378 lines
37 KiB
XML
378 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.596.8472" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dd065753-a681-4cec-8f74-6003e7464739" ID-PMC="PMC4926656" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-596-77" ID-PubMed="27408578" ID-ZBK="5FE366FFE8824FB08D710B79E3FE3849" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-596-77" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 596" ModsDocTitle="Description of a new species of Aphanogmus Thomson (Hymenoptera, Ceraphronidae) that parasitizes acarivorous gall midges of Feltiella (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) in Japan" checkinTime="1465477081910" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Matsuo, Kazunori, Ganaha-Kikumura, Tomoko, Ohno, Suguru & Yukawa, Junichi" docDate="2016" docId="A4674D146FFA4A58E7976FA2EC4FDBB3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 596: 77-85" docOrigin="ZooKeys 596" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.596.8472" docTitle="Aphanogmus flavigastris Matsuo, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="4725144C-E843-4706-8DE2-D58805F78F41" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="022C5262FFE7161BFFC8FFE53E1DFFF2" masterDocTitle="Description of a new species of Aphanogmus Thomson (Hymenoptera, Ceraphronidae) that parasitizes acarivorous gall midges of Feltiella (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) in Japan" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1668163203098" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Description of a new species of Aphanogmus Thomson (Hymenoptera, Ceraphronidae) that parasitizes acarivorous gall midges of Feltiella (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) in Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Matsuo, Kazunori</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ganaha-Kikumura, Tomoko</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ohno, Suguru</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yukawa, Junichi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>596</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>77</mods:start>
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<mods:end>85</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.596.8472</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.596.8472</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-596-77</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">5FE366FFE8824FB08D710B79E3FE3849</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">5FE366FFE8824FB08D710B79E3FE3849</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127878649" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4725144C-E843-4706-8DE2-D58805F78F41" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A4674D146FFA4A58E7976FA2EC4FDBB3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="78" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Ceraphronidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/4725144C-E843-4706-8DE2-D58805F78F41" authority="Matsuo" class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus flavigastris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavigastris">Aphanogmus flavigastris Matsuo</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="78">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName family="Ceraphronidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rank="family">Ceraphronidae</taxonomicName>
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sp.:
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<bibRefCitation author="Abe, J" journalOrPublisher="Applied Entomology and Zoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" pagination="271 - 279" title="Morphological features, distribution, prey mites, and life history traits of Feltiellaacarisuga (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Japan." url="10.1007/s13355-011-0038-x" volume="46" year="2011">Abe et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: 277.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName family="Ceraphronidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rank="family">Ceraphronidae</taxonomicName>
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sp.:
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<bibRefCitation author="Ganaha-Kikumura, T" journalOrPublisher="Applied Entomology and Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="319 - 329" title="Occurrence of two acarivorous species of the genus Feltiella (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Okinawa, southern Japan, and redescription of F. acarivora (Zehntner)." url="10.1007/s13355-012-0122-x" volume="47" year="2012">Ganaha-Kikumura et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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: 323.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="78" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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The specific name,
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<taxonomicName class="Pilidiophora" family="Lineidae" genus="Acari" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acari flavigastris" order="Heteronemertea" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="flavigastris">flavigastris</taxonomicName>
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, is Latin meaning yellowish gaster, derived from the color of the female metasoma.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="78" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="78">See Table 1.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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Table 1. A list of type specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus flavigastris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavigastris">Aphanogmus flavigastris</taxonomicName>
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. All specimens are kept in the collection of the Biosystematics Laboratory, Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, Japan.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<table pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">Possible host</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">Associated plant*</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">Collecting site (collector**)</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">Host collecting</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">No. specimens</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">Notes</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella acarisuga" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acarisuga">Feltiella acarisuga</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pueraria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pueraria montana" order="Fabales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">Pueraria montana</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">SO</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella acarisuga" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acarisuga">Feltiella acarisuga</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pueraria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pueraria montana" order="Fabales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">Pueraria montana</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">SO</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella acarisuga" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acarisuga">Feltiella acarisuga</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Mallotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mallotus japonicus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonicus">Mallotus japonicus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">SOTGK</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella acarisuga" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acarisuga">Feltiella acarisuga</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Mallotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mallotus japonicus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonicus">Mallotus japonicus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">SOTGK</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella acarisuga" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acarisuga">Feltiella acarisuga</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Broussonetia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Broussonetia papyrifera" order="Rosales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papyrifera">Broussonetia papyrifera</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">SO</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella acarivora" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acarivora">Feltiella acarivora</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Bauhinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bauhinia variegata" order="Fabales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="variegata">Bauhinia variegata</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">SO</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella acarivora" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acarivora">Feltiella acarivora</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Melanolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melanolepis multiglandulosa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiglandulosa">Melanolepis multiglandulosa</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">SO</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella acarivora" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acarivora">Feltiella acarivora</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Mucuna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mucuna macrocarpa" order="Fabales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">Mucuna macrocarpa</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">SOTGK</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella acarivora" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acarivora">Feltiella acarivora</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pueraria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pueraria montana" order="Fabales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">Pueraria montana</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">SO</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella acarivora" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acarivora">Feltiella acarivora</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Morus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Morus australis" order="Rosales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">Morus australis</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rowspan="1">SO</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="78">FEMALE. Body length 0.5-0.6 mm (Figs 1, 2). Head dark brown. Scape yellow; pedicel and all flagellomeres yellowish brown. Mesosoma dark brown. Fore wing with an infuscate area. Fore and mid coxae dark brown, sometimes yellowish in apical half; fore and mid femora yellow, sometimes brownish; hind leg and all tibiae yellow. Metasoma yellow, darker dorsally.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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Figure 1. A female of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus flavigastris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavigastris">Aphanogmus flavigastris</taxonomicName>
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. Scale bar: 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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Figures 2-5.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus flavigastris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavigastris">Aphanogmus flavigastris</taxonomicName>
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. 2 female body, lateral view 3 female head, frontal view; 4 female antenna, lateral view 5 female mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2: 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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; 3-5: 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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Head in dorsal view 1.5-1.7 times as wide as long, 1.2-1.4 times as wide as mesosoma; POL: OOL: LOL = 1.8: 1.5: 1.0. Head in frontal view (Fig. 3) 1.0-1.1 times as wide as high; malar space 0.3-0.5 times as long as eye height; lateral margin of torulus distinctly raised; intertorular carina distinct; frontal depression transversely reticulate; ocellar foveae absent; preocellar pit absent; facial pit absent; preoccipital furrow present and extends from anterior ocellus to occipital foramen; preoccipital carina absent; preoccipital lunula absent; occipital carina present; occipital depression absent; occiput smooth. Antenna (Fig. 4) 10 segmented; scape about 0.6 times as long as height of
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="79" start="start">head</pageBreakToken>
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, as long as distance between inner orbits; pedicel 2.0-2.5 times as long as flagellomere 1; the following segments gradually widened; flagellomere 7 about 2.0 times as wide as flagellomere 1; club 1 segmented.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Mesosoma 1.2-1.4 times as long as wide; 1.3-1.5 times as high as wide; ventral pronotal pit distinct; mesoscutum reticulate, sparsely setose (Fig. 5); setal base slightly pustulate; median mesoscutal sulcus complete; notaulus absent; parapsidal line absent; interaxillar sulcus present; scutoscutellar sulcus angled medially, foveolate, continuous with interaxillar sulcus; dorsal axillar area and mesoscutellum sculptured as mesoscutum, with distinct lateral carina which connects posterior mesoscutellar sulcus (Fig. 6); mesoscutellum 1.4-1.6 times as long as wide; anterior mesopleural sulcus distinct (Fig. 7); anterior mesopleural area finely reticulate with several setae; dorsal mesometapleural carina straight; anterior mesopleural sulcus perpendicularly intersecting dorsal mesometapleural carina; metapleural carina distinct, extends near dorsal mesometapleural carina.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Figures 6-9.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus flavigastris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavigastris">Aphanogmus flavigastris</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 6 female scutellum, antero-dorsal view 7 female mesosoma, lateral view 8 female fore wing, upper surface 9 male antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: 6: 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; 7: 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; 8, 9: 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Fore wing about 3.0 times as long as wide, with a darkly pigmented band (Fig. 8); radial vein 1.4-1.5 times as long as marginal vein. Metacoxa bare dorsally; longitudinal metacoxal carina present at base.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="80" start="start">Syntergum</pageBreakToken>
|
||
with distinct transverse carina anteriorly, smooth, with 2-3 setae anterolaterally, occupying more than half of total length of metasoma; longitudinal striae of syntergum absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">MALE. Differs from female as follows: Antenna (Fig. 9) 11 segmented; flagellar setae long, about 2.0 times width of flagellomeres.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="80" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Japan.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Host insects.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella acarisuga" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acarisuga">Feltiella acarisuga</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella acarivora" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acarivora">Feltiella acarivora</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Usually one, occasionally two or three adults emerged from a single host cocoon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, GA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" pagination="47 - 54" title="Two new species of Aphanogmus (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) of economic importance reared from Cybocephalusnipponicus (Coleoptera: Cybocephalidae)." volume="1018" year="2005">Evans et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed the following three species groups based on characteristics of the mesosoma and metasoma:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">clavicornis group: mesoscutal median furrow and metasomal basal carina absent. tenuicornis group: mesoscutal median furrow absent, metasomal basal carina present. fumipennis group: mesoscutal median furrow and metasomal basal carina present.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
|
||
According to the morphological features of these species groups, the new species belongs to the fumipennis group, while
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus fulmeki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulmeki">Aphanogmus fulmeki</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus floridanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridanus">Aphanogmus floridanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
that have been known as parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Feltiella</taxonomicName>
|
||
species belong to the clavicornis group and tenuicornis group, respectively. Therefore, the new species can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus fulmeki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulmeki">Aphanogmus fulmeki</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus floridanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridanus">Aphanogmus floridanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Among members of the fumipennis group, the new species shares the following characteristics with species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus hakonensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hakonensis">Aphanogmus hakonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Polaszak, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomological Research" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="419 - 422" title="Taxonomic problems in the Aphanogmushakonensis species complex (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae), common hyperparasitoids in biocontrol programs against lepidopterous pests in the tropics." url="10.1017/S0007485300035008" volume="86" year="1996">Polaszak and Dessart (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: median mesoscutal sulcus present; dorsal axillar area and mesoscutellum with distinct lateral carina; syntergum with distinct transverse carina anteriorly. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus flavigastris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavigastris">Aphanogmus flavigastris</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus hakonensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hakonensis">Aphanogmus hakonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex based on the following characters: fore wing with a darkly pigmented band (hyaline in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus hakonensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hakonensis">Aphanogmus hakonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex); antenna of female with flagellomere 2-7 not transverse (transverse in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus hakonensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hakonensis">Aphanogmus hakonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
|
||
The new species is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus inamicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inamicus">Aphanogmus inamicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
as it shares the following characters: median mesoscutal sulcus present; dorsal axillar area and mesoscutellum with distinct lateral carina; syntergum with distinct transverse carina anteriorly; fore wing with a darkly pigmented band; antenna of female with flagellomere 2-7 not transverse. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus flavigastris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavigastris">Aphanogmus flavigastris</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus inamicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inamicus">Aphanogmus inamicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following characters: club of antenna 1 segmented (3 segmented in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus inamicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inamicus">Aphanogmus inamicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); lateral carina on dorsal axillar area and mesoscutellum more raised than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus inamicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inamicus">Aphanogmus inamicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
; longitudinal striae of syntergum absent (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus inamicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inamicus">Aphanogmus inamicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); mesosoma dark brown (reddish yellow in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus inamicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inamicus">Aphanogmus inamicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); infuscate area on fore wing smaller (from marginal vein to posterior margin of fore wing in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus inamicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inamicus">Aphanogmus inamicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
|
||
According to a key to the Palaearctic species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aphanogmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Szelenyi, G" journalOrPublisher="Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="122 - 136" title="Die palaarktische arten der gattung Aphanogmus Thoms. (Hym. Proct.)." volume="33" year="1940">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szelényi">Szelenyi</normalizedToken>
|
||
1940
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the new species runs to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus fasciolatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">Aphanogmus fasciolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
|
||
based on the following characters: antenna clavate; club 1 segmented and longer than the preceding two segments combined; ra
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="81" start="start">dial</pageBreakToken>
|
||
vein longer than marginal vein. However, the new species could be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus fasciolatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">Aphanogmus fasciolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having longer pedicel that is distinctly longer than flagellomere 1 while
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus fasciolatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">Aphanogmus fasciolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the pedicel that is shorter than flagellomere 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
We need to monitor the seasonal abundance of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus flavigastris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavigastris">Aphanogmus flavigastris</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the successful application of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Feltiella</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, because its congener
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus floridanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridanus">Aphanogmus floridanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
that attacks
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella acarivora" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acarivora">Feltiella acarivora</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been regarded to act as a negative force in controlling
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Tetranychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetranychus urticae" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urticae">Tetranychus urticae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Koch (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Acari" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" rank="subclass" subclass="Acari">Acari</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tetranychidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" rank="family">Tetranychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) on strawberry in California (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Oatman, ER" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="714 - 716" title="Aphanogmusfloridanus (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae), a primary parasite of Feltiellaacarivora (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a predator of spider mites on strawberry." volume="87" year="1985">Oatman 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shimoda, T" journalOrPublisher="Applied Entomology and Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="233 - 240" title="A simple plant trap for collecting acariphagous insect predators and their parasitoids." url="10.1007/s13355-015-0393-0" volume="51" year="2016">Shimoda et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently developed a remarkable system for trapping
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Feltiella</taxonomicName>
|
||
species and other predators of spider mites using pots of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brassica rapa var. perviridis" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="rapa" variety="perviridis">Brassica rapa Linnaeus var. perviridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.H.Bailey (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Brassicaceae" lsidName="Acari" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘komatsuna’">'komatsuna'</normalizedToken>
|
||
in Japanese, which bore
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Tetranychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetranychus urticae" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urticae">Tetranychus urticae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They could rear an unidentified species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aphanogmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella acarisuga" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acarisuga">Feltiella acarisuga</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the trapping system. This method may be useful to collect plenty of individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Feltiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Feltiella" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Feltiella</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its parasitoids from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘komatsuna’">'komatsuna'</normalizedToken>
|
||
in the fields. Further field surveys are needed to verify the efficacy of this method as a monitoring tool for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanogmus flavigastris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavigastris">Aphanogmus flavigastris</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |