234 lines
32 KiB
XML
234 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="60B5FF0BF2BDA155265E44A94CAB5400" ID-CLB-Dataset="33950" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.180.2509" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ebd4e076-ef1a-4a12-8c61-b7e4a155dbf7" ID-PMC="PMC3332005" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-180-1" ID-PubMed="22539902" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-180-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 180" ModsDocTitle="A new species of Enterognathus (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Enterognathidae) collected from the Seto Inland Sea, western Japan" checkinTime="1451249176148" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ohtsuka, Susumu, Shimomura, Michitaka & Kitazawa, Kota" docDate="2012" docId="9B25937FC06597AF7FA2F10191141657" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 180: 1-8" docOrigin="ZooKeys 180" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.180.2509" docTitle="Enterognathus inabai Ohtsuka, Shimomura & Kitazawa, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFEDF44EFF9D203CFF884340FFC6CA36" masterDocTitle="A new species of Enterognathus (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Enterognathidae) collected from the Seto Inland Sea, western Japan" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732887047734" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B8443FB719E6F86BD613052357CFF054">A new species of Enterognathus (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Enterognathidae) collected from the Seto Inland Sea, western Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6A2F0E0129BB7BCB05D7C4B90D6F8C5D">Ohtsuka, Susumu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55BC5BF3025F507A9B441D1214194770">Shimomura, Michitaka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A1F10C9AC941F5D5BE917FB6DF542B59">Kitazawa, Kota</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5A08571FBF723066C76C29717D5EBAA3">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0F45D661E1841DD4C3249A6DAFDA24AE">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F03AF2D2CA812ABBE263CC7293A70C86">180</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="5018D88E1A0D1804C470D32CD48452BF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="732D053124589D00BDCFE64E14D2FB4B" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.180.2509</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4E7B22ACD3FC02EB74C09DC9808B8B1B" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-180-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9B25937FC06597AF7FA2F10191141657" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152034425" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E102BE09-F9D6-42CF-8C1F-5AA04090276D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9B25937FC06597AF7FA2F10191141657" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Copepoda" scope_family="Enterognathidae" scope_order="Cyclopoida">
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<subSubSection id="B4BA1FD3EF05E1F28A2592D193773A59" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CBC4C16429491AF936D26B2D5B357A6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="AADF46B589E04855827082062A35C626" ID-CoL="39Y5B" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E102BE09-F9D6-42CF-8C1F-5AA04090276D" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus inabai" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inabai">Enterognathus inabai</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A615EE035B3714E872B87B2411837C20" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1-2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2652352D9460073509B5E34BA7EBFC85" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="material examined">
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<paragraph id="BD4F578F6A78705E30A05DD176E49B01" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3AE1E3C073B166A477CD5022B6695115" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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An adult female found from the crinoid
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<taxonomicName id="BEB704744A19D5E0654C7173F6EC9702" class="Crinoidea" family="Mariametridae" genus="Lamprometra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lamprometra" order="Comatulida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Lamprometra</taxonomicName>
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sp. collected from the central part of the Seto Inland Sea, western Japan (
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<geoCoordinate id="B90B47B48017CA4D1AD1921C0ED9C451" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.009834">34°0.590'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="A0ECFF251F92FF4AFB10A610C2F9A01C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="132.73866">132°44.32'E</geoCoordinate>
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-
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<geoCoordinate id="1A12FAE1E6E08D5CD4B824856E7065F9" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.009983">34°0.599'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="3B87A9BCCA700F0A219885C9CC45BF4F" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="132.73917">132°44.35'E</geoCoordinate>
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), at depths of 46.7-46.9 m, November 7, 2011.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D7BAF28BBE1C0F2C5DB058D7A36E6ACA" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">
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<paragraph id="18116E6B97B89D6D5041A501EC5D47CA" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<pageBreakToken id="D7A9750BD851C138004BFC2CD2295CC8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" start="start">Holotype</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B712065CD42C42A26855B9140F8ED2A2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">♀, partly dissected, with appendages on 5 slides and body in a vial (KMNH IvR 500,539).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3A2DCD5A6AFF4EA3338A6292A82E3C0A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1A33F95932FF856C2D1A12DB6C8BE66C" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="63AD4669BB1B9520860F5C42C7C86DA9" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Female. Body (Fig. 1A) 5.17 mm long, from anterior tip of rostrum to caudal ramus excluding caudal setae, flattened dorso-ventrally, weakly sclerotized, elongate, but tagmosis clearly defined. Cephalosome ca. 1.2 times wider than long; rostrum (Fig. 1B) defined basally, slightly asymmetrical with 2 pairs of hair-sensilla. First to fifth pedigerous somites about 2.5, 1.6, 1.6, 1.2 and 1.7 times wider than long, respectively; fourth pedigerous somite (slightly twisted toward right side in Fig. 1A) exhibiting maximum width; genital double-somite protruded laterally into triangular process; each genital opening (Fig. 1C) covered with operculum representing leg 6 and armed with minute seta; single copulatory pore possibly located on posteroventral surface as in
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<taxonomicName id="456421C819701DCB7694389FAC14EFA0" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus comatulae" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatulae">Enterognathus comatulae</taxonomicName>
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(see Fig. 4 in
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<bibRefCitation id="B53E176F3AEFDBC4FFAFD040B2C57C91" author="Giesbrecht, W" journalOrPublisher="Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="61 - 82" title="Mittheilungen ueber Copepoden, 14. Enterognathus comatulae, ein neuer Darmparasit." volume="14" year="1900">Giesbrecht 1900</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="5019F5AFA937554DD2702571C531A152" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Parenterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parenterognathus troglodytes" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">Parenterognathus troglodytes</taxonomicName>
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(see Fig. 2M in
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<bibRefCitation id="198E53E3BBA4889DA196F19AE3362855" author="Ohtsuka, S" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="689 - 696" title="A new genus of endoparasitic copepods (Cyclopoida: Enterognathidae), forming a gall in the calyx of deep-sea crinoids." url="10.2108/zsj.27.689" volume="27" year="2010">Ohtsuka et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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), but not clearly seen due to damage. First post-genital somite expanded anterolaterally; second and third (anal) free abdominal somites nearly as long as wide. Caudal rami (Fig. 1A, D) symmetrical, slightly curved outward, about 3.7 times as long as wide; caudal setae I to III rudimentary, IV slender, V thick and VI positioned subterminally.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="00B369356891572762A740E9DC766E8A" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<paragraph id="4ECB60792BCEAB4D4377999E1146E90A" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 1. Enterognathus inabai sp. n. holotype female: A Habitus, dorsal view B Rostrum, dorsal view C Genital opening, right, dorsal view D Caudal ramus, left, dorsal view E Antennule F Antenna G Mandible H Labrum and paragnath, ventral view I Maxillule J Other maxillule K Maxilla. Scales in mm.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="64EA9618B7499550592DBBDB9052B8A1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="6D906D1762F0DCA54DB2471625F96822" genus="Antennule" lsidName="Antennule" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="genus">Antennule</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 1E) short, 3-segmented; first segment unarmed; second segment longest, with 10 short setae; third segment with 11 setae. Antenna (Fig. 1F) short, 2-segmented; basal segment long, unarmed; distal segment short, with 1 short seta and 1 rudimentary seta at tip. Mandible (Fig. 1G) with heavily sclerotized gnathobase; cutting edge with large and dorsal and ventral teeth and 2 smaller teeth; palp represented by simple seta. Labrum (Fig. 1H) with concave posterior margin. Paragnath (Fig. 1H) large, expanded distally, hirsute along inner margin. Maxillule (Fig. 1I) 2-segmented; proximal segment bearing praecoxal endite armed with 1 spiniform element and short seta distally; distal segment with 1 subterminal seta, 1 distal spine and row of spinules; other member of pair (Fig. 1J) abnormal, bilobed, with 2 spiniform elements and seta. Maxillae (Fig. 1K) connected by intercoxal sclerite; syncoxa with triangular process and single endite furnished with distal seta; basis with stout spine terminally; endopod represented by rudimentary seta. Maxilliped absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E736A82890C0C2979099D21432543298" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Legs 1-4 biramous, with 2-segmented rami. Legs 1 and 2-4 ventrally and ventrolaterally positioned on pediger, respectively. Leg 1 (Fig. 2A, B) with minute outer setule on coxa; basis furnished with developed naked outer seta basally; first exopodal segment with 3 setules and longer distal setal element on outer margin, second segment sickle-shaped, abruptly curved outward, terminated at round tip, with naked seta at outer midlength; first endopodal segment broad, with 2 rounded projections, second segment bulbous, with minute seta terminally. Legs 2-4 (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken id="E30C322C799CA3D529BEE56BFBE365B6" originalValue="C–H">C-H</normalizedToken>
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) similar to each other, but gradually increasing in size; first exopodal segment bearing 3 or 2 setules/setal elements in legs 2 and 3-4, respectively; second exopodal segment curved outward, sharply pointed, with minute setule midway or subterminally; first endopodal segment produced outward into triangular process; second endopodal segment spatulate, unarmed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2CCD73D47A0DF33DD07E42815AFC6E45" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<pageBreakToken id="61398EBF1AFCE1C4C1D071146D79F976" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">Leg</pageBreakToken>
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5 (Fig. 1A) 1-segmented, with 1 basal and 2 terminal, developed setae and 1 minute seta subterminally. Leg 6 (Fig. 1C) represented by genital operculum bearing minute seta.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="62B33CF0312F0D107817674E076DC62D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Male unknown.</paragraph>
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<caption id="AB2BF33F82ACE9ACD6ACC3C7D973E19D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<paragraph id="429AE7CBE1EF6E14DDE3121499A8947D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 2. Enterognathus inabai sp. n. holotype female: A Leg 1, posterior view B Leg 1 excluding coxa (more or less flattened), posterior view C Leg 2, posterior view D Leg 2 excluding coxa, anterior view E Leg 3, posterior view F Leg 3 excluding coxa, anterior view G Leg 4, posterior view H Leg 4 excluding coxa and second endopodal segment, anterior view. Scales in mm.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2843F489A4367E4DD9AB233EFAF67929" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="D7F078E57F02B3D6B69FB3CD3E0AA49E" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D01F277901C33EEA0293EC6C31003F45" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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The new specific name
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<normalizedToken id="5E231312B2395E3104BA1164A6806EB9" originalValue="“inabai”">"inabai"</normalizedToken>
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is named in honor of the late emeritus Professor Akihiko Inaba (Hiroshima University) who made great contributions to the faunistic surveys of the Seto Inland Sea (
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<bibRefCitation id="3E21ECD420C3DE145D888A14B2C32A96" author="Inaba, A" journalOrPublisher="Mukaishima Marine Biological Station, Hiroshima University" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" title="Fauna and flora of Seto Inland Sea I, 2 nd edition." year="1983">Inaba 1983</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="35315C5C8640291F6022BADD0F23908A" author="Inaba, A" journalOrPublisher="Mukaishima Marine Biological Station, Hiroshima University" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" title="Fauna and flora of the Seto Inland Sea II, 2 nd edition." year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="157E503D9EBAAC523C85FC56C89B79E5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="comparison">
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<paragraph id="0828A970957391039EB38874A4CFC855" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Comparison.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B52D5CD3B629D07E91521E1610BD315D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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The present new species is more closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="98583A59E8FD2E3E6BED321F319E1722" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus lateripes" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateripes">Enterognathus lateripes</taxonomicName>
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from the Red Sea than to
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<taxonomicName id="9A0E1B4B3D95767F0FA8D62037835BFD" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus comatulae" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatulae">Enterognathus comatulae</taxonomicName>
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from the northeastern Atlantic in sharing synapomorphies such as reductions in segmentation and setation: (1) only one developed seta on the caudal ramus (2 developed setae in
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<taxonomicName id="D127649DBA69BE1FF767E197C69C8DE9" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus comatulae" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatulae">Enterognathus comatulae</taxonomicName>
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); (2) 2-segmented antenna lacking a basal seta (3-segmented, with a single seta on the first segment); (3) a single element on the maxillary basis (2 elements); (4) fewer elements on the distal endopodal and exopodal segments of leg 1 (more elements); (5) 3 developed setae on the fifth leg (4 developed setae).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="92A60A59E550A0D7E0692AC58C3E06C9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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However it is readily distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="3476811EBA33BAC01058DC145491DE75" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus lateripes" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateripes">Enterognathus lateripes</taxonomicName>
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in the following features: (1) pedigers 2-5 wider than long (longer than wide in the latter); (2) the first post-genital somite much wider than long (about as long as wide); (3) the second and third post-genital somites about as long as wide (longer than wide); (4) the caudal ramus with 6 setae (4 setae); (5) the terminal seta of the antenna shorter than the second segment (longer); (6) the fifth leg armed with 3 developed setae and 1 minute setule (3 developed setae only); (7) the shape of the distal endopodal segments of legs 1 and 2-4 bulbous and spatulate, respectively (more or less irregular-shaped).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="280C4AAD0502DA387DCA331635FECBA8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Members of the
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<taxonomicName id="520A0A9453D3A714603B360EA74A50BC" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Enterognathidae</taxonomicName>
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have been characterized by the possession of a maximum of 4 setae on the female caudal ramus (see
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<bibRefCitation id="C3CE4FE6F636BC23EC7A2D1D9563D139" author="Boxshall, GA" journalOrPublisher="The Ray Society, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" title="An introduction to copepod diversity." year="2004">Boxshall and Halsey 2004</bibRefCitation>
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). However the new species clearly bears 6 setae on each caudal ramus. It is probable that highly reduced setae such seta I have been overlooked in previous works. In addition, the endopods of legs 1-4 of
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<taxonomicName id="3BF78107BEC6700C4281EBF2CDE86D3D" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus lateripes" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateripes">Enterognathus lateripes</taxonomicName>
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seem to have been misinterpreted by
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<bibRefCitation id="12DF96927BE0CA7DD1D03919535FBFB2" author="Stock, JH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings, Koninklijke, Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, Series C" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="211 - 216" title="Copepoda associated with invertebrates from the Gulf of Aqaba. 2. Enterognathus lateripes n. sp., a new endoparasite of Crinoida (Cyclopoida, Ascidicolidae)." volume="69" year="1966">Stock (1966)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="780992495C9A62AAB931DFDC7023DC5B" author="Stock, JH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings, Koninklijke, Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, Series C" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="211 - 216" title="Copepoda associated with invertebrates from the Gulf of Aqaba. 2. Enterognathus lateripes n. sp., a new endoparasite of Crinoida (Cyclopoida, Ascidicolidae)." volume="69" year="1966">Stock (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
interpreted a projection between both rami as originating from the basis, but it is revealed in the present study that it comes from the first endopodal segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2580DF24B6E9242AE6F339B59D042AB7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE30076EE3F8371CFE9A3C549099FAB2" author="Giesbrecht, W" journalOrPublisher="Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="61 - 82" title="Mittheilungen ueber Copepoden, 14. Enterognathus comatulae, ein neuer Darmparasit." volume="14" year="1900">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="48E5B4EF3E8D6C76C25DE56FEC93D36C" originalValue="Giesbrecht’s">Giesbrecht's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1900)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
descriptions of adults and copepodid stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CC2A6DF327BB88AB490359420C4EF032" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus comatulae" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatulae">Enterognathus comatulae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are so elaborate that we can provide some morphological and evolutionary comments on the genus. A copulatory pore is located ventrally in the middle of the genital double-somite in this species (Fig. 4 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="53E7F74AD8ABB0DA33FABC063C18A273" author="Giesbrecht, W" journalOrPublisher="Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="61 - 82" title="Mittheilungen ueber Copepoden, 14. Enterognathus comatulae, ein neuer Darmparasit." volume="14" year="1900">Giesbrecht 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although the area around the copulatory pore of the new species is damaged, it seems to be located as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B176D02E3CC632B22646B3F4BDEC0C34" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus comatulae" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatulae">Enterognathus comatulae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in consideration of the configuration of the paired gonopores. As already pointed out by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="94A2BDE9D0AD53B9AD28567CA5E2A9C0" author="Stock, JH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings, Koninklijke, Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, Series C" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="211 - 216" title="Copepoda associated with invertebrates from the Gulf of Aqaba. 2. Enterognathus lateripes n. sp., a new endoparasite of Crinoida (Cyclopoida, Ascidicolidae)." volume="69" year="1966">Stock (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 4 post-genital somites are clearly illustrated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B10BA5D9EE0F07C2484FA71A140C61C6" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus comatulae" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatulae">Enterognathus comatulae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ab2-5 in Fig. 1 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B73439060630AE0E593ED1D731019605" author="Giesbrecht, W" journalOrPublisher="Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="61 - 82" title="Mittheilungen ueber Copepoden, 14. Enterognathus comatulae, ein neuer Darmparasit." volume="14" year="1900">Giesbrecht 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB84F0C9E5B79CC5FB294559A621F8CC" author="Giesbrecht, W" journalOrPublisher="Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="61 - 82" title="Mittheilungen ueber Copepoden, 14. Enterognathus comatulae, ein neuer Darmparasit." volume="14" year="1900">Giesbrecht (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
seems to have misinterpreted his "second abdominal" somite (Ab2) as a real somite, possibly due to a clear suture line separating it from the genital somite. If a separate genital somite is retained, this might indicate that a reversal or secondary separation of the first post-genital somite from the genital somite has occurred as known in some other copepods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C03BC98BB6A6B7BFC844B98EE6870450" author="Huys, R" journalOrPublisher="The Ray Society, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" title="Copepod evolution." year="1991">Huys and Boxshall 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The caudal ramus of the third copepodid stage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="175B6899B5888FA5D1836FE4DDB130D6" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus comatulae" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatulae">Enterognathus comatulae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 3 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="11899A06CED1C6634DD73A20D8DE46AE" author="Giesbrecht, W" journalOrPublisher="Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="61 - 82" title="Mittheilungen ueber Copepoden, 14. Enterognathus comatulae, ein neuer Darmparasit." volume="14" year="1900">Giesbrecht 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ED753A89979B5ECC5D614B9C01D6903" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus inabai" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inabai">Enterognathus inabai</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggesting that this character might be neotenic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C690AA2563C59659C0D861D5F412B683" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="zoogeography">
|
||
<paragraph id="9AEF65144740A056389111D7656C9CD4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="8DCB1F3278F7E8E458124676BB173BE4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Zoogeography</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B3B1FAE4AD6F3724B473D7B9C147609" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F2759879348374523E59003721689F3" author="Ohtsuka, S" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="689 - 696" title="A new genus of endoparasitic copepods (Cyclopoida: Enterognathidae), forming a gall in the calyx of deep-sea crinoids." url="10.2108/zsj.27.689" volume="27" year="2010">Ohtsuka et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
pointed out that the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AAD73DFB7003153918D0135C39C5537A" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Enterognathus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F6C4F0E990BFAD2A4EFE87435B99036" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Parenterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parenterognathus" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parenterognathus</taxonomicName>
|
||
whose hosts are shallow- to deep-water crinoids are distributed in the northeastern Atlantic through the Red Sea to the West Pacific, and that their origin could have dated back to the early late Paleocene. The present discovery shows that the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2549F28B8E8AFA54A7C86DF9930C4F3" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Enterognathus</taxonomicName>
|
||
alone shows this broad distributional pattern in the Indo-West Pacific plus the northeastern Atlantic. These endoparasitic genera seem to have originated from warm, shallow waters along the southern Eurasian coast of the Tethys Sea in the Paleocene when the North American continent was already separated and located far from Eurasian continent, and simultaneously expanded their horizontal distribution to both the northeastern Atlantic and the Indo-West Pacific since then, as inferred by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40ACAABA7F100A13FFBBD06D7F6FA0F4" author="Ho, J-s" journalOrPublisher="Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" title="Cladistics of Sunaristes, a genus of harpacticoid copepods associated with hermit crab. Hydrobiologia 167 / 168: 555 - 560." url="10.1007/BF00026352" year="1988">Ho (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the commensal harpacticoid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="569D3909618988538A377A56C4D7FC0C" class="Copepoda" family="Canuellidae" genus="Sunaristes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sunaristes" order="Polyarthra" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sunaristes</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hesse, 1867 which exhibits a similar modern distribution pattern. In addition, it may be that the ancestor of enterognathids had vertically colonized new frontiers or deep waters since then, because the monotypic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA730FE42B38ADA4D6358FB96BACC8C" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Parenterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parenterognathus" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parenterognathus</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected from depths of 775-787 m (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B4E38F1170572D1351B75B38CED2B203" author="Ohtsuka, S" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="689 - 696" title="A new genus of endoparasitic copepods (Cyclopoida: Enterognathidae), forming a gall in the calyx of deep-sea crinoids." url="10.2108/zsj.27.689" volume="27" year="2010">Ohtsuka et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Various symbioses between copepods and invertebrate hosts could have been newly established in shallow- to deep-waters since the Paleocene.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="1E39E948B0DCF9618940424D6F7BF1D2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="key to species of enterognathus (females only)">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B872E4A53BAF58A96A3635BD59A0297" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Key to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAC28C7F7A15C45F9B94FF7075370367" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Enterognathus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(females only)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5004AE520C9BD9C9D3BFFF2F35D3BBE2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<table id="6493B877138AFE23012E1F04C3650214" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<tr id="2D51686FE518A2B1901B98FD4AB42C22" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<td id="6A6F8D00B93DD2997D1C090111C22EE3" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5769328A4456F2D9D94F8157635BE1B8" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus comatulae" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatulae">Enterognathus comatulae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DA0C9E8BC02E2AD1E0ECEAE7B3B5353B" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<td id="F171CA47BCA06454A7489FD34C5DBE31" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B49BA0F312A654C95B17C29A271042" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus inabai" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inabai">Enterognathus inabai</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2E974801241EA6D919C26CB117D56678" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<td id="2A1A8E62F46E11548B3105656A6CB69C" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C0AB55FFDD13E3DDE5AF26784428C61" class="Copepoda" family="Enterognathidae" genus="Enterognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterognathus lateripes" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateripes">Enterognathus lateripes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |