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<document id="D92707824E0D21B53C70DCE877AFD206" ID-CLB-Dataset="3806" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2002)360&lt;0001:TFGBPF&gt;2.0.CO;2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a64ab3ef-3b21-48c1-8e2e-79efc837b375" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4734807" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620067750315" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="DYKE, GARETH J. &amp; GULAS, BONNIE E." docDate="2002" docId="E3227F06FFE69458CAEDFA7A0320F928" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2002.3360.1-14.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3360" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282002%29360%3C0001%3ATFGBPF%3E2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Paraortygoides radagasti DYKE &amp; GULAS 2002, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="1F1B077EFFE4945ACA73FF80007AFFE5" masterDocTitle="The Fossil Galliform Bird Paraortygoides from the Lower Eocene of the United Kingdom" masterLastPageNumber="15" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698938110450" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="2287A96CB52EB4A6F180A9188E02BE0D">The Fossil Galliform Bird Paraortygoides from the Lower Eocene of the United Kingdom</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="69944CFB7F540098A5CD725DA19C7070">DYKE, GARETH J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="41D1ADE405F2926572589CA311612202">2002</mods:date>
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<treatment id="E3227F06FFE69458CAEDFA7A0320F928" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5604070" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189534497" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5604070" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E3227F06FFE69458CAEDFA7A0320F928" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E3227F06FFE69458CAEDFA7A0320F928" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="23919D9BFFE69458CAEDFA7A0211F9F4" box="[158,619,1530,1554]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6B34CE10FFE69458CAEDFA7A0211F9F4" blockId="2.[158,619,1530,1554]" box="[158,619,1530,1554]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="307C797CFFE69458CAEDFA7A0211F9F4" box="[158,619,1530,1554]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="8">
<emphasis id="59FF1202FFE69458CAEDFA7A01A9F9F7" bold="true" box="[158,467,1530,1554]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="AC8BB593FFE69458CAEDFA7A01B1F9F7" authority="DYKE &amp; GULAS, 2002" authorityName="DYKE &amp; GULAS" authorityYear="2002" box="[158,459,1530,1554]" class="Aves" family="Gallinuloididae" genus="Paraortygoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radagasti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="59FF1202FFE69458CAEDFA7A01B1F9F7" bold="true" box="[158,459,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paraortygoides radagasti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="42CCAF79FFE69458CBAEFA7A0211F9F4" box="[477,619,1530,1553]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="23919D9BFFE69458CAEAF9A40247F990" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6B34CE10FFE69458CAEAF9A40247F990" blockId="2.[124,653,1572,1741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
ETYMOLOGY: For the wizard of Middle Earth, Radagast the Brown, rabid communicator with birds (
<bibRefCitation id="0F1AB3E1FFE69458CB39F9DE024BF990" author="Tolkien, J. R. R." box="[330,561,1630,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref6784" refString="Tolkien, J. R. R. 1954. The fellowship of the ring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 423 pp." type="book" year="1954">Tolkien, 1954: 269</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23919D9BFFE69458CAEAF9FC03B6FD9F" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6B34CE10FFE69458CAEAF9FC04B9FDDB" blockId="2.[124,653,1572,1741]" lastBlockId="2.[700,1229,193,1741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<materialsCitation id="DBE3C44DFFE69458CAEAF9FC04B9FDDB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3394409301" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="B43070B2FFE69458CAEAF9FC0175F977" box="[153,271,1660,1683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="0D9A56D5FFE69458CB57F9FC0101F976" box="[292,379,1660,1683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">BMNH</collectionCode>
PAL A 6217 (figs. 2, 3, 4), partial associated specimen consisting of four cervical vertebrae; one sternal fragment; one sacral vertebra; eight rib fragments; three thoracic vertebrae; proximal right scapula; proximal end of right carpometacarpus; distal end of left femur; proximal end of left femur; caput of right femur; left distal femur; proximal end of left tibiotarsus; two fragmentary distal condyles of tibiotarsus; proximal end of left tarsometatarsus; right distal tarsometatarsus; ten pedals; and eleven indeterminate but associated bone fragments (including fragments of? skull bones). This specimen was referred to as a small gamebird by
<bibRefCitation id="0F1AB3E1FFE69458C98CFDA704C5FDDB" author="Harrison, C. J. O." box="[1023,1215,551,574]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="81 - 83" refId="ref6043" refString="Harrison, C. J. O. 1983. Fossil birds from the London Clay of Essex: the W. George and S. Vincent collections. Tertiary Research 5: 81 - 83." type="journal article" year="1983">Harrison (1983)</bibRefCitation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B34CE10FFE69458C8AAFDC503B6FD9F" blockId="2.[700,1229,193,1741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<materialsCitation id="DBE3C44DFFE69458C8AAFDC503B2FD9F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3394409302" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="B43070B2FFE69458C8AAFDC50331FDB9" box="[729,843,581,604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="0D9A56D5FFE69458C928FDC503C8FDB9" box="[859,946,581,604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">BMNH</collectionCode>
PAL A 5234, distal end of left tarsometatarsus
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23919D9BFFE69458C8AAFD01041CFCC8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="6B34CE10FFE69458C8AAFD01041CFCC8" blockId="2.[700,1229,193,1741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
LOCALITY AND HORIZON: Walton­on­the­ Naze,
<collectingRegion id="A94F00F2FFE69458C97AFD1F032AFD53" box="[777,848,671,694]" country="United Kingdom" name="Essex" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Essex</collectingRegion>
, southeast
<collectingCountry id="139C8E80FFE69458C9A1FD1F0449FD53" box="[978,1075,671,694]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">England</collectingCountry>
(fig. 1). Bed A2 of the London Clay Formation, Lower Eocene (Ypresian Stage;
<bibRefCitation id="0F1AB3E1FFE69458C99CFD5B0401FD17" author="King, C." box="[1007,1147,731,754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref6246" refString="King, C. 1981. The stratigraphy of the London Clay and associated deposits. Tertiary Research Special Paper 6: 1 - 158." type="journal article" year="1981">King, 1981</bibRefCitation>
). Both specimens were collected in 1977 by Mr. Steve Vincent (see
<bibRefCitation id="0F1AB3E1FFE69458C9D7FC960423FCC8" author="Harrison, C. J. O." box="[932,1113,790,813]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="81 - 83" refId="ref6043" refString="Harrison, C. J. O. 1983. Fossil birds from the London Clay of Essex: the W. George and S. Vincent collections. Tertiary Research 5: 81 - 83." type="journal article" year="1983">Harrison, 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23919D9BFFE69458C8AAFCB40320F928" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6B34CE10FFE69458C8AAFCB403BFFA5B" blockId="2.[700,1229,193,1741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
DIAGNOSIS: As discussed by
<bibRefCitation id="0F1AB3E1FFE69458CE5CFCB404B2FCAE" author="Mayr, G." box="[1071,1224,820,843]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="45 - 57" refId="ref6365" refString="Mayr, G. 2000. A new basal galliform bird from the Middle Eocene of Messel (Hessen, Germany). Senckenbergiana lethaea 80: 45 - 57." type="journal article" year="2000">Mayr (2000)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="AC8BB593FFE69458C8CFFCD2030BFC8C" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="2000" box="[700,881,850,873]" class="Aves" family="Gallinuloididae" genus="Paraortygoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59FF1202FFE69458C8CFFCD2030BFC8C" box="[700,881,850,873]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paraortygoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits a number of osteological characters that allow its placement within
<taxonomicName id="AC8BB593FFE69458C96AFC0E03D2FC40" authorityName="TEMMINCK" authorityYear="1820" box="[793,936,910,933]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Galliformes</taxonomicName>
. The new species described here, albeit less completely preserved than the known specimens of
<taxonomicName id="AC8BB593FFE69458CE6EFC4A04BCFC04" authorityName=", Mayr" authorityYear="2000" box="[1053,1222,970,993]" class="Aves" family="Gallinuloididae" genus="Paraortygoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="messelensis">
<emphasis id="59FF1202FFE69458CE6EFC4A04BCFC04" box="[1053,1222,970,993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. messelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, does preserve characters, including a cranially shifted processus pisiformis of carpometacarpus and an asymmetric plantar side of trochlea metatarsi III, that confirm its placement within the order (see
<bibRefCitation id="0F1AB3E1FFE69458CE45FBDF04BAFB93" author="Mayr, G." box="[1078,1216,1119,1142]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="45 - 57" refId="ref6365" refString="Mayr, G. 2000. A new basal galliform bird from the Middle Eocene of Messel (Hessen, Germany). Senckenbergiana lethaea 80: 45 - 57." type="journal article" year="2000">Mayr, 2000</bibRefCitation>
). However, none of the characters listed by
<bibRefCitation id="0F1AB3E1FFE69458C8CFFB1B03FFFB57" author="Mayr, G." box="[700,901,1179,1202]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="45 - 57" refId="ref6365" refString="Mayr, G. 2000. A new basal galliform bird from the Middle Eocene of Messel (Hessen, Germany). Senckenbergiana lethaea 80: 45 - 57." type="journal article" year="2000">Mayr (2000: 47)</bibRefCitation>
as uniquely diagnostic for this genus are preserved in BMNH PAL A 6217; hence, our referral of this fossil material to
<taxonomicName id="AC8BB593FFE69458C951FB7403ADFAEE" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="2000" box="[802,983,1268,1291]" class="Aves" family="Gallinuloididae" genus="Paraortygoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59FF1202FFE69458C951FB7403ADFAEE" box="[802,983,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paraortygoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is based on its clear similarity to the currently known specimens of
<taxonomicName id="AC8BB593FFE69458C8AEFAB003FCFAA2" authorityName=", Mayr" authorityYear="2000" box="[733,902,1328,1351]" class="Aves" family="Gallinuloididae" genus="Paraortygoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="messelensis">
<emphasis id="59FF1202FFE69458C8AEFAB003FCFAA2" box="[733,902,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. messelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="F3B0D295FFE69458C9E5FAB003A4FAA2" box="[918,990,1328,1351]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[149,187,800,821]" captionTargetBox="[129,644,185,778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[129,644,185,778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Comparisons of the preserved tarsometatarsi of Paraortygoides messelensis (holotype, SMF­ME 1303; A) and P. radagasti (holotype, BMNH PAL A 6217; B). Figure 4A courtesy of G. Mayr and the Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4734823" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4734823/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, below). Further generic diagnoses for
<taxonomicName id="AC8BB593FFE69458C9DEFACE0418FA80" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="2000" box="[941,1122,1358,1381]" class="Aves" family="Gallinuloididae" genus="Paraortygoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59FF1202FFE69458C9DEFACE0418FA80" box="[941,1122,1358,1381]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paraortygoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with respect to other well­represented Tertiary taxa (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="AC8BB593FFE69458C970FA0A039FFA44" authorityName="Mourer-Chauvire" authorityYear="1992" box="[771,997,1418,1441]" class="Aves" family="Quercymegapodiidae" genus="Quercymegapodius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59FF1202FFE69458C970FA0A039FFA44" box="[771,997,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Quercymegapodius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="AC8BB593FFE69458C984FA0A04EFFA44" authorityName="Eastman" authorityYear="1900" box="[1015,1173,1418,1441]" class="Aves" family="Gallinuloididae" genus="Gallinuloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59FF1202FFE69458C984FA0A04EFFA44" box="[1015,1173,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gallinuloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are given in
<bibRefCitation id="0F1AB3E1FFE69458C954FA2703BBFA5B" author="Mayr, G." box="[807,961,1447,1470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="45 - 57" refId="ref6365" refString="Mayr, G. 2000. A new basal galliform bird from the Middle Eocene of Messel (Hessen, Germany). Senckenbergiana lethaea 80: 45 - 57." type="journal article" year="2000">Mayr (2000)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B34CE10FFE69458C8AAFA450320F928" blockId="2.[700,1229,193,1741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="AC8BB593FFE69458C8AAFA45047CFA39" authority="DYKE &amp; GULAS, 2002" authorityName="DYKE &amp; GULAS" authorityYear="2002" box="[729,1030,1477,1500]" class="Aves" family="Gallinuloididae" genus="Paraortygoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radagasti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="59FF1202FFE69458C8AAFA45047CFA39" box="[729,1030,1477,1500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paraortygoides radagasti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="42CCAF79FFE69458CE64FA450423FA39" box="[1047,1113,1477,1500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, is differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="AC8BB593FFE69458C912FA64042AFA1F" authority="Mayr" authorityName=", Mayr" authorityYear="2000" box="[865,1104,1507,1531]" class="Aves" family="Gallinuloididae" genus="Paraortygoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="messelensis">
<emphasis id="59FF1202FFE69458C912FA640470FA1E" box="[865,1034,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. messelensis</emphasis>
Mayr
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of the following characters: facies articularis humeralis of scapula larger and more robust; processus extensorius of carpometacarpus narrower and more proximally upturned; processus pisiformis more prominent. Measurements of preserved elements are given in
<tableCitation id="2609FBABFFE69458C971F936032FF928" box="[770,853,1718,1741]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[342,416,194,213]" captionTargetId="figure-30@6.[124,652,344,1408]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1 Measurements (mm) of Preserved Elements of Holotype Specimen of Paraortydoides radagasti (BMNH PAL A 6217" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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