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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.429.7865" ID-GBIF-Dataset="46ea928d-fb81-430d-9704-6b8c5677bd78" ID-PMC="PMC4137299" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-429-69" ID-PubMed="25147471" ID-ZBK="4322446BEB524872B72EC763D1050E56" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-429-69" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 429" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Pyrgulopsis gilae (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) species complex, with descriptions of two new species from the Gila River basin, New Mexico" checkinTime="1451245557665" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hershler, Robert, Ratcliffe, Victoria, Liu, Hsiu-Ping, Lang, Brian &amp; Hay, Claire" docDate="2014" docId="4AB8D95EDF0717D14DD7A824765BD661" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 429: 69-85" docOrigin="ZooKeys 429" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.429.7865" docTitle="Pyrgulopsis marilynae Hershler, Ratcliffe, Liu, Lang and Hay, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="A641736C-650D-4649-B8AD-5A012AFB3396" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="FFD3FFC0FFD1FF98F0589710880A0967" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Pyrgulopsis gilae (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) species complex, with descriptions of two new species from the Gila River basin, New Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="69" pageNumber="74" updateTime="1668159062728" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the Pyrgulopsis gilae (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) species complex, with descriptions of two new species from the Gila River basin, New Mexico</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hershler, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ratcliffe, Victoria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Hsiu-Ping</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lang, Brian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hay, Claire</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>429</mods:number>
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<mods:start>69</mods:start>
<mods:end>85</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.429.7865</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.429.7865</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-429-69</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152054725" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A641736C-650D-4649-B8AD-5A012AFB3396" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4AB8D95EDF0717D14DD7A824765BD661" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="74" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Taxon classification Animalia ORDO Hydrobiidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="74" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/A641736C-650D-4649-B8AD-5A012AFB3396" authority="Hershler, Ratcliffe, Liu, Lang and Hay" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis marilynae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marilynae">Pyrgulopsis marilynae Hershler, Ratcliffe, Liu, Lang and Hay</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="74">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 3, 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="AB">A-B</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="74" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Pyrgulopsis gilae</taxonomicName>
(clade II).-Liu et al. 2013.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="74" type="types">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
Holotype, USNM 1135068 (a dry shell), spring 0.48 km north, 0.48 km west of Jordan Canyon, Catron County, New Mexico,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.2909">33.2909°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-108.2681">108.2681°W</geoCoordinate>
, 1 October 2009, Michelle Christman. Paratypes, USNM 1231474 (from same lot).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="74" type="referred material">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Referred material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
NEW MEXICO. Catron County: USNM 1123432, USNM 1123588, spring 0.8 km north, 0.64 km west of Jordan Canyon (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.2889">33.2889°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-108.2683">108.2683°W</geoCoordinate>
), USNM 1135067, spring 0.97 km north, 0.64 km west of Jordan Canyon (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.2924">33.2924°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-108.2696">108.2696°W</geoCoordinate>
), USNM 883175, Jordan Hot Spring (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.2927">33.2927°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-108.2692">108.2692°W</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="74" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
Distinguished from
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Pyrgulopsis gilae</taxonomicName>
and the species described next (
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis similis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="similis">Pyrgulopsis similis</taxonomicName>
) by its narrower shell (mean shell width/shell height 0.613 vs. 0.682, t=-9.6588, df=36.2176, P&lt;0.0001, n=30 for
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Pyrgulopsis gilae</taxonomicName>
; 0.613 vs. 0.734, t=-16.3617, df=18.9656, P&lt;0.0001, n=11 for
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis similis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="similis">Pyrgulopsis similis</taxonomicName>
), more pronounced whorl shoulders, and broad overlap of the ventral surface of the penis by the terminal gland (probably reflecting fusion with a distal ventral gland). Further differs from
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Pyrgulopsis gilae</taxonomicName>
in its smaller size (mean shell height 2.77 vs. 3.47 mm, t=-11.3848, df=21.9544, P&lt;0.0001) and (basal) extension of the outer penial gland to mid-line or left edge of penis. Further differs from
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis similis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="similis">Pyrgulopsis similis</taxonomicName>
in its larger size (mean shell height 2.77 vs. 2.36 mm, t=7.3691, df=15.3701, P&lt;0.0001), smaller number of dorsal glands on the penis, and larger size of the terminal and ventral glands on the penis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
Shell (Fig. 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="AB">A-B</normalizedToken>
) narrow-conic, whorls 4.5-5.0. Teleoconch whorls convex, shoulders narrow, angular, sutures impressed. Aperture ovate, angled above, parietal lip complete, usually slightly disjunct, umbilicus narrow. Outer lip thin, orthocline.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
Operculum (Fig. 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="CD">C-D</normalizedToken>
) as for genus; edges of last 0.5 whorl weakly frilled on outer side; portion of muscle attachment margin thickened on inner side. Radula (Fig. 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="EG">E-G</normalizedToken>
) as for genus; dorsal edge of central teeth concave, lateral cusps
<normalizedToken originalValue="fourfive">four-five</normalizedToken>
, basal cusp one. Lateral teeth having
<normalizedToken originalValue="twothree">two-three</normalizedToken>
cusps on both inner and outer sides. Inner marginal teeth with 14-20 cusps, outer marginal teeth with 17-22 cusps. Radula data are from USNM 1135067.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
Penial filament and penial lobe about equal in length (Fig. 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="AB">A-B</normalizedToken>
). Filament having two (penial) glands on dorsal surface; inner gland shorter. Outer penial gland curving to mid-line (10/24 specimens) or left edge of penis (14/24 specimens), the latter condition probably represents fusion with a gland on the left edge (Dg2). Terminal gland elongate, horizontal, broadly overlapping ventral surface of penis. Dorsal surface of penis
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="75" start="start">having</pageBreakToken>
gland along right edge of lobe (Dg3) and 2-3 additional glands (22/24 specimens); one specimen did not have any additional glands and one specimen had four additional glands. Ventral gland positioned near centrally. Penial data are from USNM 1135067.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="76" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="76" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
The specific epithet is a patronym honoring Marilyn Myers (United States Fish and Wildlife Service, retired) for her dedicated efforts to survey
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pyrgulopsis</taxonomicName>
habitats in the upper Gila River basin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="76" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
A series of seeps and springs along the north side of short reach (ca. 0.25 km) of the Middle Fork Gila River just below Jordan Hot Spring (Fig. 1). The type locality is a seep wall which is the lower-most occurrence of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis marilynae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marilynae">Pyrgulopsis marilynae</taxonomicName>
along the Middle Fork Gila River; the water temperature at this site was 25°C on 1 October 2009.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="76" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis marilyane" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marilyane">Pyrgulopsis marilyane</taxonomicName>
was resolved as sister to
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Pyrgulopsis gilae</taxonomicName>
(100% posterior probability) in the molecular phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 2). The apparent fusion of the terminal and distal ventral glands of the penis that characterizes this species (in part) was previously reported for
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis sadai" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sadai">Pyrgulopsis sadai</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Hershler, R" journalOrPublisher="The Veliger" pageId="13" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 132" title="A systematic review of the hydrobiid snails (Gastropoda: Rissooidea) of the Great Basin, western United States. Part I. Genus Pyrgulopsis." volume="41" year="1998">Hershler 1998</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 39I). The sample attributed to Jordan Hot Spring (USNM 883175) may have been collected instead from a closely proximal spring as
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Pyrgulopsis gilae</taxonomicName>
has not been found at the former locality during recent surveys (
<bibRefCitation author="USFWS, (United States Fish and Wildlife Service)" journalOrPublisher="Federal Register" pageId="14" pageNumber="83" title="Species profile assessment form for the Pyrgulopsis gilae. 20 pp." url="http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/candidate/assessments/2011/r2/G04A_I01.pdf" year="2011 b">USFWS 2011b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
Table 2. Frequency distribution of NDI haplotypes detected in
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Pyrgulopsis gilae</taxonomicName>
. n=sample size.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<table pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">Haplotype (specimen code)</td>
<td colspan="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">Sample</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">G1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">G2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">G3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">G4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">G5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">G6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">G7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">G8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">G9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">G10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">G11</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">G13</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">G14</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">n</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="D7EEB6D08539364BEE19FA80CB2E478C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D7EEB6D08539364BEE19FA80CB2E478C" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
Table 3. Mean NDI sequence divergence (maximum composite likelihood) within and among
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Pyrgulopsis gilae</taxonomicName>
clades. I: G1, G2, G3, G14; II: G8, G11: III: G4, G5, G6, G7, G9 G10, G13.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<table pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">Clade I</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">Clade II</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">Clade III</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="BBAA2F267DACF609F8C0135A3BEEFD3C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BBAA2F267DACF609F8C0135A3BEEFD3C" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
Table 4. Genetic differentiation among
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Pyrgulopsis gilae</taxonomicName>
clades based on NDI sequences. Sub-groups=(G1, G2, G3, G14), (G8, G11), and (G4, G5, G6, G7, G9, G10, G13). Asterisked
<normalizedToken originalValue="Φ">Φ</normalizedToken>
values are highly significant (P&lt;0.001).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<table pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left">Source of variation</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">df</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">variance components</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">% of variation</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Φ">Φ</normalizedToken>
statistic
</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Figure 2. Bayesian tree based on the combined (COI, NDI) dataset. Posterior probabilities for nodes are given when&gt;95%. Specimen codes are from the Table 1.</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
Figure 3. Shells, opercula and radula,
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis marilynae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marilynae">Pyrgulopsis marilynae</taxonomicName>
n. sp. A Holotype, USNM 1135068 B Shell, USNM 1135067 C, D Opercula (outer, inner sides), USNM 1135067 E Portion of radular ribbon, USNM 1135067 F Central teeth, USNM 1135067 G Lateral and inner marginal teeth, USNM 1135067. Scale bars A, B 1.0 mm; C, D 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; E 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, F, G 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>