794 lines
102 KiB
XML
794 lines
102 KiB
XML
<document id="4FFF59B35083FC8C52C15DB106C7C51F" ID-CLB-Dataset="299048" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.12117460" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9b4dc334-cb6f-44ae-810c-3692013a1e34" ID-ISSN="0026-279X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12117460" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1718741314668" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bauman, Scott & Kerr, Usa And Alexander M." docDate="2013" docId="03DEEA13E735FFAAFD515FBEF7E3F9EF" docLanguage="en" docName="Micronesica.2013.05.1-12.pdf" docOrigin="Micronesica 2013 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EC0D9ADD3D60FBF020441D7E31660C56.1:Micronesica.2013-.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="EC0D9ADD3D60FBF020441D7E31660C56" docStyleName="Micronesica.2013-.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Partula desolata Bauman & Kerr 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFE7926BE731FFA2FFCB5B2EF64AFFAF" masterDocTitle="Partula desolata sp. nov. (Pulmonata: Partulidae), an extinct land snail from Rota, Mariana Islands, Micronesia" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1719517158702" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="93B9CACC54ECAA67191F5EC7998060D9">Partula desolata sp. nov. (Pulmonata: Partulidae), an extinct land snail from Rota, Mariana Islands, Micronesia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="092D0755A9E6D26C3765548C1071D943" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="11F23760319EE78F5B5D29EDFFD1DA87">Bauman, Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D6AA722C8CC70A707015F5502E91921C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F3CA27CD39126C0D1FC7F6A6F0C27CC4">Kerr, Usa And Alexander M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E07D3C4238FAC541AC0590E11FDC2C3C" type="email">alexander.kerr@aya.yale.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="861A5DB82C213C58F758379A776C0608">Micronesica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="961A027B9534399FA01E263FFA212DEC">
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<mods:date id="36804E509F45514E05867CA4FF16D870">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BFD4C0B8C265206854D1F45F916E5E08">2013</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2EB3F175AFF1050AFFDBB12501B43FA9">5</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="512ABC0BA77AA4A60FC5AFF5C4226046">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3BE24465B858B13E8C15E4A0841CABF4" type="CLB-Dataset">299048</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2A038126F721251A15DD50EC02A40956" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.12117460</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DEEA13E735FFAAFD515FBEF7E3F9EF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12572644" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233810480" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12572644" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DEEA13E735FFAAFD515FBEF7E3F9EF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DEEA13E735FFAAFD515FBEF7E3F9EF" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="C36D088EE735FFA6FD515FBEF58CFB04" box="[666,966,1168,1195]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC85B05E735FFA6FD515FBEF58CFB04" blockId="4.[336,1296,1168,1734]" box="[666,966,1168,1195]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B9038717E735FFA6FD515FBEF58CFB04" bold="true" box="[666,966,1168,1195]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C772086E735FFA6FD515FBEF515FB04" ID-CoL="75T5Q" authority="Bauman & Kerr, 2013" authorityName="Bauman & Kerr" authorityYear="2013" box="[666,863,1168,1195]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="desolata" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="B9038717E735FFA6FD515FBEF515FB04" bold="true" box="[666,863,1168,1195]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Partula desolata</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303A6CE735FFA6FCAC5FBFF58CFB04" box="[871,966,1169,1195]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D088EE735FFA6FD3B5F9DF53BFB63" box="[752,881,1203,1228]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85B05E735FFA6FD3B5F9DF53BFB63" blockId="4.[336,1296,1168,1734]" box="[752,881,1203,1228]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C4780E735FFA6FD335F9DF52DFB63" box="[760,871,1203,1228]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="3.[336,405,1516,1539]" captionStartId-1="4.[336,405,999,1022]" captionTargetBox-0="[336,1295,369,1461]" captionTargetBox-1="[336,1296,353,976]" captionTargetId-0="figure-4@3.[336,1296,369,1462]" captionTargetId-1="figure-8@4.[336,1296,353,977]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="Figure 2. Partula desolata Bauman & Kerr, sp. nov. Holotype, BPBM 252143-A, Payapai Cave, Alaguan region, Rota Island, Mariana Islands. Scale bar = 10 mm. A.–C. Apertural, adapertural, apical views, respectively. D. Slightly oblique basal view exposing the umbilical pit and a thickened and reflexed, but damaged, basal peristome." captionText-1="Figure 3. Comparison of Partula desolata sp. nov. to P. gibba and P. thalia, showing disparity in size and development of peristome. Scale bar = 10 mm. P. desolata sp. nov., Rota, Mariana Islands, paratypes: A. UGI 3001, B. UF 449332 and C. UF 449333. D. P. gibba, Rota, UF 449334. E. P. thalia, Raiatea, Society Islands, UF 112145." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12117470" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12117478" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12117470/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12117478/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
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||
)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36D088EE735FFA6FE9B5FFAF5C1FB41" box="[336,907,1236,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85B05E735FFA6FE9B5FFAF5C1FB41" blockId="4.[336,1296,1168,1734]" box="[336,907,1236,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB677C2BE735FFA6FE9B5FFAF5C1FB41" box="[336,907,1236,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E735FFA6FE9B5FFAF7E3FB41" ID-CoL="7PBZ7" authorityName="Ferussac" authorityYear="1821" box="[336,425,1236,1262]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9038717E735FFA6FE9B5FFAF7E3FB41" box="[336,425,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Partula</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
cf./
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD67D14E735FFA6FE1C5FFBF560FB41" author="Bauman" box="[471,810,1236,1262]" page="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1996">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E735FFA6FE1C5FFBF560FB41" ID-CoL="6TSTT" authority=", Bauman 1996: 21" authorityName="Bauman" authorityPageNumber="21" authorityYear="1996" box="[471,810,1236,1262]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibba">
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||
aff.
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||
<emphasis id="B9038717E735FFA6FDCC5FFAF400FB41" box="[519,586,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">gibba</emphasis>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E735FFA6FD935FFBF560FB41" author="Bauman" box="[600,810,1237,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="13 - 27" refId="ref4207" refString="Bauman S. 1996. Diversity and decline of land snails on Rota, Mariana Islands. American Malacological Bulletin 12: 13 - 27." type="journal article" year="1996">Bauman 1996: 21</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 32.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D088EE735FFA6FE4D5FD8F586F969" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85B05E735FFA6FE4D5FD8F49CFA75" blockId="4.[336,1296,1168,1734]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E735FFA6FE4D5FD8F434FABF" bold="true" box="[390,638,1270,1296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F5158E735FFA6FD415FD9F346FA9E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4899864301" collectingDate="1994-07" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="S. Bauman" location="Payapai Cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="BPBM 252143" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="54CCE5A7E735FFA6FD415FD9F4B6FABF" box="[650,764,1271,1296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD1F37EE735FFA6FCC05FD9F58EFABF" box="[779,964,1271,1296]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">BPBM 252143</specimenCode>
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||
-A, complete shell,
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||
<location id="8EA80DDEE735FFA6FB785FD9F7C6FA9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DEEA13E735FFAAFD515FBEF7E3F9EF:8EA80DDEE735FFA6FB785FD9F7C6FA9E" name="Payapai Cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Payapai Cave</location>
|
||
(Test Pit 3, Layer III, level 4),
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C772086E735FFA6FCE35E36F5ACFA9E" authority=", Collector" authorityName="Collector" box="[808,998,1304,1329]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rota">Rota, Collector</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26823ED3E735FFA6FC3D5E36F235FA9E" box="[1014,1151,1304,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. Bauman</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC97DC5E735FFA6FB5B5E36F346FA9E" box="[1168,1292,1304,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8D842DE735FFA6FB5B5E36F346FA9E" box="[1168,1292,1304,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-07">July 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F5158E735FFA6FE9B5E14F56AFADA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4899864302" collectingDate="1994-07-21" collectionCode="UF" collectorName="Alaguan Rock Shelter & S. Bauman" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="UF 449333" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CCE5A7E735FFA6FE9B5E14F78DFAFC" box="[336,455,1338,1363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
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||
<specimenCode id="DBD1F37EE735FFA6FE1C5E14F429FAFC" box="[471,611,1338,1363]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">UF 449333</specimenCode>
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||
, partial shell,
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<collectorName id="26823ED3E735FFA6FCDD5E14F269FAFC" box="[790,1059,1338,1363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Alaguan Rock Shelter</collectorName>
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||
(Test Pit 1),
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E735FFA6FB1A5E14F788FADA" authority=", Collector" authorityName="Collector" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rota">Rota, Collector</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
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||
<collectorName id="26823ED3E735FFA6FE1E5E72F42AFADA" box="[469,608,1372,1397]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. Bauman</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC97DC5E735FFA6FDBE5E72F56AFADA" box="[629,800,1372,1397]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-07-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8D842DE735FFA6FDBE5E72F56AFADA" box="[629,800,1372,1397]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-07-21">21 July 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F5158E735FFA6FCFF5E72F2F4FA39" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4899864304" collectingDate="1994-07-23" collectionCode="UF" collectorName="S. Bauman" location="As Matmos Cliffside Cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="UF 449332" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD1F37EE735FFA6FCFF5E72F58EFADA" box="[820,964,1372,1397]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">UF 449332</specimenCode>
|
||
, partial shell,
|
||
<location id="8EA80DDEE735FFA6FB4B5E72F44AFA39" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DEEA13E735FFAAFD515FBEF7E3F9EF:8EA80DDEE735FFA6FB4B5E72F44AFA39" name="As Matmos Cliffside Cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">As Matmos Cliffside Cave</location>
|
||
(Test Pit 1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E735FFA6FD7B5E53F524FA39" authority=", Collector" authorityName="Collector" box="[688,878,1405,1430]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rota">Rota, Collector</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26823ED3E735FFA6FCB55E53F24DFA39" box="[894,1031,1405,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. Bauman</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC97DC5E735FFA6FBD35E53F2F4FA39" box="[1048,1214,1405,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-07-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8D842DE735FFA6FBD35E53F2F4FA39" box="[1048,1214,1405,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-07-23">23 July 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F5158E735FFA6FB175E53F498FA75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4899864305" collectingDate="1994-07" collectionCode="UGI" collectorName="S. Bauman" location="Payapai Cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="UGI 3001" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD1F37EE735FFA6FB175E53F7C7FA17" collectionCode="UGI" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">UGI 3001</specimenCode>
|
||
, complete shell,
|
||
<location id="8EA80DDEE735FFA6FDA55EB1F552FA17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DEEA13E735FFAAFD515FBEF7E3F9EF:8EA80DDEE735FFA6FDA55EB1F552FA17" box="[622,792,1439,1464]" name="Payapai Cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Payapai Cave</location>
|
||
(Test Pit 3, Layer III, level 4),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E735FFA6FB1A5EB1F788FA75" authority=", Collector" authorityName="Collector" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rota">Rota, Collector</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26823ED3E735FFA6FE065EEFF41AFA75" box="[461,592,1473,1498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. Bauman</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC97DC5E735FFA6FD975EEFF498FA75" box="[604,722,1473,1498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8D842DE735FFA6FD975EEFF498FA75" box="[604,722,1473,1498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-07">July 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85B05E735FFA6FE4D5ECCF586F969" blockId="4.[336,1296,1168,1734]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E735FFA6FE4D5ECCF4E2FA53" bold="true" box="[390,680,1506,1532]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Comparative material.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E735FFA6FD7E5ECCF589FA53" authority=", BPBM" authorityName="BPBM" box="[693,963,1506,1532]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E735FFA6FD7E5ECCF514FA53" box="[693,862,1506,1532]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Partula gibba</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F5158E735FFA6FCB95ECDF47CF990" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4899864306" collectingDate="1994-07" collectionCode="UF" collectorName="S. Bauman" county="Layer" location="Payapai Cave" municipality="Test Pit" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="UF 449334" specimenCount="1">
|
||
BPBM 252143-B, complete shell,
|
||
<location id="8EA80DDEE735FFA6FE9B5D2AF7B9F9B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DEEA13E735FFAAFD515FBEF7E3F9EF:8EA80DDEE735FFA6FE9B5D2AF7B9F9B2" box="[336,499,1540,1565]" county="Layer" municipality="Test Pit" name="Payapai Cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Payapai Cave</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BACC17FE735FFA6FDCD5D2AF42CF9B2" box="[518,614,1540,1565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Test Pit</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
3,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62A92389E735FFA6FD595D2AF49CF9B2" box="[658,726,1540,1565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Layer</collectingCounty>
|
||
III, level 4),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E735FFA6FCB45D2AF271F9B2" authority=", Collector" authorityName="Collector" box="[895,1083,1540,1565]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rota">Rota, Collector</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26823ED3E735FFA6FB825D2AF285F9B2" box="[1097,1231,1540,1565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. Bauman</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC97DC5E735FFA6FB145D2AF7C4F990" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8D842DE735FFA6FB145D2AF7C4F990" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-07">July 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD1F37EE735FFA6FE6F5D08F47CF990" box="[420,566,1574,1599]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">UF 449334</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F5158E735FFA6FD805D08F58EF9CE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4899864308" collectingDate="1994-07-21" collectionCode="UF" collectorName="S. Bauman" location="Alaguan Rock Shelter" municipality="Test Pit" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="UF 449335" specimenCount="1">
|
||
partial shell,
|
||
<location id="8EA80DDEE735FFA6FD335D08F245F990" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DEEA13E735FFAAFD515FBEF7E3F9EF:8EA80DDEE735FFA6FD335D08F245F990" box="[760,1039,1574,1599]" municipality="Test Pit" name="Alaguan Rock Shelter" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Alaguan Rock Shelter</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BACC17FE735FFA6FBE35D08F2C4F990" box="[1064,1166,1574,1599]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Test Pit</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E735FFA6FB1A5D08F788F9CE" authority=", Collector" authorityName="Collector" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rota">Rota, Collector</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26823ED3E735FFA6FE1E5D66F42AF9CE" box="[469,608,1608,1633]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. Bauman</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC97DC5E735FFA6FDBE5D66F56AF9CE" box="[629,800,1608,1633]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-07-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8D842DE735FFA6FDBE5D66F56AF9CE" box="[629,800,1608,1633]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-07-21">21 July 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD1F37EE735FFA6FCFF5D66F58EF9CE" box="[820,964,1608,1633]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">UF 449335</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F5158E735FFA6FC1C5D66F2EDF92C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4899864307" collectingDate="1994-07-23" collectorName="S. Bauman" location="As Matmos Cliffside Cave" municipality="Test Pit" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1">
|
||
partial shell,
|
||
<location id="8EA80DDEE735FFA6FB4B5D66F7B4F92C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DEEA13E735FFAAFD515FBEF7E3F9EF:8EA80DDEE735FFA6FB4B5D66F7B4F92C" municipality="Test Pit" name="As Matmos Cliffside Cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">As Matmos Cliffside Cave</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BACC17FE735FFA6FDDB5D44F43AF92C" box="[528,624,1642,1667]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Test Pit</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E735FFA6FD6D5D44F52BF92C" authority=", Collector" authorityName="Collector" box="[678,865,1642,1667]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rota">Rota, Collector</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26823ED3E735FFA6FCA45D44F5BCF92C" box="[879,1014,1642,1667]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. Bauman</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC97DC5E735FFA6FBCE5D44F2EDF92C" box="[1029,1191,1642,1667]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-07-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8D842DE735FFA6FBCE5D44F2EDF92C" box="[1029,1191,1642,1667]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-07-23">23 July 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F5158E735FFA6FB7D5D46F4A2F969" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4899864303" collectorName="Collector & W. J. Clench" country="French Polynesia" location="Raiatea" municipality="Society Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E735FFA6FB7D5D46F422F90B" authority="Garrett, 1884 UF" authorityName="Garrett" authorityYear="1884" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="thalia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E735FFA6FB7D5D46F7DEF90B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Partula thalia</emphasis>
|
||
Garrett, 1884 UF
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
112145, complete shell,
|
||
<location id="8EA80DDEE735FFA6FC5F5DA5F5A5F90B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DEEA13E735FFAAFD515FBEF7E3F9EF:8EA80DDEE735FFA6FC5F5DA5F5A5F90B" box="[916,1007,1675,1700]" country="French Polynesia" municipality="Society Islands" name="Raiatea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Raiatea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BACC17FE735FFA6FC305DA5F2F8F90B" box="[1019,1202,1675,1700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Society Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3601B95E735FFA6FB745DA5F78FF969" name="French Polynesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26823ED3E735FFA6FE1A5D83F409F969" box="[465,579,1709,1734]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Collector</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26823ED3E735FFA6FD865D83F4A2F969" box="[589,744,1709,1734]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">W. J. Clench</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, no collection date.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D088EE734FFA7FE4D5A46F517FE0C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85B05E734FFA7FE4D5A46F517FE0C" blockId="5.[336,1297,360,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E734FFA7FE4D5A46F44CFE2D" bold="true" box="[390,518,360,386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E734FFA7FDFA5A46F4C0FE2D" authorityName="Ferussac" authorityYear="1821" box="[561,650,360,386]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E734FFA7FDFA5A46F4C0FE2D" box="[561,650,360,386]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Partula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3601B95E734FFA7FCCC5A47F58DFE2D" box="[775,967,361,386]" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mariana Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
with a robust shell and an expanded, reflexed and thickened peristome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D088EE734FFA7FE4D5A85F5C9FB40" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85B05E734FFA7FE4D5A85F5C9FB40" blockId="5.[336,1297,360,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E734FFA7FE4D5A85F454FE6A" bold="true" box="[390,542,427,453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Shells dextral, heavy, opaque, ovate conical, colour altered taphonomically in at least some specimens, but in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CCE5A7E734FFA7FC215AE0F21AFE48" box="[1002,1104,462,487]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
both externally and internally light brown, darker near sutures, protoconch whorl and peristome lighter. The following measurement ranges are drawn from three to, when possible, all
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D71908CE734FFA7FE3C591DF4F9FDE3" box="[503,691,563,588]" count="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
and always include the complete shell of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CCE5A7E734FFA7FE9B597BF7F1FDC1" box="[336,443,597,622]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: Shell height
|
||
<quantity id="4C8FF6E0E734FFA7FDA3597BF559FDC1" box="[616,787,597,622]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.835" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.72" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="18.35" valueMax="19.5" valueMin="17.2">17.2–19.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CCE5A7E734FFA7FCEF597BF5C6FDC1" box="[804,908,597,622]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8FF6E0E734FFA7FC5E597BF249FDC1" box="[917,1027,597,622]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="19.5">19.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), width
|
||
<quantity id="4C8FF6E0E734FFA7FBAF597BF345FDC1" box="[1124,1295,597,622]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" metricValueMax="1.48" metricValueMin="1.38" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="14.3" valueMax="14.8" valueMin="13.8">13.8–14.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CCE5A7E734FFA7FE935958F78AFD20" box="[344,448,630,655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8FF6E0E734FFA7FE015958F472FD20" box="[458,568,630,655]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="14.5">14.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), aperture height
|
||
<quantity id="4C8FF6E0E734FFA7FCC05958F5EDFD20" box="[779,935,630,655]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.115" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="0.98" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="11.15" valueMax="12.5" valueMin="9.8">9.8–12.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CCE5A7E734FFA7FC725958F26BFD20" box="[953,1057,630,655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8FF6E0E734FFA7FBE05958F2D0FD20" box="[1067,1178,630,655]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), aperture width
|
||
<quantity id="4C8FF6E0E734FFA7FE5059B6F47DFD1E" box="[411,567,664,689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" metricValueMax="10.1" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="9.3" valueMax="10.1" valueMin="8.5">8.5–10.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CCE5A7E734FFA7FD8359B6F4FAFD1E" box="[584,688,664,689]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8FF6E0E734FFA7FD7259B6F56DFD1E" box="[697,807,664,689]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="10.1">10.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
), peristome width at parietal margin 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C8FF6E0E734FFA7FE9B5994F7E6FD7C" box="[336,428,698,723]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CCE5A7E734FFA7FE745994F46DFD7C" box="[447,551,698,723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
2.0 mm), peristome thickness at parietal margin 2.2–3.0 mm (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CCE5A7E734FFA7FE9359F5F78AFD5B" box="[344,448,731,756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8FF6E0E734FFA7FE0159F5F461FD5B" box="[458,555,731,756]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
), shell height/width ratio 1.10–1.43 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CCE5A7E734FFA7FC2C59F5F205FD5B" box="[999,1103,731,756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
1.10), apertural height/width ratio 0.71–1.10 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CCE5A7E734FFA7FD7759D3F56EFCB9" box="[700,804,765,790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
0.74); about one protoconch whorl and 3.5 teleoconch whorls. Spire conical, apex somewhat obtuse, whorls evenly descending, basal whorl ca. 60% of shell height, protoconch whorl smooth, postembryonic whorls nearly shiny in some specimens, nearly flattened, numerous prosoclinic growth striae at irregular intervals checking or offsetting fine, evenly spaced appressed spiral striae, suture distinct, emarginate, impressed, aperture slightly oblique, squarish to auriculate, non-labiate, with a thick, reflexed, flattened and polished peristome, columellar margin straight and flared against the body whorl, almost circular in outline through the basal and mid-palatal margin, then angling adaxially while narrowing suddenly so as to form a low, rounded sub-denticulate inner border, the aperture's entire margin thick, from 2.5–3.0 mm (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CCE5A7E734FFA7FE3C5F5FF415FB25" box="[503,607,1137,1162]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
3.0 mm) at the peripheral palatal margin, with distinct multiple growth lamellae, parietal callus present, opaque, thin, of uniform thickness, undenticulated, umbilicus typically
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E734FFA7FC405F9DF5AEFB62" authorityName="Ferussac" authorityYear="1821" box="[907,996,1203,1229]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E734FFA7FC405F9DF5AEFB62" box="[907,996,1203,1229]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Partula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like: narrow, deep, and partially eclipsed by the reflexed columellar lip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D088EE734FFA7FE4D5FD9F2E6F9EF" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85B05E734FFA7FE4D5FD9F2E6F9EF" blockId="5.[336,1297,360,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E734FFA7FE4D5FD9F45EFABE" bold="true" box="[390,532,1271,1297]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This snail was discovered and is being described at a time when over half of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E734FFA7FDD25E37F4DAFA9D" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1900" box="[537,656,1305,1330]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Partulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are now extinct (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E734FFA7FCA25E37F24AFA9D" author="Cowie, R. H." box="[873,1024,1305,1330]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="167 - 191" refId="ref4261" refString="Cowie, R. H. 1992. Evolution and extinction of Partulidae, endemic Pacific island land snails. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 335: 167 - 191." type="journal article" year="1992">Cowie 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including two of the five species inhabiting the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3601B95E734FFA7FD7B5E15F53FFAFB" box="[688,885,1339,1364]" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mariana Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E734FFA7FC455E15F2FFFAFB" author="Hopper, D. R. & Smith, B. D." box="[910,1205,1339,1364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="77 - 85" refId="ref4443" refString="Hopper, D. R. & Smith, B. D. 1992. Status of tree snails (Gastropoda: Partulidae) on Guam, with a resurvey of sites studied by H. E. Crampton in 1920. Pacific Science 46: 77 - 85." type="journal article" year="1992">Hopper & Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E734FFA7FB015E15F7D6FAD9" author="Smith, B. D." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref5002" refString="Smith, B. D. 2008 a. Seven Decades of Disruption, Decline, and Extinction of Land Snails in Aguiguan, Mariana Islands. Report to the Division of Fish and Wildlife Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Saipan, CNMI. University of Guam Marine Laboratory Miscellaneous Report 116: 1 - 21." type="book chapter" year="2008">Smith 2008a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The remaining three species, as well as most other partulids Pacific-wide, are seriously threatened with extinction (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E734FFA7FCB55E50F25AFA38" author="IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" box="[894,1040,1406,1431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref4521" refString="IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). 2012. Partulidae. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. http: // www. iucnredlist. org [Accessed 1 August 2012]." type="url" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hence, the specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E734FFA7FE7B5EB1F459FA16" authorityName="Bauman & Kerr" authorityYear="2013" box="[432,531,1439,1465]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="desolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E734FFA7FE7B5EB1F459FA16" box="[432,531,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">desolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the singular feminine adjectival form of the Latin present infinitive
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E734FFA7FE0F5EEFF463FA74" box="[452,553,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">desolare</emphasis>
|
||
= to render forsaken or, as in the sense intended here, to have been rendered forsaken) is chosen to indicate that the excavated shells have reemerged in a time quite apart from that in which they once coursed, to a world now desolate of most members of the formerly diverse family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E734FFA7FBE65D09F2E2F9EF" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1900" box="[1069,1192,1575,1600]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Partulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D088EE734FFA4FE4D5D66F2B1FA52" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85B05E734FFA4FE4D5D66F2B1FA52" blockId="5.[336,1297,360,1768]" lastBlockId="6.[336,1296,1272,1768]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E734FFA7FE4D5D66F46CF9CD" bold="true" box="[390,550,1608,1634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from four shells recovered from Late Holocene (<1000 yr BP) deposits in caves from the Alaguan and As Matmos regions of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B395E7E734FFA7FE9B5DA2F7C0F90A" box="[336,394,1676,1701]" country="Northern Mariana Islands" name="Rota" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rota</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3601B95E734FFA7FE535DA2F410F90A" box="[408,602,1676,1701]" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mariana Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The distance between these localities spans roughly half the length of the island (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8FF6E0E734FFA7FDB25D80F499F968" box="[633,723,1710,1735]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="km" value="6.5">6.5 km</quantity>
|
||
), as well as straddles the northern and southern coasts, indicating that the species was probably widely distributed within
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B395E7E734FFA7FB1A5DE1F346F947" box="[1233,1292,1743,1768]" country="Northern Mariana Islands" name="Rota" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rota</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Excavations in similarly aged deposits on the two adjacent and larger islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3601B95E737FFA4FE9B5E37F7DDFA9D" box="[336,407,1305,1330]" name="Guam" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B395E7E737FFA4FE1C5E37F46CFA9D" box="[471,550,1305,1330]" country="Northern Mariana Islands" name="Tinian" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tinian</collectingRegion>
|
||
, have as yet not turned up this
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FC605E36F24EFA9D" authorityName="Ferussac" authorityYear="1821" box="[939,1028,1304,1330]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FC605E36F24EFA9D" box="[939,1028,1304,1330]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Partula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(S. Bauman, unpubl.; J.A. Starmer, pers. comm.; C. Christensen, pers. comm.). Further, extensive searches by us and others (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E737FFA4FD5B5E73F504FAD9" author="Crampton, H. E." box="[656,846,1373,1398]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref4329" refString="Crampton, H. E. 1925. Studies on the Variation, Distribution, and Evolution of the Genus Partula: The Species of the Mariana Islands, Guam, and Saipan. Carnegie Institution of Washington 228 A." type="journal volume" year="1925">Crampton 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E737FFA4FC905E73F5B8FAD9" author="Kondo, Y." box="[859,1010,1373,1398]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="73 - 90" refId="ref4638" refString="Kondo, Y. 1970. Some aspects of Mariana Islands Partulidae (Mollusca, Pulmonata). Occasional Papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum 24: 73 - 90." type="journal article" year="1970">Kondo 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E737FFA4FC345E73F2F7FAD9" author="Kurozumi, T." box="[1023,1213,1373,1398]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="113 - 119" refId="ref4670" refString="Kurozumi, T. 1994. Land molluscs from the northern Mariana Islands, Micronesia. Natural History Research, Special Issue 1: 113 - 119." type="book chapter" year="1994">Kurozumi 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E737FFA4FB015E73F7D3FA38" author="Smith, B. D." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref5002" refString="Smith, B. D. 2008 a. Seven Decades of Disruption, Decline, and Extinction of Land Snails in Aguiguan, Mariana Islands. Report to the Division of Fish and Wildlife Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Saipan, CNMI. University of Guam Marine Laboratory Miscellaneous Report 116: 1 - 21." type="book chapter" year="2008">Smith 2008a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E737FFA4FE625E50F4E5FA38" author="Smith, B. D. & R. Cooper-Nurse & A. M. Gawel" box="[425,687,1406,1431]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref5132" refString="Smith, B. D., R. Cooper-Nurse & A. M. Gawel. 2008. Survey of Endangered Tree Snails on Navy-Owned Lands in Guam. University of Guam Marine Laboratory Technical Report 125: 1 - 22." type="book chapter" year="2008">b, Smith et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; D.R. Hopper, pers. comm.; J.A. Starmer, pers. comm.) for living
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FD8B5EB1F4D3FA16" authorityName="Ferussac" authorityYear="1821" box="[576,665,1439,1465]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FD8B5EB1F4D3FA16" box="[576,665,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Partula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B395E7E737FFA4FD045E8EF54CFA16" box="[719,774,1440,1465]" country="Northern Mariana Islands" name="Rota" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rota</collectingRegion>
|
||
and the other
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3601B95E737FFA4FC045E8EF2DEFA16" box="[975,1172,1440,1465]" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mariana Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
have not discovered contemporary specimens with this morphology. We, therefore, consider this species an endemic of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B395E7E737FFA4FD3D5ECAF57AFA52" box="[758,816,1508,1533]" country="Northern Mariana Islands" name="Rota" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rota</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3601B95E737FFA4FCF75ECAF5B1FA52" box="[828,1019,1508,1533]" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mariana Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and one now extinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF080B8DE737FFA4FEA85A5AF503FD8A" ID-Table-UUID="DF080B8DE737FFA4FEA85A5AF503FD8A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF080B8DE737FFA4FEA85A5AF503FD8A" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[355,416,372,395]" targetBox="[355,1309,576,1218]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85B05E737FFA4FEA85A5AF503FD8A" blockId="6.[355,1320,371,550]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Table 1. Comparison of shell dimensions of Mariana Island
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FC3D5A5DF236FE24" box="[1014,1148,371,395]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FC3D5A5DF20DFE24" box="[1014,1095,371,395]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Partula</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Measurements in millimeters are expressed as a sample mean (and one standard deviation). A hyphen indicates no published data.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FD515A9FF4EDFE67" box="[666,679,433,456]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
|
||
= sample size. For
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FC4A5A9FF5B3FE66" authority="Bauman & Kerr, 2013" authorityName="Bauman & Kerr" authorityYear="2013" box="[897,1017,433,457]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="desolata" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FC4A5A9FF5B3FE66" box="[897,1017,433,457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. desolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303A6CE737FFA4FBCB5A9CF271FE66" box="[1024,1083,434,457]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, shell height based on
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FEA85AFEF73AFE48" box="[355,368,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3. The two-sample
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FDA85AFEF420FE48" box="[611,618,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">t</emphasis>
|
||
tests compare
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FCC05AFEF5C9FE48" authority="Bauman & Kerr, 2013" authorityName="Bauman & Kerr" authorityYear="2013" box="[779,899,463,487]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="desolata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FCC05AFEF5C9FE48" box="[779,899,463,487]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. desolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303A6CE737FFA4FC415AFEF595FE48" box="[906,991,464,487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and the Mariana partulid most similar in size,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FDDE5AC1F4C4FDA9" authorityName="Crampton" authorityYear="1925" box="[533,654,494,518]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salifana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FDDE5AC1F46FFDA9" box="[533,549,495,518]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FDF35AC0F4C4FDA9" box="[568,654,494,518]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">salifana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FD265AC1F4B1FDA7" box="[749,763,495,520]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ts</emphasis>
|
||
= Student’s
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FC595AC1F5D3FDA9" box="[914,921,495,518]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">t</emphasis>
|
||
value for the minimum degrees of freedom
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FE085923F792FD8A" box="[451,472,525,549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">df</emphasis>
|
||
= 18, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FD825920F41CFD8A" box="[585,598,526,549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">p</emphasis>
|
||
= tail probability of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FCFF5920F508FD89" box="[820,834,526,550]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ts</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85B05E737FFA4FEA8596EF278FB6D" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<table id="F977A9A5E737005DFEA8596EF357FB6D" box="[355,1309,576,1218]" gridcols="7" gridrows="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<tr id="35475947E737005DFEA8596EF357FDDA" box="[355,1309,576,629]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="7696303BE737005DFEA8596EF442FDDA" box="[355,520,576,629]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Species</th>
|
||
<th id="7696303BE737005DFDFA596EF4C1FDDA" box="[561,651,576,629]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Shell height</th>
|
||
<th id="7696303BE737005DFD74596EF550FDDA" box="[703,794,576,629]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Shell width</th>
|
||
<th id="7696303BE737005DFC87596EF5FFFDDA" box="[844,949,576,629]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Aperture height</th>
|
||
<th id="7696303BE737005DFC13596EF270FDDA" box="[984,1082,576,629]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Aperture width</th>
|
||
<th id="7696303BE737005DFB91596EF2C5FDDA" box="[1114,1167,576,629]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FBA5596EF231FDF8" box="[1134,1147,576,599]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="7696303BE737005DFB60596EF357FDDA" box="[1195,1309,576,629]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Reference</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35475947E737005DFEA85950F357FD1B" box="[355,1309,638,692]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="7696303BE737005DFEA85950F442FD1B" box="[355,520,638,692]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FEA85951F791FD39" authority="Bauman & Kerr, 2013" authorityName="Bauman & Kerr" authorityYear="2013" box="[355,475,638,662]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="desolata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FEA85951F791FD39" box="[355,475,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. desolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303A6CE737FFA4FE295951F7E7FD1B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFDFA5950F4C1FD1B" box="[561,651,638,692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">18.7 (1.30)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFD745950F550FD1B" box="[703,794,638,692]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">14.4 (.513)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFC875950F5FFFD1B" box="[844,949,638,692]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">11.3 (1.17)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFC135950F270FD1B" box="[984,1082,638,692]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">9.4 (.660)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFB915950F2C5FD1B" box="[1114,1167,638,692]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3–4</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFB605950F357FD1B" box="[1195,1309,638,692]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">This study</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35475947E737005DFEA859E5F357FCAD" box="[355,1309,715,770]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="7696303BE737005DFEA859E5F442FCAD" box="[355,520,715,770]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FEA859E2F7F7FD4C" box="[355,445,715,739]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FEA859E2F7F7FD4C" box="[355,445,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. gibba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Guam)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFDFA59E5F4C1FCAD" box="[561,651,715,770]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">17.1 (.767)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFD7459E5F550FCAD" box="[703,794,715,770]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">11.9 (.571)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFC8759E5F5FFFCAD" box="[844,949,715,770]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">9.7 (.401)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFC1359E5F270FCAD" box="[984,1082,715,770]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">7.3 (.309)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFB9159E5F2C5FCAD" box="[1114,1167,715,770]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">291</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFB6059E5F357FCAD" box="[1195,1309,715,770]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E737FFA4FB6059E2F2ABFCAD" author="Crampton, H. E." box="[1195,1301,716,770]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref4329" refString="Crampton, H. E. 1925. Studies on the Variation, Distribution, and Evolution of the Genus Partula: The Species of the Mariana Islands, Guam, and Saipan. Carnegie Institution of Washington 228 A." type="journal volume" year="1925">Crampton 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35475947E737005DFEA85836F357FCE0" box="[355,1309,792,847]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="7696303BE737005DFEA85836F442FCE0" box="[355,520,792,847]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FEA85837F7F7FC9F" box="[355,445,792,816]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FEA85837F7F7FC9F" box="[355,445,792,816]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. gibba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rota)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFDFA5836F4C1FCE0" box="[561,651,792,847]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">16.6 (.792)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFD745836F550FCE0" box="[703,794,792,847]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">11.2 (.681)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFC875836F5FFFCE0" box="[844,949,792,847]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">9.4 (.590)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFC135836F270FCE0" box="[984,1082,792,847]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">6.8 (.526)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFB915836F2C5FCE0" box="[1114,1167,792,847]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">21</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFB605836F357FCE0" box="[1195,1309,792,847]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">This study</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35475947E737005DFEA85848F357FC33" box="[355,1309,870,924]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="7696303BE737005DFEA85848F442FC33" box="[355,520,870,924]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FEA85849F7F7FCD1" box="[355,445,870,894]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FEA85849F7F7FCD1" box="[355,445,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. gibba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Saipan)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFDFA5848F4C1FC33" box="[561,651,870,924]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">17.1 (.770)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFD745848F550FC33" box="[703,794,870,924]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">12.0 (.573)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFC875848F5FFFC33" box="[844,949,870,924]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">9.7 (.434)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFC135848F270FC33" box="[984,1082,870,924]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">7.2 (.358)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFB915848F2C5FC33" box="[1114,1167,870,924]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2586</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFB605848F357FC33" box="[1195,1309,870,924]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E737FFA4FB675849F2ABFC33" author="Crampton, H. E." box="[1196,1302,871,924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref4329" refString="Crampton, H. E. 1925. Studies on the Variation, Distribution, and Evolution of the Genus Partula: The Species of the Mariana Islands, Guam, and Saipan. Carnegie Institution of Washington 228 A." type="journal volume" year="1925">Crampton 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35475947E737005DFEA8589DF357FC45" box="[355,1309,947,1002]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="7696303BE737005DFEA8589DF442FC45" box="[355,520,947,1002]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FEA8589AF7AEFC64" authorityName="Kondo" authorityYear="1970" box="[355,484,947,971]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="langfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FEA8589AF7AEFC64" box="[355,484,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. langfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFDFA589DF4C1FC45" box="[561,651,947,1002]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">13.9 (.465)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFD74589DF550FC45" box="[703,794,947,1002]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">-</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFC87589DF5FFFC45" box="[844,949,947,1002]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">-</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFC13589DF270FC45" box="[984,1082,947,1002]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">-</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFB91589DF2C5FC45" box="[1114,1167,947,1002]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">73</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFB60589DF357FC45" box="[1195,1309,947,1002]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E737FFA4FB67589AF2ABFC45" author="Kondo, Y." box="[1196,1268,948,1002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="73 - 90" refId="ref4638" refString="Kondo, Y. 1970. Some aspects of Mariana Islands Partulidae (Mollusca, Pulmonata). Occasional Papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum 24: 73 - 90." type="journal article" year="1970">Kondo 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35475947E737005DFEA85F2FF357FB98" box="[355,1309,1025,1079]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="7696303BE737005DFEA85F2FF442FB98" box="[355,520,1025,1079]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FEA85F2FF7AEFBB6" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[355,484,1025,1049]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="radiolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FEA85F2FF7AEFBB6" box="[355,484,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. radiolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFDFA5F2FF4C1FB98" box="[561,651,1025,1079]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">16.6 (.019)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFD745F2FF550FB98" box="[703,794,1025,1079]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">10.2 (.012)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFC875F2FF5FFFB98" box="[844,949,1025,1079]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">9.3 (.011)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFC135F2FF270FB98" box="[984,1082,1025,1079]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">6.7 (.008)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFB915F2FF2C5FB98" box="[1114,1167,1025,1079]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1416</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFB605F2FF357FB98" box="[1195,1309,1025,1079]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E737FFA4FB675F2CF2ABFB98" author="Crampton, H. E." box="[1196,1302,1026,1079]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref4329" refString="Crampton, H. E. 1925. Studies on the Variation, Distribution, and Evolution of the Genus Partula: The Species of the Mariana Islands, Guam, and Saipan. Carnegie Institution of Washington 228 A." type="journal volume" year="1925">Crampton 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35475947E737005DFEA85F60F357FB2B" box="[355,1309,1102,1156]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="7696303BE737005DFEA85F60F442FB2B" box="[355,520,1102,1156]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FEA85F61F79DFBC9" authorityName="Crampton" authorityYear="1925" box="[355,471,1102,1126]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salifana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FEA85F61F79DFBC9" box="[355,471,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. salifana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFDFA5F60F4C1FB2B" box="[561,651,1102,1156]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">18.0 (.151)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFD745F60F550FB2B" box="[703,794,1102,1156]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">11.0 (.063)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFC875F60F5FFFB2B" box="[844,949,1102,1156]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">10.2 (.055)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFC135F60F270FB2B" box="[984,1082,1102,1156]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">7.2 (.034)</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFB915F60F2C5FB2B" box="[1114,1167,1102,1156]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">17</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFB605F60F357FB2B" box="[1195,1309,1102,1156]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E737FFA4FB605F61F2ABFB2B" author="Crampton, H. E." box="[1195,1301,1103,1156]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref4329" refString="Crampton, H. E. 1925. Studies on the Variation, Distribution, and Evolution of the Genus Partula: The Species of the Mariana Islands, Guam, and Saipan. Carnegie Institution of Washington 228 A." type="journal volume" year="1925">Crampton 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35475947E737005DFEA85FA2F357FB6D" box="[355,1309,1164,1218]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="7696303BE737005DFEA85FA2F442FB6D" box="[355,520,1164,1218]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FEA85FA2F738FB0A" box="[355,370,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ts</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FEA85F84F73AFB6E" box="[355,368,1194,1217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">p</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFDFA5FA2F4C1FB6D" box="[561,651,1164,1218]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">6.65 <<0.001</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFD745FA2F550FB6D" box="[703,794,1164,1218]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">82.0 <<0.001</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFC875FA2F5FFFB6D" box="[844,949,1164,1218]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">11.6 <<0.001</td>
|
||
<td id="7696303BE737005DFC135FA2F270FB6D" box="[984,1082,1164,1218]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">40.3 <<0.001</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D088EE737FFAAFE4D5D2AF7E3F9EF" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85B05E737FFA5FE4D5D2AF531FD7C" blockId="6.[336,1296,1272,1768]" lastBlockId="7.[336,1297,361,1768]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FE4D5D2AF7B5F9B1" bold="true" box="[390,511,1540,1566]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FDC65D2AF49DF9B1" authority="Bauman & Kerr, 2013" authorityName="Bauman & Kerr" authorityYear="2013" box="[525,727,1540,1566]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="desolata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FDC65D2AF49DF9B1" box="[525,727,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Partula desolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303A6CE737FFA4FD2E5D2BF50DF9B1" box="[741,839,1541,1566]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from other Mariana
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FB645D2AF342F9B1" authorityName="Ferussac" authorityYear="1821" box="[1199,1288,1540,1566]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FB645D2AF342F9B1" box="[1199,1288,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Partula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including the sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FDA65D09F49BF9EF" box="[621,721,1574,1600]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FDA65D09F49BF9EF" box="[621,721,1574,1600]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. gibba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in multiple respects. To more rigorously assess the distinctiveness of the new species' shell, we used two-sample
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FB545D67F2EDF9CD" box="[1183,1191,1609,1634]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">t</emphasis>
|
||
tests to compare shell height, shell width, apertural height, and apertural width to the respective measures taken from other Mariana
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FCB15DA5F599F90A" authorityName="Ferussac" authorityYear="1821" box="[890,979,1675,1701]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FCB15DA5F599F90A" box="[890,979,1675,1701]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Partula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All tests were performed against the measurements taken by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E737FFA4FCDB5D80F5ABF968" author="Crampton, H. E." box="[784,993,1710,1735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref4329" refString="Crampton, H. E. 1925. Studies on the Variation, Distribution, and Evolution of the Genus Partula: The Species of the Mariana Islands, Guam, and Saipan. Carnegie Institution of Washington 228 A." type="journal volume" year="1925">Crampton (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of the Mariana partulid species most similar in size, the now extinct
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E737FFA4FCB15DE1F5B6F947" authorityName="Crampton" authorityYear="1925" box="[890,1020,1742,1768]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salifana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FCB15DE1F5C6F947" box="[890,908,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E737FFA4FC555DE0F5B6F947" box="[926,1020,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">salifana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This comparison was preferable since it rendered our tests maximally conservative, i.e., it decreased the chance of finding a statistically significant difference among all the species, and for two important reasons. First,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FCE15A82F5E7FE6A" authorityName="Crampton" authorityYear="1925" box="[810,941,427,453]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salifana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FCE15A82F576FE6A" box="[810,828,428,453]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FC845A85F5E7FE6A" box="[847,941,427,453]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">salifana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while somewhat smaller on average than the new species, is nevertheless most similar to the new species in all tested dimensions (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F56EBEE736FFA5FDA05AC1F486FDA7" box="[619,716,495,520]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[355,416,372,395]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of shell dimensions of Mariana Island Partula spp. Measurements in millimeters are expressed as a sample mean (and one standard deviation). A hyphen indicates no published data. n = sample size. For P. desolata n. sp., shell height based on n = 3. The two-sample t tests compare P. desolata sp. nov. and the Mariana partulid most similar in size, P. salifana, where ts = Student’s t value for the minimum degrees of freedom df = 18, and p = tail probability of ts." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF080B8DE737FFA4FEA85A5AF503FD8A" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="DF080B8DE737FFA4FEA85A5AF503FD8A">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Thus, a finding of a significant difference indicates that the other and even smaller species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FBF2593FF2E8FD85" box="[1081,1186,528,554]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FBF2593FF201FD85" box="[1081,1099,529,554]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FB94593EF2E8FD85" box="[1119,1186,528,554]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">gibba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sampled from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3601B95E736FFA5FE5D591DF7ABFDE3" box="[406,481,563,588]" name="Guam" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Rota and Saipan, must also be smaller than expected by chance sampling. Second,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FDF0597BF4F1FDC1" authorityName="Crampton" authorityYear="1925" box="[571,699,596,622]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salifana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FDF0597BF407FDC1" box="[571,589,597,622]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FD96597AF4F1FDC1" box="[605,699,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">salifana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also had the smallest sample size (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FBAB597BF224FDC1" box="[1120,1134,597,622]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 17), which thus provided the least statistical power to uncover a genuine difference. Still, despite our conservative tack,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FD0259B6F51BFD1E" authority="Bauman & Kerr, 2013" authorityName="Bauman & Kerr" authorityYear="2013" box="[713,849,663,689]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="desolata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FD0259B6F51BFD1E" box="[713,849,663,689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. desolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303A6CE736FFA5FC9559B6F5F5FD1E" box="[862,959,664,689]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is on average significantly larger than all other Mariana
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FD6C5997F54AFD7C" authorityName="Ferussac" authorityYear="1821" box="[679,768,697,723]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FD6C5997F54AFD7C" box="[679,768,697,723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Partula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F56EBEE736FFA5FCDB5994F520FD7C" box="[784,874,698,723]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[355,416,372,395]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of shell dimensions of Mariana Island Partula spp. Measurements in millimeters are expressed as a sample mean (and one standard deviation). A hyphen indicates no published data. n = sample size. For P. desolata n. sp., shell height based on n = 3. The two-sample t tests compare P. desolata sp. nov. and the Mariana partulid most similar in size, P. salifana, where ts = Student’s t value for the minimum degrees of freedom df = 18, and p = tail probability of ts." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF080B8DE737FFA4FEA85A5AF503FD8A" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="DF080B8DE737FFA4FEA85A5AF503FD8A">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85B05E736FFA5FE4D59F5F7E6FA9D" blockId="7.[336,1297,361,1768]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The development of the peristome also shows much more expansion and thickening, to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8FF6E0E736FFA5FDC859D3F401FCB9" box="[515,587,765,790]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F56EBEE736FFA5FDAB59D3F48AFCB9" box="[608,704,765,790]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[355,416,372,395]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of shell dimensions of Mariana Island Partula spp. Measurements in millimeters are expressed as a sample mean (and one standard deviation). A hyphen indicates no published data. n = sample size. For P. desolata n. sp., shell height based on n = 3. The two-sample t tests compare P. desolata sp. nov. and the Mariana partulid most similar in size, P. salifana, where ts = Student’s t value for the minimum degrees of freedom df = 18, and p = tail probability of ts." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF080B8DE737FFA4FEA85A5AF503FD8A" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="DF080B8DE737FFA4FEA85A5AF503FD8A">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C4780E736FFA5FD1F59D3F503FCB9" box="[724,841,765,790]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="3.[336,405,1516,1539]" captionStartId-1="4.[336,405,999,1022]" captionTargetBox-0="[336,1295,369,1461]" captionTargetBox-1="[336,1296,353,976]" captionTargetId-0="figure-4@3.[336,1296,369,1462]" captionTargetId-1="figure-8@4.[336,1296,353,977]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="Figure 2. Partula desolata Bauman & Kerr, sp. nov. Holotype, BPBM 252143-A, Payapai Cave, Alaguan region, Rota Island, Mariana Islands. Scale bar = 10 mm. A.–C. Apertural, adapertural, apical views, respectively. D. Slightly oblique basal view exposing the umbilical pit and a thickened and reflexed, but damaged, basal peristome." captionText-1="Figure 3. Comparison of Partula desolata sp. nov. to P. gibba and P. thalia, showing disparity in size and development of peristome. Scale bar = 10 mm. P. desolata sp. nov., Rota, Mariana Islands, paratypes: A. UGI 3001, B. UF 449332 and C. UF 449333. D. P. gibba, Rota, UF 449334. E. P. thalia, Raiatea, Society Islands, UF 112145." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12117470" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12117478" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12117470/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12117478/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
). In fact, this appears unprecedented among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FE135831F405FC97" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1900" box="[472,591,799,824]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Partulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pacific-wide. Expansion, recurving and thickening of the lip approaching that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FDA6586EF4BEFCF6" authority="Bauman & Kerr, 2013" authorityName="Bauman & Kerr" authorityYear="2013" box="[621,756,831,857]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="desolata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FDA6586EF4BEFCF6" box="[621,756,831,857]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. desolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303A6CE736FFA5FD34586FF515FCF5" box="[767,863,833,858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has previously been seen only in a few of the geographically remote species, notably the Raiatean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FB9C584CF2F5FCD4" authorityName="Garrett" authorityYear="1884" box="[1111,1215,865,891]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="thalia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FB9C584CF2F5FCD4" box="[1111,1215,865,891]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. thalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Society Islands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C4780E736FFA5FDDE58AAF438FC32" box="[533,626,900,925]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[336,405,999,1022]" captionTargetBox="[336,1296,353,976]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[336,1296,353,977]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Comparison of Partula desolata sp. nov. to P. gibba and P. thalia, showing disparity in size and development of peristome. Scale bar = 10 mm. P. desolata sp. nov., Rota, Mariana Islands, paratypes: A. UGI 3001, B. UF 449332 and C. UF 449333. D. P. gibba, Rota, UF 449334. E. P. thalia, Raiatea, Society Islands, UF 112145." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12117478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12117478/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, even the latter species' lip tends to one-half to one-third as thick (to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8FF6E0E736FFA5FDB45888F4ABFC10" box="[639,737,934,959]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
), its parietal callus is thinner and transparent, prominently denticulate, and its shell less gibbous with stronger and more numerous growth striae.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E736FFA5FD4958C4F52AFBAC" author="Crampton, H. E." box="[642,864,1002,1027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref4329" refString="Crampton, H. E. 1925. Studies on the Variation, Distribution, and Evolution of the Genus Partula: The Species of the Mariana Islands, Guam, and Saipan. Carnegie Institution of Washington 228 A." type="journal volume" year="1925">Crampton's (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
plates of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FC1C58C7F277FBAD" box="[983,1085,1000,1026]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FC1C58C7F277FBAD" box="[983,1085,1000,1026]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. gibba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in apertural view occasionally give the appearance of having a peristome approaching the breadth of the new species. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E736FFA5FD285F03F5FCFBE9" author="Crampton, H. E." box="[739,950,1069,1094]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref4329" refString="Crampton, H. E. 1925. Studies on the Variation, Distribution, and Evolution of the Genus Partula: The Species of the Mariana Islands, Guam, and Saipan. Carnegie Institution of Washington 228 A." type="journal volume" year="1925">Crampton (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not mention that any specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FDC15F60F433FBC7" box="[522,633,1102,1128]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FDC15F60F433FBC7" box="[522,633,1102,1128]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. gibba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have an unusually thickened peristome. Instead, Crampton (p. 26) writes that the Marianas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FCA75F41F58FFB26" authorityName="Ferussac" authorityYear="1821" box="[876,965,1135,1161]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FCA75F41F58FFB26" box="[876,965,1135,1161]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Partula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most similar to the thicklipped forms of the Society Islands is Guam's
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FCB25FBCF5B3FB04" authorityName="Crampton" authorityYear="1925" box="[889,1017,1169,1195]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salifana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FCB25FBCF5B3FB04" box="[889,1017,1169,1195]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. salifana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which we show to be, nevertheless, statistically smaller (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F56EBEE736FFA5FD245F9AF507FB62" box="[751,845,1204,1229]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[355,416,372,395]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of shell dimensions of Mariana Island Partula spp. Measurements in millimeters are expressed as a sample mean (and one standard deviation). A hyphen indicates no published data. n = sample size. For P. desolata n. sp., shell height based on n = 3. The two-sample t tests compare P. desolata sp. nov. and the Mariana partulid most similar in size, P. salifana, where ts = Student’s t value for the minimum degrees of freedom df = 18, and p = tail probability of ts." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF080B8DE737FFA4FEA85A5AF503FD8A" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="DF080B8DE737FFA4FEA85A5AF503FD8A">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Finally, the new species is bigger than shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FE315FFBF42AFB40" box="[506,608,1237,1263]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FE315FFBF42AFB40" box="[506,608,1237,1263]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. gibba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also recovered from the excavations (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C4780E736FFA5FBA25FF8F28DFB40" box="[1129,1223,1238,1263]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[336,405,999,1022]" captionTargetBox="[336,1296,353,976]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[336,1296,353,977]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Comparison of Partula desolata sp. nov. to P. gibba and P. thalia, showing disparity in size and development of peristome. Scale bar = 10 mm. P. desolata sp. nov., Rota, Mariana Islands, paratypes: A. UGI 3001, B. UF 449332 and C. UF 449333. D. P. gibba, Rota, UF 449334. E. P. thalia, Raiatea, Society Islands, UF 112145." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12117478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12117478/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
), thus ruling out the possibility that its more robust form is ancestral to the latter species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85B05E736FFAAFE4D5E15F558FE6A" blockId="7.[336,1297,361,1768]" lastBlockId="8.[336,1297,361,1600]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
We also considered the possibility that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FCA45E15F5BDFAFB" authority="Bauman & Kerr, 2013" authorityName="Bauman & Kerr" authorityYear="2013" box="[879,1015,1338,1364]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="desolata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FCA45E15F5BDFAFB" box="[879,1015,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. desolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303A6CE736FFA5FBCF5E15F22FFAFB" box="[1028,1125,1339,1364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was a hypercalcified ecophenotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FD5F5E73F4B6FAD9" box="[660,764,1372,1398]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FD5F5E73F4B6FAD9" box="[660,764,1372,1398]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. gibba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Shell thickening occurs among terrestrial pulmonate snails inhabiting environments with high-calcium soils (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E736FFA5FBBC5E50F341FA38" author="Solem, A." box="[1143,1291,1406,1431]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="455 - 604" refId="ref5175" refString="Solem, A. 1988. Non-camaenid land snails of the Kimberley and Northern Territory, Australia. I. Systematics, Affinities and Ranges. Invertebrate Taxonomy 4: 455 - 604." type="journal article" year="1988">Solem 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 522) or pathologically
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FD5F5E8EF4F2FA16" box="[660,696,1440,1465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">via</emphasis>
|
||
infection with digenean trematodes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E736FFA5FB455EB4F7C5FA74" author="Zbikowska, E." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="76 - 79" refId="ref5296" refString="Zbikowska, E. 2003. The effect of digenea larvae on calcium content in the shells of Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) individuals. Journal of Parasitology 89: 76 - 79." type="journal article" year="2003">Żbikowska 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but never to the degree required here of any Marianas partulid to emulate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FE9B5ECAF79EFA52" authority="Bauman & Kerr, 2013" authorityName="Bauman & Kerr" authorityYear="2013" box="[336,468,1507,1533]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="desolata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FE9B5ECAF79EFA52" box="[336,468,1507,1533]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. desolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303A6CE736FFA5FE165ECAF470FA52" box="[477,570,1508,1533]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
We and others (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E736FFA5FCCF5ECAF588FA52" author="Crampton, H. E." box="[772,962,1508,1533]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref4329" refString="Crampton, H. E. 1925. Studies on the Variation, Distribution, and Evolution of the Genus Partula: The Species of the Mariana Islands, Guam, and Saipan. Carnegie Institution of Washington 228 A." type="journal volume" year="1925">Crampton 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E736FFA5FC045ECAF22EFA52" author="Kondo, Y." box="[975,1124,1508,1533]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="73 - 90" refId="ref4638" refString="Kondo, Y. 1970. Some aspects of Mariana Islands Partulidae (Mollusca, Pulmonata). Occasional Papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum 24: 73 - 90." type="journal article" year="1970">Kondo 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; D.R. Hopper, pers. comm.; J.A. Starmer, pers. comm.) have collectively examined many thousands of living and subfossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FCC85D09F525F9EF" box="[771,879,1574,1600]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FCC85D09F525F9EF" box="[771,879,1574,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. gibba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but specimens approaching this morphology have not been observed to our knowledge. As well,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FB945D67F2AFF9CD" authority="Bauman & Kerr, 2013" authorityName="Bauman & Kerr" authorityYear="2013" box="[1119,1253,1608,1634]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="desolata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FB945D67F2AFF9CD" box="[1119,1253,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. desolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303A6CE736FFA5FB245D67F7C9F92C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
with its well-developed lip is known from multiple specimens only recovered from sediments of similar age at widely separated sites on one island,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B395E7E736FFA5FE9B5D80F7C0F968" box="[336,394,1710,1735]" country="Northern Mariana Islands" name="Rota" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Rota</collectingRegion>
|
||
, consistent with a wide intra- and singular-island distribution typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E736FFA5FE9B5DE0F7ABF947" box="[336,481,1742,1768]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E736FFA5FE9B5DE0F7E3F947" box="[336,425,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Partula</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E736FFA5FE3A5DE1F4E7F947" author="Crampton, H. E." box="[497,685,1743,1768]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref4295" refString="Crampton, H. E. 1916. Studies on the Variation, Distribution, and Evolution of the Genus Partula. The Species Inhabiting Tahiti. Carnegie Institution of Washington, 288." type="journal volume" year="1916">Crampton 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E736FFA5FD715DE1F4BDF947" author="Crampton, H. E." box="[698,759,1743,1768]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref4329" refString="Crampton, H. E. 1925. Studies on the Variation, Distribution, and Evolution of the Genus Partula: The Species of the Mariana Islands, Guam, and Saipan. Carnegie Institution of Washington 228 A." type="journal volume" year="1925">1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E736FFA5FCC85DE1F508F947" author="Crampton, H. E." box="[771,834,1743,1768]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref4370" refString="Crampton, H. E. 1932. Studies on the Variation, Distribution, and Evolution of the Genus Partula. The Species Inhabiting Moorea. Carnegie Institution of Washington 410." type="journal volume" year="1932">1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Finally, the thickened, more reflexed lip covaries with other distinctive shell characters, such as a more circular peristomal margin, larger shell size, flatter whorls, more ovate outline, less gibbous body whorl, and thicker shell.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85B05E739FFAAFE4D5AE0F536FCF5" blockId="8.[336,1297,361,1600]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
While
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E739FFAAFE145AE0F427FE48" authority="Bauman & Kerr, 2013" authorityName="Bauman & Kerr" authorityYear="2013" box="[479,621,461,487]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="desolata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E739FFAAFE145AE0F427FE48" box="[479,621,461,487]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. desolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303A6CE739FFAAFDB45AE0F4ACFE48" box="[639,742,462,487]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has likely been extinct for upwards of a millennium, tentative remarks on its biology are possible. All members of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E739FFAAFE6C593FF46BFD85" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1900" box="[423,545,529,554]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Partulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as far as is known, are long-lived, fungivorous, simultaneous hermaphrodites, bearing a few live young from lightly calcified egg capsules retained inside a brood chamber (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E739FFAAFD16597BF53CFDC1" author="Barker, G. M." box="[733,886,597,622]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref4187" refString="Barker, G. M. 2001. The Biology of Terrestrial Molluscs. CAB International, New York." type="book" year="2001">Barker 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hence,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E739FFAAFC25597BF238FDC1" authority="Bauman & Kerr, 2013" authorityName="Bauman & Kerr" authorityYear="2013" box="[1006,1138,596,622]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="desolata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E739FFAAFC25597BF238FDC1" box="[1006,1138,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. desolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303A6CE739FFAAFBB0597BF292FDC1" box="[1147,1240,597,622]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
also likely displayed these traits. Indeed, a large protoconch implicates ovoviviparous reproduction in snails (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E739FFAAFDAA59B6F4BDFD1E" author="Barker, G. M." box="[609,759,664,689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref4187" refString="Barker, G. M. 2001. The Biology of Terrestrial Molluscs. CAB International, New York." type="book" year="2001">Barker 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the holotype's protoconch appears to be at least as broad as those from modern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E739FFAAFCE35994F5C7FD7C" box="[808,909,697,723]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E739FFAAFCE35994F570FD7C" box="[808,826,698,723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E739FFAAFC815997F5C7FD7C" box="[842,909,697,723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">gibba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B395E7E739FFAAFC135994F245FD7C" box="[984,1039,698,723]" country="Northern Mariana Islands" name="Rota" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rota</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B395E7E739FFAAFB875994F2D5FD7C" box="[1100,1183,698,723]" country="Northern Mariana Islands" name="Saipan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Saipan</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Finally, all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E739FFAAFEB359F4F79BFD5B" authorityName="Ferussac" authorityYear="1821" box="[376,465,730,756]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E739FFAAFEB359F4F79BFD5B" box="[376,465,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Partula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whether arboreal or strictly terrestrial, inhabit the leafy, humid and shaded understorey of native forest. However, the size, shape and robustness of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E739FFAAFE4B5830F793FC97" authorityName="Ferussac" authorityYear="1821" box="[384,473,798,824]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E739FFAAFE4B5830F793FC97" box="[384,473,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Partula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
's shell is, as far as is known, not unambiguously linked to a treeversus ground-dwelling lifestyle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E739FFAAFD10586FF53AFCF5" author="Cowie, R. H." box="[731,880,833,858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="167 - 191" refId="ref4261" refString="Cowie, R. H. 1992. Evolution and extinction of Partulidae, endemic Pacific island land snails. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 335: 167 - 191." type="journal article" year="1992">Cowie 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85B05E739FFAAFE4D584CF42CFA9D" blockId="8.[336,1297,361,1600]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Damage to two of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CCE5A7E739FFAAFD78584CF569FCD4" box="[691,803,866,891]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of the new species (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C4780E739FFAAFBB6584CF348FCD4" box="[1149,1282,866,891]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[336,405,999,1022]" captionTargetBox="[336,1296,353,976]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[336,1296,353,977]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Comparison of Partula desolata sp. nov. to P. gibba and P. thalia, showing disparity in size and development of peristome. Scale bar = 10 mm. P. desolata sp. nov., Rota, Mariana Islands, paratypes: A. UGI 3001, B. UF 449332 and C. UF 449333. D. P. gibba, Rota, UF 449334. E. P. thalia, Raiatea, Society Islands, UF 112145." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12117478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12117478/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3B–C</figureCitation>
|
||
), appears consistent with that of predation by rats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E739FFAAFC6A58AAF2DFFC32" author="Hadfield, M. G. & S. E. Miller & A. H. Carwile" box="[929,1173,900,925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="610 - 622" refId="ref4403" refString="Hadfield, M. G., S. E. Miller & A. H. Carwile. 1993. The decimation of endemic Hawai'ian tree snails by alien predators. American Zoologist 33: 610 - 622." type="journal article" year="1993">Hadfield et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E739FFAAFB6858AAF7AAFC10" author="Meyer, W. M. & A. B. Shiels" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="339 - 347" refId="ref4858" refString="Meyer, W. M. & A. B. Shiels. 2009. Black rat (Rattus rattus) predation on nonindigenous snails in Hawai'i: Complex management implications. Pacific Science 63: 339 - 347." type="journal article" year="2009">Meyer & Shiels 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), or more speculatively, the large native terrestrial crabs,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E739FFAAFB5D588BF7CAFC4E" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Coenobita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E739FFAAFB5D588BF35AFC10" box="[1174,1296,933,959]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Coenobita</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E739FFAAFE0958E9F541FC4E" authority="(Linne, 1767)" baseAuthorityName="Linne" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[450,779,967,993]" class="Malacostraca" family="Coenobitidae" genus="Birgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latro">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E739FFAAFE0958E9F41FFC4E" box="[450,597,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Birgus latro</emphasis>
|
||
(Linné, 1767)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Rat damage to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E739FFAAFC2E58E9F2C4FC4E" box="[997,1166,967,993]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E739FFAAFC2E58E9F2C4FC4E" box="[997,1166,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Partula gibba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is seen in shells recently collected from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B395E7E739FFAAFD0B58C4F4BDFBAC" box="[704,759,1002,1027]" country="Northern Mariana Islands" name="Rota" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rota</collectingRegion>
|
||
(A. Gawel, pers. comm.). The radiocarbon date (<1000 yr BP) of charcoal associated with the shells (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E739FFAAFBE95F25F2AAFB8B" author="Steadman, D. W." box="[1058,1248,1035,1060]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="319 - 345" refId="ref5209" refString="Steadman, D. W. 1999. The prehistory of vertebrates, especially birds, on Tinian Aguiguan, and Rota, Northern Mariana Islands. Micronesica 31: 319 - 345." type="journal article" year="1999">Steadman 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as well as the abundance of fish bones (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E739FFAAFCCE5F03F5D0FBE9" author="Pregill, G. K." box="[773,922,1069,1094]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="64 - 75" refId="ref4929" refString="Pregill, G. K. 1998. Squamate reptiles from prehistoric sites in the Mariana Islands, Micronesia. Copeia 1998: 64 - 75." type="journal article" year="1998">Pregill 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and at one site (Alaguan Rock Shelter), human burials, indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E739FFAAFCC05F60F5C5FBC7" authority="Bauman & Kerr, 2013" authorityName="Bauman & Kerr" authorityYear="2013" box="[779,911,1102,1128]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="desolata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E739FFAAFCC05F60F5C5FBC7" box="[779,911,1102,1128]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. desolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303A6CE739FFAAFC5C5F61F5B9FBC7" box="[919,1011,1103,1128]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was extant until at least late prehistoric human occupation of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B395E7E739FFAAFCE75F5FF52DFB25" box="[812,871,1137,1162]" country="Northern Mariana Islands" name="Rota" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rota</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Initial human settlement of the Marianas occurred ca. 4000 BP (Athens & Ward 2004). Unlike the many bird bones recovered from the same stratum at Payapai Cave (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E739FFAAFBC85F9AF28AFB62" author="Steadman, D. W." box="[1027,1216,1204,1229]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="319 - 345" refId="ref5209" refString="Steadman, D. W. 1999. The prehistory of vertebrates, especially birds, on Tinian Aguiguan, and Rota, Northern Mariana Islands. Micronesica 31: 319 - 345." type="journal article" year="1999">Steadman 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), none of the shells show evidence of charring or other modification by extreme heat that would unambiguously implicate the shells' damage as being a consequence of human consumption.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85B05E739FFAAFE4D5E15F7E3F9EF" blockId="8.[336,1297,361,1600]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
In conclusion,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E739FFAAFDF15E14F54BFAFB" authority="Bauman & Kerr, 2013" authorityName="Bauman & Kerr" authorityYear="2013" box="[570,769,1338,1364]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="desolata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E739FFAAFDF15E14F54BFAFB" box="[570,769,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Partula desolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303A6CE739FFAAFCC75E15F521FAFB" box="[780,875,1339,1364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
represents the first member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E739FFAAFE9B5E73F78DFAD9" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1900" box="[336,455,1373,1398]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Partulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
known only from the sub-fossil record. Other identifiable zooarchaeological
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772086E739FFAAFDF85E53F4C6FA38" authorityName="Ferussac" authorityYear="1821" box="[563,652,1405,1431]" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038717E739FFAAFDF85E53F4C6FA38" box="[563,652,1405,1431]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Partula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
material has been assignable to modern taxa (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E739FFAAFE9B5E8EF426FA16" author="Sinoto, Y. H. & P. C. McCoy" box="[336,620,1440,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="143 - 186" refId="ref4956" refString="Sinoto, Y. H. & P. C. McCoy. 1975. Report on the preliminary excavation of an early habitation site on Huahine, Society Islands. Journal de la Societe des Oceanistes 31 (47): 143 - 186." type="journal article" year="1975">Sinoto & McCoy 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E739FFAAFDB75E8EF51AFA16" author="Kirch, P. V. & D. W. Steadman & V. L. Butler & J. Hather & M. I. Weisler" box="[636,848,1440,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref4560" refString="Kirch, P. V., D. W. Steadman, V. L. Butler, J. Hather & M. I. Weisler. 1995. Prehistory and human ecology in Eastern Polynesia: excavations at Tangatatau Rockshelter, Mangaia, Cook Islands. Archaeology of Oceania 30: 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1995">Kirch et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE626F4E739FFAAFCAB5E8EF255FA16" author="Lee, T. & J. B. Burch & T. Coote & B. Fontaine & O. Gargominy & P. Pearce-Kelly" box="[864,1055,1440,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="2907 - 2914" refId="ref4698" refString="Lee, T., J. B. Burch, T. Coote, B. Fontaine, O. Gargominy, P. Pearce-Kelly, & D. O´Foighil. 2007. Prehistoric inter-archipelago trading of Polynesian tree snails leaves a conservation legacy. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 274, 2907 - 2914." type="journal article" year="2007">Lee et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hence, it will be interesting to learn whether further investigations of prehistoric deposits turn up more extinct species of land snails, just as such work has many extinct vertebrates whose demise has been linked with early human occupation of the islands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |