553 lines
69 KiB
XML
553 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document id="0213657AE54C64CB6C25E2E6D287033D" ID-CLB-Dataset="5371" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3811.1.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9be49976-694a-414b-9003-72ee082a60d9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4918827" ID-ZooBank="AA6DD02F-B5FF-439E-B5BE-F627D475E788" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623266528966" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Woodland, David J. & Anderson, R. Charles" docDate="2014" docId="A34087DE142CFFE91EF14DBDFC4DEE3D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03811p136.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3811 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Siganus insomnis Woodland & Anderson 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="48BF817F-2CF8-48EA-B04C-1F4033B63587" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="135" masterDocId="5F79FFA6142DFFEF1E66493BFFC7EF58" masterDocTitle="Description of a new species of rabbitfish (Perciformes: Siganidae) from southern India, Sri Lanka and the Maldives" masterLastPageNumber="136" masterPageNumber="129" pageNumber="130" updateTime="1699007702158" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="E99B807ACBD6427C03C5642E4EAE6664" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6D897996CA5B496DCC9D4A184BE7CB22">
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<mods:title id="B104AB68C635E2A857DAE267CDE35F1F">Description of a new species of rabbitfish (Perciformes: Siganidae) from southern India, Sri Lanka and the Maldives</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1B1DBE1DF7FFC26901133E27ABD1B615" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CA5A9006E35F2693E8A23161A1CF226E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A93858FF7B40C27080C216CA6473F067">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2813F380B317354530A5EC4926A26867">Woodland, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E85A0C3B7708498E0BE1576E0F2AA188">Zoology, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, New South Wales 2351, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="940457A9A60962F73FDF234A90E49973" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="946683FCFE027789CE6DF89DAEF0F9C1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="376F229E61E73417236B1376B5B5EAE6">Anderson, R. Charles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D18893409008C43EA73AE8834584D43E">Manta Marine Pvt Ltd, PO Box 2074, Malé, Republic of Maldives. E-mail: anderson @ dhivehinet. net. mv</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9B85216329CF2725B301614DD37D7935">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1CDD209C07BB2F5D10EB6F32D036CB7A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="25A6FA427E7C0F7CA750047F0EE6067F">
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<mods:date id="274CC495C7E46C9BC8F574C31E060F95">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="874AE308080905FC268B3EA4DE717F1D">2014-05-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="341AA1440BB28D9410308DCBADB29FF2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="DBC00C697A81EE0F36E6E5DC1478B01A">3811</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="EBCD8515512507156C08213C6FBFA1AC">129</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="359716FDAE25E28A7C80FA53A99630AB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3811.1.8</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A34087DE142CFFE91EF14DBDFC4DEE3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5116220" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183709062" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5116220" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:48BF817F-2CF8-48EA-B04C-1F4033B63587" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A34087DE142CFFE91EF14DBDFC4DEE3D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
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<subSubSection id="63F36543142CFFEE1EF14DBDFE15EBF8" box="[151,466,1158,1184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2B5636C8142CFFEE1EF14DBDFE15EBF8" blockId="1.[151,466,1158,1184]" box="[151,466,1158,1184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
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<heading id="701E81A4142CFFEE1EF14DBDFE15EBF8" bold="true" box="[151,466,1158,1184]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1EF14DBDFE15EBF8" bold="true" box="[151,466,1158,1184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142CFFEE1EF14DBDFEAAEBF8" ID-CoL="6YN6S" authority="Woodland & Anderson, 2014" authorityName="Woodland & Anderson" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,365,1158,1184]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insomnis" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1EF14DBDFEAAEBF8" bold="true" box="[151,365,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Siganus insomnis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="02AE57A1142CFFEE1F124DBDFE15EBF8" box="[372,466,1158,1184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="63F36543142CFFEE1EF14DF6FBD3EA51" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="2B5636C8142CFFEE1EF14DF6FBD3EA51" blockId="1.[151,1436,1229,1290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
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||
Bronze-lined rabbitfish. Local names: ori, (thammas at Addu Atoll),
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<collectingCountry id="53FE7658142CFFEE1DFC4DF6FBC1EBBE" box="[922,1030,1229,1254]" name="Maldives" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Maldives</collectingCountry>
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; oora (Tamil), leella (Sinhalese),
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<collectingCountry id="53FE7658142CFFEE1B1D4DF6FF26EA52" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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||
. These local names may also be used to refer to other species of
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||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1DD24DC9FBD3EA51" box="[948,1044,1266,1289]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
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||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142CFFEE1DD24DC9FBD7EA51" box="[948,1040,1266,1289]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Siganus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="63F36543142CFFEE1EF14C02FCFAE9F3" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="2B5636C8142CFFEE1EF14C02FED7EA0A" blockId="1.[151,272,1337,1362]" box="[151,272,1337,1362]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Synonymy</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2B5636C8142CFFEE1EF14CBAFA5BE94A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1409,1707]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142CFFEE1EF14CBAFEE4EACF" ID-CoL="6YN6Y" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[151,291,1409,1431]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javus">
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<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1EF14CBAFEE4EACF" box="[151,291,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Siganus javus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1F574CB9FE90EACF" box="[305,343,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">non</emphasis>
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Linnaeus 1766);
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<bibRefCitation id="4F784B39142CFFEE1C6F4CB9FCF4EACF" author="Jones, S. & Kumaran, M." box="[521,819,1409,1431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" refId="ref4584" refString="Jones, S. & Kumaran, M. (1980) Fishes of the Laccadive Archipelago. Nature Conservation and Aquatic Sciences Service, Trivandrum, 761 pp." type="book" year="1980">Jones & Kumaran, 1980: 547</bibRefCitation>
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||
(fig. 466;
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<collectingCountry id="53FE7658142CFFEE1DFB4CBAFBC2EACF" box="[925,1029,1409,1431]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Laccadive</collectingCountry>
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Arch., Minicoy).
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<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142CFFEE1EF14C9BFEF9EAEE" ID-CoL="6YN79" box="[151,318,1440,1462]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
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<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1EF14C9BFEF9EAEE" box="[151,318,1440,1462]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Siganus lineatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1F2B4C9AFEB4EAEE" box="[333,371,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">non</emphasis>
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Valenciennes 1835);
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<bibRefCitation id="4F784B39142CFFEE1C364C9BFD30EAEE" author="Woodland, D. J." box="[592,759,1440,1462]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" refId="ref5028" refString="Woodland, D. J. (1984) Family Siganidae. In: Fischer, W. & Bianchi, G. (Eds.) FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fishery Purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, looseleaf, 30 pp." type="book" year="1984">Woodland, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1D604C9AFC8EEAEE" box="[774,841,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">partim</emphasis>
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||
): Sigan 7 (colour pl. and fig. are of the Western Pacific
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<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1BEF4C9BFED0EA8C" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">S. lineatus</emphasis>
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||
, not
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||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142CFFEE1F2A4C85FE07EA8C" ID-CoL="6YN6S" authorityName="Woodland & Anderson" authorityYear="2014" box="[332,448,1470,1492]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insomnis">
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||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1F2A4C85FE07EA8C" box="[332,448,1470,1492]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">S. insomnis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B39142CFFEE1FB04C84FD62EA8C" author="Burgess, W. E. & Axelrod, H. R. & Hunziker III, R. E." box="[470,677,1470,1492]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" refId="ref4344" refString="Burgess, W. E., Axelrod, H. R. & Hunziker III, R. E. (1988) Dr. Burgess's Atlas of Marine Aquarium Fishes. TFH Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey, 736 pp." type="book" year="1988">
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Burgess
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||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1C484C84FD9BEA8C" box="[558,604,1470,1492]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 1988
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</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 512 (colour photo,
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<collectingCountry id="53FE7658142CFFEE1DF34C85FC3BEA8C" box="[917,1020,1470,1492]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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||
, Hikkaduwa);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B39142CFFEE1AF44C85FAFEEA8C" author="Woodland, D. J." box="[1170,1337,1470,1492]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref5092" refString="Woodland, D. J. (1990) Revision of the fish family Siganidae with descriptions of two new species and comments on distribution and biology. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 19, 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="1990">Woodland,1990</bibRefCitation>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1B2F4C84FA4AEA8C" box="[1353,1421,1471,1492]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">partim</emphasis>
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||
): 90 (pl. XI, F, colour photo,
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<collectingCountry id="53FE7658142CFFEE1FB84CE6FD83EAAB" box="[478,580,1501,1523]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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||
, Trincomalee; Central Fish market, Colombo; S.
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<collectingCountry id="53FE7658142CFFEE1A5F4CE6FBB6EAAB" box="[1081,1137,1501,1523]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">India</collectingCountry>
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);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B39142CFFEE1AE54CE6FA5BEAAB" author="Randall, J. E. & Anderson, R. C." box="[1155,1436,1501,1523]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref4912" refString="Randall, J. E. & Anderson, R. C. (1993) Annotated checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Maldive Islands. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 59, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1993">Randall & Anderson, 1993:</bibRefCitation>
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||
39 (
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||
<collectingCountry id="53FE7658142CFFEE1E884CC7FE95E94A" box="[238,338,1532,1554]" name="Maldives" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Maldives</collectingCountry>
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||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B39142CFFEE1F054CC7FDFEE94A" author="De Bruin, G. H. P. & Russell, B. C. & Bogusch, A." box="[355,569,1532,1554]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" refId="ref4430" refString="De Bruin, G. H. P., Russell, B. C. & Bogusch, A. (1995) FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Marine Fishery Resources of Sri Lanka. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 400 pp + 32 pls." type="book" year="1995">
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||
De Bruin
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||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1FA04CC7FE3DE94A" box="[454,506,1532,1554]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1C214CC7FD4CE949" box="[583,651,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">partim</emphasis>
|
||
): 334 (pl. XXXII, 220 and fig. are of the Western Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142CFFEE1AB24CC7FAFAE94A" ID-CoL="6YN79" box="[1236,1341,1532,1554]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1AB24CC7FAFAE94A" box="[1236,1341,1532,1554]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">S. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); M.R.S.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C8142CFFEE1EA14F21FCFAE9F3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1409,1707]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
|
||
1997
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1F664F21FE93E968" box="[256,340,1562,1584]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">(partim)</emphasis>
|
||
: 308 (fig. is of the Western Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142CFFEE1CDA4F21FCD8E968" ID-CoL="6YN79" box="[700,799,1562,1584]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1CDA4F21FCD8E968" box="[700,799,1562,1584]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">S.lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B39142CFFEE1D534F21FBCBE968" author="Allen, G. R. & Steene, R. C. & Humann, P. & DeLoach, N." box="[821,1036,1562,1584]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" refId="ref4198" refString="Allen, G. R., Steene, R. C., Humann, P. & DeLoach, N. (2003). Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. New World Publications, Jacksonville, Florida, 480 pp." type="book" year="2003">
|
||
Allen
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1D124F20FC6BE968" box="[884,940,1562,1584]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2003: 56
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(colour photo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE7658142CFFEE1ACE4F21FAC9E968" box="[1192,1294,1562,1584]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Hikkaduwa).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142CFFEE1EF14F02FEF8E917" ID-CoL="6YMV7" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[151,319,1593,1615]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1EF14F02FEF8E917" box="[151,319,1593,1615]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Siganus guttatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1F2B4F01FEB4E917" box="[333,371,1594,1615]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">non</emphasis>
|
||
Bloch 1787);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B39142CFFEE1C634F02FCD4E917" author="Allen, G. R. & Steene, R. C." box="[517,787,1593,1615]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" refId="ref4156" refString="Allen, G. R. & Steene, R. C. (1987) Reef Fishes of the Indian Ocean. Book 10, Pacific Marine Fishes. TFH Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey, 240 pp." type="book" year="1987">Allen & Steene, 1987: 215</bibRefCitation>
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||
(colour photo, pl. 126–4,
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||
<collectingCountry id="53FE7658142CFFEE1A7D4F02FB45E917" box="[1051,1154,1593,1615]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Hikkaduwa).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142CFFEE1EF14F63FECCE935" box="[151,267,1624,1646]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">Siganus sp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
"Sri Lankan Rabbitfish";
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B39142CFFEE1C744F63FD03E936" author="Kuiter, R. H." box="[530,708,1624,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" refId="ref4614" refString="Kuiter, R. H. (1998) Photo Guide to Fishes of the Maldives. Atoll Editions, Apollo Bay, Australia, 257 pp." type="book" year="1998">Kuiter, 1998: 230</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(colour photo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE7658142CFFEE1D064F63FC0FE936" box="[864,968,1624,1646]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1EF14F4DFEA4E9D4" box="[151,355,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142CFFEE1EF14F4DFF20E9D4" ID-CoL="7GR5" box="[151,231,1654,1676]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Siganus</taxonomicName>
|
||
c.f.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142CFFEE1F754F4DFEA4E9D4" ID-CoL="6YN79" box="[275,355,1654,1676]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">lineatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
"undescribed species";
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B39142CFFEE1C334F4DFC45E9D4" author="Kuiter, R. H. & Debelius, H." box="[597,898,1654,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" refId="ref4642" refString="Kuiter, R. H. & Debelius, H. (2001) Surgeonfishes, Rabbitfishes and their Relatives: A Comprehensive Guide to Acanthuroidei. TMC Publishing, Chorleywood, U. K., 208 pp." type="book" year="2001">Kuiter & Debelius, 2001: 164</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(colour photo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE7658142CFFEE1A784F4DFB43E9D4" box="[1054,1156,1654,1676]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Hikkaduwa).
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1EF14FAEFE97E9F3" box="[151,336,1685,1707]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142CFFEE1EF14FAEFF20E9F3" ID-CoL="7GR5" box="[151,231,1685,1707]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Siganus</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142CFFEE1F664FAEFE97E9F3" ID-CoL="6YN79" box="[256,336,1685,1707]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">lineatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B39142CFFEE1F384FAEFDF4E9F3" author="Anderson, R. C." box="[350,563,1685,1707]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" refId="ref4266" refString="Anderson, R. C. (2005) Reef Fishes of the Maldives. Manta Marine Pvt Ltd, Male, Maldives, 130 pp." type="book" year="2005">Anderson, 2005: 108</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(colour photo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE7658142CFFEE1CA94FAEFCF5E9F3" box="[719,818,1685,1707]" name="Maldives" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="63F36543142CFFEE1EF14FE3FAA6E860" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C8142CFFEE1EF14FE3FAB5E9A8" blockId="1.[151,1436,1751,2029]" box="[151,1394,1751,1776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="9B813C95142CFFEE1EF14FE3FAB5E9A8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325434304" box="[151,1394,1751,1776]" collectingDate="2005-08-02" collectionCode="BPBM, R" collectorName="Feydhoo I. & C. Anderson" country="Maldives" elevation="1" location="Addu Atoll" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1EF14FE3FECCE9B7" box="[151,267,1752,1776]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1EF14FE3FEC3E9A8" bold="true" box="[151,260,1752,1776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<typeStatus id="F452886A142CFFEE1EF14FE3FEC3E9A8" box="[151,260,1752,1776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="4DF8AE0D142CFFEE1F744FE3FEA7E9B7" box="[274,352,1752,1775]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="EC119B2D142CFFEE1F004FECFDDFE9B7" box="[358,536,1751,1776]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0390226" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="4.0390226E7">40390, 226 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE7658142CFFEE1C2B4FECFD7FE9A8" box="[589,696,1751,1776]" name="Maldives" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="2E366013142CFFEE1CA54FECFC83E9A8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A34087DE142CFFE91EF14DBDFC4DEE3D:2E366013142CFFEE1CA54FECFC83E9A8" box="[707,836,1751,1776]" country="Maldives" name="Addu Atoll" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Addu Atoll</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="861C531E142CFFEE1D364FECFC0CE9B7" box="[848,971,1751,1776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Feydhoo I.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="EC119B2D142CFFEE1DB14FECFBC3E9B7" box="[983,1028,1751,1776]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="1.0">
|
||
<elevation id="A0C4D1FB142CFFEE1DB14FECFBC3E9B7" box="[983,1028,1751,1776]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4DF8AE0D142CFFEE1A764FECFBE1E9A8" box="[1040,1062,1751,1776]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="861C531E142CFFEE1A4C4FECFB7DE9A8" box="[1066,1210,1751,1776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">C. Anderson</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="5F571008142CFFEE1AA34FECFAA9E9A8" box="[1221,1390,1751,1776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" value="2005-08-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4F13E9E0142CFFEE1AA34FECFAA9E9A8" box="[1221,1390,1751,1776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" value="2005-08-02">2 August 2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C8142CFFEE1EA14FC7FAA6E860" blockId="1.[151,1436,1751,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="9B813C95142CFFEE1EA14FC7FC35E84D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325434301" box="[199,1010,1788,1813]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="Maldives" location="Addu Atoll" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" specimenCode="BPBM 40389, 5" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1EA14FC7FE82E84B" box="[199,325,1788,1812]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1EA14FC7FEF8E84C" bold="true" box="[199,319,1788,1812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<typeStatus id="F452886A142CFFEE1EA14FC7FEF8E84C" box="[199,319,1788,1812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="7B4F9EB3142CFFEE1F364FC7FE36E84D" box="[336,497,1788,1813]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" type="Museum">BPBM 40389</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="7B4F9EB3142CFFEE1F994FC7FDD7E84D" box="[511,528,1788,1813]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" type="Museum">5</specimenCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="EC119B2D142CFFEE1C794FC7FD7FE84B" box="[543,696,1788,1813]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.52" metricValueMax="2.76" metricValueMin="2.28" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="252.0" valueMax="276.0" valueMin="228.0">228–276 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE7658142CFFEE1C924FC7FC98E84D" box="[756,863,1788,1813]" name="Maldives" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="2E366013142CFFEE1D084FC7FC35E84D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A34087DE142CFFE91EF14DBDFC4DEE3D:2E366013142CFFEE1D084FC7FC35E84D" box="[878,1010,1788,1813]" country="Maldives" name="Addu Atoll" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Addu Atoll</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="9B813C95142CFFEE1A674FC7FAF1E84D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325434302" box="[1025,1334,1788,1813]" collectingDate="2000-05" collectionCode="R" collectorName="C. Anderson" country="Maldives" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4DF8AE0D142CFFEE1A674FC7FBD0E84D" box="[1025,1047,1788,1813]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="861C531E142CFFEE1A7D4FC7FB68E84D" box="[1051,1199,1788,1813]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">C. Anderson</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="5F571008142CFFEE1ADB4FC7FAF1E84D" box="[1213,1334,1788,1813]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" value="2000-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4F13E9E0142CFFEE1ADB4FC7FAF1E84D" box="[1213,1334,1788,1813]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" value="2000-05">May 2000</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="9B813C95142CFFEE1B234FC7FA9AE860" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325434303" collectingDate="1977-06-11" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Colombo & Central Fish Market, D. J" country="Sri Lanka" location="Central Fish Market" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
AMS I. 22402-001, 2:
|
||
<quantity id="EC119B2D142CFFEE1F5D4E24FE3DE86F" box="[315,506,1823,1848]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3044999999999998" metricValueMax="1.347" metricValueMin="1.262" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="130.45" valueMax="134.7" valueMin="126.2">126.2–134.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE7658142CFFEE1C494E24FD67E860" box="[559,672,1823,1848]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="861C531E142CFFEE1CCD4E24FCD1E860" box="[683,790,1823,1848]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Colombo</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="861C531E142CFFEE1D474E24FBFDE86F" box="[801,1082,1823,1848]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<location id="2E366013142CFFEE1D474E24FBC1E860" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A34087DE142CFFE91EF14DBDFC4DEE3D:2E366013142CFFEE1D474E24FBC1E860" box="[801,1030,1823,1848]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central Fish Market" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Central Fish Market</location>
|
||
, D.J
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
. Woodland,
|
||
<date id="5F571008142CFFEE1AA34E24FA9AE860" box="[1221,1373,1823,1848]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" value="1977-06-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4F13E9E0142CFFEE1AA34E24FA9AE860" box="[1221,1373,1823,1848]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" value="1977-06-11">11 June 1977</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="63F36543142CFFED1EA14E78FC64EE3D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C8142CFFEE1EA14E78FAAAE8B5" blockId="1.[151,1436,1751,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1EA14E78FE86E804" bold="true" box="[199,321,1859,1884]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A deep-bodied species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142CFFEE1C1F4E7FFD15E803" box="[633,722,1860,1883]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142CFFEE1C1F4E7FFD15E803" box="[633,722,1860,1883]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Siganus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which differs from all other siganids in that the whole of the sides of the body with the possible exception of the belly and a narrow strip adjacent to the base of the spinous dorsal fin (where a row of bronze spots may occur) are decorated with horizontal, parallel bronze bands extending the full length of the sides from nape and opercular slit back to and below the large yellow spot below the base of the soft dorsal fin. The majority of these lines on the sides are complete (i.e., uninterrupted) along their length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C8142FFFED1EA149ACFC64EE3D" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142FFFED1EA149ACFD91EFE8" bold="true" box="[199,598,151,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" reason="1">Comparisons with sibling species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142FFFED1C3A49A3FCD8EFF7" authorityName="Woodland & Anderson" authorityYear="2014" box="[604,799,152,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insomnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142FFFED1C3A49A3FCD8EFF7" box="[604,799,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Siganus insomnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from its sibling species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142FFFED1A1D49A3FA5CEFE8" authority="(Valenciennes)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" box="[1147,1435,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142FFFED1A1D49A3FB28EFE8" box="[1147,1263,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">S. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Valenciennes)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the great majority of the bronze bands on the mid and upper sides continue without interruption as they travel the length of the sides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3D22A4D142FFFED1F8449E4FDEDEFA0" box="[482,554,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1187,1209]" captionTargetBox="[348,1252,553,1178]" captionTargetId="figure-217@3.[348,1252,553,1178]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Siganus insomnis, Holotype, BPBM 40390, 228 mm SL, Feydhoo I., Addu Atoll, Maldives. (Photo: R.C. Anderson)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918835/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3D22A4D142FFFED1C5149E4FD80EFA0" box="[567,583,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,250,762,784]" captionTargetBox="[340,1255,193,741]" captionTargetId="figure-86@4.[340,1255,193,741]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Siganus insomnis, subadults, ca. 15–20 cm SL, Horubadhoo I. (= Royal I.), Baa Atoll, Maldives. (Photo: Dieter Grage)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918841/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3D22A4D142FFFED1C3549E4FDA4EFA0" box="[595,611,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1428,1450]" captionTargetBox="[339,1253,865,1414]" captionTargetId="figure-95@4.[339,1253,865,1414]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 6. Siganus insomnis, large adults, ca. 35 cm SL, Komandoo I., Lhavyani Atoll, Maldives. (Photo: Dieter Grage)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918845/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3D22A4D142FFFED1C0949E4FDB8EFA0" box="[623,639,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="4.[151,250,2003,2025]" captionTargetBox="[439,1147,1500,1981]" captionTargetId="figure-104@4.[439,1148,1500,1981]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 7. Siganus insomnis, adults, ca. 30 cm SL, Third Reef off Negombo, Sri Lanka. (Photo: Susan Anderson)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918847/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142FFFED1CD449DBFCE0EFA0" box="[690,807,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142FFFED1CD449DBFCE0EFA0" box="[690,807,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">S. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the golden bronze bands on the mid and upper sides are replaced by a mixture of bronze spots, commas, and meandering lines in an area anterior to a line running from the base of the middle of the dorsal fin down to the base of the pectoral fin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3D22A4D142FFFED1D9E481CFB86EE18" box="[1016,1089,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[313,1270,1026,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-372@2.[313,1273,1026,1602]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Siganus lineatus, subadult, ca. 20 cm SL, Lizard I., Great Barrier Reef, Australia. (Photo: J.E. Randall)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918831/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The third sibling species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142FFFED1BE14813FF36EE3C" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1787" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142FFFED1BE14813FF36EE3C" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">S. guttatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has gold to orange spots over the whole of the sides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3D22A4D142FFFED1D374877FC55EE3D" box="[849,914,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,948,970]" captionTargetBox="[409,1180,409,932]" captionTargetId="figure-363@2.[409,1181,409,932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Siganus guttatus, large adult, ca. 30 cm SL, Tulamben, Bali, Indonesia. (Photo: R.C. Anderson)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918829/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="7F966640142FFFED1EF14A8FFB25EC92" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918829" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4918829" box="[151,1250,948,970]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918829/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" startId="2.[151,250,948,970]" targetBox="[409,1180,409,932]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C8142FFFED1EF14A8FFB25EC92" blockId="2.[151,1250,948,970]" box="[151,1250,948,970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142FFFED1EF14A8FFED4EC91" bold="true" box="[151,275,948,970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142FFFED1F7F4A8FFE06EC92" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[281,449,948,970]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142FFFED1F7F4A8FFE06EC92" box="[281,449,948,970]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Siganus guttatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, large adult,
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142FFFED1C234A8EFDA3EC92" box="[581,612,949,970]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
30 cm SL, Tulamben, Bali, Indonesia. (Photo: R.C. Anderson)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7F966640142FFFED1EF14F61FAEAE928" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918831" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4918831" box="[151,1325,1626,1648]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918831/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" startId="2.[151,250,1626,1648]" targetBox="[313,1270,1026,1602]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C8142FFFED1EF14F61FAEAE928" blockId="2.[151,1325,1626,1648]" box="[151,1325,1626,1648]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142FFFED1EF14F61FED5E937" bold="true" box="[151,274,1626,1648]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142FFFED1F7F4F61FE78E928" box="[281,447,1626,1648]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142FFFED1F7F4F61FE78E928" box="[281,447,1626,1648]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Siganus lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subadult,
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142FFFED1C484F60FD8AE928" box="[558,589,1627,1648]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
20 cm SL, Lizard I., Great Barrier Reef, Australia. (Photo: J.E. Randall)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="63F36543142FFFEA1EA14FACFA89EDDD" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C8142FFFED1EA14FACFDA5E8AD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1687,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142FFFED1EA14FACFE9FE9E8" bold="true" box="[199,344,1687,1712]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" reason="1">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
(Based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="3DEFFD41142FFFED1F824FA3FDB2E9E9" box="[484,629,1688,1713]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="EC119B2D142FFFED1CE34FA3FCD9E9E8" box="[645,798,1688,1713]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01" metricValueMax="2.76" metricValueMin="1.26" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" unit="mm" value="201.0" valueMax="276.0" valueMin="126.0">126–276 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL; data for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F452886A142FFFED1D974FA3FB94E9E9" box="[1009,1107,1688,1713]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
given first, followed where different by data for
|
||
<typeStatus id="F452886A142FFFED1FE04F87FE36E98C" box="[390,497,1724,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
in parentheses). D XIII, 10; A VII, 9; V I, 3, I; P 16. Scale rows, counted almost vertically, between lateral line and the bases of the 2nd to 4th dorsal-fin spine 18 (16-26). Gill rakers on 1st arch: anterior side 4 + 20 (5 + 20), posterior side 22 (22) (gills missing from the
|
||
<specimenCount id="3DEFFD41142FFFED1D924E3FFBB1E844" box="[1012,1142,1796,1821]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">5 paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE7658142FFFED1ADB4E3FFAEDE845" box="[1213,1322,1796,1821]" name="Maldives" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Greatest body depth 2.1 (2.0–2.1); head 4.0 (3.3–4.0); base 2nd dorsal spine to base 1st pelvic fin spine 2.4 (2.1–2.5); base last dorsal spine to base last anal spine 2.6 (2.2–2.7); base 6th dorsal ray to base 5th anal ray 4.6 (4.5–4.9); 1st pelvic fin spine 7.0 (6.6–8.0); longest pectoral ray 5.3 (4.1–5.7) (smaller values for smaller fish); mid caudal ray 6.3 (4.9–7.2) (smaller values for smaller fish)—all in SL. Orbit 3.0 (2.5–3.2); (smaller values for smaller fish); interorbital width 2.8 (3.0–3.3); snout 2.2 (2.1–2.8); preorbital 3.2 (3.2–4.5) (smaller values for smaller fish); cheek depth 2.8 (3.0–3.3), all in length of head.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C8142EFFEC1EA149ACFD75EE3D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Spines stout, pungent—very pungent in juveniles. Longest dorsal spine 6th (5th–7th, but these often subequal), 1.05 (1.04–1.09) times last dorsal spine. Longest dorsal ray 2nd, 3rd subequal (2nd or 3rd), 1.4 (1.2–1.5) times longest dorsal spine. Longest anal spine the last, 1.1 (1.1–1.3) times longest dorsal spine. Longest anal ray 1st (1st, rarely 2nd), 1.3 (1.2–1.4) times longest anal spine. Caudal fin emarginate in small juveniles but becoming more forked with increasing size; even in very large fish caudal not strongly forked, outer caudal ray 1.7 (1.5–1.8) times mid caudal ray (smaller values for smaller fish).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C8142EFFEC1EA14854FD4FEEAD" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Preopercular angle 98º (91º–100º). Anterior nostril encircled by a very low rim, sometimes with a small peak posteriorly. Cheeks almost completely covered with strong, overlapping scales, 11 (12 or 13) vertical rows below midpoint of orbit to preopercle margin. Midline of thorax scaled, except for the two bony ridges extending forward from the bases of the outer pelvic fin spines.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7F966640142EFFEC1EF14D98FEC5EB80" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918835" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4918835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918835/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" startId="3.[151,250,1187,1209]" targetBox="[348,1252,553,1178]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C8142EFFEC1EF14D98FEC5EB80" blockId="3.[151,1436,1187,1240]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142EFFEC1EF14D98FEDFEBE0" bold="true" box="[151,280,1187,1209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142EFFEC1F424D98FE1DEBE1" authorityName="Woodland & Anderson" authorityYear="2014" box="[292,474,1187,1209]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insomnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142EFFEC1F424D98FE1DEBE1" box="[292,474,1187,1209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Siganus insomnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Holotype, BPBM 40390, 228 mm SL, Feydhoo I., Addu Atoll, Maldives. (Photo: R.C. Anderson)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7F966640142EFFEC1EF14E97FEC0E8B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918837" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4918837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918837/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" startId="3.[151,250,1964,1986]" targetBox="[331,1258,1430,1946]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C8142EFFEC1EF14E97FEC0E8B9" blockId="3.[151,1436,1964,2017]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142EFFEC1EF14E97FED5E899" bold="true" box="[151,274,1964,1986]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142EFFEC1F7E4E97FE0FE89A" authorityName="Woodland & Anderson" authorityYear="2014" box="[280,456,1964,1986]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insomnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142EFFEC1F7E4E97FE0FE89A" box="[280,456,1964,1986]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Siganus insomnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, preserved holotype, BPBM 40390, 228 mm SL, Feydhoo I., Addu Atoll, Maldives. (Photo: D.J. Woodland)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7F9666401429FFEB1EF14BC1FF1AEC77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918841" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4918841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918841/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" startId="4.[151,250,762,784]" targetBox="[340,1255,193,741]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C81429FFEB1EF14BC1FF1AEC77" blockId="4.[151,1435,762,815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1429FFEB1EF14BC1FED3EC48" bold="true" box="[151,276,762,784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B1429FFEB1F7A4BC1FE09EC48" authorityName="Woodland & Anderson" authorityYear="2014" box="[284,462,762,784]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insomnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1429FFEB1F7A4BC1FE09EC48" box="[284,462,762,784]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">Siganus insomnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subadults, ca. 15–20 cm SL, Horubadhoo I. (= Royal I.), Baa Atoll, Maldives. (Photo: Dieter Grage)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7F9666401429FFEB1EF14CAFFAADEAF2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918845" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4918845" box="[151,1386,1428,1450]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918845/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" startId="4.[151,250,1428,1450]" targetBox="[339,1253,865,1414]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C81429FFEB1EF14CAFFAADEAF2" blockId="4.[151,1386,1428,1450]" box="[151,1386,1428,1450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1429FFEB1EF14CAFFED5EAF1" bold="true" box="[151,274,1428,1450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B1429FFEB1F7F4CAFFE0EEAF2" authorityName="Woodland & Anderson" authorityYear="2014" box="[281,457,1428,1450]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insomnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1429FFEB1F7F4CAFFE0EEAF2" box="[281,457,1428,1450]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">Siganus insomnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, large adults, ca. 35 cm SL, Komandoo I., Lhavyani Atoll, Maldives. (Photo: Dieter Grage)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7F9666401429FFEB1EF14EE8FAEFE8B1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918847" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4918847" box="[151,1320,2003,2025]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918847/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" startId="4.[151,250,2003,2025]" targetBox="[439,1147,1500,1981]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C81429FFEB1EF14EE8FAEFE8B1" blockId="4.[151,1320,2003,2025]" box="[151,1320,2003,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1429FFEB1EF14EE8FED5E8B0" bold="true" box="[151,274,2003,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B1429FFEB1F7F4EE8FE0EE8B0" authorityName="Woodland & Anderson" authorityYear="2014" box="[281,457,2003,2025]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insomnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1429FFEB1F7F4EE8FE0EE8B0" box="[281,457,2003,2025]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">Siganus insomnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adults, ca. 30 cm SL, Third Reef off Negombo, Sri Lanka. (Photo: Susan Anderson)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C81428FFEA1EA149ACFA89EDDD" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1428FFEA1EA149ACFEB4EFE8" bold="true" box="[199,371,151,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" reason="1">Colour in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Sides of body blue, belly silvery; bronze or golden bronze, horizontal, parallel bands along length of sides; bands on upper sides sometimes interrupted but mostly continuing unbroken up to the nape; bands on mid and lower sides usually uninterrupted along whole length of sides, extending from the large yellow spot below base of soft dorsal fin and caudal peduncle through to nape and opercular slit; bands on belly variously interrupted, wavy or straight, but sometimes replaced by one to three rows of bronze spots above base of anal fin which spots extend on to the caudal peduncle and across the caudal fin. Bronze bands on upper sides extending on to nape where they terminate abruptly to create a small maze. Sometimes one or two rows of spots on sides adjacent to base of dorsal fin. Head, including interorbital zone, bronze; a blue line from behind orbit, diagonally across cheek to premaxilla; another from below eye to corner of mouth; another tracking along the margin of operculum; another from orbit to posterior nostril and then on to anterior nostril; a few blue spots on snout. Spines of dorsal and anal fins bronze to golden; soft rays of dorsal and anal fins pale blue; membrane of soft dorsal fin dark blue, often with a bronze spot at base of each ray; membrane of anal fin bronze; pectoral fin rays bluish, membrane hyaline; pelvic fin spines silvery; trailing edges of dorsal, anal and especially caudal fin bronze. Bronze spots on distal half of caudal fin arranged in columns, appearing as four to five bars when fin not expanded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="63F365431428FFEA1EA14BB4FD0FEB00" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C81428FFEA1EA14BB4FD0FEB00" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1428FFEA1EA14BB4FDC3EDF0" bold="true" box="[199,516,655,680]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" reason="1">Colour after preservation.</emphasis>
|
||
(1) of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F452886A1428FFEA1CE54BB4FD22EDF0" box="[643,741,655,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3D22A4D1428FFEA1C914BB4FCFAEDF0" box="[759,829,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[331,1258,1430,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-226@3.[331,1259,1381,1946]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4. Siganus insomnis, preserved holotype, BPBM 40390, 228 mm SL, Feydhoo I., Addu Atoll, Maldives. (Photo: D.J. Woodland)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918837/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="F452886A1428FFEA1DE64BABFC2CEDF0" box="[896,1003,656,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE76581428FFEA1A064BB4FB0CEDF0" box="[1120,1227,655,680]" name="Maldives" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
, large dark brown spot (yellow in life) below base soft dorsal fin; spots on the caudal fin and peduncle dark brown and prominent; elsewhere on sides of body, a series of parallel horizontal brown lines,
|
||
<quantity id="EC119B2D1428FFEA1DD64BECFBCAEDB7" box="[944,1037,727,752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, separated by paler areas,
|
||
<quantity id="EC119B2D1428FFEA1B144BECFF05EC4B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; on mid sides, these lines run from in advance of the caudal peduncle through to the opercular slit; on upper sides traces of similar parallel lines below base of fourth dorsal fin spine to last dorsal fin spine; in all, 11–13 unbroken lines on sides above the level of the base of the pectoral fin, in the smaller specimens, lines terminating on the nape without becoming convoluted, but in the two largest specimens these lines becoming convoluted in the area anterior to the base of the fifth dorsal fin spine through on to nape; a row of match-head size brown spots on base of all membranous cells of soft dorsal and soft anal fins, otherwise all fins except caudal unmarked; head light brown with prominent brown line from posterior margin of eye to premaxillary, other lines on head less prominent than in life; (2) of the smaller
|
||
<typeStatus id="F452886A1428FFEA1C6A4AC3FDB0EB48" box="[524,631,1016,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE76581428FFEA1CA04ACCFCFBEB48" box="[710,828,1015,1040]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, eight and traces of a ninth horizontal brown band extending from caudal region to nape and opercular slit, a short tenth one below base of spinous dorsal fin; only a few dark spots visible on caudal fin and peduncle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="63F365431428FFE91EA14D58FB6EEE45" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C81428FFEA1EA14D58FD13EABD" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1428FFEA1EA14D58FEE0EB24" bold="true" box="[199,295,1123,1148]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" reason="1">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B1428FFEA1F494D5FFE32EB24" authorityName="Woodland & Anderson" authorityYear="2014" box="[303,501,1124,1148]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insomnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1428FFEA1F494D5FFE32EB24" box="[303,501,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Siganus insomnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a very common species around the coasts of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE76581428FFEA1A7B4D5FFB57EB25" box="[1053,1168,1124,1149]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Adults live in schools, frequenting coral and sandstone reefs and also seagrass beds; juveniles live in large estuaries such as Negombo Lagoon (
|
||
<quantity id="EC119B2D1428FFEA1E994D97FEF5EB9D" box="[255,306,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" unit="km" value="5.0">5km</quantity>
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="EC119B2D1428FFEA1F324D97FE40EB9D" box="[340,391,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" unit="km" value="3.0">3km</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B391428FFEA1FC74D97FD5EEB9D" author="De Bruin, G. H. P. & Russell, B. C. & Bogusch, A." box="[417,665,1196,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" refId="ref4430" refString="De Bruin, G. H. P., Russell, B. C. & Bogusch, A. (1995) FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Marine Fishery Resources of Sri Lanka. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 400 pp + 32 pls." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
De Bruin
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1428FFEA1C7E4D96FD93EB9C" box="[536,596,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE76581428FFEA1CB74D97FCCAEB9D" box="[721,781,1196,1221]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this species is reported (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B1428FFEA1A3C4D97FB15EB9C" box="[1114,1234,1196,1220]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1428FFEA1A3C4D97FB15EB9C" box="[1114,1234,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">S. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from Vembanad Kayal, a brackish lake, over
|
||
<quantity id="EC119B2D1428FFEA1FB34DF4FDEDEBB0" box="[469,554,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" unit="km" value="200.0">200 km</quantity>
|
||
long, that runs parallel to the coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E92DF82A1428FFEA1DB04DF4FB98EBB0" box="[982,1119,1231,1256]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B391428FFEA1A084DF4FABFEBB0" author="Kurup, B. M. & Samuel, C. T." box="[1134,1400,1231,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" pagination="62 - 65" refId="ref4756" refString="Kurup, B. M. & Samuel, C. T. (1985) Re-description of the little known rabbitfish Siganus lineatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes), (Pisces: Siganidae) with notes on siganid fishes of the Vembanad Lake. Fishery Technology, 22, 62 - 65." type="journal article" year="1985">Kurup & Samuel, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is also recorded further south in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE76581428FFEA1C424DCFFD9AEA55" box="[548,605,1268,1293]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
from the Gulf of Mannar, where there are extensive coral reef areas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B391428FFEA1EF84C2CFE40EA68" author="Varghese, M. & Manisseri, M. K. & Ramamurthy, N. & Geetha, P. M. & Thomas, V. J. & Gandhi, A." box="[158,391,1303,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" pagination="38 - 40" refId="ref4962" refString="Varghese, M., Manisseri, M. K., Ramamurthy, N., Geetha, P. M., Thomas, V. J. & Gandhi, A. (2011) Coral reef fishes of the Gulf of Mannar, S. E. of India. Fishing Chimes, 31 (1), 38 - 40." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Varghese
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1428FFEA1F6B4C22FE82EA68" box="[269,325,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It would seem estuaries are an important habitat for juveniles and sub-adults, with older fish moving to coral reefs. Previously published comments on the distribution of this species in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE76581428FFEA1ADD4C07FAE4EA0D" box="[1211,1315,1340,1365]" name="Maldives" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
need to be clarified: it is
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1428FFEA1F554C5BFE9DEA20" bold="true" box="[307,346,1376,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">not</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1428FFEA1F064C5BFD0CEA20" box="[352,715,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">only found in the northern atolls</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B391428FFEA1CBF4C64FC2BEA20" author="Kuiter, R. H. & Debelius, H." box="[729,1004,1375,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" refId="ref4642" refString="Kuiter, R. H. & Debelius, H. (2001) Surgeonfishes, Rabbitfishes and their Relatives: A Comprehensive Guide to Acanthuroidei. TMC Publishing, Chorleywood, U. K., 208 pp." type="book" year="2001">Kuiter & Debelius 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1428FFEA1D994C5BFBEEEA20" bold="true" box="[1023,1065,1376,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">nor</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1428FFEA1A564C5BFEEAEAC4" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
|
||
is it only common in the south of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE76581428FFEA1EA04CBFFEEAEAC4" box="[198,301,1412,1436]" name="Maldives" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(M.R.S. 1997).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B1428FFEA1F914CBFFDB9EAC4" authorityName="Woodland & Anderson" authorityYear="2014" box="[503,638,1412,1436]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insomnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1428FFEA1F914CBFFDB9EAC4" box="[503,638,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">S. insomnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here recorded from several atolls; it is particularly common in Faadhippolhu (= Lhaviyana) in the northern part of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE76581428FFEA1D714C9CFC45EA98" box="[791,898,1447,1472]" name="Maldives" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and in the southern part of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE76581428FFEA1A924C9CFA9BEA98" box="[1268,1372,1447,1472]" name="Maldives" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
from Kolhumadula (= Thaa) and Addu (= Seenu) Atolls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C81428FFE91EA14CD4FB6EEE45" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
|
||
Like most siganids,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B1428FFEA1FD04CCBFDFCE95F" authorityName="Woodland & Anderson" authorityYear="2014" box="[438,571,1520,1543]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insomnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1428FFEA1FD04CCBFDFCE95F" box="[438,571,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">S. insomnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeds by scraping algae from rock and coral substrates and browsing on seaweeds and sea grasses. However, like many siganids it will no doubt supplement its diet with small items of animal tissue. An analysis of gut contents from specimens ranging in size from
|
||
<quantity id="EC119B2D1428FFEA1A7E4F0CFBBDE917" box="[1048,1146,1591,1616]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" unit="cm" value="14.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="2.0">2–27 cm</quantity>
|
||
SL, collected by trap and seine, from lagoons and coastal areas of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE76581428FFEA1C0E4F67FD10E92D" box="[616,727,1628,1653]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
showed that there they fed on diatoms, green, blue-green, red and brown algae and a seagrass (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B391428FFEA1C414F44FC7BE9C0" author="Chitravadivelu, K. & Sivapalan, A." box="[551,956,1663,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" pagination="129 - 139" refId="ref4389" refString="Chitravadivelu, K. & Sivapalan, A. (1984) Food and feeding of Siganus lineatus from waters around northern Sri Lanka. Journal of the National Science Council of Sri Lanka, 12, 129 - 139." type="journal article" year="1984">Chitravadivelu & Sivapalan, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Comparing percentages of gut fullness between day and night catches, these authors also found that this species appeared to have a preference for feeding during the night. Because it was mostly seen to be inactive during the day, our second author also concluded that this species appeared to be nocturnal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B391428FFEA1C214FD7FCC5E85D" author="Anderson, R. C." box="[583,770,1772,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" refId="ref4266" refString="Anderson, R. C. (2005) Reef Fishes of the Maldives. Manta Marine Pvt Ltd, Male, Maldives, 130 pp." type="book" year="2005">Anderson, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE76581428FFEA1D394FD7FC0DE85D" box="[863,970,1772,1797]" name="Maldives" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the fish is caught either with gill nets or with a fine line and a small hook baited with bread dough. It can be caught both by day and night. Nocturnal activity is a curious behaviour for a browsing herbivore; but it is supported by observations on its two sibling species. According to a Philippine fisherman, of the dozen or so siganid species in the Cebu area (which does not include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B1428FFEA1E904E47FEB6E8CC" box="[246,369,1916,1940]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1428FFEA1E904E47FEB6E8CC" box="[246,369,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">S. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B1428FFEA1FA04E47FD84E8CC" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[454,579,1916,1940]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1428FFEA1FA04E47FD84E8CC" box="[454,579,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">S. guttatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
entered set nets or traps at night (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B391428FFEA1D8D4E47FB6FE8CD" author="Woodland, D. J." box="[1003,1192,1916,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref5092" refString="Woodland, D. J. (1990) Revision of the fish family Siganidae with descriptions of two new species and comments on distribution and biology. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 19, 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="1990">Woodland 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Our second author concluded from underwater observations in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE76581428FFEA1CE84E9BFD3CE8E1" box="[654,763,1952,1977]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B1428FFEA1D514E9BFC68E8E0" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[823,943,1952,1976]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA1428FFEA1D514E9BFC68E8E0" box="[823,943,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">S. guttatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be active at night “because it spent much of the daytime loitering near coral outcrops or on sandy patches” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B391428FFEA1DA44EFFFBB2E885" author="Anderson, R. C." box="[962,1141,1988,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" refId="ref4243" refString="Anderson, R. C. (2000) An Underwater Guide to Indonesia. Times Editions, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="2000">Anderson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Previously,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B391428FFEA1B6A4EFFFA5BE885" author="Drew, A." box="[1292,1436,1988,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" refId="ref4488" refString="Drew, A. (1971) Preliminary report on klsebuul and meyas, two fish of Palau Islands. Unpublished Report, Micronesian Mariculture Demonstration Center Library, Palau, 20 pp." type="book" year="1971">Drew (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had reported that at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FE7658142BFFE91FEC49ACFE0FEFE8" box="[394,456,151,176]" name="Palau" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Palau</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142BFFE91FB249A3FD89EFE8" box="[468,590,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142BFFE91FB249A3FD89EFE8" box="[468,590,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">S. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was active at night. In a study specifically designed to investigate this phenomenon,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F784B39142BFFE91F534987FD94EF8D" author="Fox, R. J. & Bellwood, D. R." box="[309,595,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" pagination="1096 - 1105" refId="ref4522" refString="Fox, R. J. & Bellwood, D. R. (2011) Unconstrained by the clock? Plasticity of diel activity rhythm in a tropical reef fish, Siganus lineatus. Functional Ecology, 25, 1096 - 1105. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2435.2011.01874. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Fox and Bellwood (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that those
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142BFFE91D724987FC4EEF8C" box="[788,905,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142BFFE91D724987FC4EEF8C" box="[788,905,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">S. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that inhabited a boulder shoreline site at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, fed during the day and slept at night, while those living on the nearby coral reef zone foraged only at night and remained stationary beside favoured coral bommies during the day.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="63F36543142BFFE91EA14813FC4DEE3D" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5636C8142BFFE91EA14813FC4DEE3D" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142BFFE91EA14813FE89EE18" bold="true" box="[199,334,296,320]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
We chose the specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142BFFE91CC74813FCC2EE67" authorityName="Woodland & Anderson" authorityYear="2014" box="[673,773,296,319]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insomnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142BFFE91CC74813FCC2EE67" box="[673,773,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">insomnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Latin, sleep-less) to allude to the nocturnal activity of this fish. It is an adjective agreeing in gender with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE94D4B142BFFE91CF84877FD30EE3B" box="[670,759,332,355]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="199DEADA142BFFE91CF84877FD30EE3B" box="[670,759,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Siganus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(masculine).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |