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<document id="17A22D9FDE990F6A4AE6C99994D336B0" ID-CLB-Dataset="26878" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1f07f070-4f3c-4933-b6f9-03322904cf51" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2682450" ID-ZooBank="E81C2398-1127-4619-B93B-1F3231780DC9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1557389243937" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kopylov, Dmitry S." docDate="2019" docId="9E2916470527B06016F9FCD801017B10" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4603.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4603 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parasyntexis Kopylov 2019, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="346" masterDocId="62106E3F0522B065166EFFD404327C4E" masterDocTitle="New anaxyelids (Hymenoptera: Anaxyelidae) from the Cretaceous of Asia" masterLastPageNumber="353" masterPageNumber="341" pageNumber="346" updateTime="1698726821411" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DE9D8668893F0DADB0EB564B2B214947">New anaxyelids (Hymenoptera: Anaxyelidae) from the Cretaceous of Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9444B5260AED588C491692DAAC3DEAE0">Kopylov, Dmitry S.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="9E2916470527B06016F9FCD801017B10" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5930187" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157078458" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5930187" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E2916470527B06016F9FCD801017B10" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E2916470527B06016F9FCD801017B10" lastPageNumber="346" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">
<subSubSection id="5E9AF4DA0527B06016F9FCD806477F68" box="[151,629,780,806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="163FA7510527B06016F9FCD806477F68" blockId="5.[151,629,780,806]" box="[151,629,780,806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">
<heading id="4D77103D0527B06016F9FCD806477F68" bold="true" box="[151,629,780,806]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" reason="1">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B06016F9FCD806477F68" bold="true" box="[151,629,780,806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B0601680FCD805C97F68" authority="Kopylov" authorityName="Kopylov" authorityYear="2019" box="[238,507,780,806]" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Parasyntexis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B0601680FCD805BB7F68" bold="true" box="[238,393,780,806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Parasyntexis</emphasis>
Kopylov
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FC7C6380527B0601466FCD806477F68" box="[520,629,780,806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E9AF4DA0527B06016F9FC8000D87F20" box="[151,1258,851,879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="163FA7510527B06016F9FC8000D87F20" blockId="5.[151,1437,851,1887]" box="[151,1258,851,879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B06016F9FC80052C7F20" bold="true" box="[151,286,852,878]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Etymology.</emphasis>
From Greek para—close and generic name
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B0601563FC80003F7F20" authority="Benson, 1935" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1935" box="[781,1037,851,879]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hyponectriaceae" genus="Syntexis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B0601563FC80075B7F20" box="[781,873,852,878]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Syntexis</emphasis>
Benson, 1935
</taxonomicName>
. Gender masculine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E9AF4DA0527B06016A9FCAC06557FF8" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="163FA7510527B06016A9FCAC06437FDC" blockId="5.[151,1437,851,1887]" box="[199,625,887,914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B06016A9FCAC05507FDC" bold="true" box="[199,354,887,914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">
<typeStatus id="C93B19F30527B06016A9FCAC05307FDC" box="[199,258,888,914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B0601707FCAD06237FDC" authority="Kopylov, 2019" authorityName="Kopylov" authorityYear="2019" box="[361,529,888,914]" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Parasyntexis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khasurtensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B0601707FCAD06237FDC" box="[361,529,888,914]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">P. khasurtensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FC7C6380527B0601476FCAC06437FDC" box="[536,625,888,914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" rank="species">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B0601476FCAC06437FDC" bold="true" box="[536,625,888,914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="163FA7510527B06016A9FC4F06557FF8" blockId="5.[151,1437,851,1887]" box="[199,615,923,951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B06016A9FC4F05A17FF8" bold="true" box="[199,403,923,950]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Species included.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="C93B19F30527B06017F7FC4905E37FF9" box="[409,465,925,951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Type</typeStatus>
species only.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E9AF4DA0527B06016A9FC6B00F27F95" box="[199,1216,959,987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="163FA7510527B06016A9FC6B00F27F95" blockId="5.[151,1437,851,1887]" box="[199,1216,959,987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B06016A9FC6B05537F94" bold="true" box="[199,353,959,986]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Distribution.</emphasis>
Lower Cretaceous of Transbaikalia, and, probably, North
<collectingCountry id="6E97E7C10527B0601583FC1400027F94" box="[1005,1072,960,986]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">China</collectingCountry>
(see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E9AF4DA0527B06016A9FC3707087950" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="163FA7510527B06016A9FC37055778C0" blockId="5.[151,1437,851,1887]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B06016A9FC3705707FB0" bold="true" box="[199,322,995,1022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Fore wing with costal area wide; pterostigma short and narrow; 1-R1 longer than pterostigma; both 1r-rs and 2r-rs developed, 1r-rs longer than 2r-rs; cell 2r wider than pterostigma; cell 3r significantly longer than pterostigma; Rs+M furcating after 1m-cu, 2Rs+M present, cell 1mcu pentagonal. Hind wing with cell r closed, Rs completely tubular; free endings of M, Cu, A developed; m-cu present. Ovipositor protruding beyond abdominal apex significantly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="163FA7510527B06016A9FB4307087950" blockId="5.[151,1437,851,1887]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B06016A9FB43055078FC" bold="true" box="[199,354,1175,1202]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Comparison.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B0601707FB4D05C878FC" box="[361,506,1177,1202]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Parasyntexis</emphasis>
differs from other genera in having narrow pterostigma and long 1-R
<quantity id="D1780AB40527B0601291FB4C011878FC" box="[1279,1322,1176,1202]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
fore wing and large body size. By the presence of 1r-rs, shape of cells 2r, 3r, 1mcu in fore wing, long ovipositor the new genus is the closest to recent genus
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B0601785FB34067578B4" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1935" box="[491,583,1248,1274]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hyponectriaceae" genus="Syntexis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B0601785FB34067578B4" box="[491,583,1248,1274]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Syntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from it significantly in hind wing venation: presence of m-cu, tubular Rs and well developed free endings of M, Cu and A.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E9AF4DA0527B06016A9FAFC01017B10" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="163FA7510527B06016A9FAFC06A779E0" blockId="5.[151,1437,851,1887]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B06016A9FAFC0509790C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1320,1346]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Remarks.</emphasis>
A few specimens of
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B060144DFAFC0683790C" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1925" box="[547,689,1320,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anaxyelidae</taxonomicName>
belonging, obviously, to this genus, were noticed in Yixian collections of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology (NIGP): NNDL-0001, NNDL-0030, NNY-0095. The very similar specimen was also found in Baissa (PIN 4210/1834,
<figureCitation id="8EBBBBD40527B060152EFAA407A579C4" box="[832,919,1392,1418]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1270,1295]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,464,1242]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[154,1439,464,1243]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. A—Brachysyntexis? sp., specimen PIN 3064/1939, Baissa, Russia, Lower Cretaceous; B—Parasyntexis sp., specimen PIN 4210/1843, Baissa, Russia, Lower Cretaceous; C—Dolichostigma tenuipes Rasnitsyn, 1968, specimen PIN 3064/1937, Baissa, Russia, Lower Cretaceous; D—Anaxyelidae subfam. indet., specimen PIN 923/728, Kempendyay, Russia, Lower Cretaceous or Upper Jurassic. Scale bars 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2682456/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
), but the wings of that specimen are damaged badly and specific description is not possible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="163FA7510527B06016A9FA6D06187A2C" blockId="5.[151,1437,851,1887]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">
By the fore wing venation
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B060179FFA6D06B0799C" box="[497,642,1465,1490]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Parasyntexis</emphasis>
is closer to recent genus
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B06015F4FA6C07C4799C" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1935" box="[922,1014,1464,1490]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hyponectriaceae" genus="Syntexis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B06015F4FA6C07C4799C" box="[922,1014,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Syntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to previously known Cretaceous genera
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B0601685FA09055179B8" authorityName="Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1990" box="[235,355,1501,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Eosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B0601685FA09055179B8" box="[235,355,1501,1526]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Eosyntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B06017F2FA09060179B9" authorityName="Rasnitsyn et Martinez-Delclos" authorityYear="2000" box="[412,563,1501,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Cretosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B06017F2FA09060179B9" box="[412,563,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Cretosyntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However the presence of a sawfly with that
<typeStatus id="C93B19F30527B0601251FA09005D79B9" box="[1087,1135,1501,1527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">type</typeStatus>
of venation in Cretaceous doesnt seems surprisingly. Fore wing venation of
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B06014A8F9D5070C7A54" authorityName="Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1990" box="[710,830,1537,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Eosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B06014A8F9D5070C7A54" box="[710,830,1537,1562]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Eosyntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B060151DF9D500387A55" authorityName="Rasnitsyn et Martinez-Delclos" authorityYear="2000" box="[883,1034,1537,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Cretosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B060151DF9D500387A55" box="[883,1034,1537,1563]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Cretosyntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
looks apomorphic relatively to
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B0601304F9D404F87A70" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1935" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hyponectriaceae" genus="Syntexis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B0601304F9D404F87A70" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Syntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. So the
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B0601748F9F005B07A70" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1935" box="[294,386,1572,1598]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hyponectriaceae" genus="Syntexis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B0601748F9F005B07A70" box="[294,386,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Syntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="C93B19F30527B06017E7F9F1058B7A71" box="[393,441,1573,1599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">type</typeStatus>
venation was expected in Mesozoic. Moreover, two new genera of
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B06012C0F9F001187A70" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1935" box="[1198,1322,1572,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Syntexinae">Syntexinae</taxonomicName>
described below have 1r-rs developed as well.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="163FA7510527B06016A9F9B801017B10" blockId="5.[151,1437,851,1887]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">
Unfortunately, there is almost no data on hind wing venation for Mesozoic syntexines
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B06012ECF9B900C87AC8" authorityName="Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1990" box="[1154,1274,1645,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Eosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B06012ECF9B900C87AC8" box="[1154,1274,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Eosyntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B0601341F9B904F87AE4" authorityName="Rasnitsyn et Martinez-Delclos" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Cretosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B0601341F9B904F87AE4" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Cretosyntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The only Cretaceous species with hind wing preserved was
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B060151CF94500A57AE4" authority="Rasnitsyn, 1990" authorityName="Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1990" box="[882,1175,1680,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Eosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="senilis">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B060151CF94507EB7AE4" box="[882,985,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">E. senilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7211DAA00527B060158EF94400A57AE4" author="Rasnitsyn, A. P." box="[992,1175,1680,1706]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" pagination="177 - 205" refId="ref8891" refString="Rasnitsyn, A. P. (1990) Hymenoptera = Vespida. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P. (Ed.), PoZdнi-мiZoZoйсKii нaсiKoмыi Voсtocнogo ZabaйKoЛЬЯ [Late Mesozoic insects of Eastern Transbaikalia]. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 177 - 205. [in Russian, Proceedings of the Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences USSR, 239]" type="journal article" year="1990">Rasnitsyn, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Anyway, its hind wing was badly distorted. It was possible to conclude that hind wing venation of
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B06015B6F961000C7A80" authorityName="Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1990" box="[984,1086,1716,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Eosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="senilis">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B06015B6F961000C7A80" box="[984,1086,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">E. senilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more complete comparatively to
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B06016A1F90C05197ABC" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1935" box="[207,299,1752,1778]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hyponectriaceae" genus="Syntexis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B06016A1F90C05197ABC" box="[207,299,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Syntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the details of venation was lost (
<bibRefCitation id="7211DAA00527B06014ABF90C07467ABC" author="Rasnitsyn, A. P." box="[709,884,1752,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" pagination="177 - 205" refId="ref8891" refString="Rasnitsyn, A. P. (1990) Hymenoptera = Vespida. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P. (Ed.), PoZdнi-мiZoZoйсKii нaсiKoмыi Voсtocнogo ZabaйKoЛЬЯ [Late Mesozoic insects of Eastern Transbaikalia]. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 177 - 205. [in Russian, Proceedings of the Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences USSR, 239]" type="journal article" year="1990">Rasnitsyn 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7211DAA00527B0601511F90C00967ABC" author="Ortega-Blanco, J. &amp; Rasnitsyn, A. P. &amp; Delclos, X." box="[895,1188,1752,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" pagination="39 - 50" refId="ref8669" refString="Ortega-Blanco, J., Rasnitsyn, A. P. &amp; Delclos, X. (2008) First record of anaxyelid woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Anaxyelidae) in Lower Cretaceous Spanish amber. Zootaxa, 1937, 39 - 50." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ortega-Blanco
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B0601244F90D00537ABC" box="[1066,1121,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B06012DBF90D01697ABC" authorityName="Kopylov" authorityYear="2019" box="[1205,1371,1752,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Parasyntexis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khasurtensis">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B06012DBF90D01697ABC" box="[1205,1371,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">P. khasurtensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the first Cretaceous syntexine with well-preserved hind wing. The hind wing of
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B0601583F929004C7B58" box="[1005,1150,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Parasyntexis</emphasis>
is much more plesiomorphic than hind wing of
<taxonomicName id="D180DCD20527B06017F0F8F405C87B74" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1935" box="[414,506,1824,1850]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hyponectriaceae" genus="Syntexis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F47B430527B06017F0F8F405C87B74" box="[414,506,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Syntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: cell r is closed, Rs is completely tubular, free endings of M, Cu and A developed, m-cu present. The not described Yixian specimens mentioned above have the similar hind wing venation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>