190 lines
28 KiB
XML
190 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="2B646F3D93AFC5C3DE4FA3FC84762213" ENCODING="UTF8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3a9755cb-5f4e-4a09-bf3e-cf82e4905bad" ModsDocID="22169" checkinTime="1249509823826" checkinUser="christiana" docAuthor="Bolton, B. & Fisher, B. L." docDate="2008" docId="FB1DED3E302E8DB42940E7365606DA09" docLanguage="en" docName="22169.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1929" docSource="http://hol.osu.edu/reference-full.html?id=22169" docTitle="Promyopias silvestrii" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="23F50ED10FA32E25FD9ED1094F2DBD66" masterDocTitle="Afrotropical ants of the ponerine genera Centromyrmex Mayr, Promyopias Santschi gen. rev. and Feroponera gen. n., with a revised key to genera of African Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1701311740558" updateUser="plazi">
|
|
<mods:mods id="6268F16074224FD52C9228D3E7A06FB9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="B0DF1CC876F798D48B92D28D835812C0">
|
|
<mods:title id="29936269119144829218323EB28CA1EF">Afrotropical ants of the ponerine genera Centromyrmex Mayr, Promyopias Santschi gen. rev. and Feroponera gen. n., with a revised key to genera of African Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="33BA7FDA63D1838318F9F5FF598CD921" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="BFDB69A6807060711609AF1EAA3D985A">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="2A9B7FCF1A3E4E43E15DA495017DE41E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="FC60758B4B60711BD1006179650997BD">Bolton, B.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="E105AC7FD22763E6C7603A4AF39A1781" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="A70BC30A4D436E57C90CB74A6AFF560C">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="D1F7BC66B73E3819EE93AD4EC276ED51">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="4FD678AE9F9A07630F97D1A0B98DE0E8">Fisher, B. L.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="2E122A056608822F5464C0FB263BDCBA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="BE11137D0A77BAC0739DC4A7BF0C6837" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="76462572FB090949C1D41C3D18879392">
|
|
<mods:title id="00B0FA7CA720D5D6611C35AB8F2D19CC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="53F94F218514FEC7CEEB086AE1B1CF68">
|
|
<mods:date id="68984DF6A64DF97EC6D2BC0E51507B28">2008</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="17BEF0DBEBBF2419F0F3DD95386AE32E" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="F5F2476C6B1300511B31AA2F29B7EE4B">1929</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="878AA9EF9AFB38D9CC776150D4C83675" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="0185BF3F6B6B63D3D9A8234C1EA34E97">1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="E569C39384CF6E4044059CE117B14B3C">37</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="2B13AD0D87607D701123A34EBA51D2CD">
|
|
<mods:url id="57C1A27B4A3BDCECFCB6EFF2A7B21756">http://hol.osu.edu/reference-full.html?id=22169</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="D5B2B7BDC7E2404CDCD55D916AE3A119">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="1C130AA39C3939FC517664AC242CBE5D" type="HNS-Pub">22169</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="FB1DED3E302E8DB42940E7365606DA09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6227168" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100122387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6227168" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB1DED3E302E8DB42940E7365606DA09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1DED3E302E8DB42940E7365606DA09" lastPageNumber="32" pageNumber="31">
|
|
<subSubSection id="C48ECBF9ACD61EDD8DBEF68D6723D4FB" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="EB9B431BF9AF082D9D86CDC8B23928EF" pageNumber="31">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B282F6F1B4BCA30512F2069016F5255F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:243008" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Promyopias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Promyopias silvestrii (Santschii)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">Promyopias silvestrii (Santschi)</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. rev.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="B89A77E63366EAECE58E4D9B9615DF54" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="480DCDF316AD2DB6FE87ADD9CCE4A2DF" pageNumber="31">(Figs 29-32)</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="DC3800C58D294F9A242D3AD4850C030E" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="2D9031915FE78845098A4F3D15B40D56" pageNumber="31">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="50281BA22714BDD5AF09D4B792FB656B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231388" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myopias (Promyopias) silvestrii Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii" subGenus="Promyopias">Myopias (Promyopias) silvestrii Santschi</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 1914: 324, fig. 10. Syntype workers, GUINEA: Mamou, 24.viii.1913 (F Silvestri) (
|
|
<collectionCode id="B1C1109E437EE2D3813749D008BF4E8F" collectionName="Switzerland, Basel, Naturhistorisches Museum">NHMB</collectionCode>
|
|
) [examined]. [Combination in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0472C57379E9FC19E2917B2F3DBFE75A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147200" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Promyopias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Promyopias Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Promyopias</taxonomicName>
|
|
by Emery, 1915: 26; in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="62E585044D36B3B30D6E24F5BC0C1CEA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:251907" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pseudoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName-HNS="Pseudoponera (Promyopias)" order="Asparagales" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Promyopias">Pseudoponera (Promyopias)</taxonomicName>
|
|
by Wheeler, W.M. 1922: 779; in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3B289D8474659DAD7AF5F1571BD21A96" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147200" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Promyopias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Promyopias Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Promyopias</taxonomicName>
|
|
by Brown, 1963: 10; in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CD0C1D86095E93DA3C2F8963CD6F3B09" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24829" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Centromyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Centromyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
by Bolton, 1995: 140.] Comb. rev.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="492435C14D9ECD8DF225AD05DFE5BFD3" pageNumber="31">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DD49D48B21AA984452168732809BD478" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:227405" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Centromyrmex asili (Crawley)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asili">Promyopias asili Crawley</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 1916: 30, fig. Holotype queen, MALAWI: Mlanje, 15.xi.1913 (S.A. Neave) (
|
|
<collectionCode id="3BBF50028C5DD64F62C4B3543176A1E2" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
|
) [examined]. [Combination in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69E933ECEF0BA860DFCFA8E2F2437759" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:251907" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pseudoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName-HNS="Pseudoponera (Promyopias)" order="Asparagales" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Promyopias">Pseudoponera (Promyopias)</taxonomicName>
|
|
by Wheeler, W.M. 1922: 779. Synonymy with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E38E8851C374E7157028822EDA724DE0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:180241" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myopias silvestrii Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">silvestrii</taxonomicName>
|
|
by Brown, 1963: 10.]
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="5FB525BB008D51799C96536AE02E2B0F" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="C419EC39831C9570B35286D8C9C4285E" pageNumber="31">WORKER. TL 6.0-6.3, HL 1.05-1.16, HW 1.00-1.12, CI 95-99, ML 0.62-0.68, MI 55-61, SL 0.62-0.64, SI 57-62, PW 0.74-0.86, WL 1.78-1.90 (5 measured).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1425F20C172C972205B0F33C865823E3" pageNumber="31">With characters of the genus and the following. Dorsum of head densely punctulate-costulate, the sculpture stops near the posterior margin so that the occipital surface is mostly smooth and shining. Ventral surface of head longitudinally striolate and with scattered small punctures. Head capsule deep, in profile the maximum depth about 0.75 x HL. Scapes and cephalic dorsum with dense long pubescence that may be elevated, but without long setae such as are present on the clypeus and inner mandibular margins. Pronotum bluntly and obtusely marginate anteriorly and laterally. Metanotal groove vestigial to distinct across the dorsum, not impressed in profile. Pronotal dorsum broadly and densely punctate except for the median strip, which is smooth. Punctate sculpture on mesonotum weaker and more widely spaced than on pronotum; on propodeal dorsum the punctures weaker still, very sparse and almost effaced posteriorly. Sides of mesosoma finely striolate everywhere, or at most with posterior portion of mesopleuron smooth. PW about 1.85 x the maximum width of the propodeal dorsum. Gastral tergites with scattered small punctures. Dorsal surfaces of body with conspicuous pubescence or very short standing hairs everywhere. Occasionally one or two longer setae may occur on the petiole and gastral tergites 1-3, but long conspicuous setae are mostly confined to the apical gastral segment and the gastral sternites.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6896FF0DFF4D9C4E2CE7A1766AFB5F89" pageNumber="31">QUEEN. TL 7.6, HL 1.14, HW 1.17, CI 103, OI 21, ML 0.72, MI 63, SL 0.68, SI 58, PW 0.97, WL 2.32. All main morphological characters of the worker are duplicated in the queen caste; see under diagnosis of the genus.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3C9DE9C216B3409D42E27654110693B4" pageNumber="31">MALE: unknown.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="9DA5AB31EB1A57E13C2C359CD2D93A5B" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="0AA53E576B912349CFED934023E1179C" pageNumber="31">
|
|
An uncommon but widely distributed species. Its diet, presumably termites but not actually demonstrated, may be more restricted or specialised than in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1007A06609077E8D9AFC47D440F644BB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24829" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Centromyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Centromyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The morphology of the mandible is unique and immediately identifies
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ED2586A665B9EA086B075D29F612429D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:180241" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myopias silvestrii Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">silvestrii</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="D0599F14F06896CEDEC928287654D8B0" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="769F70B50874D9ABC85AA4DD835DC54C" pageNumber="31">Material examined. Guinea: Mamou (F. Silvestri). Ivory Coast: For. de Teke, Anyama (T. Diomande); Lamto, Toumodi (J. Levieux); Goudi (J. Levieux). Cameroun: Prov. Sud-Ouest, Bimbia Forest, ESE Limbe (B.L. Fisher). Angola: S. Rob't Williams (Ross & Lorenzen). Malawi: Mlanje (S.A. Neave)</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3BD0309487B8AA23FE8F29AF60FC8485" pageNumber="31">
|
|
Appendix 1. Is there a
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E8692081CF45125C8A74A6DC5235B276" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24829" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Centromyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Centromyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
genus group?
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C9F04C78B3F2B4FD5DD1E7149C96CDF7" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="E2E4BBC6E7B9CE07FFCA865E4EDF60CF" lastPageNumber="32" pageNumber="31">
|
|
The three characters discussed below may diagnose a
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3F476AD8BCEE539EDC9394204805D25A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24829" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Centromyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Centromyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
genus group within tribe Ponerini (sensu
|
|
<pageStartToken id="BABAA2C860471BC6253015623B83699B" pageNumber="32">Bolton</pageStartToken>
|
|
, 2003), which contains the three genera
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C5298398E6BA2C116C55DC46B00043CA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24829" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Centromyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Centromyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F315D621CC2B98486D5069B2354B4455" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147200" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Promyopias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Promyopias Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Promyopias</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="66677AB8BFF39506AA0BCE2C4EAB434F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:244132" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Feroponera Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Feroponera</taxonomicName>
|
|
. At present none of these characters have been proven to be synapomorphies or independently evolved, but they are universal in these genera. The status of the characters must await a more comprehensive survey of the entire tribe.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5CDD0986DC39A33FCD25BEF1CE7EFF5C" pageNumber="32">
|
|
<pageStartToken id="710A7996A51EF9C7FD175435A034980A" pageNumber="32">1</pageStartToken>
|
|
Presence of strongly sclerotised, stoutly spiniform traction setae on the metabasitarsus in workers and queens.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5AECE3956CBF91C58D7725A33D97959E" pageNumber="32">
|
|
Only these three genera in Ponerini have stout spiniform traction setae on the metabasitarsus in the female castes. Similar setae, usually more strongly developed, are also universal on the mesotibia and mesobasitarsus of all three genera. Elsewhere in the tribe such setae also occur on the mesotibia, and sometimes also the mesobasitarsus in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3D0FB541F9077B1DBB45BA094C6AC35E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24830" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cryptopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cryptopone Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptopone</taxonomicName>
|
|
, though they are never as strongly developed; and on the mesotibia of a single species of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CB4EEA9C885B5DCB61547F3A215F613F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24844" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Plectroctena Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Plectroctena</taxonomicName>
|
|
genus group,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D81E21BC92154D39D1C4BF2525587219" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:35671" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Psalidomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Psalidomyrmex foveolatus André" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foveolatus">Psalidomyrmex foveolatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. However, none of these exhibit such setae on the metabasitarsus.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="15769E66DFD55280418B471D5A082B42" pageNumber="32">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1645924BDCA752A2731EB65C7ADFCAA2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:35671" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Psalidomyrmex" genus.bestMatchDistance="15" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Psalidomyrmex foveolatus André" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foveolatus">Ps. foveolatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
acquired mesotibial spiniform setae independently, as the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DD7D3F0336FA35BA8D22A8B2774A583A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24844" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Plectroctena Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Plectroctena</taxonomicName>
|
|
genus group (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="87B4C6BB326E741B4A36326B4350181E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24844" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Plectroctena Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Plectroctena</taxonomicName>
|
|
(16 species),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DC57C09346756E64EED4626A3B77B1E9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:182123" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Loboponera Bolton & Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Loboponera</taxonomicName>
|
|
(9 species) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D373E5B1E6C6358FB23FBF799907529C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24849" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Psalidomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Psalidomyrmex André" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Psalidomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
(6 species)) has a unique set of apomorphies(Bolton & Brown, 2002) not exhibited by the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5D106C0D92AAA7E6878BF5C9B3994DF7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24829" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Centromyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Centromyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
group. No other member of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F720E3EC881207FB73B629AA0D030441" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24844" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Plectroctena Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Plectroctena</taxonomicName>
|
|
group has spiniform traction setae on any of the legs.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="DF06AD0EB78F728BDDD8A473648C118F" pageNumber="32">
|
|
In
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EBA85897D613D858865FD0A34E820B6F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24830" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cryptopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cryptopone Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptopone</taxonomicName>
|
|
(22 species) the traction setae are more feebly developed, are restricted to the mid-leg (usually just to the mesotibia), and are always absent from the metabasitarsus. In addition,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5D218CA0A98860F4126DBA310D165214" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24830" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cryptopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cryptopone Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptopone</taxonomicName>
|
|
species differ from the genera treated here as all have a basal mandibular pit present and a palp formula of 2,2 at maximum(Brown, 1963). It therefore seems reasonable to assume that spiniform traction setae evolved independently in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2EFE3E8DED435B85583A8815A798B9F0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24830" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cryptopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cryptopone Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptopone</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BA1159046B3F2279D998A4017D0112C3" pageNumber="32">
|
|
2 Helcium projects from near midheight of anterior face of first gastral segment in workers and queens. In Ponerini the helcium is usually attached very low on the anterior face of the first gastral segment, and the first gastal tergite forms a relatively long vertical face above it. Exceptions to this, in addition to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B2D922A82733972F1982854CCECFD121" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24829" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Centromyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Centromyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
group, where the helcium is relatively high and the anterior face of the first gastral tergite is shortened, occur in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D181FA7CB87D1A96B9C0541A013A5F63" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24836" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Harpegnathos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Harpegnathos Jerdon" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Harpegnathos</taxonomicName>
|
|
, various
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B06C3F062FDD27BE8DA4D9B08DBADB1A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24830" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cryptopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cryptopone Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptopone</taxonomicName>
|
|
species and the monotypic genera
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AE5A75172607F55A0ED672FCE4E243E8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24833" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dolioponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dolioponera Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dolioponera</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1210357D006C33EE139FA57BC9260DA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:197558" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Boloponera Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Boloponera</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Fisher (2006) speculates that the last two together may constitute the sister-group of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="65F617773677B8C952DBDD748772E127" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24844" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Plectroctena Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Plectroctena</taxonomicName>
|
|
group of genera.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9C508A24EC9479480503D48A12D17D71" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24836" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Harpegnathos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Harpegnathos Jerdon" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Harpegnathos</taxonomicName>
|
|
, based on its unique morphology, cannot be considered as close to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="185BD6A0E415D34A2B4EEFAB87CC1E74" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24829" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Centromyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Centromyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
and its allies.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59FE7B1D3AE72FEC0DE2EF544CCC4E28" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24830" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cryptopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cryptopone Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptopone</taxonomicName>
|
|
, despite its differences from the potential group under discussion here, may be related but the possibility awaits investigation.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="957956BF1FB2A713BBB11D2D845B7857" pageNumber="32">3 Eyes absent in worker caste.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1A93DA5D2A36DD9E19D51A05264ABFAD" pageNumber="32">
|
|
The absence of eyes in the worker caste may be a synapomorphy of the group. In most genera of Ponerini eyes are usually present, even if often very reduced, but there are some where eyes are absent in some species but present in others (e.g.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="276020F2C47F128EBCFB55F5F02B6C30" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="339544BB81E7001C39EA27C4AA21383A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24844" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Plectroctena Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Plectroctena</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="017B861780EE75C7DA15B8757D0300E0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24830" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cryptopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cryptopone Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptopone</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0164190E34EAD059E144381156D19EC6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24842" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachycondyla Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachycondyla</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D4CBAE933485B4D6D15410A09A80EC77" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24839" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myopias Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myopias</taxonomicName>
|
|
), and in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDF10E7AEA13B369590A0C5698193F25" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24833" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dolioponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dolioponera Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dolioponera</taxonomicName>
|
|
larger workers have eyes while smaller ones are eyeless (Fisher, 2006). Loss of eyes may therefore be apomorphic within species, in individual species in a genus, or in a group of species within a genus, but it is worth noting that universal loss appears only to have happened in the three genera revised here.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |