ampullae cavities and gastro- and dactylopore tubes. (b) Branch longitudinal section displaying curvature of gastro- and dactylopore tubes. (c) Ampulla with efferent duct (left side) and gastropore tube (centre). (d) Gastrostyle. (e) Coenosteal texture and gastro- and dactylopores. (f) Efferent pore seen from interior of ampulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751315/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 17d</figureCitation>
is
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FB4845B93707FB22" box="[1243,1330,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
high and bears longitudinal ridges of short spines fused with each other.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="167924624953BA22FF5445F132DEFAB2" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1833]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Ampullae elliptical and completely sunken in coenosteum, with larger axis perpendicular to surface (
<figureCitation id="8EFD38E74953BA22FABC45F137BAFB6A" box="[1327,1423,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-26@30.[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 17. Sporadopora dichotoma. (a) Branch cross section displaying ampullae cavities and gastro- and dactylopore tubes. (b) Branch longitudinal section displaying curvature of gastro- and dactylopore tubes. (c) Ampulla with efferent duct (left side) and gastropore tube (centre). (d) Gastrostyle. (e) Coenosteal texture and gastro- and dactylopores. (f) Efferent pore seen from interior of ampulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751315/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 17a</figureCitation>
). They may measure up to
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FE3F45CD3034FA8E" box="[428,513,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
x 1.0 mm. Given the size of ampullae and of efferent pores, specimens are probably female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EDC77E94953BA22FF54440431A7F8AA" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="167924624953BA22FF5444043609F9AE" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1833]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="24B2F8704953BA22FF5444043379FAD7" bold="true" box="[199,332,1338,1364]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Discussion.</emphasis>
Genus
<taxonomicName id="D1C65FE14953BA22FE3144053003FAD6" authorityName="Moseley" authorityYear="1879" box="[418,566,1339,1365]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Sporadopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24B2F8704953BA22FE3144053003FAD6" box="[418,566,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sporadopora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described by
<bibRefCitation id="725759934953BA22FCEB4405361FFAD5" author="Moseley, H. N." box="[888,1066,1339,1366]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="93 - 101" refId="ref31274" refString="Moseley, H. N. (1876) Preliminary note on the structure of the Stylasteridae, a group of stony corals which, like the Milleporidae, are hydroids, and not anthozoans. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 25, 93 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspl. 1876.0021." type="journal article" year="1876">Moseley (1876)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="D1C65FE14953BA22FBDC44053682FAD6" box="[1103,1207,1339,1365]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Fenestellidae" genus="Polypora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fenestrida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24B2F8704953BA22FBDC44053682FAD6" box="[1103,1207,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Polypora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on specimens collected off Mar del Plata in the
<emphasis id="24B2F8704953BA22FD80446130A4FAFA" box="[531,657,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Challenger</emphasis>
expedition, but
<bibRefCitation id="725759934953BA22FCDA446131CEFAFA" author="Moseley, H. N." box="[841,1019,1375,1401]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="425 - 503" refId="ref31337" refString="Moseley, H. N. 1879 (1878) On the structure of the Stylasteridae, a family of the hydroid stony corals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 169, 425 - 503. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstl. 1878.0014." type="journal article" year="1879">Moseley (1879)</bibRefCitation>
replaced this name by
<taxonomicName id="D1C65FE14953BA22FA92446137A0FAFA" authorityName="Moseley" authorityYear="1879" box="[1281,1429,1375,1401]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Sporadopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24B2F8704953BA22FA92446137A0FAFA" box="[1281,1429,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sporadopora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, since
<taxonomicName id="D1C65FE14953BA22FF4444BD330AFA1E" box="[215,319,1411,1437]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Fenestellidae" genus="Polypora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fenestrida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24B2F8704953BA22FF4444BD330AFA1E" box="[215,319,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Polypora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was preoccupied for a genus of bryozoans.
<bibRefCitation id="725759934953BA22FCB144BD31FDFA1E" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[802,968,1411,1437]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="61 - 164" refId="ref29674" refString="Cairns, S. D. (1983 a) Antarctic and Subantarctic Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Biology of the Antarctic Seas XIII. Antarctic Research Series, 38 (2), 61 - 164." type="journal article" year="1983">Cairns (1983a)</bibRefCitation>
provided the second record of this species based on specimens from Mavinas Islands, Scotia Arc from Tierra del Fuego to
<collectingCountry id="6ED164F24953BA22FB9B4499369FFA42" box="[1032,1194,1447,1473]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
and Shetland Islands. The next record is from
<bibRefCitation id="725759934953BA22FE3F44F530F3FA66" author="Rio Iglesias, J. L. &amp; Acosta &amp; Yepes J. &amp; Cristobo Rodriguez, J. &amp; Martinez Portela, J. &amp; Parra Descalzo, S. &amp; Tel E. &amp; Vinas Dieguez, L. &amp; Munoz Recio, A. &amp; Vilela Perez, R. &amp; Jimenez, E. E. &amp; Ibarrola, T. P. &amp; Rios Lopez, P. &amp; Almon Pazos, B. &amp; Blanco Perez, R. &amp; Murillo Perez, J. &amp; Polonio Povedano, V. &amp; Fernandez Feijoo, J. &amp; Cabanas, J. M. &amp; Gago Pineiro, J. M. &amp; Gonzalez-Nuevo Gonzales, G. &amp; Cabrero Rodriguez, A. &amp; Besada Montenegro, M. V. &amp; Schultze Prado, F. &amp; Franco Hernandez, A. &amp; Bargiela Barros, J. &amp; Garcia Blanco, X." box="[428,710,1483,1509]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref32029" refString="Rio Iglesias, J. L., Acosta, Yepes J., Cristobo Rodriguez, J., Martinez Portela, J., Parra Descalzo, S., Tel E., Vinas Dieguez, L., Munoz Recio, A., Vilela Perez, R., Jimenez, E. E., Ibarrola, T. P., Rios Lopez, P., Almon Pazos, B., Blanco Perez, R., Murillo Perez, J., Polonio Povedano, V., Fernandez Feijoo, J., Cabanas, J. M., Gago Pineiro, J. M., Gonzalez-Nuevo Gonzales, G., Cabrero Rodriguez, A., Besada Montenegro, M. V., Schultze Prado, F., Franco Hernandez, A., Bargiela Barros, J. &amp; Garcia Blanco, X. (2012) Estudio de los ecosistemas marinos vulnerables en aguas internacionales del Atlantico sudoccidental. Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia. Temas de Oceanografia 6, Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, 283 pp." type="book" year="2012">
Río Iglesias
<emphasis id="24B2F8704953BA22FDA944F53059FA66" box="[570,620,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
. (2012)
</bibRefCitation>
based on specimens from Patagonia from
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54953BA22FB3A44F536DDFA66" box="[1193,1256,1483,1509]" degrees="42" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="55555" value="-42.0">42° S</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate id="73F242A54953BA22FA9D44F53778FA66" box="[1294,1357,1483,1509]" degrees="48" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="55555" value="-48.0">48° S</geoCoordinate>
within a depth range of
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FEF344D033C5F98A" box="[352,496,1518,1545]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="850.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="200.0">2001500 m</quantity>
(specific depth not informed). The present work provides the fourth record of
<taxonomicName id="D1C65FE14953BA22FA1444D13338F9AE" authorityName=": Moseley" authorityYear="1879" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Sporadopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="24B2F8704953BA22FA1444D13338F9AE" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and extends its known bathymetric range of occurence to
<quantity id="D13E89874953BA22FC08472D31C5F9AE" box="[923,1008,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2039999999999997" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="2204.0">2204 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="167924624953BA22FF54470931A7F8AA" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1833]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Dactylopore size range of our specimens is higher than that reported by
<bibRefCitation id="725759934953BA22FC4647093648F9D2" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[981,1149,1591,1617]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="61 - 164" refId="ref29674" refString="Cairns, S. D. (1983 a) Antarctic and Subantarctic Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Biology of the Antarctic Seas XIII. Antarctic Research Series, 38 (2), 61 - 164." type="journal article" year="1983">Cairns (1983a)</bibRefCitation>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="725759934953BA22FB64470937A9F9D2" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[1271,1436,1591,1617]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="61 - 164" refId="ref29674" refString="Cairns, S. D. (1983 a) Antarctic and Subantarctic Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Biology of the Antarctic Seas XIII. Antarctic Research Series, 38 (2), 61 - 164." type="journal article" year="1983">Cairns (1983a)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the upper limit of dactylopore size range is unknown and that it may overlap with that of gastropores. Tabulae were not found along the examined gastropore tubes, contrary to what
<bibRefCitation id="725759934953BA22FB8D474136F2F91A" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[1054,1223,1663,1689]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="61 - 164" refId="ref29674" refString="Cairns, S. D. (1983 a) Antarctic and Subantarctic Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Biology of the Antarctic Seas XIII. Antarctic Research Series, 38 (2), 61 - 164." type="journal article" year="1983">Cairns (1983a)</bibRefCitation>
described in some cases. It is probably necessary to examine more material and to use an alternative method of wearing down the gastropore tube wall, since sandpaper may have caused tabulae to dissapear in the examined fragments. Despite these differences, specimens coincide with
<taxonomicName id="D1C65FE14953BA22FDE947D53139F886" authorityName=": Moseley" authorityYear="1879" box="[634,780,1771,1797]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Sporadopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="24B2F8704953BA22FDE947D53139F886" box="[634,780,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in growth form, coenosteal texture, pore
<typeStatus id="C97D9AC04953BA22FB4947D53720F886" box="[1242,1301,1771,1797]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">types</typeStatus>
and shapes, gastropore and dactylopore tube shape and ampullae characteristics.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>