treatments-xml/data/E6/09/87/E60987AB2403E1619686FE42FA96F306.xml

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<mods:title id="083135F1816A4DFE5F959CA87C98523F">The Muscini flies of the world (Diptera, Muscidae): identification key and generic diagnoses</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FC3BF79C1D66B64F719626FE735EEAE7">Nihei, Silvio Shigueo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6900315E536E1484A8B4CD75839BA94B">Carvalho, Claudio José Barros De</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="6E1F36BD2403E1619686FE42FE3CF465" blockId="13.[151,427,511,537]" box="[151,427,511,537]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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Subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="A9A04D3E2403E1619706FE42FEE8F465" ID-CoL="5V64" ID-ENA="253340" box="[279,383,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Morellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="5CD4EAAF2403E1619706FE42FEE8F465" bold="true" box="[279,383,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Morellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="26BA65362403E1619686FDF7FE50F4FD" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6E1F36BD2403E1619686FDF7FE50F4FD" blockId="13.[151,1436,586,641]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="4EB011932403E1619686FDF7FE50F4FD" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="A9A04D3E2403E1619686FDF7FDDCF41D" ID-CoL="5V64" authority="Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 405" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityPageNumber="405" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,587,586,609]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Morellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5CD4EAAF2403E1619686FDF7FF64F41D" box="[151,243,586,609]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Morellia</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="EF0110AC2403E16196EAFDF7FDDCF41D" author="Robineau-Desvoidy" box="[251,587,586,609]" page="405" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1830">
<bibRefCitation id="0A314B4C2403E16196EAFDF7FD80F41D" author="Robineau-Desvoidy" box="[251,535,586,609]" pageId="13" pageNumber="23" refString="Robineau-Desvoidy, J. B. (1830) Essai sur les Myodaires. Memoires presentes par divers savants a l'Academie des sciences de l'Institut de France, 2, 1 - 813." type="journal article" year="1830">Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830</bibRefCitation>
: 405
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</taxonomicName>
(as genus). 
<typeStatus id="B11B881F2403E16194C0FDF7FC91F41D" box="[721,774,586,609]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="A9A04D3E2403E161957DFDF7FABBF41D" ID-CoL="44CY5" authority="Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[876,1324,586,609]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Morellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="5CD4EAAF2403E161957DFDF7FB9CF41D" box="[876,1035,586,609]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Morellia agilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0A314B4C2403E1619205FDF7FABBF41D" author="Robineau-Desvoidy" box="[1044,1324,586,609]" pageId="13" pageNumber="23" refString="Robineau-Desvoidy, J. B. (1830) Essai sur les Myodaires. Memoires presentes par divers savants a l'Academie des sciences de l'Institut de France, 2, 1 - 813." type="journal article" year="1830">Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[= 
<taxonomicName id="A9A04D3E2403E1619344FDF7FE2AF4FD" authority="Fallen, 1817" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1817" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hortorum">
<emphasis id="5CD4EAAF2403E1619344FDF7FEBBF4FD" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Musca hortorum</emphasis>
Fallén, 1817
</taxonomicName>
].
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="26BA65362403E1619686FD0FFB10F5BE" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6E1F36BD2403E1619686FD0FFB10F5BE" blockId="13.[151,1437,690,1402]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="5CD4EAAF2403E1619686FD0FFE80F4B0" bold="true" box="[151,279,690,716]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Colouration metallic bluish-black to violaceous; wing without maculae, but with maculae in several Neotropical species. Female with proclinate fronto-orbital usually developed; parafrons setulose on upper half; interfrontal seta absent. Postsutural intra-alars 1; intrapostalar present. Prosternum setulose or bare. Katepisternals 1+2. Wing with the basal portion of stem-vein setulose ventrally (bare in 
<taxonomicName id="A9A04D3E2403E16192A2FC97FA91F53F" box="[1203,1286,810,835]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Morellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basalis">
<emphasis id="5CD4EAAF2403E16192A2FC97FA91F53F" box="[1203,1286,810,835]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">basalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group); R4+5 setulose dorsally and ventrally; M bent forward towards R4+5 (
<figureCitation id="F69B2A382403E161956CFCE8FC42F513" box="[893,981,853,879]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 11. 9" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[311,1269,204,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[311,1269,194,1942]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 11. 9. Schematic presentation of Muscidae thorax, dorsal view. 10. Thorax (partial), Neomyia cornicina (Fabricius), lateral view. 11. Wing, Morellia podagrica (Loew). Figures 9 – 11 after Nihei and de Carvalho (2007 a)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185155/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Lower calypter enlarged posteriorly, extending under base of scutellum. Subcostal sclerite bare. Male mid femur of some species with a dorsal preapical protuberance bearing a dense set of setulae (
<figureCitation id="F69B2A382403E1619501FC15FCF0F5BE" box="[784,871,936,962]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 18" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[217,1392,211,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[194,1399,194,1902]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 18. Apex of mid femur and tibia: 15. Pyrellina distinct (Walker), female, posterior view. 16. Biopyrellia bipuncta, male, posterior view. 17. Morellia (Parapyrellia) maculipennis (Macquart), male, anterior view. 18. Morellia podagrica, male, posterior view. Figures 15 – 18 after Nihei and de Carvalho (2007 a). All figures on same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185157/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). Calcar weak or strong.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="26BA65362403E16196D4FC6DFE01F2CE" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6E1F36BD2403E16196D4FC6DFD35F246" blockId="13.[151,1437,690,1402]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="5CD4EAAF2403E16196D4FC6DFEC3F596" bold="true" box="[197,340,976,1002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Comments.</emphasis>
The monophyly of 
<taxonomicName id="A9A04D3E2403E161945AFC6CFD27F596" box="[587,688,977,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Morellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="5CD4EAAF2403E161945AFC6CFD27F596" box="[587,688,977,1002]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Morellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47E757D42403E16194AAFC6DFD76F596" box="[699,737,976,1002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was not supported by Nihei and de 
<bibRefCitation id="0A314B4C2403E16192B2FC6DFAEFF596" author="Carvalho" box="[1187,1400,976,1002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="22" refString="Nihei, S. S. &amp; de Carvalho, C. J. B. (2007 a) Phylogeny and classification of Muscini (Diptera, Muscidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 149, 493 - 532." type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="a">Carvalho (2007a)</bibRefCitation>
. A comprehensive phylogenetic study of 
<taxonomicName id="A9A04D3E2403E161944CFC44FD54F26E" box="[605,707,1017,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Morellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="5CD4EAAF2403E161944CFC44FD54F26E" box="[605,707,1017,1042]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Morellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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is required to clarify the composition of 
<taxonomicName id="A9A04D3E2403E16192CFFC44FAD3F26E" box="[1246,1348,1017,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Morellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="5CD4EAAF2403E16192CFFC44FAD3F26E" box="[1246,1348,1017,1042]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Morellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47E757D42403E161935CFC45FAE3F26E" box="[1357,1396,1016,1042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, as well as its relationship with other subgenera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E1F36BD2403E16196D4FBF5FE01F2CE" blockId="13.[151,1437,690,1402]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Note on 
<taxonomicName id="A9A04D3E2403E1619725FBF5FE10F21D" box="[308,391,1096,1121]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Morellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basalis">
<emphasis id="5CD4EAAF2403E1619725FBF5FE10F21D" box="[308,391,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">basalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group: This species-group was indicated as monophyletic by Nihei and de 
<bibRefCitation id="0A314B4C2403E1619320FBF5FF65F2F6" author="Carvalho" pageId="13" pageNumber="22" refString="Nihei, S. S. &amp; de Carvalho, C. J. B. (2007 a) Phylogeny and classification of Muscini (Diptera, Muscidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 149, 493 - 532." type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="a">Carvalho (2007a)</bibRefCitation>
and is composed so far of two Neotropical species, namely, 
<taxonomicName id="A9A04D3E2403E16195D5FBCDFB39F2F6" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[964,1198,1136,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Morellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basalis">
<emphasis id="5CD4EAAF2403E16195D5FBCDFBA8F2F5" box="[964,1087,1136,1161]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. basalis</emphasis>
(Walker)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="A9A04D3E2403E16192F8FBCDFE01F2CE" authority="Pamplona &amp; Mendes." authorityName="Pamplona &amp; Mendes." class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Morellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulistensis">
<emphasis id="5CD4EAAF2403E16192F8FBCDFA0BF2F5" box="[1257,1436,1136,1161]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. paulistensis</emphasis>
Pamplona &amp; Mendes.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="26BA65362403E16196D4FB7DFB52F2A6" box="[197,1221,1216,1242]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6E1F36BD2403E16196D4FB7DFB52F2A6" blockId="13.[151,1437,690,1402]" box="[197,1221,1216,1242]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="5CD4EAAF2403E16196D4FB7DFEC9F2A6" bold="true" box="[197,350,1216,1242]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution</emphasis>
(50 species). Afrotropical, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="26BA65362403E16196D4FB55FA96F306" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6E1F36BD2403E16196D4FB55FA96F306" blockId="13.[151,1437,690,1402]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="5CD4EAAF2403E16196D4FB55FEC2F37E" bold="true" box="[197,341,1256,1282]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">References.</emphasis>
Afrotropical species: 
<bibRefCitation id="0A314B4C2403E1619477FB55FD6AF37E" author="Peris" box="[614,765,1256,1282]" pageId="13" pageNumber="23" refString="Peris, S. V. (1961) Una nueva especie de Morellia de Camarones y synopsis de las especies etiopicas (Dipt. Muscidae). Eos, 37, 349 - 359." type="journal article" year="1961">Peris (1961)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="0A314B4C2403E161951FFB55FC22F37E" author="Zielke" box="[782,949,1256,1282]" pageId="13" pageNumber="24" refString="Zielke, E. (1971) Revision der Muscinae der athiopischen Region. Series Entomologica, 7, 1 - 199." type="journal article" year="1971">Zielke (1971)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="0A314B4C2403E16195D7FB55FB27F37E" box="[966,1200,1256,1282]" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="Couri, M. S., Pont, A. C. &amp; Penny, N. D. (2006) Muscidae (Diptera) from Madagascar: identification keys, descriptions of new species, and new records. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 57, 799 - 923." type="journal article">Couri et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
; Australasian: 
<bibRefCitation id="0A314B4C2403E1619377FB55FF7FF356" author="Pont" pageId="13" pageNumber="23" refString="Pont, A. C. (1973) Studies on Australian Muscidae (Diptera). IV. A revision of the subfamilies Muscinae and Stomoxyinae. Australian Journal of Zoology (Supplementary Series), 21, 129 - 296." type="journal article" year="1973">Pont (1973)</bibRefCitation>
; Nearctic: 
<bibRefCitation id="0A314B4C2403E161977AFAADFDB4F356" author="Huckett" box="[363,547,1296,1322]" pageId="13" pageNumber="22" refString="Huckett, H. C. (1965) The Muscidae of Northern Canada, Alaska and Greenland (Diptera). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 42, 1 - 370." type="journal article" year="1965">Huckett (1965)</bibRefCitation>
; Neotropical: 
<bibRefCitation id="0A314B4C2403E16194DCFAADFB8AF356" author="Pamplona" box="[717,1053,1296,1322]" pageId="13" pageNumber="22" refString="Pamplona, D. M. &amp; Couri, M. S. (1995) Morellia dendropanacis, a new species, and other species with spotted wings: characterization and comparison (Diptera: Muscidae: Muscinae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 108, 451 - 457." type="journal article" year="1995">Pamplona and Couri (1995)</bibRefCitation>
, de 
<bibRefCitation id="0A314B4C2403E1619240FAADFA0FF356" author="Carvalho" box="[1105,1432,1296,1322]" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="de Carvalho, C. J. B. &amp; Couri, M. S. (2002) Part I. Basal groups. In: de Carvalho, C. J. B. (Ed.), Muscidae (Diptera) of the Neotropical Region: taxonomy. Editora Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, pp. 17 - 132." type="book chapter" year="2002">Carvalho and Couri (2002)</bibRefCitation>
; Oriental: 
<bibRefCitation id="0A314B4C2403E1619717FA85FE27F32E" author="Emden" box="[262,432,1336,1362]" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="Emden, F. I. van (1965) Diptera. Vol. 7. Muscidae, Part 1. In: Sewell, R. B. S. &amp; Roonwal, M. L. (Eds), The Fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 647 pp." type="book" year="1965">Emden (1965)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="0A314B4C2403E16197ADFA85FD2DF32E" author="Xue" box="[444,698,1336,1362]" pageId="13" pageNumber="24" refString="Xue, W. &amp; Chao, C., eds. (1998) Flies of China. Vol. 1. Liaoning Science and Technology Press, Shenyang, 1365 pp." type="book" year="1998">Xue and Chao (1998)</bibRefCitation>
; Palaearctic: 
<bibRefCitation id="0A314B4C2403E1619544FA85FC63F32E" author="Zimin" box="[853,1012,1336,1362]" pageId="13" pageNumber="24" refString="Zimin, L. S. (1951) Family Muscidae (Tribes Muscini and Stomoxydini). Fauna USSR (n. s.), 45, 1 - 286." type="journal article" year="1951">Zimin (1951)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="0A314B4C2403E1619211FA85FB2CF32E" author="Hennig" box="[1024,1211,1336,1362]" pageId="13" pageNumber="22" refString="Hennig, W. (1964 a) 63 b. Muscidae. Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 7 (Lieferung 248), 961 - 1008." type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">Hennig (1964a)</bibRefCitation>
, 
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>