treatments-xml/data/03/F7/C6/03F7C603FFD84070D98DF946FA78FDC5.xml

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<mods:title id="44BD7F69AB668B73C20C248EC658521C">A new species of small tree frog, genus Dendropsophus (Anura: Hylidae) from the eastern Amazon lowlands of Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="63DEAEA18AC2BD002560E9477C6979BA">Ortega-Andrade, H. Mauricio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B213DD5D6E7BD48B115986D68290627A">Ron, Santiago R.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BE17715FFD8407BD98DF946FDA1F945" blockId="1.[151,578,1733,1791]" box="[151,578,1733,1759]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
<heading id="D0A9C079FFD8407BD98DF946FDA1F945" bold="true" box="[151,578,1733,1759]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD8407BD98DF946FDA1F945" bold="true" box="[151,578,1733,1759]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD8407BD98DF946FE3EF945" ID-CoL="6CKX6" box="[151,477,1733,1759]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD8407BD98DF946FE3EF945" bold="true" box="[151,477,1733,1759]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Dendropsophus shiwiarum</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219167CFFD8407BD8FEF946FDA1F945" box="[484,578,1733,1759]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BE17715FFD8407BD98DF964FE90F965" blockId="1.[151,578,1733,1791]" box="[151,371,1767,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
(
<figureCitation id="13656B90FFD8407BD985F964FEE9F965" box="[159,266,1767,1791]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,808,831]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1843,1866]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1331,1354]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1905,1928]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,265,786]" captionTargetBox-1="[178,1435,701,1822]" captionTargetBox-2="[186,1397,238,1263]" captionTargetBox-3="[302,1285,616,1884]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,265,787]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,700,1823]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[168,1419,218,1284]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[302,1285,589,1884]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Living specimens of Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. in dorsal view. Holotype female DHMECN 4393 (A) and paratype male DHMECM 4394 (B). Note the dark reddish canthus rostralis, interorbital and post-orbital bars, and white subocular stripe / blotch in both specimens. Photographs were digitalized from film camera by HMO-A." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Schematic drawing of the head (dorsal view) and photograph of lateral profile of paratype male Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. (A, DHMECN 4394) and the paratype of D. riveroi (B, AMNH 72552). Note the snout shape, truncated in dorsal view and lateral profile in D. shiwiarum, and compare the tympanum shape and exposure (indicated by the arrows) among both species." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Hand and foot in ventral view of the paratype of Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. (DHMECN 4394). Note the distinctive, pointed tip on discs of fingers and toes. These characters may be barely visible in Toes I and V on preserved specimens." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Hand and fingers in dorsal view of the holotype of Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. (A – B, DHMECN 4393) and the paratype of D. riveroi (C, AMNH 72553). Note the presence of a well-defined tubercle on dorsal view of discs of Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. as result of projection of last phalanx (indicated by the arrow) and distinctive pointed tips on fingers III." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/222517/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/222518/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/222519/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/222520/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6DC42AEFFD8407BD80CF964FE84F965" box="[278,359,1767,1791]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,237,404,425]" captionTargetBox="[159,1291,545,1270]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Variation of measurements (in mm) of the type series of Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. (range, average ± SD and proportions by sex of adult specimens). Abbreviations for characters are SVL, snout – vent length; HW, head width; HL, head length; ED, horizontal eye diameter; EN, eye to nostril distance; TD, tympanic annulus diameter; FL, femur length; TL, tibia length; and FoL, foot length." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF21279DFFDF407CD98DFE17FE0DFD9C" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" tableUuid="DF21279DFFDF407CD98DFE17FE0DFD9C">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFD8407BD98DF8B3FD68F8FF" blockId="1.[151,1047,1840,1893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
“ 
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<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD8407BD9B8F8B3FEFDF8DC" box="[162,286,1840,1862]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Hyla riveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”.—Duellman (1978); Almendáriz (1989); Duellman &amp; Mendelson (1995). “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD8407BD9B8F8CCFEA1F8FF" box="[162,322,1871,1893]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD8407BD9B8F8CCFEA1F8FF" box="[162,322,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Dendropsophus</emphasis>
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sp.”.—Ortega-Andrade (2010).
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<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD8407BD98DF811FEE7F830" bold="true" box="[151,260,1938,1962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Holotype</emphasis>
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: DHMECN 4393, an adult female collected at Kurintza, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A11D2FFD8407BDA92F812FC08F833" box="[904,1003,1937,1961]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" precision="55" value="-2.06">2.060° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
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, 354–m elevation, Pastaza province, 
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFD8407BD81DF836FE12F857" box="[263,497,1973,1997]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Republic of Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, between 
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by H. 
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFD8407BDA6FF836FC3FF857" box="[885,988,1973,1997]" name="Mauritius" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Mauricio</collectingCountry>
Ortega-Andrade, Miguel Cachay, Jorge Santi and Tseremp Timias.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078D9DDFF1BFE90FF2A" bold="true" box="[199,371,152,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Paratopotypes</emphasis>
: Two adult males (DHMECN 4394, 4399), with same collection data as 
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.
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: 
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFDB4078D854FF3FFE39FF4E" box="[334,474,188,212]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
: Nineteen adult males (DHMECN 4430–32, QCAZ 8250, 8252, 8253, 8308, 21936– 937, 22885, 27045–046, 28086), two juvenile females (QCAZ 11544, 27791) and one adult female (QCAZ 11542). Napo province: QCAZ 27045, 27046 were collected at Ahuano, Runa Huasi, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A11D2FFDB4078DD6AFE87FB08FE86" box="[1136,1259,260,284]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="-77.55">77.550° W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDB4078DDECFE87FADEFE86" box="[1270,1341,260,284]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.94" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="394.0">394 m</quantity>
a.s.l, on 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDB4078D98DFEA4FECEFEA5" box="[151,301,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" value="2005-05-25">25 May 2005</date>
by E. Carrillo and M. Read. Orellana province: QCAZ 8250, 8252, 8253, 8308 were collected at 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDB4078DC9AFEA4FF58FEFE" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" unit="km" value="42.0">42 km</quantity>
carretera Pompeya–Iro, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A11D2FFDB4078DA1FFECFFC88FEFE" box="[773,875,332,356]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="-0.65">0.650° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A11D2FFDB4078DA66FECFFC19FEFE" box="[892,1018,332,356]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="-76.45">76.450° W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDB4078DD10FECFFBB6FEFE" box="[1034,1109,332,356]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="236.0">236 m</quantity>
a.s.l; QCAZ 11542, 27791, collected at Apaika, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A11D2FFDB4078DB8FFEECFD14FE1D" box="[661,759,367,391]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="-0.87">0.870° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A11D2FFDB4078DA19FEECFC9EFE1D" box="[771,893,367,391]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="-75.86">75.860° W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDB4078DA9DFEECFC2EFE1D" box="[903,973,367,391]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="209.0">209 m</quantity>
a.s.l.; QCAZ 22752 collected at Estación Científica Yasuni de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del 
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFDB4078DA31FE17FC69FE36" box="[811,906,404,428]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A11D2FFDB4078DC04FE17FA7BFE36" box="[1310,1432,404,428]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="-76.41">76.410° W</geoCoordinate>
, 241–m a.s.l. Pastaza province: DHMECN 4430–32, were collected at Juyuintza, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A11D2FFDB4078DD3FFE34FB65FE55" box="[1061,1158,439,463]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="-2.11">2.110° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A11D2FFDB4078DD89FE34FAEDFE55" box="[1171,1294,439,463]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="-76.19">76.190° W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDB4078DC03FE34FA83FE55" box="[1305,1376,439,463]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
a.s.l, between 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDB4078D9E4FE5FFE28FE6E" box="[254,459,476,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" value="2007-04-26" valueMax="2007-04-28" valueMin="2007-04-26">26–28 April 2007</date>
by H. M. Ortega-Andrade, M. Cachay, J. Santi and T. Timias. Sucumbíos province: QCAZ 21936, 21937, 22885 were collected at 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDB4078DBB1FE7CFD19FD8D" box="[683,762,511,535]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" unit="km" value="2.5">2.5 km</quantity>
N de Lago Agrio, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A11D2FFDB4078DAC9FE7CFBDFFD8D" box="[979,1084,511,535]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="0.12">0.120° N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A11D2FFDB4078DD53FE7CFB27FD8D" box="[1097,1220,511,535]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="-76.88">76.880° W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDB4078DDCAFE7CFAFBFD8D" box="[1232,1304,511,535]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.02" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="302.0">302 m</quantity>
a.s.l, on 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDB4078DC9AFE7CFEC2FDA6" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" value="2003-03-17">17 March 2003</date>
by S. Valdiviezo, D. Tirira, J. Wiens and L. Coloma; QCAZ 11544, collected at Hostería La Selva, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A11D2FFDB4078D98DFDC4FF19FDC5" box="[151,250,583,607]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="-0.45">0.450° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A11D2FFDB4078D81DFDC4FE61FDC5" box="[263,386,583,607]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="-76.28">76.280° W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDB4078D894FDC4FE36FDC5" box="[398,469,583,607]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.32" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="232.0">232 m</quantity>
a.s.l; QCAZ 28086, collected at Reserva de Producción Faunística Cuyabeno, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A11D2FFDB4078DC48FDC4FF4BFD1E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="-0.32">0.320° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A11D2FFDB4078D9AEFDEFFECEFD1E" box="[180,301,620,644]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="-75.77">75.770° W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDB4078D82DFDEFFE9DFD1E" box="[311,382,620,644]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.23" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="223.0">223 m</quantity>
a.s.l; QCAZ 52969, 52970 collected at Limoncocha, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A11D2FFDB4078DACBFDEFFBADFD1E" box="[977,1102,620,644]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" precision="1" value="-0.40688">0.40688° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A11D2FFDB4078DD40FDEFFB06FD1E" box="[1114,1253,620,644]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" precision="1" value="-76.62063">76.62063° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDB4078DDE8FDEFFADBFD1E" box="[1266,1336,620,644]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.56" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="256.0">256 m</quantity>
a.s.l., on 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDB4078D98DFD0CFEA1FD3D" box="[151,322,655,679]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" value="2012-03-13">13 March 2012</date>
by H. 
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFDB4078D894FD0CFE16FD3D" box="[398,501,655,679]" name="Mauritius" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Mauricio</collectingCountry>
Ortega-Andrade.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C344249EFFDB4079D9DDFD30FD7AFADD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDB4078D9DDFD30FD7CFB77" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078D9DDFD30FEA0FD51" bold="true" box="[199,323,691,716]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A small species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078DB20FD37FD0DFD56" box="[570,750,692,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078DB20FD37FD0DFD56" box="[570,750,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Dendropsophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distinguished by the following combination of traits: (1) females similar in size (up to 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDB4078D8F4FD54FDB7FD75" box="[494,596,727,751]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="18.8">18.8 mm</quantity>
SVL, N = 2) to males (up to 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDB4078DAB3FD54FBF1FD75" box="[937,1042,727,751]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="18.5">18.5 mm</quantity>
, N = 19); (2) snout short, truncate in both dorsal and lateral profiles; (3) canthus rostralis rounded in cross-section, loreal region slightly concave; (4) tympanic membrane non-differentiated and annulus evident only ventrally, supratympanic fold weakly developed; (5) vomerine odontophores small, oblique, separated medially between choanae, bearing 1–5 teeth; (6) skin on dorsum, head and dorsal surfaces of limbs finely shagreen; skin on belly and proximal surfaces of thighs coarsely granular, skin on other surfaces smooth; (7) ulnar fold and tubercles absent, tarsal fold and tubercles on outer edge of tarsus absent, inner metatarsal tubercle distinct and oval, outer metatarsal tubercle absent; (8) axillary membrane developed, reaching a half or three-fourths of arm length; (9) fingers about onethird webbed, webbing formulae 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDB4078DB02FC79FDD3FB88" box="[536,560,1018,1042]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">I2</date>
½–2 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDB4078DB78FC79FD67FB88" box="[610,644,1018,1042]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">II2</date>
-– 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDB4078DB82FC79FD22FB88" box="[664,705,1018,1042]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">3III</date>
2–2+IV, toes about four-fifths webbed, webbing formulae 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDB4078DC7AFC79FA97FB88" box="[1376,1396,1018,1042]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">I1</date>
½– 2 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDB4078D9BCFBA2FF25FBA3" box="[166,198,1057,1081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">II1</date>
+–2 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDB4078D9F4FBA2FEF4FBA3" box="[238,279,1057,1081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">III1</date>
+–2- 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDB4078D858FBA2FE8DFBA3" box="[322,366,1057,1081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">IV2</date>
+–1+V; (10) disc of Finger III and Toe IV with pointed tip, conical tubercle on dorsal surface of each disc which represents the projection of distal phalanx, distal subarticular tubercle of fourth finger bifid in all specimens; (11) in life, dorsum coppery tan, with or without dark reddish brown spots or an inverted triangular blotch on scapular area; (12) belly immaculate white, ventral and hidden surfaces of thighs translucent fleshy white, vocal sac bright yellow; (14) iris coloration varies from silvery copper to reddish pale yellow with a copper ring around pupil; (15) bones white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDB4078D9DDFB7AFB12F997" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078D9DDFB7AFDB3FA88" bold="true" box="[199,592,1273,1298]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
Among other small species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078DAA6FB7AFB8FFA8B" box="[956,1132,1273,1297]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078DAA6FB7AFB8FFA8B" box="[956,1132,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Dendropsophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Amazon Basin, the new species is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078DB1AFA9DFCE5FAAC" box="[512,774,1310,1334]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riveroi">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078DB1AFA9DFCE5FAAC" box="[512,774,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Dendropsophus riveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both species have similar body size, but the latter have rounded discs on tips of Finger III and Toe IV. The 
<typeStatus id="54E5C9B7FFDB4078DBC9FAC1FCE0FAC0" box="[723,771,1346,1370]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078DA90FAC2FB6FFAC3" box="[906,1164,1345,1369]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riveroi">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078DA90FAC2FB6FFAC3" box="[906,1164,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Dendropsophus riveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and specimens from the 
<typeStatus id="54E5C9B7FFDB4078D98DFAE5FF24FAE4" box="[151,199,1382,1406]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
locality (
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078D82DFAE4FE8BFAE4" box="[311,360,1383,1406]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">e.g.,</emphasis>
ICN 50611, 50613, 50615, 50617) can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078DD23FAE4FB37FAE4" box="[1081,1236,1382,1406]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078DD23FAE4FB37FAE4" box="[1081,1236,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">D. shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(whose traits are given in parenthesis, 
<figureCitation id="13656B90FFDB4078D88DFA0AFE08FA3B" box="[407,491,1417,1441]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[178,1435,701,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,700,1823]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Schematic drawing of the head (dorsal view) and photograph of lateral profile of paratype male Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. (A, DHMECN 4394) and the paratype of D. riveroi (B, AMNH 72552). Note the snout shape, truncated in dorsal view and lateral profile in D. shiwiarum, and compare the tympanum shape and exposure (indicated by the arrows) among both species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222518/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13656B90FFDB4078D8E7FA0AFDEFFA3B" box="[509,524,1417,1441]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1905,1928]" captionTargetBox="[302,1285,616,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[302,1285,589,1884]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hand and fingers in dorsal view of the holotype of Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. (A – B, DHMECN 4393) and the paratype of D. riveroi (C, AMNH 72553). Note the presence of a well-defined tubercle on dorsal view of discs of Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. as result of projection of last phalanx (indicated by the arrow) and distinctive pointed tips on fingers III." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222520/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">4</figureCitation>
) by having: (1) smooth skin on the dorsum (finely shagreen); (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus prominent (tympanic membrane non-differentiated and annulus evident only ventrally); (3) snout rounded in both dorsal and lateral views and in profile (both truncated); and (4) dorsal surfaces of digital discs lacking a conical tubercle as result of projection of distal phalanx (tubercle present).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDB4079D9DDF99AFE3FFF4E" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,212]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
Amazonian species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078D8E7F99AFCBEF9AB" box="[509,861,1561,1585]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microcephalus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078D8E7F99AFCBEF9AB" box="[509,861,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Dendropsophus microcephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (Duellman &amp; Fouquette 1968) [
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078DC3CF999FDFEF9CF" authority="Kohler, Jungfer &amp; Reichle, 2005" authorityName="Kohler, Jungfer &amp; Reichle" authorityYear="2005" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coffeus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078DC3CF999FA78F9AB" box="[1318,1435,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">D. coffeus</emphasis>
(Köhler, Jungfer &amp; Reichle, 2005)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078DB33F9BCFD45F9CC" box="[553,678,1599,1622]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="joannae">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078DB33F9BCFD45F9CC" box="[553,678,1599,1622]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">D. joannae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Köhler &amp; Lötters, 2001a, 2001b), 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078DD23F9BCFA97F9CF" authority="Bokermann, 1964" authorityName="Bokermann" authorityYear="1964" box="[1081,1396,1597,1622]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leali">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078DD23F9BCFB6DF9CC" box="[1081,1166,1598,1622]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">D. leali</emphasis>
(Bokermann, 1964)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078DC9BF9BCFE3CF9E3" authority="Bokermann, 1962" authorityName="Bokermann" authorityYear="1962" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walfordi">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078DC9BF9BCFF16F9E3" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">D. walfordi</emphasis>
(Bokermann, 1962)
</taxonomicName>
] are distinguished by their larger body size, iris and dorsal coloration and rounded discs. The Cerrado dweller 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078D8D3F904FCA0F907" authority="Pombal &amp; Bastos, 1998" authorityName="Pombal &amp; Bastos" authorityYear="1998" box="[457,835,1669,1694]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cruzi">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078D8D3F904FDC0F904" box="[457,547,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">D. cruzi</emphasis>
(Pombal &amp; Bastos, 1998)
</taxonomicName>
differs in having elliptic discs on digits. The 
<typeStatus id="54E5C9B7FFDB4078DC20F906FA7FF907" box="[1338,1436,1669,1693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and allotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078D852F92AFDD1F95B" box="[328,562,1705,1729]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leali">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078D852F92AFDD1F95B" box="[328,562,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Dendropsophus leali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MZUSP 74210, 74211) differ from the new species by its larger size (males up to 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDB4078D9CDF94EFEC5F97F" box="[215,294,1741,1765]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
in 
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078D850F94CFE44F97C" box="[330,423,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078D850F94CFE42F97C" box="[330,417,1742,1766]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leali">D. leali</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDB4078D8B5F94EFDC2F97F" box="[431,545,1741,1765]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.885" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="18.85">18.85 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078DB5FF94CFD3DF97C" box="[581,734,1742,1766]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078DB5FF94CFD3DF97C" box="[581,734,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">D. shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), prominent tympanic membrane and annulus, rounded tips of digits, and commonly with “X” or “)(“ –shaped dark marks in the scapular region (
<typeStatus id="54E5C9B7FFDB4078DD51F972FB50F893" box="[1099,1203,1777,1801]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), or uniform reddish tan dorsum with a narrow, barely visible, dark brown interorbital mark (allotype). 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078DD7EF895FA8CF8B4" box="[1124,1391,1814,1838]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coffeus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078DD7EF895FA8CF8B4" box="[1124,1391,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Dendropsophus coffeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an inhabitant of southwest Amazonian ecoregion, Departamento La Paz, 
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFDB4078DAAAF8BAFBE6F8CB" box="[944,1029,1849,1873]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078DDBAF8B9FADAF8CB" box="[1184,1337,1849,1873]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078DDBAF8B9FADAF8CB" box="[1184,1337,1849,1873]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">D. shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in snout shape, dorsal color pattern and the presence of a dark brown lateral stripe, but is distinguished by its larger size (SVL up to 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDB4078D83BF802FE65F803" box="[289,390,1921,1945]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="21.2">21.2 mm</quantity>
in males, 26.0 mm in females), prominent tympanic membrane and annulus, smooth dorsal skin with minute scattered tubercles. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078DB25F825FCB1F824" box="[575,850,1958,1982]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="joannae">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078DB25F825FCB1F824" box="[575,850,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Dendropsophus joannae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has protuberant eyes, tuberculate dorsal skin, a red inner iris in life, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDB4078D8DAF848FC35F87B" authority="Moravec, Aparicio &amp; Kohler (2006)" authorityName="Moravec, Aparicio &amp; Kohler" authorityYear="2006" box="[448,982,1993,2018]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juliani">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDB4078D8DAF848FDCEF878" box="[448,557,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">D. juliani</emphasis>
Moravec, Aparicio &amp; Köhler (2006)
</taxonomicName>
differs by exhibiting a greenish ventral surfaces and vocal sac in life; as well both species present differences in advertisement call (Köhler &amp; Lötters 2001a; Moravec 
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDA4079D84EFF3EFE6EFF4E" box="[340,397,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
2006).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF21279DFFDA4079D98DFCABFB64FCE1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222517/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" targetBox="[151,1435,265,786]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDA4079D98DFCABFB64FCE1" blockId="3.[151,1436,808,892]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDA4079D98DFCABFEF1FCA4" bold="true" box="[151,274,808,831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Living specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDA4079D8F6FCAAFD1FFCA5" box="[492,764,809,831]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDA4079D8F6FCAAFD1FFCA5" box="[492,764,809,831]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Dendropsophus shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219167CFFDA4079DA19FCAAFCB0FCA4" box="[771,851,809,830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDA4079DA19FCAAFCB0FCA4" bold="true" box="[771,851,809,830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in dorsal view. Holotype female DHMECN 4393 (A) and paratype male DHMECM 4394 (B). Note the dark reddish canthus rostralis, interorbital and post-orbital bars, and white subocular stripe/blotch in both specimens. Photographs were digitalized from film camera by HMO-A.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDA4079D9D3FC27FDC8FB46" blockId="3.[151,1437,931,2003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDA4079D9D3FC27FD24FC21" authority="Duellman 1982" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1982" box="[201,711,931,956]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aperomeus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDA4079D9D3FC27FE18FC26" box="[201,507,932,956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Dendropsophus aperomeus</emphasis>
(Duellman 1982)
</taxonomicName>
, is an inhabitant of Amazonian slopes of Andes in northern and central 
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFDA4079D9F1FC4BFEC2FC45" box="[235,289,968,991]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Peru</collectingCountry>
, distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDA4079DB1DFC4BFD43FC45" box="[519,672,967,991]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDA4079DB1DFC4BFD43FC45" box="[519,672,967,991]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">D. shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its larger size (males up to 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDA4079DAE7FC44FB82FC45" box="[1021,1121,967,991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.13" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="21.3">21.3 mm</quantity>
of SVL, females up to 25.0 mm), having a single distal subarticular tubercle on the fourth finger, a white supra-anal stripe, and rounded tips of digits. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDA4079D9F8FB8CFD63FBBD" authority="Ahl, 1933" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1933" box="[226,640,1039,1063]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minimus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDA4079D9F8FB8CFE1BFBBD" box="[226,504,1039,1063]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Dendropsophus minimus</emphasis>
(Ahl, 1933)
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the 
<typeStatus id="54E5C9B7FFDA4079DA95FB93FC5CFBB2" box="[911,959,1040,1064]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">type</typeStatus>
locality at Rio Amazonas region in central 
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFDA4079D98DFBB0FF3DFBD1" box="[151,222,1075,1099]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, and is distinguished from the new species by having a concealed tympanum, rounded tips of digits and pale dorsolateral stripes which extend to the groin (dorsolateral stripes in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDA4079DABFFBDBFBDCFBF5" box="[933,1087,1111,1135]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDA4079DABFFBDBFBDCFBF5" box="[933,1087,1111,1135]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">D. shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only extend to the mid-flank). 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDA4079D98DFBFFFCC3FB09" authority="Vigle &amp; Goderdhan-Vigle 1990" authorityName="Vigle &amp; Goderdhan-Vigle" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,800,1147,1172]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miyatai">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDA4079D98DFBFFFE40FB0E" box="[151,419,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Dendropsophus miyatai</emphasis>
(Vigle &amp; Goderdhan-Vigle 1990)
</taxonomicName>
is an inhabitant of upper Amazon Basin of 
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFDA4079DC15FBF8FA8FFB09" box="[1295,1388,1147,1171]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
and northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFDA4079D831FB23FE82FB2D" box="[299,353,1184,1207]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Peru</collectingCountry>
, distinguished by having rounded tip of digits, concealed tympanum, and dorsal color pattern with bright red and yellow blotches.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDA4079D9DDFB64FD7AFADD" blockId="3.[151,1437,931,2003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
Members of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDA4079D88BFB64FD44FB65" box="[401,679,1255,1279]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDA4079D88BFB64FD44FB65" box="[401,679,1255,1279]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Dendropsophus minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group [
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDA4079DA11FB64FBCEFB65" box="[779,1069,1255,1279]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delarivai">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDA4079DA11FB64FBCEFB65" box="[779,1069,1255,1279]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Dendropsophus delarivai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Köhler &amp; Lötters 2001b), 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDA4079DC9BFB6BFE7AFAB9" authority="Peters, 1872" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1872" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDA4079DC9BFB6BFF13FABE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">D. minutus</emphasis>
(Peters, 1872)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDA4079D8B0FA8EFC77FAB9" authority="Martins &amp; Cardoso, 1987" authorityName="Martins &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1987" box="[426,916,1291,1316]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xapuriensis">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDA4079D8B0FA8EFDB3FABE" box="[426,592,1293,1316]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">D. xapuriensis</emphasis>
(Martins &amp; Cardoso, 1987)
</taxonomicName>
] differ from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDA4079DD37FA8EFB2BFABE" box="[1069,1224,1292,1316]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDA4079DD37FA8EFB2BFABE" box="[1069,1224,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">D. shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a white supra-anal stripe and a longer cloacal sheaths.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C344249EFFDA4070D9DDFAD0FDACFE55" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDA407ED9DDFAD0FBD1FE35" blockId="3.[151,1437,931,2003]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,647]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDA4079D9DDFAD0FE04FAF1" bold="true" box="[199,487,1363,1388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
Description of 
<typeStatus id="54E5C9B7FFDA4079D863FAD7FE01FAF1" box="[377,482,1364,1387]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Head about as wide as body, wide as long, widest below eyes; snout short (30% of HL), truncate in both dorsal and lateral profiles (
<figureCitation id="13656B90FFDA4079DBA9FAF4FD14FA15" box="[691,759,1399,1423]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[178,1435,701,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,700,1823]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Schematic drawing of the head (dorsal view) and photograph of lateral profile of paratype male Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. (A, DHMECN 4394) and the paratype of D. riveroi (B, AMNH 72552). Note the snout shape, truncated in dorsal view and lateral profile in D. shiwiarum, and compare the tympanum shape and exposure (indicated by the arrows) among both species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222518/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); distance from nostril to corner of eye shorter than diameter of eye (80% of ED); canthus rostralis rounded and distinct; loreal region slightly concave; lips not flared; internarial area not depressed, nostrils barely protuberant, directed anterolaterally, at about three-quarters the distance from eyes to tip of snout; interorbital area flat, in about 36% of head width; eye large, protuberant, its diameter about two times the distance from upper lip to orbit and about 30% of head length. Tympanic membrane is concealed under skin; thin supratympanic fold extends laterally from posterior corner of eye to point above arm insertion; fold hides upper edge of tympanic annulus. Ventral border of the tympanic annulus barely evident, round, located behind mid-orbit, its diameter about two-thirds of eye length, separated from eye by a distance of about half its diameter. Arm not hypertrophied; dorsal surfaces of arms shagreen; axillary membrane extends to mid-length of upper arm; ulnar folds and tubercles absent; fingers short and broad, relative length of fingers I &lt;II &lt;IV &lt;III; large discs, diameter of disc on third finger about as wide of tympanic membrane; disc pointed at tip on Finger III, and nearly round on other fingers (
<figureCitation id="13656B90FFDA4079D8E0F880FD8AF881" box="[506,617,1795,1820]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1331,1354]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1905,1928]" captionTargetBox-0="[186,1397,238,1263]" captionTargetBox-1="[302,1285,616,1884]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[168,1419,218,1284]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[302,1285,589,1884]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Hand and foot in ventral view of the paratype of Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. (DHMECN 4394). Note the distinctive, pointed tip on discs of fingers and toes. These characters may be barely visible in Toes I and V on preserved specimens." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Hand and fingers in dorsal view of the holotype of Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. (A – B, DHMECN 4393) and the paratype of D. riveroi (C, AMNH 72553). Note the presence of a well-defined tubercle on dorsal view of discs of Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. as result of projection of last phalanx (indicated by the arrow) and distinctive pointed tips on fingers III." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/222519/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/222520/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
Figs. 3 
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDA4079DB50F887FDBBF886" bold="true" box="[586,600,1796,1820]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">–</emphasis>
4
</figureCitation>
); conical tubercle on dorsal surface of each disc; subarticular tubercles small, round; distal tubercle of fourth finger prominent, bifid; supernumerary tubercles small, round, and flat; barely evident supernumerary tubercles form a row along the proximal one third of each finger; palmar tubercle small, ovoid; prepolical tubercle large, flat, ovoid; webbing of hand 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDA4079DABAF8F1FC54F810" box="[928,951,1906,1930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">I2</date>
½–2 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDA4079DAF2F8F1FBEAF810" box="[1000,1033,1906,1930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">II2</date>
-– 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDA4079DD07F8F1FBA5F810" box="[1053,1094,1906,1930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">3III</date>
2–2+IV. Legs slender and long (FL+TL+FoL= 1.7 times the SVL); tarsal fold and tarsal tubercles absent. Toes moderately large; discs about the same size than those of fingers; disc pointed on Toe IV, nearly round in other toes (
<figureCitation id="13656B90FFDA4079DD7BF839FB2CF848" box="[1121,1231,1978,2003]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1331,1354]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1905,1928]" captionTargetBox-0="[186,1397,238,1263]" captionTargetBox-1="[302,1285,616,1884]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[168,1419,218,1284]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[302,1285,589,1884]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Hand and foot in ventral view of the paratype of Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. (DHMECN 4394). Note the distinctive, pointed tip on discs of fingers and toes. These characters may be barely visible in Toes I and V on preserved specimens." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Hand and fingers in dorsal view of the holotype of Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. (A – B, DHMECN 4393) and the paratype of D. riveroi (C, AMNH 72553). Note the presence of a well-defined tubercle on dorsal view of discs of Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. as result of projection of last phalanx (indicated by the arrow) and distinctive pointed tips on fingers III." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/222519/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/222520/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
Figs. 3 
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDA4079DDABF838FB5CF849" bold="true" box="[1201,1215,1979,2003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">–</emphasis>
4
</figureCitation>
); conical tubercle present in dorsal surface of each disc; relative length of toes I &lt;II &lt;III = V &lt;IV; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; inner metatarsal tubercle moderately small, elliptical; subarticular tubercles small, round; supernumerary tubercles absent; webbing on foot 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDD407ED8AEFF61FE2BFF60" box="[436,456,226,250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">I1</date>
½–2 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDD407ED8E5FF61FDFDFF60" box="[511,542,226,250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">II1</date>
+–2 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDD407EDB5EFF61FD88FF60" box="[580,619,226,250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">III1</date>
+–2- 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDD407EDB8CFF61FD22FF60" box="[662,705,226,250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">IV2</date>
+–1+V. Skin of dorsum, head and dorsal surfaces of limbs finely shagreen to tuberculate; skin on flanks shagreen; skin on venter areolate; skin on chest and throat smooth. Cloacal opening directed posteriorly at upper level of thighs; cloacal sheath very short, covering 1/6 upper edge of cloacal opening; cloacal folds and tubercles absent. Tongue cordiform, posterior fourth not attached to mouth floor, vomerine odontophores small, but prominent, about half the diameter of choanae, each bearing five vomerine teeth; choanae moderately sized, ovoid, medially separated, not covered by palatal shelf.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDD407ED9DDFE39FE27FD1D" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDD407ED9DDFE39FE16FE49" bold="true" box="[199,501,442,467]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
Color of 
<typeStatus id="54E5C9B7FFDD407ED82CFE38FE7EFE49" box="[310,413,443,467]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in life.
</emphasis>
Dorsal surfaces pinkish tan, paler toward posterior third of body; blurred brown transversal stripe on sacrum; dark brown interorbital, canthal, and post-orbital stripes extending to mid-flank; white bar bordered with brown below each eye. Three pale brown narrow stripes on dorsal surfaces of shanks; dorsal surfaces of arms uniform tan. Outer edge of venter, chest, throat, webbing, hidden surfaces, ventral surfaces of forearms and limbs flesh-colored and unpigmented; belly immaculate, whitish-cream. Iris silvery copper with a dark red ring around pupil.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF21279DFFDD407ED98DF8B0FE85F82A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222518/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" targetBox="[178,1435,701,1822]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDD407ED98DF8B0FE85F82A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1843,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDD407ED98DF8B0FEF7F8D3" bold="true" box="[151,276,1843,1866]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Schematic drawing of the head (dorsal view) and photograph of lateral profile of paratype male 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDD407EDDE6F8B7FEE1F8F1" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDD407EDDE6F8B7FEE1F8F1" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Dendropsophus shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219167CFFDD407ED812F8D5FEBAF8F1" box="[264,345,1878,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDD407ED812F8D5FEBAF8F1" bold="true" box="[264,345,1878,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A, DHMECN 4394) and the paratype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDD407EDA13F8D5FC8FF8F1" box="[777,876,1878,1899]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riveroi">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDD407EDA13F8D5FC8FF8F1" box="[777,876,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">D. riveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B, AMNH 72552). Note the snout shape, truncated in dorsal view and lateral profile in 
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDD407ED8E2F8FBFD68F817" box="[504,651,1911,1933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDD407ED8E2F8FBFD64F817" box="[504,647,1911,1933]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum">D. shiwiarum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and compare the tympanum shape and exposure (indicated by the arrows) among both species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF21279DFFDC407FD98DFAB0FEEBFA1D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222519/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" targetBox="[186,1397,238,1263]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDC407FD98DFAB0FEEBFA1D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1331,1415]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDC407FD98DFAB0FEF0FAD2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1331,1354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Hand and foot in ventral view of the paratype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDC407FDA15FAB0FBC3FAD3" box="[783,1056,1331,1353]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDC407FDA15FAB0FBC3FAD3" box="[783,1056,1331,1353]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Dendropsophus shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219167CFFDC407FDD3DFAB7FB9BFAD3" box="[1063,1144,1332,1353]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDC407FDD3DFAB7FB9BFAD3" bold="true" box="[1063,1144,1332,1353]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(DHMECN 4394). Note the distinctive, pointed tip on discs of fingers and toes. These characters may be barely visible in Toes I and V on preserved specimens.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDC407FD9DDFA2DFF2CF9A8" blockId="5.[151,1436,1453,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDC407FD9DDFA2DFD97FA5C" bold="true" box="[199,628,1453,1478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
Measurements of 
<typeStatus id="54E5C9B7FFDC407FD884FA2DFDE7FA5C" box="[414,516,1454,1478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(in mm).
</emphasis>
Specimen DHMECN 4393 is a gravid female. SVL = 18.8; HW = 6.4; HL = 6.8; ED = 2.1; EN = 1.7; TD = 1.4; FL = 9.5; TL = 9.7; FoL = 13.5. Proportions: HL/SVL = 0.36; HW/HL = 0.94; FL/SVL = 0.51; ED/HL = 0.31; EN/HL = 0.25; EN/ED = 0.81; TL/SVL = 0.52; FoL/SVL = 0.72; TD/ED = 0.67.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDC407CD9DDF9BDFAFDFEFE" blockId="5.[151,1436,1453,2018]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDC407FD9DDF9BDFEDEF9CC" bold="true" box="[199,317,1598,1623]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Variation.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDC407FD852F9BDFD95F9CC" box="[328,630,1598,1622]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDC407FD852F9BDFD95F9CC" box="[328,630,1598,1622]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Dendropsophus shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits considerable variation in coloration and pattern, even among individuals of the same population (
<figureCitation id="13656B90FFDC407FDB32F9E1FD8FF9E0" box="[552,620,1634,1658]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[183,1386,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[183,1388,193,1860]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Extreme color patterns in Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. (A) adult male, DHMECN 443, SVL 16.5 mm, (B) Adult male DHMECN 4399, SVL 16.4 mm, (C) adult female, not collected, SVL 18.2 mm, and (D – F) adult male, QCAZ 52970, SVL 18.5 mm. Photographs of A – C were digitalized from film camera by HMO-A. Note the shagreen texture of skin of dorsum (E) and pointed tips of digits III and IV on hands (E – F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222521/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). In preservative, the dorsum of most specimens is reddish with irregular small marks (e.g. DHMECN 4394, 4430) or pinkish tan with blotches or large marks (DHMECN 4393); some specimens also have a reddish inverted triangular mark on the scapular region (QCAZ 21936, DHMECN 4432) or a wide interorbital bar and an inverted triangular reddish mark on the sacral region (QCAZ 11542). Most specimens also have a narrow dark brown interorbital bar, which can be complete (e.g. DHMECN 4394), or barely visible (DHMECN 5020), wider than the horizontal canthal bar (QCAZ 11542), or incomplete (DHMECN 4393). At night, males are pale reddish brown with a dark brown dorsolateral stripe and a yellow vocal sac (
<figureCitation id="13656B90FFDC407FDD89F8B9FB36F8C8" box="[1171,1237,1850,1874]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[183,1386,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[183,1388,193,1860]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Extreme color patterns in Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. (A) adult male, DHMECN 443, SVL 16.5 mm, (B) Adult male DHMECN 4399, SVL 16.4 mm, (C) adult female, not collected, SVL 18.2 mm, and (D – F) adult male, QCAZ 52970, SVL 18.5 mm. Photographs of A – C were digitalized from film camera by HMO-A. Note the shagreen texture of skin of dorsum (E) and pointed tips of digits III and IV on hands (E – F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222521/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
E–F); by day, the dorsum is creamy tan with or without reddish brown markings. Iris coloration varies from silvery copper (e.g. DHMECN 4393) to reddish pale yellow (e.g. DHMECN 4432) with a copper ring around pupil. Stripes, unpigmented spots or bars below the eye are variable in number, even between sides in the same individual: 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDC407FDC4FF825FA78F824" box="[1365,1435,1958,1982]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" unit="in" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 in</quantity>
about 30%, 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDC407FD805F849FE85F878" box="[287,358,1994,2018]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 in</quantity>
about 6%, 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDC407FD8F3F849FDD2F878" box="[489,561,1994,2018]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" unit="in" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 in</quantity>
about 7%, 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDC407FDBAEF849FD3CF878" box="[692,735,1994,2018]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
about 30%, lacking in about 7%. Males have long vocal slits, extending from the first quarter of the mandible to the angles of the jaws; vocal sac large, single, median, subgular and greatly distensible. The condition of pointed discs in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDF407CDA09FF3EFC4AFF4E" box="[787,937,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDF407CDA09FF3EFC4AFF4E" box="[787,937,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">D. shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is variable, from prominent as occur in most specimens (~90%, 
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDF407CD871FF62FE71FF62" box="[363,402,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">e.g.</emphasis>
QCAZ 48105) to less evident in other specimens (
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDF407CDAD3FF62FC12FF62" box="[969,1009,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">e.g.</emphasis>
QCAZ 51162). Anyway, the evidence suggests that it is not an artifact of preservation given live individuals present such pointed discs (see living specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDF407CD84EFEAAFE1DFEDA" box="[340,510,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDF407CD84EFEAAFE1DFEDA" box="[340,510,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">D. shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in http://zoologia.puce.edu.ec/gallery/main.php?g2_itemId=3646&amp;g2_page=1). Variation in measurements and proportions of specimens from the 
<typeStatus id="54E5C9B7FFDF407CDA9AFECEFC53FEFF" box="[896,944,333,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">type</typeStatus>
series is summarized in 
<tableCitation id="C6DC42AEFFDF407CDDDFFECFFAFBFEFE" box="[1221,1304,332,356]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,237,404,425]" captionTargetBox="[159,1291,545,1270]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Variation of measurements (in mm) of the type series of Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. (range, average ± SD and proportions by sex of adult specimens). Abbreviations for characters are SVL, snout – vent length; HW, head width; HL, head length; ED, horizontal eye diameter; EN, eye to nostril distance; TD, tympanic annulus diameter; FL, femur length; TL, tibia length; and FoL, foot length." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF21279DFFDF407CD98DFE17FE0DFD9C" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" tableUuid="DF21279DFFDF407CD98DFE17FE0DFD9C">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF21279DFFDF407CD98DFE17FE0DFD9C" ID-Table-UUID="DF21279DFFDF407CD98DFE17FE0DFD9C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF21279DFFDF407CD98DFE17FE0DFD9C" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" targetBox="[159,1291,545,1270]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDF407CD98DFE17FE0DFD9C" blockId="6.[151,1436,403,518]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDF407CD98DFE17FEE4FE33" bold="true" box="[151,263,404,425]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Variation of measurements (in mm) of the type series of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDF407CDA48FE17FB87FE30" box="[850,1124,404,426]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDF407CDA48FE17FB87FE30" box="[850,1124,404,426]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Dendropsophus shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219167CFFDF407CDD71FE17FB5FFE33" box="[1131,1212,404,425]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDF407CDD71FE17FB5FFE33" bold="true" box="[1131,1212,404,425]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(range, average ± SD and proportions by sex of adult specimens). Abbreviations for characters are SVL, snout–vent length; HW, head width; HL, head length; ED, horizontal eye diameter; EN, eye to nostril distance; TD, tympanic annulus diameter; FL, femur length; TL, tibia length; and FoL, foot length.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDF407CD985FDA2FB23FB6F" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<table id="F95E85B5FFDFBF85D985FDA2FAE8FB6C" box="[159,1291,545,1270]" gridcols="3" gridrows="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FDA2FAE8FDA2" box="[159,1291,545,568]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FDA2FEE1FDA2" box="[159,258,545,568]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Character</th>
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFDA2FCE6FDA2" box="[612,773,545,568]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
Females (
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDF407CDBDDFDA1FD09FDAD" box="[711,746,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">N=</emphasis>
2)
</th>
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FDA2FAE8FDA2" box="[1039,1291,545,568]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
Males (
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDF407CDD94FDA1FB2CFDAD" box="[1166,1231,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">N= 19</emphasis>
)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FDC9FAE8FDFB" box="[159,1291,586,609]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FDC9FEE1FDFB" box="[159,258,586,609]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">SVL</th>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFDC9FCE6FDFB" box="[612,773,586,609]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">18.2–18.8</td>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FDC9FAE8FDFB" box="[1039,1291,586,609]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">16.1–18.85 (17.31±0.89)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FDF0FAE8FD10" box="[159,1291,627,650]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FDF0FEE1FD10" box="[159,258,627,650]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">HL</th>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFDF0FCE6FD10" box="[612,773,627,650]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">6.2–6.8</td>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FDF0FAE8FD10" box="[1039,1291,627,650]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">5.2–7.22 (6.04±0.63)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FD1EFAE8FD29" box="[159,1291,669,691]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FD1EFEE1FD29" box="[159,258,669,691]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">HL/SVL</th>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFD1EFCE6FD29" box="[612,773,669,691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">0.34–0.36</td>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FD1EFAE8FD29" box="[1039,1291,669,691]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">0.3–0.43</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FD45FAE8FD46" box="[159,1291,710,732]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FD45FEE1FD46" box="[159,258,710,732]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">HW</th>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFD45FCE6FD46" box="[612,773,710,732]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">6.4–6.5</td>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FD45FAE8FD46" box="[1039,1291,710,732]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">5.4–7.2 (6.35±0.49)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FD73FAE8FC9C" box="[159,1291,752,774]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FD73FEE1FC9C" box="[159,258,752,774]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">HW/HL</th>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFD73FCE6FC9C" box="[612,773,752,774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">0.94–1.05</td>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FD73FAE8FC9C" box="[1039,1291,752,774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">0.9–1.25</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FC9AFAE8FCB5" box="[159,1291,793,815]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FC9AFEE1FCB5" box="[159,258,793,815]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">FL</th>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFC9AFCE6FCB5" box="[612,773,793,815]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">9.5–9.6</td>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FC9AFAE8FCB5" box="[1039,1291,793,815]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">7.2–9.8 (8.44±0.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FCC1FAE8FCC2" box="[159,1291,834,856]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FCC1FEE1FCC2" box="[159,258,834,856]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">FL/SVL</th>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFCC1FCE6FCC2" box="[612,773,834,856]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">0.51–0.53</td>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FCC1FAE8FCC2" box="[1039,1291,834,856]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">0.42–0.58</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FCE8FAE8FC18" box="[159,1291,875,898]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FCE8FEE1FC18" box="[159,258,875,898]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">TL</th>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFCE8FCE6FC18" box="[612,773,875,898]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">9.7–10</td>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FCE8FAE8FC18" box="[1039,1291,875,898]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">8.1–10 (9.06±0.55)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FC16FAE8FC31" box="[159,1291,917,939]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FC16FEE1FC31" box="[159,258,917,939]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">TL/SVL</th>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFC16FCE6FC31" box="[612,773,917,939]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">0.52–0.55</td>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FC16FAE8FC31" box="[1039,1291,917,939]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">0.47–0.59</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FC3DFAE8FC4E" box="[159,1291,958,980]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FC3DFEE1FC4E" box="[159,258,958,980]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">FoL</th>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFC3DFCE6FC4E" box="[612,773,958,980]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">13.5–14.7</td>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FC3DFAE8FC4E" box="[1039,1291,958,980]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">11.2–13.24 (12.3±0.53)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FC6BFAE8FC64" box="[159,1291,1000,1022]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FC6BFEE1FC64" box="[159,258,1000,1022]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">FoL/SVL</th>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFC6BFCE6FC64" box="[612,773,1000,1022]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">0.72–0.81</td>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FC6BFAE8FC64" box="[1039,1291,1000,1022]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">0.67–0.78</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FB92FAE8FBBD" box="[159,1291,1041,1063]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FB92FEE1FBBD" box="[159,258,1041,1063]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">EN</th>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFB92FCE6FBBD" box="[612,773,1041,1063]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">1.5–1.7</td>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FB92FAE8FBBD" box="[1039,1291,1041,1063]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">1.2–1.8 (1.55±0.19)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FBB9FAE8FBCA" box="[159,1291,1082,1104]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FBB9FEE1FBCA" box="[159,258,1082,1104]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">EN/HL</th>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFBB9FCE6FBCA" box="[612,773,1082,1104]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">0.24–0.25</td>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FBB9FAE8FBCA" box="[1039,1291,1082,1104]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">0.19–0.33</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FBE0FAE8FBE0" box="[159,1291,1123,1146]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FBE0FEE1FBE0" box="[159,258,1123,1146]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">ED</th>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFBE0FCE6FBE0" box="[612,773,1123,1146]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">2.1–2.3</td>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FBE0FAE8FBE0" box="[1039,1291,1123,1146]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">1.7–2.7 (2.26±0.25)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FB0EFAE8FB39" box="[159,1291,1165,1187]" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FB0EFEE1FB39" box="[159,258,1165,1187]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">ED/HL</th>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFB0EFCE6FB39" box="[612,773,1165,1187]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">0.31–0.37</td>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FB0EFAE8FB39" box="[1039,1291,1165,1187]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">0.26–0.47</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FB35FAE8FB56" box="[159,1291,1206,1228]" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FB35FEE1FB56" box="[159,258,1206,1228]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">TD</th>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFB35FCE6FB56" box="[612,773,1206,1228]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">1.4–1.5</td>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FB35FAE8FB56" box="[1039,1291,1206,1228]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">0.4–1.5 (0.82±0.25)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E7557FFDFBF85D985FB63FAE8FB6C" box="[159,1291,1248,1270]" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<th id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85D985FB63FEE1FB6C" box="[159,258,1248,1270]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">TD/ED</th>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DB7EFB63FCE6FB6C" box="[612,773,1248,1270]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">0.65–0.67</td>
<td id="76BF1C2BFFDFBF85DD15FB63FAE8FB6C" box="[1039,1291,1248,1270]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">0.19–0.71</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDF407CD9DDFAB9FD60FA00" blockId="6.[151,1437,1338,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDF407CD9DDFAB9FEBEFAC9" bold="true" box="[199,349,1338,1363]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Color in life.</emphasis>
Background dorsal coloration varies from bright yellow, to yellowish tan, pinkish tan or coppery red (
<figureCitation id="13656B90FFDF407CD9D3FADDFEF5FAEC" box="[201,278,1374,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,808,831]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,265,786]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,265,787]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Living specimens of Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. in dorsal view. Holotype female DHMECN 4393 (A) and paratype male DHMECM 4394 (B). Note the dark reddish canthus rostralis, interorbital and post-orbital bars, and white subocular stripe / blotch in both specimens. Photographs were digitalized from film camera by HMO-A." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222517/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13656B90FFDF407CD839FADDFED0FAEC" box="[291,307,1374,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[183,1386,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[183,1388,193,1860]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Extreme color patterns in Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. (A) adult male, DHMECN 443, SVL 16.5 mm, (B) Adult male DHMECN 4399, SVL 16.4 mm, (C) adult female, not collected, SVL 18.2 mm, and (D – F) adult male, QCAZ 52970, SVL 18.5 mm. Photographs of A – C were digitalized from film camera by HMO-A. Note the shagreen texture of skin of dorsum (E) and pointed tips of digits III and IV on hands (E – F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222521/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">5</figureCitation>
). Irregular triangular marks or blotches or dark brown to pale red flecks are always present. Vocal sac in males and tips of digits are bright yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDF407CD9DDFA25FE4FF9B0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1338,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDF407CD9DDFA25FE2DFA25" bold="true" box="[199,462,1446,1471]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Color in preservative.</emphasis>
In alcohol, all bright yellow dorsal surfaces turn into cream; coppery red and pinkish tan areas become paler than in life; dark flecks in reddish brown individuals (e.g. DHMECN 4430) become barely visible. Ventral surfaces of forearms and limbs, outer edge of venter, chest, throat and webbing are transparent; belly immaculate cream.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDF407CD9DDF9B5FAF3F8D0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1338,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDF407CD9DDF9B5FDF8F9D4" bold="true" box="[199,539,1590,1615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
Advertisement call (
<figureCitation id="13656B90FFDF407CD8DBF9B5FDE8F9D5" box="[449,523,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,865,888]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,210,843]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,844]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Advertisement call of Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. (A) Oscillogram of the section of a chorus, (B) oscillogram and (C) audiospectrogram of the specimen DHMECN 4431 (* SVL = 16.6 mm), seconded by other male (** not collected) in the chorus (shaded area in A). Dominant frequency is about 4352 Hz. Recording obtained on 17 May 2007, at Juyuintza, Pastaza province, Ecuador. Air temperature ~ 22 ° C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222522/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
A total of 35 calls were analyzed from two males recorded from 
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFDF407CDC23F9B5FA7BF9D4" box="[1337,1432,1590,1614]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. Specimen DHMECN 4431 was recorded at 21:06 h on 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDF407CDA3AF9D9FC5FF9E8" box="[800,956,1626,1651]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" value="2007-05-17">17 May 2007</date>
(air temperature ca. 22 °C) at Juyuintza, Pastaza province. Specimen QCAZ 48101 was recorded at 21:08 h on 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDF407CDABDF9FDFBD6F90C" box="[935,1077,1662,1686]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" value="2010-04-03">3 April 2010</date>
(air temperature ca. 24.2 °C), at km 93 on Pompeya – Iro road, Yasuni National Park, Orellana province. Both males were part of a small chorus (approximately six to eight calling males, not collected), calling from shrubs, 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDF407CDD0DF945FB7EF944" box="[1047,1181,1734,1758]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5 – 1.5 m</quantity>
above the water, on a swamp dominated by the palm 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDF407CD8E5F96FFD2AF899" box="[511,713,1771,1795]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Mauritia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDF407CD8E5F96FFD2AF899" box="[511,713,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFDF407CD8E5F96FFD80F899" box="[511,611,1772,1795]" name="Mauritius" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Mauritia</collectingCountry>
flexuosa
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The call consists of one high pitched pulsed note, with length 52.83 ± 31.87 ms, dominant frequency range 3983.6– 5254.1 Hz (4714.5± 353.1 Hz), call rise time 23.1±7.8 ms, interval between notes 1946.15 ± 587.24 ms (range 814.0 – 2966.9) and a call rate ~32.9 calls/minute.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDF407DD9DDF8D4FC30FF4E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1338,2014]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDF407CD9DDF8D4FDB3F8F5" bold="true" box="[199,592,1878,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Natural history and distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDF407CDB4CF8D5FC67F8F4" box="[598,900,1878,1902]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDF407CDB4CF8D5FC67F8F4" box="[598,900,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Dendropsophus shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from 22 localities in eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFDF407CDC23F8D5FA7BF8F4" box="[1337,1432,1878,1902]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, provinces of Napo, Orellana, Pastaza and Sucumbíos, up to 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDF407CDA40F8F9FC47F808" box="[858,932,1914,1938]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</quantity>
a.s.l (
<figureCitation id="13656B90FFDF407CDAF5F8F9FBD4F808" box="[1007,1079,1914,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,1035,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,1029,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Dendropsophus shiwiarum sp. nov. (circles) in eastern Ecuador. Red symbols indicate the type localities for D. shiwiarum, D. riveroi (triangle) and D. leali (square) in the Amazon Basin. Localities are based on specimens listed in Appendix I. Dark shaded colors represent areas up to 1000 m above sea level." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222523/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). This species occurs in about 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDF407CD98DF822FEECF823" box="[151,271,1953,1977]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4861" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" unit="km" value="34861.0">34,861 km</quantity>
2 along the evergreen lowland rainforest, but it is expected to be more widely distributed along the upper Amazon basin. Duellman &amp; Mendelson (1995) describe nine specimens of “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDF407CDAEAF844FBBEF844" box="[1008,1117,1991,2014]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riveroi">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDF407CDAEAF844FBBEF844" box="[1008,1117,1991,2014]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">D. riveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” from the Amazon Basin of northern Loreto, 
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFDE407DD84CFF1BFE6AFF35" box="[342,393,152,175]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Peru</collectingCountry>
(ca. 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDE407DD8D8FF14FDFBFF35" box="[450,536,151,175]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" unit="km" value="108.0">108 km</quantity>
E from the 
<typeStatus id="54E5C9B7FFDE407DDB85FF1BFD2CFF2A" box="[671,719,152,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDE407DDA4BFF1AFC09FF2A" box="[849,1002,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDE407DDA4BFF1AFC09FF2A" box="[849,1002,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">D. shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and ca. 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDE407DDD53FF14FB72FF35" box="[1097,1169,151,175]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
E from Juyuintza) that, based on their morphological similarity, may correspond to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDE407DDA2EFF3EFC2FFF4E" box="[820,972,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDE407DDA2EFF3EFC2FFF4E" box="[820,972,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">D. shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDE407DD9DDFF63FE45FD82" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDE407DD9DDFF63FE15FF62" box="[199,502,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDE407DD9DDFF63FE15FF62" box="[199,502,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Dendropsophus shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an opportunistic breeder at temporary ponds and swamps on secondary forest, flooded and open areas, being very rare through dry seasons. Males were calling from leaves of bushes, trees and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDE407DD98DFEABFEE6FEDA" box="[151,261,296,320]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zingiberales" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDE407DD98DFEABFEE6FEDA" box="[151,261,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Heliconia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at secondary forest, 
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDE407DD8EBFEA4FD93FEA5" box="[497,624,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="0.775" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.05">0.05–1.5 m</quantity>
above the water, in the border of a temporary swamp at Kurintza on 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDE407DDC9AFEA4FE85FEFE" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" value="2007-04-26" valueMax="2007-04-28" valueMin="2007-04-26">26 and 28 April 2007</date>
, and from leaves of bushes and low vegetation at flooded areas dominated by the palm 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDE407DDC22FECEFF16FE12" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Mauritia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDE407DDC22FECEFF16FE12" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFDE407DDC22FECEFA7FFEFE" box="[1336,1436,333,356]" name="Mauritius" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Mauritia</collectingCountry>
flexuosa
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(vegetation 
<typeStatus id="54E5C9B7FFDE407DD865FEF3FE4CFE12" box="[383,431,368,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">type</typeStatus>
locally known as 
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDE407DDB60FEF3FD33FE12" box="[634,720,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">moretal</emphasis>
) in Juyuintza, on 
<date id="FFE051D5FFDE407DDA82FEECFBD2FE1D" box="[920,1073,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" value="2007-05-17">17 May 2007</date>
. The 
<typeStatus id="54E5C9B7FFDE407DDD77FEECFB2CFE1D" box="[1133,1231,367,391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is a gravid female which, after capture, deposited a clutch of 121 unpigmented eggs in a single layer of clear gelatin inside a plastic bag; it was captured in amplexus with DHMECN 4394 (
<quantity id="4CA6DAF0FFDE407DDA11FE34FC93FE55" box="[779,880,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="16.8">16.8 mm</quantity>
in SVL) perched on a 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDE407DDD76FE3BFB39FE4A" box="[1132,1242,440,464]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zingiberales" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDE407DDD76FE3BFB39FE4A" box="[1132,1242,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Heliconia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaf at 18:33 h at Kurintza. Two days after the collection of the 
<typeStatus id="54E5C9B7FFDE407DDBBDFE5FFCEFFE6E" box="[679,780,476,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, the rain stopped, the swamp dried-out and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDE407DDC18FE5EFA78FE6E" box="[1282,1435,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDE407DDC18FE5EFA78FE6E" box="[1282,1435,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">D. shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not found anymore.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF21279DFFDE407DD98DF8F2FEC7F87E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222520/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" targetBox="[302,1285,616,1884]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFDE407DD98DF8F2FEC7F87E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1905,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDE407DD98DF8F2FEF7F81D" bold="true" box="[151,276,1905,1928]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Hand and fingers in dorsal view of the holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDE407DDA2BF8F1FBA0F812" box="[817,1091,1906,1928]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDE407DDA2BF8F1FBA0F812" box="[817,1091,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Dendropsophus shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219167CFFDE407DDD51F8F1FB7EF81D" box="[1099,1181,1906,1927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDE407DDD51F8F1FB7EF81D" bold="true" box="[1099,1181,1906,1927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A–B, DHMECN 4393) and the paratype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDE407DD871F811FE33F83D" box="[363,464,1938,1959]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riveroi">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDE407DD871F811FE33F83D" box="[363,464,1938,1959]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">D. riveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(C, AMNH 72553). Note the presence of a well-defined tubercle on dorsal view of discs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFDE407DD98DF82CFE4BF85F" box="[151,424,1967,1989]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDE407DD98DF82CFE4BF85F" box="[151,424,1967,1989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Dendropsophus shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219167CFFDE407DD8B5F833FDE3F85F" box="[431,512,1968,1989]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFDE407DD8B5F833FDE3F85F" bold="true" box="[431,512,1968,1989]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
as result of projection of last phalanx (indicated by the arrow) and distinctive pointed tips on fingers III.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF21279DFFD14072D98DF801FCC3F86F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222521/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="171" targetBox="[183,1386,193,1859]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFD14072D98DF801FCC3F86F" blockId="8.[151,1436,1922,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD14072D98DF801FEF0F802" bold="true" box="[151,275,1922,1945]" pageId="8" pageNumber="171">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Extreme color patterns in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD14072DB39F801FCD7F802" box="[547,820,1922,1944]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD14072DB39F801FCD7F802" box="[547,820,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="171">Dendropsophus shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219167CFFD14072DA21F800FC68F802" box="[827,907,1923,1944]" pageId="8" pageNumber="171" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD14072DA21F800FC68F802" bold="true" box="[827,907,1923,1944]" pageId="8" pageNumber="171">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A) adult male, DHMECN 443, SVL 16.5 mm, (B) Adult male DHMECN 4399, SVL 16.4 mm, (C) adult female, not collected, SVL 18.2 mm, and (D–F) adult male, QCAZ 52970, SVL 18.5 mm. Photographs of A–C were digitalized from film camera by HMO-A. Note the shagreen texture of skin of dorsum (E) and pointed tips of digits III and IV on hands (E–F).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF21279DFFD04073D98DFCE2FCF1FC49" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222522/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" targetBox="[158,1427,210,843]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFD04073D98DFCE2FCF1FC49" blockId="9.[151,1436,865,979]" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD04073D98DFCE2FEFBFCED" bold="true" box="[151,280,865,888]" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Advertisement call of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD04073DB0EFCE2FCC9FCED" box="[532,810,865,887]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD04073DB0EFCE2FCC9FCED" box="[532,810,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">Dendropsophus shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219167CFFD04073DA2CFCE1FC68FCED" box="[822,907,866,887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD04073DA2CFCE1FC68FCED" bold="true" box="[822,907,866,887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A) Oscillogram of the section of a chorus, (B) oscillogram and (C) audiospectrogram of the specimen DHMECN 4431 (*SVL = 16.6 mm), seconded by other male (**not collected) in the chorus (shaded area in A). Dominant frequency is about 4352 Hz. Recording obtained on 17 May 2007, at Juyuintza, Pastaza province, Ecuador. Air temperature ~22 °C.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF21279DFFD04073D98DF8F4FB90F851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222523/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" targetBox="[152,1431,1035,1881]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFD04073D98DF8F4FB90F851" blockId="9.[151,1436,1911,1995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD04073D98DF8F4FEF6F817" bold="true" box="[151,277,1911,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Distribution map of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD04073D8E9F8F4FCE5F817" box="[499,774,1911,1933]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD04073D8E9F8F4FCE5F817" box="[499,774,1911,1933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">Dendropsophus shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219167CFFD04073DA15F8FBFC81F817" box="[783,866,1912,1933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD04073DA15F8FBFC81F817" bold="true" box="[783,866,1912,1933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(circles) in eastern Ecuador. Red symbols indicate the type localities for 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD04073D840F814FE04F836" box="[346,487,1942,1964]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shiwiarum">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD04073D840F814FE04F836" box="[346,487,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">D. shiwiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD04073D8E2F814FDBDF836" box="[504,606,1943,1964]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riveroi">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD04073D8E2F814FDBDF836" box="[504,606,1943,1964]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">D. riveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(triangle) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD04073DA1AF814FCB3F836" box="[768,848,1942,1964]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leali">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD04073DA1AF814FCB3F836" box="[768,848,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">D. leali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(square) in the Amazon Basin. Localities are based on specimens listed in Appendix I. Dark shaded colors represent areas up to 1000 m above sea level.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFD34070D9DDFF14FDACFE55" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,607]" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">
Other hylid frogs found at these swamps were 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070DBECFF1BFA92FF35" authority="Duellman &amp; Crump 1974" authorityName="Duellman &amp; Crump" authorityYear="1974" box="[758,1393,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevifrons">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070DBECFF1BFBC0FF2A" box="[758,1059,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">Dendropsophus brevifrons</emphasis>
(Duellman &amp; Crump 1974)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070DC9BFF1AFE00FF4E" authority="Boulenger 1882" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1882" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070DC9BFF1AFEE7FF4E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">D. parviceps</emphasis>
(Boulenger 1882)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070D8E0FF3EFC95FF4E" authority="Gunther 1858" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1858" box="[506,886,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodopeplus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070D8E0FF3EFD53FF4E" box="[506,688,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">D. rhodopeplus</emphasis>
(Günther 1858)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070DA97FF3EFAF2FF4E" authority="Shreve 1935" authorityName="Shreve" authorityYear="1935" box="[909,1297,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarayacuensis">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070DA97FF3EFBB4FF4E" box="[909,1111,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">D. sarayacuensis</emphasis>
(Shreve 1935)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070DC3CFF3FFE37FF6D" authority="Troschel 1848" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1848" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcaratus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070DC3CFF3FFEEEFF62" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">Hypsiboas calcaratus</emphasis>
(Troschel 1848)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070D8FEFF62FCC4FF6D" authority="Spix 1824" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1824" box="[484,807,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070D8FEFF62FD73FF62" box="[484,656,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">H. cinerascens</emphasis>
(Spix 1824)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070DA20FF62FB72FF6D" authority="Spix 1824" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1824" box="[826,1169,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geographicus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070DA20FF62FC18FF62" box="[826,1019,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">H. geographicus</emphasis>
(Spix 1824)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070DDBEFF62FF3BFE86" authority="Cope 1869" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1869" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanciformis">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070DDBEFF62FAA8FF62" box="[1188,1355,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">H. lanciformis</emphasis>
(Cope 1869)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070D9F2FE87FC01FE86" authority="Jungfer, Ron, Seipp &amp; Almendariz 2000" authorityName="Jungfer, Ron, Seipp &amp; Almendariz" authorityYear="2000" box="[232,994,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deridens">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070D9F2FE87FE15FE86" box="[232,502,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">Osteocephalus deridens</emphasis>
(Jungfer, Ron, Seipp &amp; Almendariz 2000)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070DAF5FE86FE87FEA5" authority="Jungfer, Ron, Seipp &amp; Almendariz 2000" authorityName="Jungfer, Ron, Seipp &amp; Almendariz" authorityYear="2000" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscifacies">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070DAF5FE86FB69FE86" box="[1007,1162,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFD34070DAF5FE86FBE5FE86" box="[1007,1030,261,284]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">O</collectingCountry>
. fuscifacies
</emphasis>
(Jungfer, Ron, Seipp &amp; Almendariz 2000)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070D868FEABFD3FFEA5" authority="Steindachner 1862" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1862" box="[370,732,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070D868FEABFE12FEDA" box="[370,497,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFD34070D868FEABFE6AFEA5" box="[370,393,296,319]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">O</collectingCountry>
. taurinus
</emphasis>
(Steindachner 1862)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070DA09FEABFBBBFEA5" authority="Cope 1874" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1874" box="[787,1112,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="funereus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070DA09FEABFC27FEDA" box="[787,964,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">Scinax funereus</emphasis>
(Cope 1874)
</taxonomicName>
. The aquatic snake 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070DC22FEABFE2EFEFE" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Helicops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angulatus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070DC22FEABFEE5FEFE" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">Helicops angulatus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus 1758)
</taxonomicName>
was also recorded at one of the swamps. The new species is sympatric with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070D98DFEF3FD61FE1D" authority="Andersson 1945" authorityName="Andersson" authorityYear="1945" box="[151,642,367,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bifurcus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070D98DFEF3FE4FFE12" box="[151,428,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">Dendropsophus bifurcus</emphasis>
(Andersson 1945)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070DB88FEF2FC35FE1D" authority="Goin 1959" authorityName="Goin" authorityYear="1959" box="[658,982,367,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bokermanni">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070DB88FEF2FCDEFE12" box="[658,829,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">D. bokermanni</emphasis>
(Goin 1959)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070DAFFFEF2FBE3FE12" box="[997,1024,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">D.</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070DD23FEF3FB92FE12" box="[1081,1137,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070DD23FEF3FB8EFE12" box="[1081,1133,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leali">leali</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070DD66FEF2FF3BFE36" authority="(Laurenti 1768)" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070DD66FEF2FAC9FE12" box="[1148,1322,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">D. marmoratus</emphasis>
(Laurenti 1768)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070D9F8FE16FC7AFE36" box="[226,921,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070D9F8FE16FEBDFE36" box="[226,350,405,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miyatai">D. miyatai</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070D871FE16FDE3FE36" box="[363,512,405,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070DB14FE16FD22FE36" box="[526,705,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodopeplus">D. rhodopeplus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070DBD5FE16FC75FE36" box="[719,918,405,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarayacuensis">D. sarayacuensis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E0C96FFD34070DACFFE16FAD3FE36" authority="Gunther 1868" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1868" box="[981,1328,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triangulum">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070DACFFE16FB95FE36" box="[981,1142,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">D. triangulum</emphasis>
(Günther 1868)
</taxonomicName>
along its distributional range in eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFD34070D8F1FE34FDA8FE55" box="[491,587,439,463]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C344249EFFD34070D9DDFE5FFA78FDC5" pageId="10" pageNumber="173" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE17715FFD34070D9DDFE5FFA78FDC5" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,607]" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B92AAB07FFD34070D9DDFE5FFEADFE69" bold="true" box="[199,334,476,500]" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">Etymology.</emphasis>
The new species is named for the Shiwiar indigenous nation of the Pastaza Trench in the upper Amazon Basin of 
<collectingCountry id="F3493785FFD34070D86BFE7CFE33FD8D" box="[369,464,511,535]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="173">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, as recognition for sharing their invaluable knowledge about biodiversity and rich culture, maintaining through the generations a close relationship with nature. Moreover, they generously granted permission to HMO?A to sample frogs from their ancestral territories. The epithet is a genitive noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>