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<mods:title id="E86F1D74C375C8BB7AC35809BF8C5AB5">A taxonomic monograph of subfamily Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Western Himalaya</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F0441EE86CFA8338073AC7C2D8D9A111">Buhroo, Abdul Ahad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B6C3A064D84A6AD3CB66D0D738E1162C">Section of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar- 190006 India abuhroo @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9576 - 1165</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03DE8F5DFFD32D692DE9FB9090274809" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE8F5DFFD32D692DE9FB9090274809" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE8F5DFFD32D692DE9FB9090274809" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<subSubSection id="C36D6DC0FFD32D682DE9FB9090F54FAD" box="[151,705,1134,1161]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFD32D682DE9FB9090F54FAD" blockId="66.[151,705,1134,1197]" box="[151,705,1134,1161]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD32D682DE9FB9090F54FAD" bold="true" box="[151,705,1134,1161]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
53.
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FFD32D682DBDFB9190F54FAD" ID-CoL="32WNR" authority="(Eggers, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[195,705,1134,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyclorhipidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatum">
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD32D682DBDFB9190324FAC" bold="true" box="[195,518,1134,1161]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Cyclorhipidion inarmatum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE643BAFFD32D682F68FB91908D4FAD" author="Eggers, H." box="[534,697,1134,1160]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="129 - 220" refId="ref56695" refString="Eggers, H. (1923) Neue indomalayische Borkenkafer. (Ipidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 7 (3 - 4), 129 - 220." type="journal article" year="1923">Eggers, 1923</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D6DC0FFD32D682DE9FB6C93224F88" box="[151,278,1171,1197]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFD32D682DE9FB6C93224F88" blockId="66.[151,705,1134,1197]" box="[151,278,1171,1197]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
(
<figureCitation id="134C22CEFFD32D682DE1FB6C933A4F88" box="[159,270,1171,1197]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="67.[151,250,391,415]" captionTargetBox="[383,1203,179,365]" captionTargetId="figure-17@67.[383,1203,179,365]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 67. Cyclorhipidion inarmatum. Lectotype female: dorsal view A, lateral view B. (Smith et al. 2020)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023463/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figure 67</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D6DC0FFD32D682DE9FB2797B54C23" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFD32D682DE9FB2790384FCA" blockId="66.[151,524,1239,1294]" box="[151,524,1239,1264]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FFD32D682DD2FB2890384FCA" authority="Eggers, 1923" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1923" box="[172,524,1239,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD32D682DD2FB2893B44FCA" box="[172,384,1239,1263]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Xyleborus inarmatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE643BAFFD32D682CF8FB2790384FCA" author="Eggers, H." box="[390,524,1239,1264]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="129 - 220" refId="ref56695" refString="Eggers, H. (1923) Neue indomalayische Borkenkafer. (Ipidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 7 (3 - 4), 129 - 220." type="journal article" year="1923">Eggers, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFD32D682DE9FB0893D84E2B" blockId="66.[151,524,1239,1294]" box="[151,492,1270,1294]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FFD32D682DD2FB0993D84E2B" ID-CoL="7FZ8N" authority="Schedl, 1977" authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1977" box="[172,492,1270,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagans">
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD32D682DD2FB0993554E2B" box="[172,353,1270,1294]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Xyleborus vagans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE643BAFFD32D682C19FB0993D84E2B" author="Schedl, K. E." box="[359,492,1270,1294]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="490 - 504" refId="ref60658" refString="Schedl, K. E. (1977) Some new bark beetles from the Indomalayan region. 332. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Oriental Insects, 11, 490 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1977.11090920" type="journal article" year="1977">Schedl, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFD32D682DE9FAC397B54C23" blockId="66.[151,1437,1340,1979]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
This species is diagnosed by the combination of following morphological characters:
<specimenCount id="9D71F5C2FFD32D68291DFAC2964C4E72" box="[1123,1144,1341,1367]" count="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="female"></specimenCount>
frons weakly convex and devoid of any median lines; surface finely reticulate, upper half with irregular deep punctures and lower half with minute granules and fine hairs; eyes elongately oval and nearly half of its width emarginated; antennal scape short; club flat (
<typeStatus id="54CC80E9FFD32D682C79FA57930D4EE7" box="[263,313,1448,1474]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
3); pronotum longer than wide, rounded (
<typeStatus id="54CC80E9FFD32D682E63FA57917B4EE7" box="[797,847,1448,1474]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
7) from dorsal view and from lateral view as well; anterior margin broadly rounded and unarmed; anterior two-thirds with small asperities; posterior portion finely reticulate with distinct punctures; scutellum large, shiny and tongue-shaped;
<typeStatus id="54CC80E9FFD32D682978FA0E96024D2E" box="[1030,1078,1521,1547]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
3; pronotum scutellum visible; elytra 1.5× as long as pronotum and 1.6× as long as wide; basal margin substraight, lateral sides subparallel nearly upto two-thirds, converging posteriorly with rounded apex; discal striae feebly impressed, marked by shallow punctures, each with a microhair; interstriae flat somewhat wider than striae with irregular granules and fine hairs; declivity commencing on posterior third, face steeply rounded; striae distinctly impressed with distinct small punctures, each with a microhair; interstriae 1 and 3 feebly elevated armed with large tubercles; interstriae 2 always unarmed; postero-lateral margins rounded; setae on interstriae
<quantity id="4C8F93AEFFD32D682E28F93791B54DC7" box="[854,897,1736,1762]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
two confused rows, interstriae 2 with uniseriate setae; body color yellowish brown, elytra comparatively darker; body length: 2.83.0 mm, 2.8× as long as wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D6DC0FFD32D682DB9F8EF971C4C0F" box="[199,1320,1808,1835]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFD32D682DB9F8EF971C4C0F" blockId="66.[151,1437,1340,1979]" box="[199,1320,1808,1835]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD32D682DB9F8EF93874C0F" bold="true" box="[199,435,1808,1834]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3416FFD32D682CC4F8EE971C4C0F" box="[442,1320,1808,1835]" country="United States of America" location="Smithsonian Institution" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Washington" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="54CC80E9FFD32D682CC4F8EE901E4C0E" box="[442,554,1809,1835]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
in NMNH (image),
<location id="8EA86890FFD32D682E71F8EF962C4C0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE8F5DFFD32D692DE9FB9090274809:8EA86890FFD32D682E71F8EF962C4C0F" box="[783,1048,1808,1834]" country="United States of America" name="Smithsonian Institution" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" stateProvince="Washington">Smithsonian Institution</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B3F0A9FFD32D68295DF8EF969F4C0F" box="[1059,1195,1808,1834]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Washington</collectingRegion>
, D.C.
<collectingCountry id="F3607EDBFFD32D68298CF8EF971C4C0F" box="[1266,1320,1808,1834]" name="United States of America" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">USA</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D6DC0FFD32D682DB9F8CB93DC4C57" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFD32D682DB9F8CB93DC4C57" blockId="66.[151,1437,1340,1979]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD32D682DB9F8CB93574C6B" bold="true" box="[199,355,1844,1870]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3607EDBFFD32D682C11F8CB93994C6B" box="[367,429,1844,1870]" name="India" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">India</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49B3F0A9FFD32D682CC3F8CB90A74C6B" box="[445,659,1844,1870]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B3F0A9FFD32D682FDCF8CA910D4C6B" box="[674,825,1844,1871]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
.
<collectingCountry id="F3607EDBFFD32D682E37F8CB91A94C6B" box="[841,925,1844,1870]" name="Bhutan" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3607EDBFFD32D682ED3F8CB91C04C6B" box="[941,1012,1844,1870]" name="China" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49B3F0A9FFD32D68297AF8CA96694C6A" box="[1028,1117,1845,1871]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3607EDBFFD32D682913F8CB96EA4C6B" box="[1133,1246,1844,1870]" name="Indonesia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49B3F0A9FFD32D682990F8CB977A4C6B" box="[1262,1358,1844,1870]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3607EDBFFD32D682821F8CA97AC4C6A" box="[1375,1432,1845,1871]" name="Laos" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Laos</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3607EDBFFD32D682DE9F8A693324C56" box="[151,262,1881,1907]" name="Myanmar" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3607EDBFFD32D682C6EF8A793424C57" box="[272,374,1880,1906]" name="Thailand" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3607EDBFFD32D682CFFF8A793D04C57" box="[385,484,1880,1906]" name="Vietnam" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D6DC0FFD32D692DB9F88390274809" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFD32D682DB9F88393DA4C9F" blockId="66.[151,1437,1340,1979]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD32D682DB9F88393274CB3" bold="true" box="[199,275,1916,1942]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Hosts:</emphasis>
Recorded from
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FFD32D682CA5F88290504CB2" box="[475,612,1917,1943]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD32D682CA5F88290504CB2" box="[475,612,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Castanopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FFD32D682FD8F88291304CB2" box="[678,772,1917,1943]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD32D682FD8F88291304CB2" box="[678,772,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FFD32D682E66F88391B24CB3" box="[792,902,1916,1942]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
), and probably with a close association with
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FFD32D682DE9F85E93DE4C9F" authority="(Beaver et al. 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Beaver" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[151,490,1952,1979]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
Fagaceae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE643BAFFD32D682C70F85F93D64C9F" author="Beaver, R. A. &amp; Sittichaya, W. &amp; Liu, L. - Y." box="[270,482,1952,1978]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref55203" refString="Beaver, R. A., Sittichaya, W. &amp; Liu, L. - Y. (2014) A synopsis of the scolytine ambrosia beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 3875, (1) 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3875.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Beaver
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD32D682C18F85E93AA4C9F" box="[358,414,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF086EC3FFD22D692DE9FE7896CE4ABA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023463" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14023463" box="[151,1274,391,416]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023463/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" startId="67.[151,250,391,415]" targetBox="[383,1203,179,365]" targetPageId="67" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFD22D692DE9FE7896CE4ABA" blockId="67.[151,1274,391,416]" box="[151,1274,391,416]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD22D692DE9FE78932D4ABA" bold="true" box="[151,281,391,415]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FIGURE 67</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FFD22D692C58FE7890004ABA" baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[294,564,391,415]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyclorhipidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatum">
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD22D692C58FE7890004ABA" box="[294,564,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Cyclorhipidion inarmatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Lectotype female: dorsal view
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD22D692E04FE7891B84ABA" bold="true" box="[890,908,391,415]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">A</emphasis>
, lateral view
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD22D692968FE7896134ABA" bold="true" box="[1046,1063,391,415]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">B</emphasis>
. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE643BAFFD22D692944FE7896DB4ABA" author="Smith, S. M. &amp; Beaver, R. A. &amp; Cognato, A. I." box="[1082,1263,391,415]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 442" refId="ref60973" refString="Smith, S. M., Beaver, R. A. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2020) A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China. ZooKeys, 983, 1 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 983.52630" type="journal article" year="2020">
Smith
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD22D692901FE77969F4ABA" box="[1151,1195,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al</emphasis>
. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFD22D692DE9FE0E90B4492E" blockId="67.[151,640,497,524]" box="[151,640,497,524]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD22D692DE9FE0E90B4492E" bold="true" box="[151,640,497,524]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FFD22D692D90FE0E90B4492E" authority="Hulcr &amp; Cognato, 2009" authorityName="Hulcr &amp; Cognato" authorityYear="2009" box="[238,640,497,524]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Diuncus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD22D692D90FE0E9361492E" bold="true" box="[238,341,497,523]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Diuncus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE643BAFFD22D692C22FE0D90B4492E" author="Hulcr, J. &amp; Cognato, A. I." box="[348,640,497,524]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="19 - 36" refId="ref58178" refString="Hulcr, J. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2009) Three new genera of Oriental Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 2204 (1), 19 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2204.1.2" type="journal article" year="2009">Hulcr &amp; Cognato, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFD22D692DE9FDC590274809" blockId="67.[151,1437,569,812]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FFD22D692DE9FDC593784976" box="[151,332,569,595]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B903E259FFD22D692DE9FDC592C04976" box="[151,244,570,595]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Diuncus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are distinguished by the following combination of morphological characters: body length: 1.53.0 mm; antennal club truncate, segment 1 corneous and dominant on both sides; pronotum stout, with 46 serrations on anterior margin; pronotum from lateral view rounded, robust (
<typeStatus id="54CC80E9FFD22D692E11FD7D919549B9" box="[879,929,642,668]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
5), from dorsal view rounded (
<typeStatus id="54CC80E9FFD22D692983FD7D971B49B9" box="[1277,1327,642,668]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
1), rarely conical and angulate (
<typeStatus id="54CC80E9FFD22D692CECFD5993F049E5" box="[402,452,678,704]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
6); declivity flat and broad, margins broadened and distinctly carinate, declivital base often armed with one or two pairs of denticles; protibiae obliquely triangular, with 35 large denticles, denticles distinctly longer than wide; scutellum visible and flush with the elytra; mycangial tufts absent; and procoxae contiguous; host: deciduous trees.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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