treatments-xml/data/4A/00/3B/4A003BFDC6F153899D4C5016C24D110F.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.94938" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2367-5365-45-315" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E5B91E93DB905CFF93FE3F2EDFC544D4" ID-ZooBank="A8BBBDA3D0C048B2B8C469E37531B762" ModsDocID="2367-5365-45-315" checkinTime="1669268527460" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mally, Richard, Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Lees, David C. &amp; Malm, Tobias" docDate="2022" docId="4A003BFDC6F153899D4C5016C24D110F" docLanguage="en" docName="NotaLepidopt 45: 315-353" docOrigin="Nota Lepidopterologica 45" docPubDate="2022-11-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.94938" docTitle="Lirabotys infuscalis Mally &amp; Aarvik &amp; Karisch &amp; Lees &amp; Malm 2022, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="E5B91E93DB905CFF93FE3F2EDFC544D4" lastPageNumber="315" masterDocId="E5B91E93DB905CFF93FE3F2EDFC544D4" masterDocTitle="Revision of Afrotropical Udea Guenee in Duponchel, 1845, with description of five new species of the U. ferrugalis (Huebner, 1796) group (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae)" masterLastPageNumber="353" masterPageNumber="315" pageNumber="315" updateTime="1669268829441" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Revision of Afrotropical Udea Guenee in Duponchel, 1845, with description of five new species of the U. ferrugalis (Huebner, 1796) group (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mally, Richard</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5996-9471</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Forest Protection and Entomology, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic; mally @ fld. czu. cz</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mally@fld.czu.cz</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Aarvik, Leif</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0112-8837</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; leif. aarvik @ nhm. uio. no</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Karisch, Timm</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museum fuer Naturkunde und Vorgeschichte, Dessau, Germany; Timm. Karisch @ naturkunde. dessau. de</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lees, David C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7580-8560</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Insects Division, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW 7 5 BD, London, UK; david. lees @ nhm. ac. uk</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Malm, Tobias</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden; tobias. malm @ nrm. se</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Nota Lepidopterologica</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-11-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>45</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>315</mods:start>
<mods:end>353</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.94938</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.94938</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A003BFDC6F153899D4C5016C24D110F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A003BFDC6F153899D4C5016C24D110F" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName LSID="4A003BFD-C6F1-5389-9D4C-5016C24D110F" authority="(Zeller, 1852)" authorityName="Mally &amp; Aarvik &amp; Karisch &amp; Lees &amp; Malm" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Zeller" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Lirabotys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lirabotys infuscalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infuscalis" status="comb. nov.">Lirabotys infuscalis (Zeller, 1852)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="315">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6–10" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 6 - 10. Adults of Afrotropical Udea species and species removed from Udea. 6. U. nicholsae Mally, sp. nov., a. holotype ♀ (ZSM); b. paratype ♀ (ZSM); 7. U. meruensis Mally, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (NHMO); 8. U. namaquana Karisch &amp; Mally, sp. nov., a) holotype ♂ (SDEI), b) paratype ♀ (SDEI); 9. Achyra melanostictalis (Hampson in Poulton 1916), lectotype ♀ (OUMNH); 10. Lirabotys infuscalis (Zeller, 1852), holotype ♂ (NHRS). Scale bar represents 5 mm, all specimens to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.94938.figures6-10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/773285" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Figs 10</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 11–20" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 11 - 20. Tympanal organs of Afrotropical Udea species and species removed from Udea. 11. U. delineatalis (Walker in Melliss 1875), ♂; 12. U. ferrugalis (Huebner, 1796), ♂; 13. U. hageni Viette, 1952, ♂; 14. U. kirinyaga Mally, sp. nov., ♂; 15. U. momella Mally, sp. nov., ♂; 16. U. nicholsae Mally, sp. nov., ♀; 17. U. meruensis Mally, sp. nov., ♂; 18. U. namaquana Karisch &amp; Mally, sp. nov., ♂; 19. Achyra melanostictalis (Hampson in Poulton 1916), ♀; 20. Lirabotys infuscalis (Zeller, 1852), ♂. Scale bar represents 500 μm, all figures to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.94938.figures11-20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/773286" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">, 20</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 33–34" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 33 - 34. Genitalia of Lirabotys infuscalis. 33 a. male genitalia; 33 b. phallus; 33 c. posterior phallus with cornuti; 34. female genital. Scale bars: 500 μm (33 a, b, 34); 100 μm (33 c)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.94938.figures33-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/773291" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">, 33-34</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mally &amp; Aarvik &amp; Karisch &amp; Lees &amp; Malm" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mally &amp; Aarvik &amp; Karisch &amp; Lees &amp; Malm" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Botys infuscalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infuscalis" status="comb. nov.">Botys infuscalis</taxonomicName>
Zeller, 1852: 41-42. Type locality: South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="South Africa" location="South Africa" specimenCount="♂" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
; [handwritten] &quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Botys" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Botys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
| 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">infusalis</emphasis>
[sic!]&quot;; &quot;Caffra- | ria.&quot;; [handwritten] &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">196</emphasis>
&quot;; [small blue rectangular label without text]; unique specimen identifier NHRS-TOBI000003347; NHRS
</materialsCitation>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Additional material</emphasis>
: 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-02-13" collectorName="A. Hausmann, Barcode, Lep" country="South Africa" elevation="1420" latitude="-25.941113" location="Mogale's Gate Biodiversity Centre" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.646389" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Gauteng">
<collectingCountry name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Gauteng">Gauteng</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A003BFDC6F153899D4C5016C24D110F:2F419FD307A6B86701264C7058A0CC08" country="South Africa" latitude="-25.941113" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.646389" name="Mogale's Gate Biodiversity Centre" stateProvince="Gauteng">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mogale’s">Mogale's</normalizedToken>
Gate Biodiversity Centre
</location>
; 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" unit="m" value="1420.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" unit="m" value="1420.0">1420 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="56.4667" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.941113">25°56.4667'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="38.7833" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="27.646389">27°38.7833'E</geoCoordinate>
; 
<collectingDate value="2012-02-13">13 Feb. 2012</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>A. Hausmann</collectorName>
leg.; DNA 
<collectorName>Barcode</collectorName>
voucher [turquoise label] BC ZSM 
<collectorName>Lep</collectorName>
66598; ZSM
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-02-14" collectorName="Barcode, Lep, Mally" country="South Africa" elevation="1500" latitude="-25.947779" location="Mogale's Gate Biodiversity Centre" longLatPrecision="8" longitude="27.6225" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Gauteng">
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding; 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="56.8667" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.947779">25°56.8667'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="37.35" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="27.6225">27°37.35'E</geoCoordinate>
; 
<collectingDate value="2012-02-14">14 Feb. 2012</collectingDate>
; DNA 
<collectorName>Barcode</collectorName>
voucher [turquoise label] BC ZSM 
<collectorName>Lep</collectorName>
66756; 
<collectorName>Mally</collectorName>
genitalia dissection no. 1067; ZSM
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-02-16" collectorName="Mally" country="South Africa" elevation="1660" latitude="-25.941113" location="Mogale's Gate Biodiversity Centre" longLatPrecision="83" longitude="27.626667" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Gauteng">
<specimenCount type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding; 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" unit="m" value="1660.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" unit="m" value="1660.0">1660 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="56.4667" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.941113">25°56.4667'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="37.6" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="27.626667">27°37.6'E</geoCoordinate>
; 
<collectingDate value="2012-02-16">16 Feb. 2012</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>Mally</collectorName>
genitalia dissection no. 1066; 
<collectorName>Mally</collectorName>
genitalia dissection no. 1068; ZSM
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
Externally, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. infuscalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="infuscalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">L. infuscalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easiest distinguished from Afrotropical 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Udea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by the long, slender forewings and the presence of a frenulum hook in the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="male’s">male's</normalizedToken>
forewing. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mally &amp; Aarvik &amp; Karisch &amp; Lees &amp; Malm" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Zeller" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Lirabotys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lirabotys infuscalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infuscalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Lirabotys infuscalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6–10" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 6 - 10. Adults of Afrotropical Udea species and species removed from Udea. 6. U. nicholsae Mally, sp. nov., a. holotype ♀ (ZSM); b. paratype ♀ (ZSM); 7. U. meruensis Mally, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (NHMO); 8. U. namaquana Karisch &amp; Mally, sp. nov., a) holotype ♂ (SDEI), b) paratype ♀ (SDEI); 9. Achyra melanostictalis (Hampson in Poulton 1916), lectotype ♀ (OUMNH); 10. Lirabotys infuscalis (Zeller, 1852), holotype ♂ (NHRS). Scale bar represents 5 mm, all specimens to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.94938.figures6-10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/773285" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">10</figureCitation>
) differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. liralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="liralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">L. liralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Legrand, 1966), the type species of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Lirabotys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lirabotys" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Lirabotys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Shaffer &amp; Munroe, 2007, and from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. prolausalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="prolausalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">L. prolausalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Walker, 1859) (see e.g. digitised holotype specimen of syn. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Botys longalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Botys longalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1866 at www.oum.ox.ac.uk/collections/irn/ca3358) in the wing maculation: 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. liralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="liralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">L. liralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. prolausalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="prolausalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">L. prolausalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lack the proximal discoidal stigma, the distal discoidal stigma is a narrow arched line, and the postmedial line is traceable from costa to anal margin, and lacks the zigzag cource of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. infuscalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="infuscalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">L. infuscalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It differs from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Legrand" baseAuthorityYear="1966" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Lirabotys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lirabotys liralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Lirabotys liralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the male genitalia (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 33–34" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 33 - 34. Genitalia of Lirabotys infuscalis. 33 a. male genitalia; 33 b. phallus; 33 c. posterior phallus with cornuti; 34. female genital. Scale bars: 500 μm (33 a, b, 34); 100 μm (33 c)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.94938.figures33-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/773291" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">33</figureCitation>
) in the shape of tegumen, sacculus, fibula, valva apex, and juxta, and in the size and number of phallus cornuti; in the female genitalia (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 33–34" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 33 - 34. Genitalia of Lirabotys infuscalis. 33 a. male genitalia; 33 b. phallus; 33 c. posterior phallus with cornuti; 34. female genital. Scale bars: 500 μm (33 a, b, 34); 100 μm (33 c)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.94938.figures33-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/773291" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">34</figureCitation>
) in the shape of the antrum, and the absence of a signum. The genitalia of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. profusalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="profusalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">L. profusalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(or its synonym 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Botys longalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Botys longalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) have not been studied.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.45.94938.figures28-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/773290" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" start="Figures 28–32" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Figures 28-32.</emphasis>
Female genitalia of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Udea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species and species removed from 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Udea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">28.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. delineatalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delineatalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. delineatalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">29.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. ferrugalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. ferrugalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">30.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. nicholsae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicholsae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. nicholsae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mally, sp. nov.; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">31.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. namaquana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namaquana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. namaquana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Karisch &amp; Mally, sp. nov., including 7th abdominal segment; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pionea" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Hampson in Poulton" baseAuthorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Achyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achyra melanostictalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanostictalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Achyra melanostictalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bar represents 500 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, all figures to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Description of adults.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Head</emphasis>
: Haustellum well developed, with cream-coloured scaling at base. Labial palps long, straight anteriad, basal meron and ventral side of second meron cream, rest sandy yellow; length of labial palps identical in both sexes. Maxillary palps well developed and long enough to touch each other at apex, sandy yellow. Frons rounded, sandy yellow to cream-coloured with white lateral margins, especially at antenna bases. Complex eyes large, hemispherical. Antennae cream, ciliae short, about 1/4 of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="antennomeres’">antennomeres'</normalizedToken>
diameter. Ocelli present behind antenna base near compound eye. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Thorax</emphasis>
: Dorsum sandy yellow to cream, venter and legs cream like basal meron of labial palps; midlegs with 1 pair of tibial spurs, hindleg with 2 pairs of tibial spurs. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Wings</emphasis>
: (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6–10" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 6 - 10. Adults of Afrotropical Udea species and species removed from Udea. 6. U. nicholsae Mally, sp. nov., a. holotype ♀ (ZSM); b. paratype ♀ (ZSM); 7. U. meruensis Mally, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (NHMO); 8. U. namaquana Karisch &amp; Mally, sp. nov., a) holotype ♂ (SDEI), b) paratype ♀ (SDEI); 9. Achyra melanostictalis (Hampson in Poulton 1916), lectotype ♀ (OUMNH); 10. Lirabotys infuscalis (Zeller, 1852), holotype ♂ (NHRS). Scale bar represents 5 mm, all specimens to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.94938.figures6-10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/773285" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">10</figureCitation>
) Forewing length 10.5-11.5 mm. Male and female with one frenulum bristle, in male fixed by a frenulum hook. Upper side of forewings orangish, veins in distal part somewhat darker; antemedial line not evident; discoidal stigmata brown, roundish dots, distal stigma about twice as large as proximal one; postmedial line somewhat darker than ground colour, emerging from 3/4 of forewing length, arching towards termen to about the level of discoidal stigmata, then running in a zigzag line towards area below distal discoidal stigma, then fading and not traceable anymore; termen a dashed line the colour of the postmedial line; fringe uniformly pale orangish-beige. Underside of forewings pale orangish, interspersed with brownish scales especially in apex and along costa; maculation matches that of upper side, but more contrasted, brown; termen with black dashed line, more prominent than in upper side; fringe as in upper side. Hindwings on upper side uniformly beige with an orangish hue, basal area darker orangish, veins and intervenal folds brownish, especially towards termen; a very vague postmedial line may be visible in the central part of its course; termen like in forewing but with shorter dashes; fringe like in forewing. Underside of hindwings uniformly beige, interspersed with brownish scales along costal and apico-terminal margins; proximal discoidal stigma as a rounded brown dot the size of the same stigma in the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="forewings’">forewings'</normalizedToken>
upper side; postmedial line more prominent then on upper side, consisting of a sparse line of brownish scales; termen with dashed line matching the pattern on the upper side, as prominent as in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="forewings’">forewings'</normalizedToken>
underside; fringe as in upper side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Dorsum sandy yellow like rest of upper side; venter cream like ventral thorax and basal meron of labial palps. Tympanal organs (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 11–20" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 11 - 20. Tympanal organs of Afrotropical Udea species and species removed from Udea. 11. U. delineatalis (Walker in Melliss 1875), ♂; 12. U. ferrugalis (Huebner, 1796), ♂; 13. U. hageni Viette, 1952, ♂; 14. U. kirinyaga Mally, sp. nov., ♂; 15. U. momella Mally, sp. nov., ♂; 16. U. nicholsae Mally, sp. nov., ♀; 17. U. meruensis Mally, sp. nov., ♂; 18. U. namaquana Karisch &amp; Mally, sp. nov., ♂; 19. Achyra melanostictalis (Hampson in Poulton 1916), ♀; 20. Lirabotys infuscalis (Zeller, 1852), ♂. Scale bar represents 500 μm, all figures to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.94938.figures11-20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/773286" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">20</figureCitation>
) with ovate bullae tympani; fornix tympani projecting ventrad from tympanic frame; very short, broad lobulus; venulae secundae converging in a V-shape at about 80°. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Male genitalia</emphasis>
: (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 33–34" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 33 - 34. Genitalia of Lirabotys infuscalis. 33 a. male genitalia; 33 b. phallus; 33 c. posterior phallus with cornuti; 34. female genital. Scale bars: 500 μm (33 a, b, 34); 100 μm (33 c)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.94938.figures33-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/773291" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">33</figureCitation>
) Uncus head consisting of two sharply separated lateral lobes arching from a bulbous anterior part over uncus apex ventrad into a larger, oval part densely studded with stout bifid chaetae; tegumen long, slightly tapering from connection with vinculum towards uncus, ventral tegumen on each side with a short bullous ventrad protrusion; large oval transtilla arms sparsely studded with chaetae, and without any apparent connection of arms, no transtilla inferior sensu Marion (1954) present; vinculum somewhat rectangular, with a short U-shaped saccus; juxta large, elongate ovate, with a deep U-shaped central recession in its sclerotization, reaching from apex about 70% towards juxta base. Valvae elongate ovate; costa thin at base, widening in basal half of valva; costal margin straight to slightly concave; ventral valva margin with most of basal 2/3 straight, then concavely bending into straight distal 1/3 that leads into evenly rounded valva apex; sacculus large, stretching along basal 40% of ventral valva margin and across half the valva width, dorsal sacculus margin with broad central U-shaped recession in sacculus sclerotization, dorsodistal edge in close association with fibula base. Fibula emerging from oval base situated ventrally of thickened costa, fibula forming a slender, long claw-shaped structure directed ventrad towards distal sacculus end on ventral valva margin, slightly reaching over this margin. Phallus roughly cylindrical, slightly bent dorsad, apodeme evenly sclerotised, thinnest directly posterior of Ductus seminalis; no phallus coecum present. Vesica with large cluster of small needle-like cornute, posterior to these (in uneverted vesical) a granulose area of minute short teeth. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Female genitalia</emphasis>
: (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 33–34" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 33 - 34. Genitalia of Lirabotys infuscalis. 33 a. male genitalia; 33 b. phallus; 33 c. posterior phallus with cornuti; 34. female genital. Scale bars: 500 μm (33 a, b, 34); 100 μm (33 c)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.94938.figures33-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/773291" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">34</figureCitation>
) Papillae anales simple, with long chaetae. Apophyses posteriores slender, with a slight central angle bending distal half dorsad; apophyses anteriores about twice as long as apophyses posteriores, more or less straight, somewhat thicker, widest at 1/3 length from base. Antrum simple, membranous with a fine granulose texture, broadly funnel-shaped. Colliculum tubular, short, as long as broad, sclerotised except for a broad longitudinal membranous dorsal strip. Ductus bursae long, membranous, short posterior thin section between colliculum and ductus ejaculatorius somewhat wrinkled, ductus continuously broadening into corpus bursae without clear distinction between ductus and corpus bursae. Ductus ejaculatorius attached close to colliculum, membranous. Corpus bursae large, ovate, membranous, without signum or any other sclerotisation. Appendix bursae absent.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.45.94938.figures33-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/773291" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" start="Figures 33–34" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Figures 33-34.</emphasis>
Genitalia of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mally &amp; Aarvik &amp; Karisch &amp; Lees &amp; Malm" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Zeller" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Lirabotys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lirabotys infuscalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infuscalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Lirabotys infuscalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">33a.</emphasis>
male genitalia; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">33b.</emphasis>
phallus; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">33c.</emphasis>
posterior phallus with cornuti; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">34.</emphasis>
female genital. Scale bars: 500 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">33a, b, 34</emphasis>
); 100 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">33c</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
So far only known from South Africa, where it is recorded in the KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng provinces (
<bibRefCitation author="Zeller, PC" journalOrPublisher="List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34531643page/7/mode/1up" refId="B79" refString="Zeller, PC, 1852. Lepidoptera Microptera, quae J. A. Wahlberg in Caffrorum terra collegit. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 40 (series 3): 1-120. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34531643page/7/mode/1up" title="Lepidoptera Microptera, quae J. A. Wahlberg in Caffrorum terra collegit. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 40 (series 3): 1 - 120." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34531643page/7/mode/1up" year="1852">Zeller 1852</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939808677946" author="Hampson, GF" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" refId="B20" refString="Hampson, GF, 1898. On a collection of Heterocera made in the Transvaal. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology (ser. 7) 1: 158-164. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939808677946" title="On a collection of Heterocera made in the Transvaal. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology (ser. 7) 1: 158 - 164." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939808677946" year="1898">Hampson 1898</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="genetic data">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Genetic data.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
DNA Barcode BIN BOLD:ABW0593. All COI sequences available on BOLD have the identical nucleotide sequence, and this sequence was used as consensus sequence for the phylogenetic analyses. In the BOLD identification tool, the DNA Barcode of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. infuscalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="infuscalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">L. infuscalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had the closest match with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Agrotera" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agrotera discinotata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discinotata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Agrotera discinotata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Swinhoe, 1894, with a sequence similarity of 92.38% (after a pierid butterfly identified as 
<taxonomicName authority="ela" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Moschoneura" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Moschoneura ela subsp. ela" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ela" subSpecies="ela">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Moschoneura ela ela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 92.83% similarity; the last sequence [MT787484] is packed with 
<normalizedToken originalValue="N’s">N's</normalizedToken>
and should ideally be removed from the BOLD database as uninformative).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
The holotype of this species is also illustrated on the website of the NHRS (http://www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/i/botys_infuscalis.html). We place this species in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Lirabotys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lirabotys" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Lirabotys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on several similarities between 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mally &amp; Aarvik &amp; Karisch &amp; Lees &amp; Malm" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mally &amp; Aarvik &amp; Karisch &amp; Lees &amp; Malm" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Botys infuscalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infuscalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Botys infuscalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Legrand" baseAuthorityYear="1966" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Lirabotys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lirabotys liralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Lirabotys liralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Legrand, 1966), the generic type species (see 
<bibRefCitation author="Shaffer, JC" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" refId="B60" refString="Shaffer, JC, Munroe, EG, 2007. Crambidae of Aldabra Atoll (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea). Tropical Lepidoptera 14[2003](1-2): 1-110." title="Crambidae of Aldabra Atoll (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea). Tropical Lepidoptera 14 [2003] (1 - 2): 1 - 110." year="2007">Shaffer and Munroe 2007</bibRefCitation>
): both share a similar wing shape and maculation, the male bears a frenulum hook, and in the male genitalia, the uncus head consists of two lateral lobes densely studded with chaetae, the valvae have a similar elongate shape, and the slender, long fibulae emerge from the same area on the valva. However, there are also differences between the two species: in the male genitalia, the tegumen is of a different structure, the juxta differs in shape (small and lanceolate in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. liralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="liralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">L. liralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), as does the sacculus, and the phallus bears multiple needle-like cornuti (versus a single &quot;spine-like cornutus about half length of [phallus]&quot; in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. liralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="liralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">L. liralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Shaffer, JC" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" refId="B60" refString="Shaffer, JC, Munroe, EG, 2007. Crambidae of Aldabra Atoll (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea). Tropical Lepidoptera 14[2003](1-2): 1-110." title="Crambidae of Aldabra Atoll (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea). Tropical Lepidoptera 14 [2003] (1 - 2): 1 - 110." year="2007">Shaffer and Munroe 2007</bibRefCitation>
); the female genitalia lack the lateral projections of the antrum and the strong four-armed signum of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. liralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="liralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">L. liralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
The fornix tympani of the tympanal organ is projecting ventrad from the tympanic frame, a unique synapomorphy of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spilomelinae">Spilomelinae</taxonomicName>
(characters 22:0 and 23:0 in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.26049/ASP77-1" author="Mally, R" journalOrPublisher="Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="141 - 204" refId="B39" refString="Mally, R, Hayden, JE, Neinhuis, C, Jordal, BH, Nuss, M, 2019. The phylogenetic systematics of Spilomelinae and Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) inferred from DNA and morphology. Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny 77 (1): 141 - 204, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26049/ASP77-1" title="The phylogenetic systematics of Spilomelinae and Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) inferred from DNA and morphology." url="https://doi.org/10.26049/ASP77-1" volume="77" year="2019">Mally et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). This observation challenges the placement of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Lirabotys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lirabotys" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Lirabotys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1890" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pyraustinae">Pyraustinae</taxonomicName>
, or the treatment of this character as synapomorphy of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spilomelinae">Spilomelinae</taxonomicName>
- a contradiction that demands further research.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
With the transfer of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. infuscalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="infuscalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">L. infuscalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Lirabotys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lirabotys" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Lirabotys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
now comprises six species, all Afrotropical in distribution (
<bibRefCitation author="Nuss, M" journalOrPublisher="In: Huemer P, Karsholt O (Eds) Microlepidoptera of Europe 4. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 127 - 180, 184 - 185, 194 - 201, 225 - 238" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" publicationUrl="http://www.pyraloidea.org" refId="B50" refString="Nuss, M, Landry, B, Mally, R, Vegliante, F, Traenkner, A, Bauer, F, Hayden, J, Segerer, A, Schouten, R, Li, H, Trofimova, T, Solis, MA, De Prins, J, Speidel, W, 2003-2022. Global Information System on Pyraloidea. http://www.pyraloidea.org" title="Global Information System on Pyraloidea." url="http://www.pyraloidea.org" year="2003 - 2022">Nuss et al. 2003-2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>