379 lines
43 KiB
XML
379 lines
43 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EA8ABDAE05A3BD611631EB35EA160D8E">The dog-faced water snakes, a revision of the genus Cerberus Cuvier, (Squamata, Serpentes, Homalopsidae), with the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F3075C4261A3A1AF5B3D82A317B173CF">Voris, Harold K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E6755E3984110A66C5AB7D3A994E6B90">Karns, Daryl R.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03EEF608FFBBFFEEFF60F9C6FB589D39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628898" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119526621" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628898" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EEF608FFBBFFEEFF60F9C6FB589D39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EEF608FFBBFFEEFF60F9C6FB589D39" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" scope_class="Squamata" scope_family="Homalopsidae">
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<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFBBFFEFFF60F9C6FE639C71" box="[151,421,1555,1582]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFBBFFEFFF60F9C6FE639C71" blockId="6.[151,421,1555,1582]" box="[151,421,1555,1582]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="D0B0F072FFBBFFEFFF60F9C6FE639C71" bold="true" box="[151,421,1555,1582]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBBFFEFFF60F9C6FE639C71" ID-CoL="CCWHF" ID-ENA="46266" authority="Cuvier 1829" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,421,1555,1582]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBBFFEFFF60F9C6FE639C71" bold="true" box="[151,421,1555,1582]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBBFFEFFF60F9C6FEC09C72" bold="true" box="[151,262,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cerberus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFBBFFEFFEFAF9C1FE639C71" author="Cuvier" box="[269,421,1555,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Cuvier, G. (1829) Le regne animal distribue d'apres son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux ex d'introduction a l'anatomie comparee. Nouvelle edition, revue et augmentee. Tome II. Deterville, Paris, 406 pp." type="book" year="1829">Cuvier 1829</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFBBFFEEFF60F988FBA19BDB" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFBBFFEFFF60F988FD8D9C2C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1626,1863]" box="[151,587,1626,1648]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBBFFEFFF60F988FE409C2C" authority="Schneider 1799" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1799" box="[151,390,1626,1648]" class="Squamata" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Hydrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBBFFEFFF60F988FF279C2C" box="[151,225,1626,1648]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hydrus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFBBFFEFFF1FF988FE409C2C" author="Schneider" box="[232,390,1626,1648]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Schneider, J. G. (1799) Historiae amphibiorum naturalis et literariae. Fasciculus primus, continens Ranas, Clamitas, Bufones, Salamandras et Hydros in genera et species descriptos notisque suis distinctos. Friederici Frommann, Jenae, 264 pp." type="book" year="1799">Schneider 1799</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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1:233246 (in part).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFBBFFEFFF60F9ABFD6B9CD3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1626,1863]" box="[151,685,1657,1679]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBBFFEFFF60F9ABFDCE9CD3" authority="Sonnini and Latreille 1801" authorityName="Sonnini and Latreille" authorityYear="1801" box="[151,520,1657,1679]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Enhydris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBBFFEFFF60F9ABFF359CD3" box="[151,243,1657,1679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Enhydris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFBBFFEFFF0EF9ABFDCE9CD3" author="Sonnini" box="[249,520,1657,1679]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Sonnini, C. S. & Latreille, P. A. (1801) Histoire naturelle des reptiles. Volume 4. Deterville, Paris, 335 pp." type="book" year="1801">Sonnini and Latreille 1801</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(in part), 4:202.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFBBFFEFFF60F94AFDE69CF1" blockId="6.[151,1436,1626,1863]" box="[151,544,1688,1710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBBFFEFFF60F94AFEBD9CF1" authority="Schneider, 1801" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[151,379,1688,1710]" class="Squamata" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Elaps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBBFFEFFF60F94AFF179CF2" box="[151,209,1688,1710]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Elaps</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFBBFFEFFF20F94AFEBD9CF1" author="Schneider" box="[215,379,1688,1710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Schneider, J. G. (1801) Historiae amphibiorum naturalis et literariae. Fasciculus secundus, continens Crocodilos, Scincos, Chamaesauras, Boas, Pseudoboas, Elapes, Angues, Amphibaemas et Caecilias. Friederici Frommann, Jenae, 364 pp." type="book" year="1801">Schneider, 1801</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(in part), 2:301.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFBBFFEFFF60F965FDAF9C90" blockId="6.[151,1436,1626,1863]" box="[151,617,1718,1741]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBBFFEFFF60F965FF2C9C91" box="[151,234,1719,1741]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBBFFEFFF60F965FF2C9C91" box="[151,234,1719,1741]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Coluber</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(non-Linneaus, 1766) Daudin, 7:167.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFBBFFEFFF60F907FC499CB7" blockId="6.[151,1436,1626,1863]" box="[151,911,1749,1771]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB576030FFBBFFEFFF60F907FC499CB7" box="[151,911,1749,1771]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBBFFEFFF60F907FE5F9CB7" ID-CoL="CDXHH" authority="Merrem, 1820:89" authorityName="Merrem" authorityPageNumber="89" authorityYear="1820" box="[151,409,1749,1771]" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Python" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBBFFEFFF60F907FF199CB7" box="[151,223,1749,1771]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Python</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFBBFFEFFF12F904FE5F9CB7" author="Merrem" box="[229,409,1750,1771]" page="89" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1820">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFBBFFEFFF12F904FEBD9CB7" author="Merrem" box="[229,379,1750,1771]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Merrem, B. (1820) Versuch eines Systematic der Amphibien. Johann Christian Krieger, Marburg, 191 pp." type="book" year="1820">Merrem, 1820</bibRefCitation>
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:89
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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. Daudin used the combination
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<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBBFFEFFD25F907FC4F9CB7" box="[722,905,1749,1771]" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Python" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhynchops">
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBBFFEFFD25F907FC4F9CB7" box="[722,905,1749,1771]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Python rhynchops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFBBFFEFFF60F926FE3E9D74" blockId="6.[151,1436,1626,1863]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBBFFEFFF60F926FE4F9D55" authority="Cuvier, 1829" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,393,1779,1802]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBBFFEFFF60F926FF339D56" box="[151,245,1780,1802]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cerberus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFBBFFEFFF08F921FE4F9D55" author="Cuvier" box="[255,393,1779,1801]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Cuvier, G. (1829) Le regne animal distribue d'apres son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux ex d'introduction a l'anatomie comparee. Nouvelle edition, revue et augmentee. Tome II. Deterville, Paris, 406 pp." type="book" year="1829">Cuvier, 1829</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 2, 2:81.
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<typeStatus id="54FCF9BCFFBBFFEFFE17F926FDDC9D55" box="[480,538,1780,1801]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBBFFEFFD80F926FCEB9D56" box="[631,813,1780,1802]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cerberus">
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBBFFEFFD80F926FCEB9D56" box="[631,813,1780,1802]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Coluber cerberus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBBFFEFFCA7F926FBB19D55" authority="Schneider." authorityName="Schneider." box="[848,1143,1779,1802]" class="Squamata" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Hydrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rynchops">
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBBFFEFFCA7F926FBC79D56" box="[848,1025,1780,1802]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hydrus rynchops</emphasis>
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Schneider.
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</taxonomicName>
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Note that
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFBBFFEFFB1BF921FA5A9D56" author="Swainson" box="[1260,1436,1779,1802]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Swainson, W. (1839) On the natural history and classification of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. Vo l u m e 2. Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans, and John Taylor, London, 452 pp." type="book" year="1839">Swainson (1839)</bibRefCitation>
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||
spelled this
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<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBBFFEFFEB7F8C0FE529D74" box="[320,404,1810,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Cerebus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBBFFEFFEB7F8C0FE529D74" box="[320,404,1810,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cerebus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, a
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||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBBFFEFFE46F8C0FE349D74" box="[433,498,1810,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">lapsus</emphasis>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFBBFFEFFF60F8E3FD949D1B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1626,1863]" box="[151,594,1841,1863]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBBFFEFFF60F8E3FE6B9D1B" authority="Schlegel, 1837" authorityName="Schlegel" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,429,1841,1863]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Homalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBBFFEFFF60F8E3FED69D1B" box="[151,272,1841,1863]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Homalopsis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFBBFFEFFEE1F8E3FE6B9D1B" author="Schlegel" box="[278,429,1841,1863]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Schlegel, H. (1837) Essai sur la physionomie des serpens. II. Partie descriptive. J. Kips, J. Hz, & W. P. Van Stockum, The Hague, 606 pp." type="book" year="1837">Schlegel, 1837</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(in part), 2:332.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFBBFFEEFF60F8A1FBA19BDB" blockId="6.[151,1436,1907,2004]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBBFFEFFF60F8A1FE869DD0" bold="true" box="[151,320,1907,1932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Identification.</emphasis>
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||
Distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBBFFEFFE09F8A6FDA09DD0" box="[510,614,1908,1932]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBBFFEFFE09F8A6FDA09DD0" box="[510,614,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cerberus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
species on the basis of morphology alone can be difficult which in part accounts for the fact that
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBBFFEFFE40F84AFD869DEC" box="[439,576,1944,1968]" class="Squamata" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Hydrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rynchops">
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<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBBFFEFFE40F84AFD869DEC" box="[439,576,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. rynchops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been described 11 separate times since 1799.
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C572A5FFBBFFEFFB80F845FB0D9DF3" box="[1143,1227,1943,1967]" captionStart="TABLE 2. A" captionStartId="7.[151,244,439,464]" captionTargetBox="[180,1419,497,1225]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. A comparison of morphological characters commonly used to distinguish five species of Cerberus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF381796FFBAFFEEFF60FE65FAAA9B93" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableUuid="DF381796FFBAFFEEFF60FE65FAAA9B93">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
summarizes some of the morphological data discussed here that can be used to separate these taxa. The variable dorsal scale row counts within and between species, the fragmentation of head shields, and the relatively similar coloration and pattern, make these species somewhat cryptic. This can be highlighted by Loveridge’s (1948) confusion when he named the New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFBAFFEEFEAEFF0DFE6C9AAB" box="[345,426,223,247]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
population
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFDC1FF32FC709AA4" box="[566,950,224,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="rynchops" subSpecies="novaeguineae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFDC1FF32FC709AA4" box="[566,950,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cerberus rynchops novaeguineae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
instead of recognizing its morphology as more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFEBBFED6FE689B40" box="[332,430,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Homalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFEBBFED6FE689B40" box="[332,430,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFBAFFEEFE1AFED6FD159B40" box="[493,723,260,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Cogger, H. G., Cameron, E. E. & Cogger, H. M. (1983) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 1. Amphibia and Reptilia. Australia Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 313 pp." type="book">
|
||
Cogger
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFDBFFED7FDBC9B40" box="[584,634,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1983)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymizing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFC75FED6FB929B40" box="[898,1108,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFC75FED6FB929B40" box="[898,1108,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cerberus australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFB7BFED6FAA59B40" box="[1164,1379,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rynchops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFB7BFED6FAA59B40" box="[1164,1379,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cerberus rynchops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two species that differ genetically by 6.4–9.5% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFBAFFEEFD34FEF5FC779B63" author="Alfaro" box="[707,945,295,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Alfaro, M. E., Karns, D. R., Voris, H K., Abernathy, E. & Sellins, S. L. (2004) Phylogeny of Cerberus (Serpentes: Homalopsinae) and phylogeny of Cerberus rynchops: diversification of a coastal marine snake in Southeast Asia. Journal of Biogeography, 31, 1277 - 1292." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Alfaro
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFCD7FEFBFC9A9B1C" box="[800,860,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The five species recognized here are morphologically distinct, with the differences often subtle but consistent. Four of these species have been previously compared using mitochondrial and nuclear genes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFBAFFEEFCBFFEBDFBD29BDB" author="Alfaro" box="[840,1044,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Alfaro, M. E., Karns, D. R., Voris, H K., Abernathy, E. & Sellins, S. L. (2004) Phylogeny of Cerberus (Serpentes: Homalopsinae) and phylogeny of Cerberus rynchops: diversification of a coastal marine snake in Southeast Asia. Journal of Biogeography, 31, 1277 - 1292." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Alfaro
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFC6DFEA3FC0C9BD4" box="[922,970,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFBAFFEEFBE8FEBDFB9A9BDB" author="Alfaro" box="[1055,1116,367,391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Alfaro, M. E., Karns, D. R., Voris, H. K., Brock, C. D. & Stuart, B. L. (2008) Phylogeny, evolutionary history, and biogeography of Oriental-Australian rear-fanged water snakes (Colubroidea: Homalopsidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46, 576 - 593." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF381796FFBAFFEEFF60FE65FAAA9B93" ID-Table-UUID="DF381796FFBAFFEEFF60FE65FAAA9B93" box="[151,1388,439,464]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF381796FFBAFFEEFF60FE65FAAA9B93" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[180,1419,497,1225]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFBAFFEEFF60FE65FAAA9B93" blockId="7.[151,1388,439,464]" box="[151,1388,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFF60FE65FED69B8C" bold="true" box="[151,272,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
A comparison of morphological characters commonly used to distinguish five species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFB0AFE6AFAA39B8C" box="[1277,1381,440,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFB0AFE6AFAA39B8C" box="[1277,1381,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cerberus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFBAFFEEFDE6FE23FA839E95" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<table id="F947B5BEFFBA0016FF43FE23FA4D9E95" box="[180,1419,497,1225]" gridcols="5" gridrows="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFBA0016FF43FE23FA4D985B" box="[180,1419,497,519]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFBA0016FDF6FE23FDBC985B" box="[513,634,497,519]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFDE6FE23FDAC985B" box="[529,618,497,519]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFDE6FE23FDAC985B" box="[529,618,497,519]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFBA0016FD58FE23FCE7985B" box="[687,801,497,519]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFD37FE23FCD6985B" box="[704,784,497,519]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFD37FE23FCD6985B" box="[704,784,497,519]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">dunsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFBA0016FC83FE23FC28985B" box="[884,1006,497,519]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFC8BFE23FC21985B" box="[892,999,497,519]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFC8BFE23FC21985B" box="[892,999,497,519]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">microlepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFBA0016FBCEFE23FA4D985B" box="[1081,1419,497,519]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFBB0FE23FAAE985B" box="[1095,1384,497,519]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="rynchops" variety="schneiderii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFBB0FE23FAAE985B" box="[1095,1384,497,519]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">rynchops schneiderii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFBA0016FF43FDCFFA4D986F" box="[180,1419,541,563]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFBA0016FF43FDCFFE0C986F" box="[180,458,541,563]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n=</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FDF6FDCFFDBC986F" box="[513,634,541,563]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">14</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FD58FDCFFCE7986F" box="[687,801,541,563]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">6</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FC83FDCFFC28986F" box="[884,1006,541,563]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">16</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FBCEFDCFFA4D986F" box="[1081,1419,541,563]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">52 123</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFBA0016FF43FD9BFA4D98DC" box="[180,1419,585,640]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFBA0016FF43FD9BFE0C98DC" box="[180,458,585,640]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FDF6FD9BFDBC98DC" box="[513,634,585,640]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Australasia</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FD58FD9BFCE798DC" box="[687,801,585,640]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Palau, Micronesia</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FC83FD9BFC2898DC" box="[884,1006,585,640]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lake Buhi, Philippines</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FBCEFD9BFA4D98DC" box="[1081,1419,585,640]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">South Asia Southeastern Asia</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFBA0016FF43FD45FA4D9893" box="[180,1419,663,719]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFBA0016FF43FD45FE0C9893" box="[180,458,663,719]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dorsal scale rows</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FDF6FD45FDBC9893" box="[513,634,663,719]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">21–25 (usually 23)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FD58FD45FCE79893" box="[687,801,663,719]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">23</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FC83FD45FC289893" box="[884,1006,663,719]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">27–31 (usually 29)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FBCEFD45FA4D9893" box="[1081,1419,663,719]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">21–27 21–27 (usually 25) (usually 23)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFBA0016FF43FD36FA4D98A6" box="[180,1419,740,762]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFBA0016FF43FD36FE0C98A6" box="[180,458,740,762]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ventrals males</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FDF6FD36FDBC98A6" box="[513,634,740,762]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">146–154</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FD58FD36FCE798A6" box="[687,801,740,762]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">No data</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FC83FD36FC2898A6" box="[884,1006,740,762]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">160–172</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FBCEFD36FA4D98A6" box="[1081,1419,740,762]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">134–152 140–170</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFBA0016FF43FCC2FA4D997A" box="[180,1419,784,806]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFBA0016FF43FCC2FE0C997A" box="[180,458,784,806]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ventral females</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FDF6FCC2FDBC997A" box="[513,634,784,806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">142–153</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FD58FCC2FCE7997A" box="[687,801,784,806]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">146–147</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FC83FCC2FC28997A" box="[884,1006,784,806]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">159–165</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FBCEFCC2FA4D997A" box="[1081,1419,784,806]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">135–152 141–152</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFBA0016FF43FCEEFA4D990E" box="[180,1419,828,850]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFBA0016FF43FCEEFE0C990E" box="[180,458,828,850]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Subcaudals males</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FDF6FCEEFDBC990E" box="[513,634,828,850]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">49–63</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FD58FCEEFCE7990E" box="[687,801,828,850]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">No data</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FC83FCEEFC28990E" box="[884,1006,828,850]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">60–70</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FBCEFCEEFA4D990E" box="[1081,1419,828,850]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">60–67 53–75</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFBA0016FF43FCBAFA4D9922" box="[180,1419,872,894]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFBA0016FF43FCBAFE0C9922" box="[180,458,872,894]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Subcaudals females</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FDF6FCBAFDBC9922" box="[513,634,872,894]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">42–51</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FD58FCBAFCE79922" box="[687,801,872,894]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">50–52</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FC83FCBAFC289922" box="[884,1006,872,894]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">54–61</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FBCEFCBAFA4D9922" box="[1081,1419,872,894]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">48–59 47–61</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFBA0016FF43FC46FA4D99F6" box="[180,1419,916,938]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFBA0016FF43FC46FE0C99F6" box="[180,458,916,938]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Divided rear upper labials</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FDF6FC46FDBC99F6" box="[513,634,916,938]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">one</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FD58FC46FCE799F6" box="[687,801,916,938]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">one</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FC83FC46FC2899F6" box="[884,1006,916,938]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">one</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FBCEFC46FA4D99F6" box="[1081,1419,916,938]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">two one</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFBA0016FF43FC12FA4D998A" box="[180,1419,960,982]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFBA0016FF43FC12FE0C998A" box="[180,458,960,982]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Keeled scales on crown</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FDF6FC12FDBC998A" box="[513,634,960,982]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">no</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FD58FC12FCE7998A" box="[687,801,960,982]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">no</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FC83FC12FC28998A" box="[884,1006,960,982]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FBCEFC12FA4D998A" box="[1081,1419,960,982]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">yes yes</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFBA0016FF43FC3EFA4D9E5E" box="[180,1419,1004,1026]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFBA0016FF43FC3EFE0C9E5E" box="[180,458,1004,1026]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lateral stripe on scale rows</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FDF6FC3EFDBC9E5E" box="[513,634,1004,1026]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1–3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FD58FC3EFCE79E5E" box="[687,801,1004,1026]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1–2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FC83FC3EFC289E5E" box="[884,1006,1004,1026]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1–2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FBCEFC3EFA4D9E5E" box="[1081,1419,1004,1026]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1–3 or 1–4 1–3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFBA0016FF43FBCAFA4D9E72" box="[180,1419,1048,1070]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFBA0016FF43FBCAFE0C9E72" box="[180,458,1048,1070]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Upper labials @ loreal</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FDF6FBCAFDBC9E72" box="[513,634,1048,1070]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2–3 or 2–4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FD58FBCAFCE79E72" box="[687,801,1048,1070]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1–4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FC83FBCAFC289E72" box="[884,1006,1048,1070]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1–4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FBCEFBCAFA4D9E72" box="[1081,1419,1048,1070]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1–3, 1–4 1–3, 1–4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFBA0016FF43FB96FA4D9E27" box="[180,1419,1092,1147]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFBA0016FF43FB96FE0C9E27" box="[180,458,1092,1147]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Plate-like parietal scale fragments</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FDF6FB96FDBC9E27" box="[513,634,1092,1147]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">no</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FD58FB96FCE79E27" box="[687,801,1092,1147]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FC83FB96FC289E27" box="[884,1006,1092,1147]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">no</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FBCEFB96FA4D9E27" box="[1081,1419,1092,1147]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">no no</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3577455CFFBA0016FF43FB40FA4D9E95" box="[180,1419,1170,1225]" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76A62C20FFBA0016FF43FB40FE0C9E95" box="[180,458,1170,1225]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ventral pattern</th>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FDF6FB40FDBC9E95" box="[513,634,1170,1225]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">mottled</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FD58FB40FCE79E95" box="[687,801,1170,1225]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">uniformly dark</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FC83FB40FC289E95" box="[884,1006,1170,1225]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">mottled</td>
|
||
<td id="76A62C20FFBA0016FBCEFB40FA4D9E95" box="[1081,1419,1170,1225]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">mottled, lateral mottled bars</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFBAFFEEFF30FAE3FB589D39" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFBAFFEEFF30FAE3FD5D9D41" blockId="7.[151,1436,1329,1894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFF30FAE3FEFC9F16" bold="true" box="[199,314,1329,1354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFEA5FAE0FE7C9F16" box="[338,442,1330,1354]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFEA5FAE0FE7C9F16" box="[338,442,1330,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cerberus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all other homalopsid snakes with nasal scales in contact by: keeled, striated dorsal scales; absence of rostral appendages; and parietal scales that are partially or completely fragmented. It differs from its sister,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFDC1FAA8FD7A9FCE" box="[566,700,1402,1426]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Homalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFDC1FAA8FD7A9FCE" box="[566,700,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Homalopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having fewer scale rows (21–31 at midbody in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFB0CFAA8FAA59FCE" box="[1275,1379,1402,1426]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFB0CFAA8FAA59FCE" box="[1275,1379,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cerberus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 33– 49 rows in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFEE4FA4CFE5F9FEA" box="[275,409,1438,1462]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Homalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFEE4FA4CFE5F9FEA" box="[275,409,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Homalopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and fragmented parietal scales. Most specimens are less than one meter, and the maximum size for most species is less than 1.2 m. The tail is 16–29% of the snout-vent length (SVL). Females are larger than males in the species where both sexes could be examined. Head plates (prefrontal, frontal, and parietals) show a strong tendency to fragment into smaller scales. One or more large posterior upper labials are horizontally divided. Subocular scales may or may not be present, even within a single population. Temporal scales are small and not plate-like. Dorsal scale rows at midbody range from 21–31; however most specimens of most species have 23, 25, or 29 rows at midbody. Dorsal scale ornamentation consists of a strongly striated surface with central keel when viewed with a binocular light microscope with
|
||
<date id="FFF961DEFFBAFFEEFD4FF94BFD259CED" box="[696,739,1689,1713]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2010-10">10x</date>
|
||
magnification, and some individuals have tubercles on head scales. Ventral scales range from 134–172 and subcaudal scales range from 42–75. Anterior maxillary teeth number 12–19 and are followed by a diastema and a pair of deeply grooved fangs. Three pairs of chin shields are present and the first pair is usually the largest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFBAFFEEFF30F8FBFB589D39" blockId="7.[151,1436,1329,1894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFF30F8FBFEE19D1E" bold="true" box="[199,295,1833,1858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Content</emphasis>
|
||
: Here we recognize 5 species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFD7EF8F8FC619D1D" authority="Gray, 1849" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[649,935,1833,1858]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFD7EF8F8FCCB9D1E" box="[649,781,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFBAFFEEFCEBF8FBFC599D1D" author="Gray" box="[796,927,1833,1857]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Gray, J. (1849) Catalogue of the Specimens of Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 125 pp." type="book" year="1849">Gray, 1849</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFC43F8F8FBE89D1E" box="[948,1070,1834,1858]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFC43F8F8FBE89D1E" box="[948,1070,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. dunsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2002677FFBAFFEEFBC1F8F8FBB39D1D" box="[1078,1141,1834,1857]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFB74F8F8FF159D39" authority="Boulenger, 1896" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFB74F8F8FADF9D1E" box="[1155,1305,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. microlepis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFBAFFEEFAD6F8FBFF159D39" author="Boulenger" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum. Volume 3. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 727 pp." type="book" year="1896">Boulenger, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFF2AF89CFDF39D39" authority="Schneider, 1799" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1799" box="[221,565,1869,1894]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rynchops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFF2AF89CFEA39D3A" box="[221,357,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. rynchops</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFBAFFEEFE84F89FFDE89D39" author="Schneider" box="[371,558,1869,1893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Schneider, J. G. (1799) Historiae amphibiorum naturalis et literariae. Fasciculus primus, continens Ranas, Clamitas, Bufones, Salamandras et Hydros in genera et species descriptos notisque suis distinctos. Friederici Frommann, Jenae, 264 pp." type="book" year="1799">Schneider, 1799</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFBAFFEEFD86F89CFC089D39" authority="Schlegel, 1837" authorityName="Schlegel" authorityYear="1837" box="[625,974,1869,1894]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Homalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schneiderii" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFBAFFEEFD86F89CFCC89D3A" box="[625,782,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. schneiderii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFBAFFEEFCEAF89FFC039D39" author="Schlegel" box="[797,965,1869,1893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Schlegel, H. (1837) Essai sur la physionomie des serpens. II. Partie descriptive. J. Kips, J. Hz, & W. P. Van Stockum, The Hague, 606 pp." type="book" year="1837">Schlegel, 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2002677FFBAFFEEFC22F89CFB5D9D39" box="[981,1179,1869,1893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |