569 lines
65 KiB
XML
569 lines
65 KiB
XML
<document id="0B49DF75113AC02303372D9E4A2CD4D8" ID-CLB-Dataset="51236" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.156280" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0aacf285-200a-4987-b8e5-c37510e8f330" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="156280" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459639349716" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Silva, Hélio Ricardo Da, Britto-Pereira, Mônica Cox De & Caramaschi, Ulisses" docDate="2003" docId="D85C87E0FFE75E35FEF7BA6C53DDFC2C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00381.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 381" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Chthonerpeton noctinectes" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="2465FF98FFE45E3DFFFFB8585048FFF2" masterDocTitle="A new species of Chthonerpeton (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Typhlonectidae) from Bahia, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698206206543" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="EA51FEF20D04827816E2218CB3BD9E28" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="71F2F30928D63951667D5DED6CA0BF45">
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<mods:title id="EE0A2C1D2CD9D2969E8DA4443261A811">A new species of Chthonerpeton (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Typhlonectidae) from Bahia, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="02F257A4D047CF14700C58610C83B330" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="239E007927D6F0239E9AD04ADD7E5EE6">Silva, Hélio Ricardo Da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4286B88984B18CEB434A2CA200B25C02">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5FB287DD276BB271C0734F4DAF6B9B2E">Britto-Pereira, Mônica Cox De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="4C2FED6B5027D2F37031A318DEC2BD0F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AECC03F220423C094A47ACAE256249FF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="222836F758EBDD2D315FCF176EE6662B">Caramaschi, Ulisses</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F02A1198FC66EB469EE5B64898180423">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0C75BBAEFD627B63EC7060D8ACBD1725">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7C086120B5B2F5DBDF46E94B1D560350">
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<mods:date id="8645635055A0DAB06DD8BCDAFDDF386C">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="29A4DE6AC0C35B44851D0E4250D9001E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4B7BEAF658019E9BA7FB321DEED8A2A5">381</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F666FFA4198456FF0814A6BB2842B2BD">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DC75EFB8CC9B11F2C45240101D31CBE6" type="CLB-Dataset">51236</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4D8C2189FFFBD00A8AAA682B10FA7C6B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.156280</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D85C87E0FFE75E35FEF7BA6C53DDFC2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5618012" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119332643" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5618012" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D85C87E0FFE75E35FEF7BA6C53DDFC2C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D85C87E0FFE75E35FEF7BA6C53DDFC2C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="18EF657DFFE75E3EFEF7BA6C528AFDBF" box="[264,706,563,590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE75E3EFEF7BA6C528AFDBF" blockId="3.[264,706,563,590]" box="[264,706,563,590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="0B02819AFFE75E3EFEF7BA6C528AFDBF" bold="true" box="[264,706,563,590]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
|
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<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFEF7BA6C528AFDBF" bold="true" box="[264,706,563,590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE75E3EFEF7BA6C5206FDBC" box="[264,590,564,590]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctinectes">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFEF7BA6C5206FDBC" bold="true" box="[264,590,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chthonerpeton noctinectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spn. nov.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="18EF657DFFE75E3BFEF7BA2753E3F9DC" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE75E3EFEF7BA275382FD1B" blockId="3.[264,1325,639,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFEF7BA27513BFD6A" box="[264,371,639,664]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE75E3EFEF7BA27513BFD6A" box="[264,371,639,664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<collectionCode id="36E4AE33FFE75E3EFE69BA2751AFFD6B" box="[406,487,639,665]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MNRJ</collectionCode>
|
||
10581, an adult male collected at Sítio (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="35C15031FFE75E3EFC24BA275403FD6B" box="[987,1099,639,665]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="925" value="-11.833333">11º 50' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="35C15031FFE75E3EFBA4BA27549DFD6B" box="[1115,1237,639,665]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="925" value="-37.583332">37º 35' W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, at sea level), Municipality of Conde, State of Bahia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="28E27666FFE75E3EFCCDBAFF5335FD33" box="[818,893,679,705]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, by Hélio Ricardo da Silva, Mônica Cox de Britto Pereira, and Hussam Zaher in February, 1989.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE75E3EFEC7BAAF532DFCCB" blockId="3.[264,1325,639,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFEC7BAAF51E7FCE2" box="[312,431,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE75E3EFEC7BAAF51E7FCE2" box="[312,431,759,784]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:—Ten adult females (
|
||
<collectionCode id="36E4AE33FFE75E3EFD45BAAF5342FCE3" box="[698,778,759,785]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MNRJ</collectionCode>
|
||
10583590, 10592193) and two adult males (
|
||
<collectionCode id="36E4AE33FFE75E3EFEEFBB475128FCCB" box="[272,352,799,825]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MNRJ</collectionCode>
|
||
10582, 10591) collected with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE75E3EFD0FBB475329FCCB" box="[752,865,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE75E3EFEC7BB1F53D2FC2B" blockId="3.[264,1325,639,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Diagnosis:—A species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE75E3EFD63BB1F53AEFC92" box="[668,998,839,864]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indistinctum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFD63BB1F53AEFC92" box="[668,998,839,864]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chthonerpeton indistinctum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group characterized by (1) 94–103 primary annuli, (2) 100–108 vertebrae, (3) 26–36 premaxillarymaxillary teeth, (4) 20–33 vomeropalatine teeth, (5) 23–28 dentary teeth, and (6) marked sexual dimorphism in the width of the vent area (males being larger).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE75E3EFEC7BBBF53CCFB03" blockId="3.[264,1325,639,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
The number of primary annuli and vertebrae distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE75E3EFC10BBBF5563FBF2" box="[1007,1323,999,1024]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctinectes">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFC10BBBF5563FBF2" box="[1007,1323,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chthonerpeton noctinectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE75E3EFEB5BC5751B7FBDA" box="[330,511,1039,1065]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indistinctum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFEB5BC575115FBDA" box="[330,349,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFE91BC5751B7FBDA" box="[366,511,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">indistinctum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(72–79 annuli and 82–86 vertebrae).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE75E3EFC3BBC575424FBDA" box="[964,1132,1039,1065]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctinectes">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFC3BBC57539FFBDA" box="[964,983,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFC17BC575424FBDA" box="[1000,1132,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">noctinectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE75E3EFEF7BC6F51EEFBA2" box="[264,422,1079,1105]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braestrupi">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFEF7BC6F5153FBA2" box="[264,283,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFED3BC6F51EEFBA2" box="[300,422,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">braestrupi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE75E3EFE1EBC6F5274FBA2" box="[481,572,1079,1105]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exile">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFE1EBC6F51BCFBA2" box="[481,500,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFDFBBC6F5274FBA2" box="[516,572,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">exile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the tentacle closer to the naris than to the eye (
|
||
<tableCitation id="1D77034DFFE75E3EFB17BC6F515EFB8B" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,352,1101,1125]" captionTargetBox="[277,1278,1162,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. — Measurements and meristic data for the type series of Chthonerpeton noctinectes." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/048A667EFFE05E39FEF7BC1554B3FB94" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" tableUuid="048A667EFFE05E39FEF7BC1554B3FB94">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE75E3EFEC9BC075193FB8A" box="[310,475,1119,1145]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctinectes">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFEC9BC075101FB8A" box="[310,329,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFEA8BC075193FB8A" box="[343,475,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">noctinectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be promptly distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE75E3EFC6BBC0753A8FB8A" box="[916,992,1119,1145]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arii">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFC6BBC0753EFFB8A" box="[916,935,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFC4ABC0753A8FB8A" box="[949,992,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">arii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of color;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE75E3EFB1DBC075563FB8B" box="[1250,1323,1119,1145]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arii">C. arii</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a dark gray dorsum, light gray flanks, and a distinctive longitudinal yellow stripe midventrally. The smaller number of premaxillarymaxilary, vomeropalatine, and dentary teeth distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE75E3EFE16BC8F52C7FB02" box="[489,655,1239,1265]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctinectes">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFE16BC8F51B4FB02" box="[489,508,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFDF4BC8F52C7FB02" box="[523,655,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">noctinectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE75E3EFD21BC8F5335FB02" box="[734,893,1239,1265]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perissodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFD21BC8F52B9FB02" box="[734,753,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE75E3EFCFFBC8F5335FB02" box="[768,893,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">perissodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE75E3EFEC7BCA75107FA4B" blockId="3.[264,1325,639,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE75E3EFE14BCA7521CFAEB" box="[491,596,1279,1305]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:— Morphometric and meristic data are presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="1D77034DFFE75E3EFB34BCA7556DFAEB" box="[1227,1317,1279,1305]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,352,1101,1125]" captionTargetBox="[277,1278,1162,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. — Measurements and meristic data for the type series of Chthonerpeton noctinectes." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/048A667EFFE05E39FEF7BC1554B3FB94" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" tableUuid="048A667EFFE05E39FEF7BC1554B3FB94">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. The specimen is an adult male with slits in both sides of the jaw, which were made in order to facilitate the observation of characters inside the mouth. Also, as a result of the fixation process, the body shape, which was cylindrical in life, became somewhat ventrally flattened.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE75E3EFEC7BD9F5272F8D3" blockId="3.[264,1325,639,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Head oval in dorsal view, larger in the nuchal region, blunt anteriorly. Eyes dorsolaterally oriented, covered by a white and opaque epidermis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C8CE2A73FFE75E3EFC59BDB753A4F9FB" box="[934,1004,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,368,955,979]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,313,945]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[268,1318,309,946]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. — Holotype (MNRJ 10581) Chthonerpeton noctinectes: (A) Lateral view of the head and neck showing left side, (B) head dorsal, (C) head ventral, and (D) ventral view of body terminus showing detail of vent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168863/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B); lens minute but easily discernible. Tentacular apertures minute, visible in anterior, lateral, and ventral views; encircled by an oval, white epidermis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C8CE2A73FFE75E3EFD1EBE675361F9AB" box="[737,809,1599,1625]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,368,955,979]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,313,945]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[268,1318,309,946]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. — Holotype (MNRJ 10581) Chthonerpeton noctinectes: (A) Lateral view of the head and neck showing left side, (B) head dorsal, (C) head ventral, and (D) ventral view of body terminus showing detail of vent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168863/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A), closer to nares than to eyes and below eyenaris line. Naris minute, oval, and anterolaterally oriented. Mouth recessed, snout projecting
|
||
<quantity id="970D9B13FFE75E3EFE9DBED751F7F95B" box="[354,447,1679,1705]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in front of it. Teeth small, monocuspid, pointed, and recurved. Choanae close to each other, circular (
|
||
<quantity id="970D9B13FFE75E3EFD94BEEF52F9F923" box="[619,689,1719,1745]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter), with choanal valves relatively shallow and easily observable. Tongue with two unpigmented narial plugs, its posteriormost portion with a sagital groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="048A667EFFE05E39FEF7BBE35261FBEA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168863/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[268,1318,313,945]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE05E39FEF7BBE35261FBEA" blockId="4.[264,1323,955,1048]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE05E39FEF7BBE351C4FC21" bold="true" box="[264,396,955,979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
—Holotype (MNRJ 10581)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE05E39FD3FBBE453A9FC21" box="[704,993,956,979]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctinectes">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE05E39FD3FBBE453A9FC21" box="[704,993,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chthonerpeton noctinectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A) Lateral view of the head and neck showing left side, (B) head dorsal, (C) head ventral, and (D) ventral view of body terminus showing detail of vent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="048A667EFFE05E39FEF7BC1554B3FB94" ID-Table-UUID="048A667EFFE05E39FEF7BC1554B3FB94" box="[264,1275,1100,1126]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/048A667EFFE05E39FEF7BC1554B3FB94" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[277,1278,1162,1867]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE05E39FEF7BC1554B3FB94" blockId="4.[264,1275,1100,1126]" box="[264,1275,1100,1126]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE05E39FEF7BC15513CFB97" bold="true" box="[264,372,1101,1125]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TABLE 1</emphasis>
|
||
.—Measurements and meristic data for the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE05E39FC28BC1654BBFB97" box="[983,1267,1102,1125]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctinectes">Chthonerpeton noctinectes</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE05E39FD4ABCD254AFF8B9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<table id="22F5C456FFE0A1C2FEEABCD254B6F8B9" box="[277,1278,1162,1867]" gridcols="4" gridrows="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE0A1C2FEEABCD254B6FB53" box="[277,1278,1162,1185]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FDE4BCD252BEFB53" box="[539,758,1162,1185]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Males</th>
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FB9CBCD254B6FB53" box="[1123,1278,1162,1185]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Females</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE0A1C2FEEABCEC54B6FB39" box="[277,1278,1204,1227]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FDE4BCEC52BEFB39" box="[539,758,1204,1227]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Holotype</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FCAEBCEC5396FB39" box="[849,990,1204,1227]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paratypes (2)</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FB9CBCEC54B6FB39" box="[1123,1278,1204,1227]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paratypes (10)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE0A1C2FEEABC8754B6FB04" box="[277,1278,1247,1270]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FEEABC875118FB04" box="[277,336,1247,1270]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TL</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FDE4BC8752BEFB04" box="[539,758,1247,1270]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">334</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FCAEBC875396FB04" box="[849,990,1247,1270]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">286–318</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FB9CBC8754B6FB04" box="[1123,1278,1247,1270]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">254–345</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE0A1C2FEEABD5254B6FAD3" box="[277,1278,1290,1313]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FEEABD525118FAD3" box="[277,336,1290,1313]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">BW</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FDE4BD5252BEFAD3" box="[539,758,1290,1313]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">14.00</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FCAEBD525396FAD3" box="[849,990,1290,1313]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">12.00–14.90</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FB9CBD5254B6FAD3" box="[1123,1278,1290,1313]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7.00–13.70</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE0A1C2FEEABD6C54B6FAB9" box="[277,1278,1332,1355]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FEEABD6C5118FAB9" box="[277,336,1332,1355]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">HL</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FDE4BD6C52BEFAB9" box="[539,758,1332,1355]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">10.60</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FCAEBD6C5396FAB9" box="[849,990,1332,1355]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">8.60–10.60</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FB9CBD6C54B6FAB9" box="[1123,1278,1332,1355]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3.62–9.80</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE0A1C2FEEABD0754B6FA84" box="[277,1278,1375,1398]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FEEABD075118FA84" box="[277,336,1375,1398]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">HW</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FDE4BD0752BEFA84" box="[539,758,1375,1398]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">10.40</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FCAEBD075396FA84" box="[849,990,1375,1398]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">8.20–10.00</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FB9CBD0754B6FA84" box="[1123,1278,1375,1398]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7.00–10.00</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE0A1C2FEEABDD254B6FA53" box="[277,1278,1418,1441]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FEEABDD25118FA53" box="[277,336,1418,1441]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">IOD</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FDE4BDD252BEFA53" box="[539,758,1418,1441]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6.00</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FCAEBDD25396FA53" box="[849,990,1418,1441]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5.30–6.10</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FB9CBDD254B6FA53" box="[1123,1278,1418,1441]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4.30–6.00</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE0A1C2FEEABDEC54B6FA39" box="[277,1278,1460,1483]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FEEABDEC5118FA39" box="[277,336,1460,1483]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">IND</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FDE4BDEC52BEFA39" box="[539,758,1460,1483]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4.00</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FCAEBDEC5396FA39" box="[849,990,1460,1483]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3.60–3.70</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FB9CBDEC54B6FA39" box="[1123,1278,1460,1483]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2.70–4.10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE0A1C2FEEABD8754B6FA04" box="[277,1278,1503,1526]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FEEABD875118FA04" box="[277,336,1503,1526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">END</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FDE4BD8752BEFA04" box="[539,758,1503,1526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4.80</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FCAEBD875396FA04" box="[849,990,1503,1526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3.80–5.50</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FB9CBD8754B6FA04" box="[1123,1278,1503,1526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3.00–5.00</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE0A1C2FEEABE5254B6F9D3" box="[277,1278,1546,1569]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FEEABE525118F9D3" box="[277,336,1546,1569]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ETD</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FDE4BE5252BEF9D3" box="[539,758,1546,1569]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3.50</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FCAEBE525396F9D3" box="[849,990,1546,1569]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3.00–3.40</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FB9CBE5254B6F9D3" box="[1123,1278,1546,1569]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2.10–3.90</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE0A1C2FEEABE6C54B6F9B9" box="[277,1278,1588,1611]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FEEABE6C5118F9B9" box="[277,336,1588,1611]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TND</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FDE4BE6C52BEF9B9" box="[539,758,1588,1611]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2.00</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FCAEBE6C5396F9B9" box="[849,990,1588,1611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1.90–2.00</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FB9CBE6C54B6F9B9" box="[1123,1278,1588,1611]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1.30–2.00</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE0A1C2FEEABE0754B6F984" box="[277,1278,1631,1654]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FEEABE075118F984" box="[277,336,1631,1654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CD</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FDE4BE0752BEF984" box="[539,758,1631,1654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">12</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FCAEBE075396F984" box="[849,990,1631,1654]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">10–11</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FB9CBE0754B6F984" box="[1123,1278,1631,1654]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">9–12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE0A1C2FEEABED254B6F953" box="[277,1278,1674,1697]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FEEABED25118F953" box="[277,336,1674,1697]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">EMD</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FDE4BED252BEF953" box="[539,758,1674,1697]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2.20</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FCAEBED25396F953" box="[849,990,1674,1697]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1.75–1.80</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FB9CBED254B6F953" box="[1123,1278,1674,1697]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1.50–2.30</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE0A1C2FEEABEEC54B6F939" box="[277,1278,1716,1739]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FEEABEEC5118F939" box="[277,336,1716,1739]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TMD</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FDE4BEEC52BEF939" box="[539,758,1716,1739]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1.30</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FCAEBEEC5396F939" box="[849,990,1716,1739]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1.00–1.15</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FB9CBEEC54B6F939" box="[1123,1278,1716,1739]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.70–1.45</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE0A1C2FEEABE8754B6F904" box="[277,1278,1759,1782]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FEEABE875118F904" box="[277,336,1759,1782]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">NV</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FDE4BE8752BEF904" box="[539,758,1759,1782]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">106</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FCAEBE875396F904" box="[849,990,1759,1782]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">101–105</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FB9CBE8754B6F904" box="[1123,1278,1759,1782]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">99–108</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE0A1C2FEEABF5254B6F8D3" box="[277,1278,1802,1825]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FEEABF525118F8D3" box="[277,336,1802,1825]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PA</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FDE4BF5252BEF8D3" box="[539,758,1802,1825]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">99</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FCAEBF525396F8D3" box="[849,990,1802,1825]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">95–101</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FB9CBF5254B6F8D3" box="[1123,1278,1802,1825]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">94–103</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE0A1C2FEEABF6C54B6F8B9" box="[277,1278,1844,1867]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FEEABF6C5118F8B9" box="[277,336,1844,1867]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PW</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FDE4BF6C52BEF8B9" box="[539,758,1844,1867]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7.10</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FCAEBF6C5396F8B9" box="[849,990,1844,1867]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6.30–8.70</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE0A1C2FB9CBF6C54B6F8B9" box="[1123,1278,1844,1867]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4.20–7.10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE15E38FEC7B944531DFDD4" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Two nuchal collars are clearly visible ventrally and laterally; first thicker than the second (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C8CE2A73FFE15E38FEB9B91C51C7FEAC" box="[326,399,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,368,955,979]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,313,945]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[268,1318,309,946]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. — Holotype (MNRJ 10581) Chthonerpeton noctinectes: (A) Lateral view of the head and neck showing left side, (B) head dorsal, (C) head ventral, and (D) ventral view of body terminus showing detail of vent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168863/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C), bearing two incomplete grooves ventrally and three incomplete ones dorsally. Ninetynine primary annuli; body robust, ratio of total length to width at the midbody 24.6:
|
||
<quantity id="970D9B13FFE15E38FE74B9CC5199FE5C" box="[395,465,404,430]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Scales absent. Body terminus rounded, forming an unsegmented shield
|
||
<quantity id="970D9B13FFE15E38FEF7B9E45129FE24" box="[264,353,444,470]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Cloacal disk circular; situated in a depression surrounded by a skin fold (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C8CE2A73FFE15E38FB04B9E45150FE0C" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,368,955,979]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,313,945]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[268,1318,309,946]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. — Holotype (MNRJ 10581) Chthonerpeton noctinectes: (A) Lateral view of the head and neck showing left side, (B) head dorsal, (C) head ventral, and (D) ventral view of body terminus showing detail of vent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168863/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D), and divided into twelve cloacal denticulations, the two lateral ones each bearing a small anal papilla. One hundred and six vertebrae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE15E38FEC7BA6C5420FD6C" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Coloration: Dorsally the body is a uniform dark bluishgray, covered by minute white spots. The cloacal disk is white. The anterior margin of the lower jaw bears an irregular crescent white area. The coloration pattern has not changed after fixation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE15E38FEC7BAF45385FC2C" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Variation: Measurement data for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE15E38FD13BAF4531AFD34" box="[748,850,684,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE15E38FC71BAF453B6FD34" box="[910,1022,684,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="1D77034DFFE15E38FB34BAF4556CFD34" box="[1227,1316,684,710]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,352,1101,1125]" captionTargetBox="[277,1278,1162,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. — Measurements and meristic data for the type series of Chthonerpeton noctinectes." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/048A667EFFE05E39FEF7BC1554B3FB94" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="048A667EFFE05E39FEF7BC1554B3FB94">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Tooth counts are presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="1D77034DFFE15E38FD94BA8C528EFD1C" box="[619,710,724,750]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,352,1043,1067]" captionTargetBox="[269,1294,1103,1315]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. — Tooth counts for the Holotype and selected Paratypes of Chthonerpeton noctinectes." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/048A667EFFE15E38FEF7BC4B5556FBD9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="048A667EFFE15E38FEF7BC4B5556FBD9">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
. The general color pattern of the series of
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE15E38FB45BA8C5562FD1C" box="[1210,1322,724,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
agrees with the description presented for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE15E38FCE2BAA453CFFCE4" box="[797,903,764,790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE15E38FC6CBAA4544DFCE4" box="[915,1029,764,790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
differ from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE15E38FB3BBAA45562FCE4" box="[1220,1322,764,790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in having a larger and more irregular white ventral area at the midbody, and a larger white area around the vent. A whitish eye eyetentacle stripe also varies among the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE15E38FB4CBB14556FFC94" box="[1203,1319,844,870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. Three states occur: a) stripe is absent, as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE15E38FCD2BB2C53DFFC7C" box="[813,919,884,910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; b) stripe is incomplete, beginning around the tentacle aperture and not reaching the eye; and c) stripe is complete going from the eye to the tentacle (in this case it is narrow and tenuous).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="048A667EFFE15E38FEF7BC4B5556FBD9" ID-Table-UUID="048A667EFFE15E38FEF7BC4B5556FBD9" box="[264,1310,1043,1067]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/048A667EFFE15E38FEF7BC4B5556FBD9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[269,1294,1103,1315]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE15E38FEF7BC4B5556FBD9" blockId="5.[264,1310,1043,1067]" box="[264,1310,1043,1067]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE15E38FEF7BC4B5133FBD9" bold="true" box="[264,379,1043,1067]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
—Tooth counts for the Holotype and selected Paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE15E38FC06BC4C555FFBD9" box="[1017,1303,1044,1067]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctinectes">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE15E38FC06BC4C555FFBD9" box="[1017,1303,1044,1067]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chthonerpeton noctinectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE15E38FE3BBC17549BFAD1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<table id="22F5C456FFE1A1C2FEF2BC175546FAD1" box="[269,1294,1103,1315]" gridcols="6" gridrows="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE1A1C2FEF2BC175546FB96" box="[269,1294,1103,1124]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FE3BBC17520EFB96" box="[452,582,1103,1124]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNRJ 10581</th>
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FD89BC1752B0FB96" box="[630,760,1103,1124]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNRJ 10584</th>
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FCD6BC1753E3FB96" box="[809,939,1103,1124]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNRJ 10587</th>
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FC25BC175414FB96" box="[986,1116,1103,1124]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNRJ 10591</th>
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FB72BC175546FB96" box="[1165,1294,1103,1124]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNRJ 10592</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE1A1C2FEF2BC215546FB7C" box="[269,1294,1145,1166]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FEF2BC2151DBFB7C" box="[269,403,1145,1166]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tooth Series</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FE3BBC21520EFB7C" box="[452,582,1145,1166]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Holotype</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FD89BC2152B0FB7C" box="[630,760,1145,1166]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratype</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FCD6BC2153E3FB7C" box="[809,939,1145,1166]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratype</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FC25BC215414FB7C" box="[986,1116,1145,1166]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratype</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FB72BC215546FB7C" box="[1165,1294,1145,1166]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratype</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE1A1C2FEF2BCC65546FB41" box="[269,1294,1182,1203]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FEF2BCC651DBFB41" box="[269,403,1182,1203]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PM</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FE3BBCC6520EFB41" box="[452,582,1182,1203]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">30</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FD89BCC652B0FB41" box="[630,760,1182,1203]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">39</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FCD6BCC653E3FB41" box="[809,939,1182,1203]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">26</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FC25BCC65414FB41" box="[986,1116,1182,1203]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">26</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FB72BCC65546FB41" box="[1165,1294,1182,1203]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">31</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE1A1C2FEF2BC9C5546FB2B" box="[269,1294,1220,1241]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FEF2BC9C51DBFB2B" box="[269,403,1220,1241]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">VP</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FE3BBC9C520EFB2B" box="[452,582,1220,1241]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">30</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FD89BC9C52B0FB2B" box="[630,760,1220,1241]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">25</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FCD6BC9C53E3FB2B" box="[809,939,1220,1241]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">23</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FC25BC9C5414FB2B" box="[986,1116,1220,1241]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">29</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FB72BC9C5546FB2B" box="[1165,1294,1220,1241]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">27</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE1A1C2FEF2BCB15546FB0C" box="[269,1294,1257,1278]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FEF2BCB151DBFB0C" box="[269,403,1257,1278]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FE3BBCB1520EFB0C" box="[452,582,1257,1278]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">25</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FD89BCB152B0FB0C" box="[630,760,1257,1278]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">27</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FCD6BCB153E3FB0C" box="[809,939,1257,1278]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">25</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FC25BCB15414FB0C" box="[986,1116,1257,1278]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">23</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FB72BCB15546FB0C" box="[1165,1294,1257,1278]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">22</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEC534B4FFE1A1C2FEF2BD565546FAD1" box="[269,1294,1294,1315]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FEF2BD5651DBFAD1" box="[269,403,1294,1315]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S</th>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FE3BBD56520EFAD1" box="[452,582,1294,1315]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FD89BD5652B0FAD1" box="[630,760,1294,1315]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FCD6BD5653E3FAD1" box="[809,939,1294,1315]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FC25BD565414FAD1" box="[986,1116,1294,1315]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4</td>
|
||
<td id="AD145DC8FFE1A1C2FB72BD565546FAD1" box="[1165,1294,1294,1315]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE15E38FEC7BD015300FA19" blockId="5.[264,1325,1369,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The cloacal disk also shows variation in the number and in size of denticulations (
|
||
<tableCitation id="1D77034DFFE15E38FEEFBDD95122FA69" box="[272,362,1409,1435]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,352,1101,1125]" captionTargetBox="[277,1278,1162,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. — Measurements and meristic data for the type series of Chthonerpeton noctinectes." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/048A667EFFE05E39FEF7BC1554B3FB94" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="048A667EFFE05E39FEF7BC1554B3FB94">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Some individuals present all denticulations about the same size, and in others the size varies, with some of the denticulations being half the size of the larger ones. Some denticulations also show incomplete subdivision.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE15E38FEC7BDA15265F8A1" blockId="5.[264,1325,1369,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Disk papillae (= anal glands of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="34644B07FFE15E38FD59BDA15374F9E1" author="Taylor" box="[678,828,1529,1555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" refString="Taylor, E. H. (1968) The Caecilians of the World: A Taxonomic Review. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 848 pp." type="book" year="1968">Taylor, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are not exclusive to males. They can also be found in some females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C8CE2A73FFE15E38FDB6BE7952C7F9C9" box="[585,655,1569,1595]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,852,876]" captionTargetBox="[412,1174,313,825]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[412,1174,312,825]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. — Body terminus of a female (A) and male (B) showing detail of vent. Notice sexual size dimorphism relating to the terminus width, and the presence of disc papillae in both females and males." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168864/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A), although they are smaller than those of males. There is an obvious sexual dimorphism in the shape and width of the body terminus, with males being larger than females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C8CE2A73FFE15E38FDBCBE2952C1F979" box="[579,649,1649,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,852,876]" captionTargetBox="[412,1174,313,825]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[412,1174,312,825]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. — Body terminus of a female (A) and male (B) showing detail of vent. Notice sexual size dimorphism relating to the terminus width, and the presence of disc papillae in both females and males." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168864/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). The body width around the vent area proved to be an adequate measurement in distinguishing males from females. A Student's ttest showed that this area in males are significantly larger then that of females (t = 4.9, P> 0.95). This expression of sexual dimorphism in the vent area is different from that presented in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE15E38FAEFBEB151D1F8D8" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indistinctum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE15E38FAEFBEB1556BF8F0" box="[1296,1315,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE15E38FEF7BF4951D1F8D8" box="[264,409,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">indistinctum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which only the cloacal disk is smaller in females (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="34644B07FFE15E38FBF0BF4954EEF8D9" author="Barrio" box="[1039,1190,1809,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="9" refString="Barrio, A. (1969) Observaciones sobre Chthonerpeton indistinctum (Gymnophiona: Caecilidae) y su reproducion. Physis, 28 (77), 499 - 503." type="journal article" year="1969">Barrio, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="34644B07FFE15E38FB1FBF495268F8A1" author="Gudynas" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" refString="Gudynas, E. & Williams, J. D. (1986) The Southermost Population of a caecilian, Chthonerpeton indistinctum, in Uruguay. Journal of Herpetology, 20 (2), 250 - 252." type="journal article" year="1986">Gudynas and Williams, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="048A667EFFE25E3BFEF7BB0C5133FC43" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168864/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[412,1174,313,825]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE25E3BFEF7BB0C5133FC43" blockId="6.[264,1323,852,945]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE25E3BFEF7BB0C51C4FC9E" bold="true" box="[264,396,852,876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
—Body terminus of a female (A) and male (B) showing detail of vent. Notice sexual size dimorphism relating to the terminus width, and the presence of disc papillae in both females and males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE25E3BFEC7BC5453E3F9DC" blockId="6.[264,1325,1036,1902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
One male specimen,
|
||
<collectionCode id="36E4AE33FFE25E3BFDCDBC5452C8FBD4" box="[562,640,1036,1062]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MNRJ</collectionCode>
|
||
10692, collected with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE25E3BFC40BC5453BAFBD4" box="[959,1010,1036,1062]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, has measurements, vertebrae and primary annuli counts within the range for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE25E3BFC1FBC6C545AFBBC" box="[992,1042,1076,1102]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, but is otherwise unusual. Although not smaller (
|
||
<quantity id="970D9B13FFE25E3BFD76BC0452A7FB84" box="[649,751,1116,1142]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="270.0">270 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE25E3BFC98BC0453D2FB84" box="[871,922,1116,1142]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens it is markedly thinner, with the smallest body width measurement for the entire sample (BW = 7.0 mm), differing by
|
||
<quantity id="970D9B13FFE25E3BFECFBCF451C5FB34" box="[304,397,1196,1222]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
from the next smallest specimen (MN 10589, BW =
|
||
<quantity id="970D9B13FFE25E3BFBE0BCF454C9FB34" box="[1055,1153,1196,1222]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="9.8">9.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
). It also has a higher tooth count for all teeth series (ranges for
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE25E3BFCADBC8C538AFB1C" box="[850,962,1236,1262]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
in parentheses): PM= 50 (26– 36); VP = 40 (23–33) D = 33 (23–28); S = 10 (4–8). This specimen also differs from the rest of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE25E3BFE7BBD7C51FFFACC" box="[388,439,1316,1342]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series in the shape of its head, which is clearly blunter and not oval, having its largest width at the middle of the head, not at the nuchal region. Because of these differences we chose not to include this specimen in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE25E3BFC7CBD2C53FDFA7C" box="[899,949,1396,1422]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series. Although it falls within the range of variation reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE25E3BFD4CBDC554B1FA44" authority="Nussbaum and Wilkinson, 1987" authorityName="Nussbaum and Wilkinson" authorityYear="1987" box="[691,1273,1436,1462]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perissodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE25E3BFD4CBDC5528EFA44" box="[691,710,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE25E3BFD26BDC5531EFA44" box="[729,854,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">perissodus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="34644B07FFE25E3BFC96BDC454A7FA44" author="Nussbaum" box="[873,1263,1436,1462]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" refString="Nussbaum, R. A. & Wilkinson, M. (1987) Two new species of Chthonerpeton (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Typhlonectidae) from Brazil. Occasional. Papers Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, (716), 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1987">Nussbaum and Wilkinson, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we prefer to regard the specimen as an aberrant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE25E3BFCD1BD9D5390FA2C" box="[814,984,1476,1502]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctinectes">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE25E3BFCD1BD9D5309FA2C" box="[814,833,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE25E3BFCABBD9D5390FA2C" box="[852,984,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">noctinectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE25E3BFB78BD9D5562FA2C" box="[1159,1322,1476,1502]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perrisodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE25E3BFB78BD9D54D2FA2C" box="[1159,1178,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE25E3BFB52BD9D5562FA2C" box="[1197,1322,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">perrisodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because they just appeared in one specimen and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE25E3BFC99BDB453D0F9F4" box="[870,920,1516,1542]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE25E3BFBD6BDB55480F9F4" box="[1065,1224,1516,1542]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perissodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE25E3BFBD6BDB55474F9F4" box="[1065,1084,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE25E3BFBB4BDB55480F9F4" box="[1099,1224,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">perissodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is about
|
||
<quantity id="970D9B13FFE25E3BFEF7BE4C513FF9DC" box="[264,375,1556,1582]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="km" value="1.5">1.500 km</quantity>
|
||
away, and we have only a single such specimen
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="18EF657DFFE25E35FEC7BE6553DDFC2C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE25E3BFEC7BE6552D9F954" blockId="6.[264,1325,1036,1902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE25E3BFEC7BE6551FDF9A4" box="[312,437,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
:—The specific name is an adjective derived from nocti (Latin [nox, noctis] nocturnal) and nectes (Greek [nekton, nektos] swimmer), as an allusion to the nocturnal swimming activity of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE25E3BFEC7BEED53D4F89C" blockId="6.[264,1325,1036,1902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE25E3BFEC7BEED51D9F93C" box="[312,401,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
:—The specimens were collected in a large marsh, fed by the Itapicurú River, almost
|
||
<quantity id="970D9B13FFE25E3BFEA2BE8451EFF904" box="[349,423,1756,1782]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
from the river month. The marsh resembles a big lake, and is basically composed of two distinct environments. One is a flooded terrain (used for cattle grazing during the dry season), and the other is an area submerged almost all year round. Aquatic plants were found covering almost all the surface of the marsh.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE35E3AFEC7B94454DCFE24" blockId="7.[264,1324,284,710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Several individuals were seen at night by the shore of the marsh actively swimming or coming up the surface to breathe. During the day no individuals were observed. Although at night many of them were seen, only a few could be collected due to their agility as swimmers and the slipperiness of their bodies. Other specimens were collected buried about one meter deep into a mud bank about a kilometer from the river canal.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE35E3AFEC7B9BC5286FD34" blockId="7.[264,1324,284,710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Biology:—Four individuals, two females (MNRJ 1059293) and two males (MNRJ 1059091), all collected with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8F4E8854FFE35E3AFD73BA5452F7FDD4" box="[652,703,524,550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, were kept in captivity for some months. They were all kept together in a large aquarium and also showed nocturnal habits, swimming actively at night. During the day they remained coiled among the plants (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C8CE2A73FFE35E3AFB9BBA0454E2FD84" box="[1124,1194,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,852,876]" captionTargetBox="[412,1174,313,825]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[412,1174,312,825]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. — Body terminus of a female (A) and male (B) showing detail of vent. Notice sexual size dimorphism relating to the terminus width, and the presence of disc papillae in both females and males." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168864/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) or among themselves. They showed subaquatic fossorial habits, burying themselves into the gravel without coming up to breath for hours.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="048A667EFFE35E3AFEF7BD76527CFA9A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168865/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[264,1322,769,1315]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE35E3AFEF7BD76527CFA9A" blockId="7.[264,1322,1326,1384]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE35E3AFEF7BD7651CBFAB4" bold="true" box="[264,387,1326,1350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
.–Living specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE35E3AFD91BD7753C5FAB4" box="[622,909,1327,1350]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctinectes">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE35E3AFD91BD7753C5FAB4" box="[622,909,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chthonerpeton noctinectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing common resting posture during the day in the aquarium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFE35E3AFEC7BDC45360F89C" blockId="7.[264,1324,1436,1902]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The captive individuals received a diet of chicken meat and living tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE35E3AFB19BDC4527BFA2C" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Phasmahyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE35E3AFB19BDC451F0FA2F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phasmahyla guttata</emphasis>
|
||
(Hylidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="28E27666FFE35E3AFDC1BD9C5216FA2C" box="[574,606,1476,1502]" name="American Samoa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
soon as the chicken meat was offered, they actively searched for the food, but it always took them almost a minute to find and take it. They appeared clumsy when confronted with this food. Somehow it was not easy for them to locate static food at the bottom of the aquarium. Sometimes they bit the gravel or another individual nearby, or even moved away from the food. When tadpoles were offered, their behavior was quite different. They also became more active as the tadpoles were placed in the aquarium, but they were able to find them much more easily. Almost invariably they attacked and ate the tadpoles with one precise strike. These observations suggest that this species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFE35E3AFE7BBF5C527CF8EF" box="[388,564,1796,1821]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFE35E3AFE7BBF5C527CF8EF" box="[388,564,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chthonerpeton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is able to perceive prey chemically and by movement. It may be possible that they are able to sense vibrations in the water and use them to locate food; the sense of smell also seems to be of importance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFEC5E35FEC7B94454B2FE0C" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">One of the captive females (MNRJ 10593) was probably pregnant when collected in February of 1989, and at the beginning of April of the same year gave birth to eight young. At first, three young were born, then two, and three more within an interval of two days for each group. The newborns all resembled the adults, and have no external gills or any observable external larval characters. They also ate chicken meat, and were observed eating the sloughed skin. Sloughing was often observed in both the young and the adults.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFEC5E35FEC7BA545552FD34" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
After some time in the aquarium, many individuals were observed with red nematodes coming out of their mouth and cloaca. Within a few days after we had detected the presence of the nematodes, the behavior of the infected individuals began to change. They moved slowly and remained near the surface until death. We believed that the infestation of nematodes, identified as being of the Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFEC5E35FCCEBAF453F7FD37" box="[817,959,684,709]" class="Secernentea" family="Camallanidae" genus="Camallanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camallanida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFEC5E35FCCEBAF453F7FD37" box="[817,959,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Camallanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was the cause of their death.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="504A36F6FFEC5E35FEC7BA8C53DDFC2C" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Remarks:—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="34644B07FFEC5E35FE3BBA8C52D1FD1C" author="Nussbaum" box="[452,665,724,750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="10" refString="Nussbaum, R. A. (1986) Chthonerpeton onorei, a new caecilian (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Typhlonectidae) from Ecuador. Revue Suisse Zoologie, 93 (4), 911 - 918." type="journal article" year="1986">Nussbaum (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used the position of the choanal valves, together with other characters, in justifying the division of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFEC5E35FC73BAA45474FCE7" box="[908,1084,764,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFEC5E35FC73BAA45474FCE7" box="[908,1084,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chthonerpeton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into two subgroups. According to him, the valves in the genus could be either recessed (the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFEC5E35FB73BB7C5563FCCF" box="[1164,1323,804,830]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viviparum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFEC5E35FB73BB7C54D7FCCF" box="[1164,1183,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFEC5E35FB4BBB7C5563FCCF" box="[1204,1323,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">viviparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group) or superficial (the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFEC5E35FDB6BB145349FC97" box="[585,769,844,870]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indistinctum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFEC5E35FDB6BB145214FC97" box="[585,604,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFEC5E35FD8FBB145349FC97" box="[624,769,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">indistinctum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group). Our examinations of the material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFEC5E35FEF7BB2C51F0FC7F" box="[264,440,884,909]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFEC5E35FEF7BB2C51F0FC7F" box="[264,440,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chthonerpeton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
available to us did not reveal any differences in the relative position of the valves in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFEC5E35FE86BBC45264FC47" box="[377,556,924,950]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indistinctum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFEC5E35FE86BBC451C4FC47" box="[377,396,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFEC5E35FE64BBC45264FC47" box="[411,556,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">indistinctum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFEC5E35FDC5BBC4529BFC47" box="[570,723,924,950]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viviparum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFEC5E35FDC5BBC45205FC47" box="[570,589,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFEC5E35FDA3BBC4529BFC47" box="[604,723,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">viviparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97F54D75FFEC5E35FCFDBBC453E0FC47" box="[770,936,924,950]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Chthonerpeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctinectes">
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFEC5E35FCFDBBC4535DFC47" box="[770,789,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6281EAE4FFEC5E35FCDBBBC453E0FC47" box="[804,936,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">noctinectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The valves in the specimens we examined were all near the surface and easy to observe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |