450 lines
59 KiB
XML
450 lines
59 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B98743A3174F4CA025CEAE874DC08E60">Evidence for the recognition of two species of Anolis formerly referred to as A. tropidogaster (Squamata: Dactyloidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="07339A553C7EAAC262FF18C7C0E46C0A">Vesely, Milan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E72E7444081C42E1663055B915997E5D">Lotzkat, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="A919F2B322AB6D5CC5A0B278A0CF5CA4">2012</mods:date>
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<heading id="D0809913147D1F64FF704CFDFE4EFE62" bold="true" box="[151,497,451,478]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FF704CFDFE4EFE62" authority="Ruthven, 1916" authorityName="Ruthven" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,497,451,478]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigei">
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<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FF704CFDFE4EFE62" bold="true" box="[151,497,451,478]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FF704CFDFE8AFE61" bold="true" box="[151,309,452,478]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Anolis gaigei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FEDA4CFAFE4EFE62" author="Ruthven" box="[317,497,451,477]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Ruthven, A. G. (1916) Three new species of Anolis from the Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 32, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1916">Ruthven, 1916</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC82E7F147D1F64FF704CDFFD12FE41" blockId="13.[151,685,451,511]" box="[151,685,486,511]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<figureCitation id="134C32FA147D1F64FF704CDFFF42FE41" box="[151,253,486,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[170,1428,393,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[157,1442,373,1924]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. (a) Type A hemipenis (SMF 91956); (b) Type B hemipenis (SMF 91902). See text for details. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281519/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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b; 3c, d; 4 a, c, e, g; 6 d, e, f; 7 c, d; 11
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FF704F16FE74FDFB" authority="Ruthven 1916:6" authorityName="Ruthven" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,459,558,581]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigei">
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<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FF704F16FEA1FDFA" box="[151,286,559,581]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Anolis gaigei</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD6086E147D1F64FEC24F17FE74FDFB" author="Ruthven" box="[293,459,558,580]" page="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1916">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FEC24F17FE04FDFB" author="Ruthven" box="[293,443,558,580]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Ruthven, A. G. (1916) Three new species of Anolis from the Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 32, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1916">Ruthven 1916</bibRefCitation>
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:6
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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(UMMZ 48304) from “San Lorenzo, Santa
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<collectingCountry id="F3606EEF147D1F64FC134F16FB8FFDFB" box="[1012,1072,559,580]" name="Malta" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Marta</collectingCountry>
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Mountains,
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<collectingCountry id="F3606EEF147D1F64FB554F17FAA6FDFB" box="[1202,1305,558,580]" name="Colombia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, elevation of
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<quantity id="4C8F839A147D1F64FF204F74FEA0FDDC" box="[199,287,589,611]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2296" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="ft" value="2700.0">2, 700 ft</quantity>
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.”
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FED34F74FE68FDDC" author="Ruthven" box="[308,471,589,611]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Ruthven, A. G. (1922) The amphibians and reptiles of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 8, 1 - 69." type="journal article" year="1922">Ruthven (1922)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC82E7F147D1F64FF704F55FCC7FD3D" blockId="13.[151,1436,558,888]" box="[151,888,619,642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FF704F55FD07FD3E" authority="Martinez Cortes & Rodriguez" authorityName="Martinez Cortes & Rodriguez" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,696,619,642]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limifrons">
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<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FF704F55FE86FD3D" box="[151,313,620,642]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Anolis limifrons</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FEA14F52FD07FD3E" author="Martinez" box="[326,696,619,641]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Martinez Cortes, V. & Rodriguez, A. (2005) Datos preliminares sobre los anfibios y reptiles Bahia Honda e Isla Canales de Tierra (Veraguas, Panama). In: Castroviejo, S. & Ibanez, A. (Eds.), Estudios sobre la biodiversidad de la region de Bahia Honda (Veraguas, Panama). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Instituto de Espana, Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Madrid, pp. 571 - 626." type="book chapter" year="2005">
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Martínez
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FE4F4F52FD07FD3E" author="Cortes" box="[424,696,619,641]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Martinez Cortes, V. & Rodriguez, A. (2005) Datos preliminares sobre los anfibios y reptiles Bahia Honda e Isla Canales de Tierra (Veraguas, Panama). In: Castroviejo, S. & Ibanez, A. (Eds.), Estudios sobre la biodiversidad de la region de Bahia Honda (Veraguas, Panama). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Instituto de Espana, Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Madrid, pp. 571 - 626." type="book chapter" year="2005">Cortés & Rodriguez (2005</bibRefCitation>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; in part.: Fig. 22B)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC82E7F147D1F64FF704FB3FB42FD1F" blockId="13.[151,1436,558,888]" box="[151,1277,650,673]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FF704FB3FCB6FD1F" authority="Martinez Cortes and Rodriguez" authorityName="Martinez Cortes and Rodriguez" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,777,650,672]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polylepis">
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<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FF704FB3FE85FD1F" box="[151,314,650,672]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Anolis polylepis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FEA04FB3FD76FD1F" author="Martinez" box="[327,713,650,672]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Martinez Cortes, V. & Rodriguez, A. (2003) Informe final para la herpetofauna en la Reserva Forestal " Montuoso " de la Provincia de Herrera, Republica de Panama. In: Garibaldi, C. (Ed.), Proyecto valoracion economica de la diversidad biologica y beneficios ambientales de los remanentes de bosques en la Reserva Forestal El Montuoso, Provincia de Herrera, Panama. Universidad de Panama, ICAB, Agencia de Cooperacion Internacional del Japon, JICA." type="book" year="2003">Martínez Cortés and Rodriguez (2003</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FD344FB3FCB6FD1F" author="Rodriguez" box="[723,777,650,672]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Martinez Cortes, V. & Rodriguez, A. (2005) Datos preliminares sobre los anfibios y reptiles Bahia Honda e Isla Canales de Tierra (Veraguas, Panama). In: Castroviejo, S. & Ibanez, A. (Eds.), Estudios sobre la biodiversidad de la region de Bahia Honda (Veraguas, Panama). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Instituto de Espana, Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Madrid, pp. 571 - 626." type="book chapter" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FCFC4FB3FBB6FD1E" box="[795,1033,650,673]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Rodriguez, A., Martinez Cortes, V. & Garibaldi, C. (2004) Inventario de los reptiles en los bosques secundarios en la Reserva Forestal El Montuoso. In: Garibaldi, C. (Ed.), Diversidad biologica y servicios ambientales de los fragmentos de bosque en la Reserva Forestal El Montuoso, Panama. Universidad de Panama, ICAB, Agencia de Cooperacion Internacional del Japon, JICA, pp. 119 - 137." type="book chapter">
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Rodríguez
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<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FC6C4FB2FC01FD1F" box="[907,958,650,672]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
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(2004)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FBF34FB3FB46FD1F" author="Ibanez" box="[1044,1273,650,672]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Ibanez, A (2006) Golfo de Chiriqui - Ecosistemas y conservacion de la zona insular y costera. The Nature Conservancy. x + 98 pp." type="book" year="2006">Ibáñez (2006; in part.)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC82E7F147D1F64FF704F90FD76FC85" blockId="13.[151,1436,558,888]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FF704F90FDA3FD00" authority="Swanson (1945)" authorityName="Swanson" authorityYear="1945" box="[151,540,681,703]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropidogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FF704F90FED8FD00" box="[151,359,681,703]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Anolis tropidogaster</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FE934F93FDA3FD00" author="Swanson" box="[372,540,681,703]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Swanson, P. L. (1945) Herpetological notes from Panama. Copeia, 1945, 210 - 216." type="journal article" year="1945">Swanson (1945)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FDC14F93FD0FFD7F" author="Evans" box="[550,688,682,704]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Evans, H. E. (1947) Notes on Panamanian reptiles and amphibians. Copeia, 1947, 166 - 170." type="journal article" year="1947">Evans (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FD5D4F93FC1EFD00" author="Donoso-Barros" box="[698,929,681,703]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Donoso-Barros, R. (1968) The lizards of Venezuela (checklist and key). Caribbean Journal of Science, 8, 105 - 122." type="journal article" year="1968">Donoso-Barros (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FC4C4F93FB20FD00" author="Myers" box="[939,1183,681,703]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Myers, C. W. & Rand, A. S. (1969) Checklist of amphibians and reptiles of Barro Colorado Island, Panama, with comments on faunal change and sampling. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 10, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1969">Myers and Rand (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FB4E4F93FE32FD61" author="Peters" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Peters, J. A., & Donoso-Barros, R. (1970) Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata. Part II. Lizards and Amphisbaenians. United States National Museum Bulletin, 297, 1 - 293." type="journal article" year="1970">Peters and Donoso-Barros (1970; in part.)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FE7E4FF1FDF5FD61" author="Campbell" box="[409,586,712,734]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Campbell, H. W. (1971) Observations on the thermal activity of some tropical lizards of the genus Anolis (Iguanidae). Caribbean Journal of Science, 11, 17 - 20." type="journal article" year="1971">Campbell (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FDB14FF1FCA1FD61" author="Sexton" box="[598,798,712,734]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Sexton, O. J., Heatwole, H. & Knight, D. (1964) Correlation of microdistribution of some Panamanian reptiles and amphibians with structural organization of the habitat. Caribbean Journal of Science, 4, 261 - 295." type="journal article" year="1964">
|
||
Sexton
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FD434FF0FD65FD61" box="[676,730,712,734]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(1964
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FCCC4FF1FCDFFD61" author="Sexton" box="[811,864,712,734]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Sexton, O. J., Ortleb, E. P., Hathaway, L. M., Ballinger, R. E. & Licht, P. (1971) Reproductive cycles of three species of anoline lizards from the isthmus of Panama. Ecology, 52, 201 - 215." type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FC934FF1FBB3FD61" author="Kiester" box="[884,1036,712,734]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Kiester R. A. (1979) Conspecifics as cues: a mechanism for habitat selection in the Panamanian grass anole (Anolis auratus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 5, 323 - 330." type="journal article" year="1979">Kiester (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FBFF4FF0FA92FD61" author="Kourany" box="[1048,1325,712,734]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Kourany, M. & Telford, S. R. (1981) Lizards in the ecology of salmonellosis in Panama. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 41, 1248 - 1253." type="journal article" year="1981">Kourany & Telford (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FADE4FF1FEEBFD42" author="Rand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Rand, A. S. & Myers, C. W. (1990) The herpetofauna of Barro Colorado Island, Panama: an ecological summary. In: Gentry, A. H. (Ed.), Four neotropical rainforests. Yale University Press, New Haven, pp. 386 - 409." type="book chapter" year="1990">Rand and Myers (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FEB84FDFFD37FD42" author="Quintero" box="[351,648,742,765]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Quintero A. D. & Cambra T., R. A. (1993) Anolis tropidogaster (NCN). Behavior. Herpetological Review, 24, 104 - 105." type="journal article" year="1993">Quintero and Cambra (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FD744FDFFCD7FD43" author="Auth" box="[659,872,742,764]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Auth, D. L. (1994) Checklist and bibliography of the amphibians and reptiles of Panama. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, 98, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1994">Auth (1994; in part.)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FC944FDFFBF1FD43" author="Williams" box="[883,1102,742,765]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Williams, E. E., Rand, H., Rand, A. S. & O'Hara, R. J. (1995) A computer approach to the comparison and identification of species in difficult taxonomic groups. Breviora, 502, 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FC314FD1FBB5FD42" box="[982,1034,743,765]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; in part.),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FB504FDFFAF1FD43" author="Telford" box="[1207,1358,742,764]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Telford, S. R. Jr. (1996) A review of the trypanosomes from lizards of the family Iguanidae (sensu lato), including the descriptions of five new species, and an evaluation of the effect of host difference upon taxonomic characters of saurian trypanosomes. Systematic Parasitology, 34, 215 - 237." type="journal article" year="1996">Telford (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Ibáñez
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FF204E3FFF44FCA4" box="[199,251,773,795]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1996), Ibáñez
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FE7A4E3FFE6EFCA4" box="[413,465,773,795]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1997 "1995"),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FD904E3FFC87FCA5" author="Young" box="[631,824,773,795]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Young, B. E., Sedaghatkish, G., Roca, E. & Fuenmayor, Q. D. (1999) El estatus de la conservacion de la herpetofauna de Panama. Resumen del primer taller internacional sobre la herpetofauna de Panama. The Nature Conservancy y Asociacion Nacional para la Conservacion de la Naturaleza (ANCON), Arlington, Virginia, 40 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
Young
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FD274E3FFD4BFCA4" box="[704,756,773,795]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; in part.), Ibáñez
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FC0A4E3FFB9EFCA4" box="[1005,1057,773,795]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2001; in part.),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FB284E3FFA27FCA4" author="Poe" box="[1231,1432,773,795]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Poe, S. (2004) Phylogeny of anoles. Herpetological Monographs, 18, 37 - 89." type="journal article" year="2004">Poe (2004, in part.)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FF204E1AFE3EFC85" box="[199,385,803,826]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Pinto, G., Mahler, D. L., Harmon, L. J. & Losos, J. B. (2008) Testing the island effect in adaptive radiation: rates and patterns of morphological diversification in Caribbean and mainland Anolis lizards. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 275, 2749 - 2757." type="journal article">
|
||
Pinto
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FEE44E1CFE89FC85" box="[259,310,804,826]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FE6B4E1AFDD8FC86" author="Jaramillo" box="[396,615,803,826]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Jaramillo A., C. A., Wilson, L. D., Ibanez D., R. & Jaramillo, F. E. (2010) The herpetofauna of Panama: distribution and conservation status. In: Wilson, L. D.; Townsend, J. H.; Johnson, J. D.; Murphy, J. B. (Eds.), Conservation of Mesoamerican amphibians and reptiles. Eagle Mountain Press, Eagle Mountain, Utah, pp. 604 - 671." type="book chapter" year="2010">
|
||
Jaramillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FE174E1CFD9CFC85" box="[496,547,804,826]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; in part.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC82E7F147D1F64FF704E7AFD1DFCC7" blockId="13.[151,1436,558,888]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FF704E7AFD86FCE6" authority="Villa et al. (1988)" authorityName="Villa et al." authorityYear="1988" box="[151,569,834,857]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropidogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FF704E7AFECEFCE7" box="[151,369,834,856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Norops tropidogaster</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FE984E7BFD86FCE6" box="[383,569,834,857]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Villa, J., Wilson, L. D. & Johnson J. D. (1988) Middle American Herpetology. University of Missouri Press, Columbia" type="book">
|
||
Villa
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FE5F4E7AFE53FCE7" box="[440,492,834,856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1988)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FDA24E7BFC8FFCE7" author="Kohler" box="[581,816,834,856]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Kohler, G. (2000) Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkroten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp." type="book" year="2000">Köhler (2000; in part.)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FCDC4E7BFC4FFCE6" author="Nicholson" box="[827,1008,834,857]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Nicholson, K. E. (2002) Phylogenetic analysis and a test of the current infrageneric classification of Norops (beta Anolis). Herpetological Monographs, 16, 93 - 120." type="journal article" year="2002">Nicholson (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FC1B4E7BFB58FCE7" author="Kohler" box="[1020,1255,834,856]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Kohler, G. (2003) Reptiles of Central America. 1 st Edition. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, Germany, 367 pp." type="book" year="2003">Köhler (2003; in part.)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FB154E7BFEB3FCC8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Nicholson, K. E., Glor, R. E., Kolbe, J. J., Larson, A., Blair Hedges, S. & Losos, J. B. (2005) Mainland colonization by island lizards. Journal of Biogeography, 32, 1 - 10." type="journal article">
|
||
Nicholson
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FA854E7AFA23FCE7" box="[1378,1436,834,856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et. al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FEF04E58FE40FCC8" author="Kohler" box="[279,511,865,887]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Kohler, G. (2008) Reptiles of Central America. 2 nd Edition. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, Germany, 400 pp." type="book" year="2008">Köhler (2008; in part.)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FDEE4E58FD21FCC7" author="Steffen" box="[521,670,865,888]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Steffen, J. E. (2009) An assessment of allometry for sexual size dimorphism in mainland anoles. South American Journal of Herpetology, 4, 245 - 252." type="journal article" year="2009">Steffen (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D7DF4147D1F64FF704EA7FE58FA35" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC82E7F147D1F64FF704EA7FE58FA35" blockId="13.[151,1436,926,2030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FF704EA7FEAEFC08" bold="true" box="[151,273,926,951]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A medium-sized species (SVL in largest specimen examined
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F839A147D1F64FC2A4EA7FB8CFC09" box="[973,1075,926,950]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="52.5">52.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FB334EA7FF67FC65" authority="Poe 2004" authorityName="Poe" authorityYear="2004" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FB334EA7FAA4FC09" box="[1236,1307,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Anolis</emphasis>
|
||
(sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FA954EA6FF6EFC65" author="Poe" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Poe, S. (2004) Phylogeny of anoles. Herpetological Monographs, 18, 37 - 89." type="journal article" year="2004">Poe 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that differs from all other Lower Central American beta anoles (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FBF14EFBFB7AFC65" author="Etheridge" box="[1046,1221,962,986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Etheridge, R. (1967) Lizard caudal vertebrae. Copeia, 1967, 699 - 721." type="journal article" year="1967">Etheridge 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in that it is longlegged (longest toe of adpressed hind leg reaches to at least center of eye, usually to a point between anterior border of eye and nostril), has strongly keeled mucronate imbricate ventral scales, a large almost orange red (in life) colored dewlap with a yellowish margin in males, a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales in males, a small unilobed hemipenis in males, and no tube-like axillary pocket. Anole species from Lower Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3606EEF147D1F64FB3A496BFA81FBD5" box="[1245,1342,1106,1130]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
that are somewhat similar in appearance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FDC9494FFD29FB31" box="[558,662,1142,1166]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FDC9494FFD29FB31" box="[558,662,1142,1166]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. gaigei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FD2C494FFBA0FB31" box="[715,1055,1142,1166]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FD2C494FFC3CFB31" box="[715,899,1142,1166]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropidogaster">A. tropidogaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FC76494FFBA4FB31" box="[913,1051,1142,1166]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polylepis">A. polylepis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FBBD494FFB6CFB30" box="[1114,1235,1142,1167]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cupreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FBBD494FFB6CFB30" box="[1114,1235,1142,1167]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. cupreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FA63494FFE90FB0C" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropidogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FA63494FFE90FB0C" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. tropidogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a mostly uniform purplish red dewlap, a bilobed hemipenis, and lack a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales. For a more detailed comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FD1C4987FCDEFB69" box="[763,865,1214,1238]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FD1C4987FCDEFB69" box="[763,865,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. gaigei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FC7E4987FBF0FB69" box="[921,1103,1214,1238]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropidogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FC7E4987FBF0FB69" box="[921,1103,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. tropidogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
see the Diagnosis section for the latter species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FE8549DAFDA9FB44" box="[354,534,1251,1275]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polylepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FE8549DAFDA9FB44" box="[354,534,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Anolis polylepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FDA949DAFD2AFB44" box="[590,661,1251,1275]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FDA949DAFD2AFB44" box="[590,661,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. osa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have smooth ventral scales at midbody and a larger, mostly uniform orange male dewlap (in some parts of its range in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3606EEF147D1F64FD2E483FFCF9FAA1" box="[713,838,1286,1310]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, considerable variation was observed in male dewlap coloration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FECA4812FE0EFAFC" box="[301,433,1323,1347]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polylepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FECA4812FE0EFAFC" box="[301,433,1323,1347]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. polylepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E147D1F64FE0D4813FD04FAFD" author="Kohler" box="[490,699,1322,1347]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Kohler, G., Dehling, M. & Kohler, J. (2010) Cryptic species and hybridization in the Anolis polylepis complex, with the description of a new species from the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica (Squamata: Polychrotidae). Zootaxa, 2718, 23 - 38." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Köhler
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FDD84815FDC8FAFC" box="[575,631,1323,1347]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also, male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FCAA4812FC6EFAFC" box="[845,977,1323,1347]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polylepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FCAA4812FC6EFAFC" box="[845,977,1323,1347]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. polylepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a bilobate hemipenis. The males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FF704877FE82FAD8" box="[151,317,1358,1383]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cupreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FF704877FE82FAD8" box="[151,317,1358,1383]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Anolis cupreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales, have a brown to pink dewlap with an orange margin, and a bilobate hemipenis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D7DF4147D1F78FF2E48AFFB60F9C6" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC82E7F147D1F67FF2E48AFFDECFC53" blockId="13.[151,1436,926,2030]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,1940]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FF2E48AFFEE4FA10" bold="true" box="[201,347,1430,1455]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147D1F64FE8548AFFE48FA11" box="[354,503,1430,1454]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147D1F64FE8548AFFE48FA11" box="[354,503,1430,1454]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Anolis gaigei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a medium-sized anole (maximum recorded SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F839A147D1F64FBA648AFFB1AFA11" box="[1089,1189,1430,1454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="52.5">52.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males, 52.0 mm in females); dorsal head scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C32FA147D1F64FE074883FD90FA6D" box="[480,559,1466,1490]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1953,1976]" captionText="FIGURE 11. Head scalation in Anolis gaigei (SMF 91921). Scale bars = 1.0 mm." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) in internasal region keeled, in prefrontal, parietal, and frontal areas rugose to tuberculate; scales in distinct prefrontal depression slightly wrinkled, parietal depression absent; 5–7 (6.06 ± 0.54) postrostrals; anterior nasal usually single, occasionally divided, usually in contact with rostral and first supralabial (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C32FA147D1F64FF784B1FFF5AF981" box="[159,229,1574,1598]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="10.[151,250,748,771]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,203,721]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,727]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 9. Designation of nasal scalation types. (a) Nasal type 1 (MHCH 1636); (b) Nasal type 2 (SMF 91901). Scale bars = 1.0 mm. See Text for details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281526/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F51BC4147D1F64FF154B1FFE85F981" box="[242,314,1574,1598]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[151,235,152,173]" captionText="TABLE 2. Frequency distribution of nasal region and dorsal pattern types in Anolis gaigei and A. tropidogaster. Anolis gaigei A. tropidogaster 35 9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
|
||
); 5–9 (7.03 ± 1.01) internasals; canthal ridge sharply defined; scales comprising supraorbital semicircles weakly keeled, largest scale in semicircles about same size as largest supraocular scale; supraorbital semicircles well defined; 1–4 (2.10 ± 0.62) scales separating supraorbital semicircles at narrowest point; 2–5 (3.03 ± 0.65) scales separating supraorbital semicircles and interparietal at narrowest point; interparietal well defined, greatly enlarged relative to adjacent scales, surrounded by scales of moderate size, longer than wide, usually larger than ear opening; supraorbital disc composed of 6–12 distinctly enlarged keeled scales; enlarged supraoculars not in contact with supraorbital semicircles; usually a single elongated superciliary, or, if 2 elongate superciliaries, posterior one much shorter than anterior one; 2–3 enlarged canthals; 8–14 (10.93 ± 1.14) scales between second canthals; 10–16 (13.10 ± 1.32) scales present between posterior canthals; loreal region slightly concave, 22–59 (40.25 ± 5.79) mostly keeled (some smooth or rugose) loreal scales in a maximum of 5–8 (6.31 ± 0.60) horizontal rows; 6–9 (7.31 ± 0.65) supralabials to level below center of eye; suboculars keeled, suboculars separated from supralabials by 0–1 (0.69 ± 0.47) scale row; ear opening vertically oval; scales anterior to ear opening granular, similar in size to those posterior to ear opening; 5–9 (6.35 ± 0.80) postmentals, outer pair largest; keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; male dewlap extending well onto chest, anterior insertion at level of center of eye, posterior insertion about 3.0 mm beyond level of axilla; 8–9 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 11–15 scales per row, rows somewhat irregular; female dewlap small or absent; no nuchal crest or dorsal ridge; 2 middorsal scale rows slightly enlarged, weakly keeled, dorsal scales lateral to middorsal series gradually larger than granular lateral scales; no enlarged scales scattered among granular laterals; 53–75 (62.7 ± 5.57) dorsal scales along vertebral midline between levels of axilla and groin in males, 55–83 (62.7 ± 6.45) in females; 31–56 (38.5 ± 5.35) dorsal scales along vertebral midline contained in one head length in males, 28–52 (37.1 ± 7.10) in females; ventral scales on midsection about the same size as largest dorsal scales; ventral body scales strongly keeled, imbricate; 43–58 (50.0 ± 3.94) ventral scales along midventral line between levels of axilla and groin in males, 40–54 (47.6 ± 3.79) in females; 29–48 (35.0 ± 4.31) ventral scales contained in one head length in males, 25–38 (30.5 ± 4.44) in females; 94–138 (119.0 ± 9.68) scales around midbody in males, 101–128 (116.1 ± 7.5) in females; tubelike axillary pocket absent; preanal scales not keeled; males with a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales; tail laterally compressed in cross section, tail height/tail width 1.05–1.47 (1.20 ± 0.09); basal subcaudal scales smooth; lateral caudal scales keeled, homogeneous; dorsal medial caudal scale row slightly enlarged, keeled, not forming a crest; most scales on lateral surface of antebrachium weakly keeled, unicarinate; 20–28 (25.45 ± 1.65) subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II–IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; SVL 36.0–52.5 (45.6 ± 3.40) mm in males, 37.0–52.0 (44.7 ± 4.75) mm in females; HL 10.5–13.2 (12.1 ± 0.65) mm in males, 10.6–12.1 (11.5 ± 0.48) mm in females; tail length 59.0–115.0 (95.0 ± 11.63) mm in males, 82.0–100.7 (92.3 ± 8.33) mm in females; shank length 11.2–15.6 (13.6 ± 0.85) mm in males, 10.5–14.0 (12.4 ± 0.82) mm in females; tail length/SVL 1.37–2.34 (2.09 ± 0.21) in males, 1.75–2.27 (2.10 ± 0.13) in females; HL/SVL 0.26–0.30 (0.27 ± 0.01) in males, 0.24–0.29 (0.26 ± 0.02) in females; shank length/SVL 0.28–0.32 (0.30 ± 0.01) in males, 0.23–0.33 (0.29 ± 0.02) in females; shank length/HL 1.04–1.24 (1.12 ± 1.04) in males, 0.94–1.18 (1.08 ± 0.05) in females. Of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D71E5F6147E1F67FD4A4EB5FCF8FC1B" box="[685,839,908,932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
examined, the longest toe of the adpressed hind leg reached to mid-eye in 2 individuals (10%), to anterior margin of eye in 4 individuals (20%), and to a point between eye and nostril in 14 individuals (70%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC82E7F147E1F67FF204ECEFB3AF82B" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Coloration in life of an adult male (SMF 91918) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Sayal Brown (223C) with a Beige (219D) vertebral band, edged by Raw Umber (223) pigment; Raw Umber (223) line continuing anteriorly through eye to tip of snout; dorsum of head Clay Color (26) with a medially interrupted Dark Brownish Olive (129) interorbital bar and a Sepia (219) nuchal spot, followed posteriorly by a Beige (219D) longitudinal line; forelegs Sayal Brown (223C); hind legs Cinnamon-Brown (33) with Raw Umber (23) crossbars; dorsal surface of tail Raw Umber (23) grading into Buff (24) distally and with indistinct Cinnamon-Rufous (40) bands; ventral surfaces of head, body, and limbs Pale Horn Color (92); ventral surface of tail suffused with Orange-Rufous (132C); dewlap Chrome Orange (16), grading into Orange Yellow (18) on anterior and distal margins; gorgetals dirty white; iris Kingfisher Rufous (240). Coloration in life of another adult male (SMF 91529) was recorded as follows: Dorsal and lateral surfaces of body and forelimbs Tawny Olive (223D); two broad
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3606EEF147E1F67FB564805FB51FAEB" box="[1201,1262,1340,1364]" name="South Africa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Natal</collectingCountry>
|
||
Brown (219A) longitudinal stripes extending from eye paravertebrally to base of tail, suffused with Walnut Brown (221B); a series of Sepia (119) blotches between occipital region and base of tail; dorsal surface of head Raw Umber (123), laterally grading into Tawny Olive (223D); ventral ground color Pale Horn Color (92), suffused with Orange-Rufous (132C) beneath tail; dorsal and lateral surfaces of tail and hind limbs Sayal Brown (223C) with the suggestion of diffuse Orange-Rufous (132C) crossbars; iris Robin Rufous (340); dewlap Burnt Orange (116), especially anterior portions suffused with Grayish Olive (43); anterior base of dewlap Warm Buff (118), posterior base Pale Horn Color (92); dewlap scales dirty white. Coloration in life of an adult female (SMF 91917) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Tawny Olive (223D) with a Clay Color (123B) vertebral stripe, edged by Verona Brown (223B) pigment; dorsum of head Cinnamon Brown (33); forelegs Tawny Olive (223D); hind legs True Cinnamon (139) with Orange-Rufous (132C) spots and crossbars; dorsal surface of tail Tawny Olive (223D) with faint Orange Rufous (132C) crossbars; chin dirty white; venter Pale Pinkish Buff (121D); ventral surface of tail suffused with Orange- Rufous (132C); gular region Spectrum Orange (17) grading into Orange Yellow (18) on anterior margin; gorgetals Pale Pinkish Buff (121D); iris Robin Rufous (340). The coloration of an adult male from the Canal Zone (SMF 85304) was recorded as follows: Middorsum Army Brown (219B) bordered by a Burnt Umber (22) dorsolateral stripe; flanks Dark Drab (119B) with Drab-Gray (119D) punctuations; venter Drab-Gray (119D) suffused with Dark Drab (119B); dewlap Chrome Orange (16) with Orange Yellow (18) anterior border.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF087EF7147F1F66FF704A98FC6BF808" box="[151,980,1953,1976]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC82E7F147F1F66FF704A98FC6BF808" blockId="15.[151,980,1953,1976]" box="[151,980,1953,1976]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147F1F66FF704A98FEA1F808" bold="true" box="[151,286,1953,1976]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Head scalation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC147F1F66FE3D4A98FDDFF808" box="[474,608,1953,1975]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D147F1F66FE3D4A98FDDFF808" box="[474,608,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Anolis gaigei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SMF 91921). Scale bars = 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF087EF714601F79FF704A87FDB3F84C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281528/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[178,1398,193,1947]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC82E7F14601F79FF704A87FDB3F84C" blockId="16.[151,1436,1982,2035]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D14601F79FF704A87FEA0F86C" bold="true" box="[151,287,1982,2005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC14601F79FE774A87FDA9F86B" box="[400,534,1982,2004]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D14601F79FE774A87FDA9F86B" box="[400,534,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Anolis gaigei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a) near Santo Domingo, Los Santos, Panama, 40 masl; (b) at Finca La Providencia, near Ponuga, Veraguas, Panama, 20 masl.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF087EF714611F78FF704EF3FDFFFB83" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281529/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[161,1425,203,938]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC82E7F14611F78FF704EF3FDFFFB83" blockId="17.[151,1436,970,1084]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D14611F78FF704EF3FE9EFC5F" bold="true" box="[151,289,970,993]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Map indicating collecting sites of selected lowland anoles inhabiting the Pacific versant of Panama and Costa Rica. Each symbol can represent one or more nearby localities. Circles:
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D14611F78FC9A4ED0FBE9FC40" box="[893,1110,1001,1023]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC14611F78FC9A4ED0FBEFFC40" box="[893,1104,1001,1023]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropidogaster">Anolis tropidogaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
squares:
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D14611F78FB5E4ED3FAA1FC40" box="[1209,1310,1002,1023]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC14611F78FB5E4ED3FAA8FC40" box="[1209,1303,1002,1023]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigei">A. gaigei</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
white triangles: localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC14611F78FEAA4931FE4DFBA2" box="[333,498,1031,1053]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropidogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D14611F78FEAA4931FE4DFBA2" box="[333,498,1031,1053]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. tropidogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like specimens not verified by authors; black inverted triangles:
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D14611F78FB694931FAB0FBA2" box="[1166,1295,1031,1053]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC14611F78FB694931FAB6FBA2" box="[1166,1289,1031,1053]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polylepis">A. polylepis</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
stars:
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D14611F78FAB44931FA23FBA1" box="[1363,1436,1032,1054]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC14611F78FAB44931FA2AFBA1" box="[1363,1429,1032,1054]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osa">A. osa</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
hexagons:
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D14611F78FEE3491EFEC9FB83" box="[260,374,1063,1084]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC14611F78FEE3491EFECDFB83" box="[260,370,1063,1084]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cupreus">A. cupreus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
See text for details.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC82E7F14611F78FF2E4950FC75FAC2" blockId="17.[151,1437,1128,1657]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D14611F78FF2E4950FE6DFB3E" bold="true" box="[201,466,1128,1153]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Natural history notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Wherever we found it in central and western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3606EEF14611F78FC034953FB80FB3E" box="[996,1087,1130,1153]" name="Panama" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC14611F78FBAA4950FB5BFB3E" box="[1101,1252,1129,1153]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D14611F78FBAA4950FB5BFB3E" box="[1101,1252,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Anolis gaigei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an extremely common anole that reaches high population densities, being the most obvious lizard at many sites where it occurs. It is usually encountered in low vegetation between 0.5 and 2.0 m above the ground. Occasionally, individuals can be observed on the ground. At night, these animals sleep in the usual anole-like fashion on twigs or the upper surface of leaves. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC14611F78FE5649C0FDA8FAAE" box="[433,535,1273,1297]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D14611F78FE5649C0FDA8FAAE" box="[433,535,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. gaigei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits a wide range of habitats, it seems to be a typical species of the semideciduous forest and of bushy savannahs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C32FA14611F78FDB34824FD18FA8A" box="[596,679,1309,1333]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[178,1398,193,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[178,1398,193,1947]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitat of Anolis gaigei (a) near Santo Domingo, Los Santos, Panama, 40 masl; (b) at Finca La Providencia, near Ponuga, Veraguas, Panama, 20 masl." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281528/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). In cattle pasture they depend on the trees along the fences (“living fences,” where living trees make up the actual fence posts). Aspects of the ecology of this species were studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E14611F78FF70485CFEC7FAC2" box="[151,376,1381,1405]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Sexton, O. J., Ortleb, E. P., Hathaway, L. M., Ballinger, R. E. & Licht, P. (1971) Reproductive cycles of three species of anoline lizards from the isthmus of Panama. Ecology, 52, 201 - 215." type="journal article">
|
||
Sexton
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D14611F78FF0B485FFE9BFAC2" box="[236,292,1381,1405]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1971)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E14611F78FE64485CFDFBFAC2" author="Campbell" box="[387,580,1381,1405]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Campbell, H. W. (1971) Observations on the thermal activity of some tropical lizards of the genus Anolis (Iguanidae). Caribbean Journal of Science, 11, 17 - 20." type="journal article" year="1971">Campbell (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E14611F78FD98485CFC78FAC2" author="Quintero" box="[639,967,1381,1405]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Quintero A. D. & Cambra T., R. A. (1993) Anolis tropidogaster (NCN). Behavior. Herpetological Review, 24, 104 - 105." type="journal article" year="1993">Quintero and Cambra (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC82E7F14611F78FF2E48B1FB60F9C6" blockId="17.[151,1437,1128,1657]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D14611F78FF2E48B1FE4EFA1E" bold="true" box="[201,497,1416,1441]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3606EEF14611F78FE1E48B0FDA7FA1E" box="[505,536,1417,1441]" name="American Samoa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
currently known,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC14611F78FD0F48B0FCC2FA1E" box="[744,893,1417,1441]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D14611F78FD0F48B0FCC2FA1E" box="[744,893,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Anolis gaigei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed from near the eastern city limit of Davíd, Chiriquí, along the Pacific versant of western and central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3606EEF14611F78FC604897FC5DFA7A" box="[903,994,1454,1477]" name="Panama" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including the Azuero Peninsula, to at least the Canal Zone, and widely distributed in the Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3606EEF14611F78FCFA48EBFCDFFA56" box="[797,864,1490,1513]" name="Malta" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
Mountains of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3606EEF14611F78FBE148E8FBCBFA56" box="[1030,1140,1489,1513]" name="Colombia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
as well as possibly northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3606EEF14611F78FF1148CCFED6F9B2" box="[246,361,1525,1549]" name="Venezuela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C32FA14611F78FE9E48CCFE76F9B2" box="[377,457,1525,1549]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,970,993]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,203,938]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,949]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map indicating known collecting sites mentioned in text of anoles formerly referred to as Anolis tropidogaster. Each symbol can represent one or more nearby localities. Circles: Type A hemipenes; squares: Type B hemipenes; triangles: localities of Anolis tropidogaster - like specimens not verified by authors (sources: MHUA catalogue, Donoso-Barros 1968, Carvajal-Cogollo and Urbina-Cardona 2008). See text for details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281520/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C32FA14611F78FE3148CCFE4AF9B2" box="[470,501,1525,1549]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,970,993]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,203,938]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,949]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Map indicating collecting sites of selected lowland anoles inhabiting the Pacific versant of Panama and Costa Rica. Each symbol can represent one or more nearby localities. Circles: Anolis tropidogaster; squares: A. gaigei; white triangles: localities of A. tropidogaster - like specimens not verified by authors; black inverted triangles: A. polylepis; stars: A. osa; hexagons: A. cupreus. See text for details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281529/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">13</figureCitation>
|
||
). The documented vertical range of the species is from near sea level to about
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D71E5F614611F78FA9548CCFF0BF98E" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F839A14611F78FA9548CCFF0FF98E" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
The elevation stated to be “8, 0 0 0 ft.” (=
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F839A14611F78FD694B20FD57F98E" box="[654,744,1561,1585]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.438" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="2438.0">2438 m</quantity>
|
||
) for a supposed locality of this species (Pueblo Viejo, Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3606EEF14611F78FF704B07FF65F9EA" box="[151,218,1598,1621]" name="Malta" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
Mountains,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3606EEF14611F78FE8D4B04FE65F9EA" box="[362,474,1597,1621]" name="Colombia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6538E14611F78FDF74B04FD5EF9EA" author="Ruthven" box="[528,737,1597,1621]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Ruthven, A. G. (1916) Three new species of Anolis from the Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 32, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1916">Ruthven (1916: 8)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
seems to be exceedingly high and therefore unlikely for this species. However, the associated specimens (UMMZ 48322–23) are clearly referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7755FC14611F78FB944B58FB66F9C6" box="[1139,1241,1633,1657]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903F26D14611F78FB944B58FB66F9C6" box="[1139,1241,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. gaigei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |