286 lines
31 KiB
XML
286 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="92D6042E181335EB5B9B82567EBBD9A5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5533.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14023339" ID-ZooBank="F48DF7EE-7DED-49D3-96A5-620881E3AB36" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1730454453128" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Buhroo, Abdul Ahad" docDate="2024" docId="03DE8F5DFF8B2D312DE9FCFD97A94C99" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5533.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5533 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5533.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Dryocoetes quadrisulcatus Strohmeyer 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFE7F725FF912D2A2D7EFFFF92344B25" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of subfamily Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Western Himalaya" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1730455317287" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F9D0CA57DE7EAFC2E0A1D7DC55DBB52C">
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<mods:title id="2B70C90602815605A38DA28C6E7A7578">A taxonomic monograph of subfamily Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Western Himalaya</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1CB2DA577AE392A16A5DC1CD61A6DEEF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6194B4EE70A6970778CE564D5087EC0E">Buhroo, Abdul Ahad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0491A2D10D246F74570A662ED9213279" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9576-1165</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="F52E35C4C5EB6D372E54ADF721E3B754">Section of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar- 190006 India abuhroo @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9576 - 1165</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="862A8A529A9167B66D8F934A90E3A129" type="email">abuhroo@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="2AA6009CA04005F7EF20AD6ED3C55BFC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0E79B73DB41894D78211ACC8CB38FCE6">
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<mods:date id="35B8D0C39E7EAD54C3B9834F5B7C3D3E">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B9195F34DD2986B1743CFA21CA7B4B30">2024-10-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CEE03393ED2A4A81818742925C1F3AC5">5533</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="FE92264A2682F50D4ECCA6D62BE20867">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5533.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="99312B846A815D14B3B5307541B27B08">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="98BE0CC9E8531B68E4A3CBD8C0DCEE6F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5533.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DE8F5DFF8B2D312DE9FCFD97A94C99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE8F5DFF8B2D312DE9FCFD97A94C99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE8F5DFF8B2D312DE9FCFD97A94C99" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection id="C36D6DC0FF8B2D302DE9FCFD90C74839" box="[151,755,770,797]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFF8B2D302DE9FCFD90C74839" blockId="26.[151,755,770,832]" box="[151,755,770,797]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B903E259FF8B2D302DE9FCFD90C74839" bold="true" box="[151,755,770,797]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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19.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8B2D302DBDFCFD90C74839" ID-CoL="6DMFD" authority="Strohmeyer, 1908 c" authorityName="Strohmeyer" authorityYear="1908" box="[195,755,770,797]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dryocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrisulcatus">
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<emphasis id="B903E259FF8B2D302DBDFCFD90374838" bold="true" box="[195,515,770,797]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dryocoetes quadrisulcatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE643BAFF8B2D302F75FCFD90C74839" author="Strohmeyer, H." box="[523,755,770,796]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="72 - 73" refId="ref61439" refString="Strohmeyer, H. (1908 c) Neue Borkenkafer (Ipidae) aus dem westlichen Himalaya, Japan und Sumatra. Entomologisches Wochenblatt, Leipzig, 25, 72 - 73." type="journal article" year="1908">Strohmeyer, 1908c</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36D6DC0FF8B2D302DE9FCD993704D11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFF8B2D302DE9FCD993224865" blockId="26.[151,755,770,832]" box="[151,278,806,832]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134C22CEFF8B2D302DE1FCD9933A4865" box="[159,270,806,832]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="27.[151,250,802,826]" captionTargetBox="[370,1217,234,776]" captionTargetId="figure-36@27.[370,1217,234,776]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 24. Dryocoetes quadrisulcatus. Male: dorsal view A, latero-declivital view B; female: dorso-lateral view C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023381/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 24</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFF8B2D302DE9FC9190E34E81" blockId="26.[151,1437,878,1768]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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This species is diagnosed by the following morphological characters:
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<specimenCount id="9D71F5C2FF8B2D302EAFFC9091D248AC" box="[977,998,879,905]" count="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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frons subconvex, coarsely granulate-punctate, surface with few long sparse hairs; minute granules denser on flattened area above epistoma and on lateral sides; epistomal margin with fringe of dense, long yellow hairs; vertex shiny, smooth, irregularly punctured; eyes elongate, anteriorly emarginate; antennal club sub-circular, slightly longer than wide, obliquely truncate with two recurved sutures on anterior face, and one suture on apical posterior face, basal corneous portion occupies about half the total length; pronotum slightly longer than wide (1.08×); evenly convex; basally truncate, sides sub-straight up to middle, narrowed and curved towards rounded apex; pronotal surface mostly granulate, coarser antero-laterally; somewhat irregular punctures around impunctate median line towards pronotal base; sparse, long yellow hairs on anterior and lateral portions; scutellum elongate, tongue-shaped, smooth, shiny-black; elytral base as wide as pronotum, 1.55× longer than pronotum and 1.67× as long as wide; basal margin truncate, sides parallel, posteriorly somewhat broadly rounded; elytra strongly striate punctate, strial punctures large, closely placed and especially deeply impressed on first two striae; interstriae as wide as striae, punctures much smaller, as numerous as on striae; declivity somewhat steep, striae 1 strongly and 2 less strongly sulcate and both dilated away from sutural line towards apex; sutural interstriae slightly elevated, with minute setose granules on declivital interstriae; elytral interstriae with long yellow hair-like setae, somewhat longer on lateral sides and on declivity; body dark brown; body length:
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<quantity id="4C8F93AEFF8B2D302C55FA7593E44E80" box="[299,464,1418,1445]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.425" metricValueMax="2.61" metricValueMin="2.24" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="2.425" valueMax="2.61" valueMin="2.24">2.24–2.61 mm</quantity>
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, 2.80× as long as wide.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFF8B2D302DB9FA5191284EC9" blockId="26.[151,1437,878,1768]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Female body length:
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<quantity id="4C8F93AEFF8B2D302CCEFA5190224EEC" box="[432,534,1454,1481]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="2.25">2.25 mm</quantity>
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. The strongly deepened, striae 1 on the disc and declivity is more evident in males of this species, though it is also developed in the females.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFF8B2D302DB9FA0993704D11" blockId="26.[151,1437,878,1768]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks: This species is distinct from the rest of the Indian species due to its grooved (sulcate) striae 1 and 2 on its declivity.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36D6DC0FF8B2D302DB9F9C1913A4D85" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFF8B2D302DB9F9C1913A4D85" blockId="26.[151,1437,878,1768]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8B2D302DB9F9C193834D7D" bold="true" box="[199,439,1598,1624]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B1F3416FF8B2D302CBFF9C0913E4D85" collectingDate="2012-12-07" collectingDateMax="2018-08-18" collectingDateMin="2012-12-07" collectionCode="KUIC" collectorName="A. A. Buhroo & Kashmir & Bandipora & Tragbal Gurez" country="India" county="Thajwas Sonamarg" elevation="3007" latitude="34.494118" location="New" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="74.636086" municipality="Kashmir" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="4">
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||
<location id="8EA86890FF8B2D302CBFF9C093C24D7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE8F5DFF8B2D312DE9FCFD97A94C99:8EA86890FF8B2D302CBFF9C093C24D7C" box="[449,502,1599,1625]" country="India" county="Thajwas Sonamarg" latitude="34.494118" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="74.636086" municipality="Kashmir" name="New" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">New</location>
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||
records:
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3607EDBFF8B2D302F18F9C190904D7D" box="[614,676,1598,1624]" name="India" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">India</collectingCountry>
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:
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||
<specimenCount id="9D71F5C2FF8B2D302FCCF9C190D44D7E" box="[690,736,1598,1627]" count="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
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||
′s,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D71F5C2FF8B2D302E7CF9C1911A4D7E" box="[770,814,1598,1627]" count="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
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||
′s.
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BACA431FF8B2D302E2CF9C191804D7D" box="[850,948,1598,1624]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Kashmir</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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<collectingCounty id="62A946C7FF8B2D302EBDF9C196A94D7D" box="[963,1181,1598,1624]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Thajwas Sonamarg</collectingCounty>
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(
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE43588CFF8B2D3029CFF9C1976C4D7C" box="[1201,1368,1598,1627]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="18.222" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" precision="1" value="34.3037">34° 18.222′ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE43588CFF8B2D302819F9C193324D58" degrees="075" direction="east" minutes="16.388" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" precision="1" value="75.27313">075° 16.388′ E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<quantity id="4C8F93AEFF8B2D302C6DF99D935A4D59" box="[275,366,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.006852" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="ft" value="9865.0">
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<elevation id="005AD978FF8B2D302C6DF99D935A4D59" box="[275,366,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.006852" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="ft" value="9865.0">9865 ft.</elevation>
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</quantity>
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),
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<collectorName id="26825B9DFF8B2D302CFDF99D902D4D59" box="[387,537,1634,1660]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A.A. Buhroo</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FFC9188BFF8B2D302F5BF99D90974D59" box="[549,675,1634,1660]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2012-12-07">
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||
<collectingDate id="EF8DE163FF8B2D302F5BF99D90974D59" box="[549,675,1634,1660]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2012-12-07">12.07.2012</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED66A68EFF8B2D302FCDF99D90CA4D59" box="[691,766,1634,1660]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nivr-mmiq" name="Kagoshima University" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">KUIC</collectionCode>
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).
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<collectorName id="26825B9DFF8B2D302E6CF99D91404D59" box="[786,884,1634,1660]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Kashmir</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="26825B9DFF8B2D302EFEF99D91CC4D59" box="[896,1016,1634,1660]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Bandipora</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="26825B9DFF8B2D30297AF99D96924D59" box="[1028,1190,1634,1660]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tragbal Gurez</collectorName>
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||
(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE43588CFF8B2D3029C6F99D976E4D58" box="[1208,1370,1634,1663]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="29.647" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" precision="1" value="34.494118">34° 29.647′ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE43588CFF8B2D302819F99D93264D84" degrees="074" direction="east" minutes="38.1652" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" precision="1" value="74.636086">074° 38.1652′ E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="4C8F93AEFF8B2D302C60F979934C4D85" box="[286,376,1670,1696]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8748736" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="ft" value="9432.0">
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||
<elevation id="005AD978FF8B2D302C60F979934C4D85" box="[286,376,1670,1696]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8748736" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="ft" value="9432.0">9432 ft.</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
),
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||
<collectorName id="26825B9DFF8B2D302CF5F97990144D85" box="[395,544,1670,1696]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A.A. Buhroo</collectorName>
|
||
,
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||
<date id="FFC9188BFF8B2D302F55F979909D4D85" box="[555,681,1670,1696]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2018-08-18">
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||
<collectingDate id="EF8DE163FF8B2D302F55F979909D4D85" box="[555,681,1670,1696]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2018-08-18">18.08.2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
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||
<collectionCode id="ED66A68EFF8B2D302FC6F97991374D85" box="[696,771,1670,1696]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nivr-mmiq" name="Kagoshima University" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">KUIC</collectionCode>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D6DC0FF8B2D302DB9F955909D4DE1" box="[199,681,1706,1732]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFF8B2D302DB9F955909D4DE1" blockId="26.[151,1437,878,1768]" box="[199,681,1706,1732]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8B2D302DB9F95593574DE1" bold="true" box="[199,355,1706,1732]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution:</emphasis>
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3607EDBFF8B2D302C14F955939C4DE1" box="[362,424,1706,1732]" name="India" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">India</collectingCountry>
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||
: Kashmir,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49B3F0A9FF8B2D302F61F955909D4DE1" box="[543,681,1706,1732]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D6DC0FF8B2D312DB9F93191B04D58" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFF8B2D302DB9F931900D4DCD" blockId="26.[151,1437,878,1768]" box="[199,569,1742,1768]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8B2D302DB9F93193274DCD" bold="true" box="[199,275,1742,1768]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hosts:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8B2D302C64F931938F4DCD" box="[282,443,1742,1768]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pindrow">
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||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8B2D302C64F931938F4DCD" box="[282,443,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Abies pindrow</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8B2D302CB4F93190054DCD" box="[458,561,1742,1768]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFF8B2D302DE9F8E993F74C15" blockId="26.[151,1437,1814,2021]" box="[151,451,1814,1840]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8B2D302DE9F8E993F74C15" bold="true" box="[151,451,1814,1840]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Phylogenetic assessment:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFF8B2D312DE9F8C5906F4BF0" blockId="26.[151,1437,1814,2021]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,151,213]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
The phylogenetic analysis based on COX-1 gene comparison was carried out between the Himalayan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8B2D302863F8C492DC4C5D" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8B2D302863F8C497A94C71" box="[1309,1437,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dryocoetes</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other closely related species of the genus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C22CEFF8B2D302E66F8A191444C5C" box="[792,880,1886,1913]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1276,1300]" captionTargetBox="[548,1043,853,1248]" captionTargetId="figure-58@27.[542,1046,849,1251]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 25. A phylogenetic tree obtained from the NJ for the COX-1 genes of D. indicus, D. quadrisulcatus (in blue) and related species. Numbers at the branches represent bootstrap values." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023383/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
). The NJ tree analysis revealed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8B2D302863F8A093094CB9" authorityName="Strohmeyer" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dryocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8B2D302863F8A093094CB9" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dryocoetes quadrisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8B2D302C06F87C901A4CB9" authorityName="Strohmeyer" authorityYear="1908" box="[376,558,1922,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dryocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="himalayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8B2D302C06F87C901A4CB9" box="[376,558,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">D. himalayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed different clades and were monophyletic with a nucleotide difference of 11.52%. Along with North American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8B2D302F1DF85896054CE4" authority="(Mannerheim, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Mannerheim" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[611,1073,1958,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dryocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affaber">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8B2D302F1DF85891084CE5" box="[611,828,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dryocoetes affaber</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE643BAFF8B2D302E32F859961D4CE4" author="Mannerheim, C. G." box="[844,1065,1958,1985]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref59188" refString="Mannerheim, C. G. (1852) Zweiter Nachtrag zur Kaefer-Fauna der Nord-Amerikanischen Laender des Russischen Reiches. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 25 (2), p. 359." type="journal volume" year="1852">Mannerheim, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Himalayan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8B2D3029BFF85897024CE5" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1914" box="[1217,1334,1958,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dryocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8B2D3029BFF85897024CE5" box="[1217,1334,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">D. indicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
likewise belonged to a distinct monophyletic group, although it differed from it by a nucleotide difference of 8.38–9.01%. The European populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8A2D312CC9FF6890034B95" authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1864" box="[439,567,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dryocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D312CC9FF6890034B95" box="[439,567,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Dryocoetes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also formed distinct clades. The nucleotide divergence between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8A2D312863FF6893094BF0" authorityName="Strohmeyer" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dryocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D312863FF6893094BF0" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Dryocoetes quadrisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8A2D312C0AFF4493D34BF0" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1914" box="[372,487,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dryocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D312C0AFF4493D34BF0" box="[372,487,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">D. indicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was 16%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF086EC3FF8A2D312DE9FCDD9777481F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023381" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14023381" box="[151,1347,802,827]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023381/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[151,250,802,826]" targetBox="[370,1217,234,776]" targetPageId="27" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFF8A2D312DE9FCDD9777481F" blockId="27.[151,1347,802,827]" box="[151,1347,802,827]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D312DE9FCDD9314481F" bold="true" box="[151,288,802,826]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8A2D312C58FCDC9003481F" authorityName="Strohmeyer" authorityYear="1908" box="[294,567,802,826]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dryocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D312C58FCDC9003481F" box="[294,567,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Dryocoetes quadrisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Male: dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D312F81FCDD9125481F" bold="true" box="[767,785,802,826]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A</emphasis>
|
||
, latero-declivital view
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D312E82FCDC9639481E" bold="true" box="[1020,1037,803,827]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">B</emphasis>
|
||
; female: dorso-lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D312855FCDD9709481F" bold="true" box="[1323,1341,802,826]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF086EC3FF8A2D312DE9FB03917E4E1D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023383" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14023383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023383/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[151,250,1276,1300]" targetBox="[548,1043,853,1248]" targetPageId="27" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFF8A2D312DE9FB03917E4E1D" blockId="27.[151,1437,1276,1336]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D312DE9FB0393164E31" bold="true" box="[151,290,1276,1300]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
|
||
A phylogenetic tree obtained from the NJ for the COX-1 genes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8A2D312EA1FB02967C4E31" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1914" box="[991,1096,1276,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dryocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D312EA1FB02967C4E31" box="[991,1096,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">D. indicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8A2D312929FB02973B4E31" authorityName="Strohmeyer" authorityYear="1908" box="[1111,1295,1276,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dryocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D312929FB02973B4E31" box="[1111,1295,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">D. quadrisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in blue) and related species. Numbers at the branches represent bootstrap values.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFF8A2D312DE9FA7590674E81" blockId="27.[151,595,1418,1445]" box="[151,595,1418,1445]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D312DE9FA7590674E81" bold="true" box="[151,595,1418,1445]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8A2D312D90FA7590674E81" authority="Eichoff, 1878 b" authorityName="Eichoff" authorityYear="1878" box="[238,595,1418,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Taphrorychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D312D90FA7593A24E80" bold="true" box="[238,406,1418,1445]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Taphrorychus</emphasis>
|
||
Eichoff, 1878b
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFF8A2D312DE9FA2C91B04D58" blockId="27.[151,1437,1490,1661]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8A2D312DE9FA2C93BD4EC8" box="[151,393,1491,1517]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D312DE9FA2C93044EC8" box="[151,304,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Taphrorychus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are diagnosed by the following morphological characters: body length:
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F93AEFF8A2D3129C6FA2D97764EC8" box="[1208,1346,1490,1517]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="2.1" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; funicle with five segments; club flat, round with three slightly procurved sutures; pronotum as long as wide, anteriorly constricted, with rows of fine granules; elytra with striae;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D71F5C2FF8A2D312E62F9E491054D10" box="[796,817,1563,1589]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
elytral declivity flat; female declivity rounded;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D71F5C2FF8A2D312839F9E497684D10" box="[1351,1372,1563,1589]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
frons granulate with sparse filliform setae;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D71F5C2FF8A2D312F36F9C090694D7C" box="[584,605,1599,1625]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
frons with crown of dense, short, filliform setae; body black to brown; antennae and legs light brown; hosts: deciduous trees and conifers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D6DC0FF8A2D312DE9F93097A94C99" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFF8A2D312DE9F93091A04DCD" blockId="27.[151,916,1742,1769]" box="[151,916,1742,1769]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D312DE9F93091A04DCD" bold="true" box="[151,916,1742,1769]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Key to the Himalayan species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8A2D312F51F93191A04DCD" ID-CoL="8HRT7" authority="Eichoff, 1878 b" authorityName="Eichoff" authorityYear="1878" box="[559,916,1742,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Taphrorychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D312F51F93190E34DCC" bold="true" box="[559,727,1742,1769]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Taphrorychus</emphasis>
|
||
Eichoff, 1878b
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<keyStep id="308326EEFF8A2D312DE9F8EB97A94C99" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<key id="FFE6697AFF8A2D312DE9F8EB97A94C99" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFF8A2D312DE9F8EB97A84C41" blockId="27.[151,1437,1812,1980]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<keyLead id="30869D7EFF8A2D312DE9F8EB97A84C41" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
1 Elytral disc very distinctly striate-punctate, the strial punctures of moderate size and closely placed; interstriae much wider, in places finely transversely wrinkled and each with median row of widely spaced rather large punctures as those on the main striae..................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8A2D312989F8B097A84C41" ID-CoL="54SM6" authority="Schedl" authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1974" box="[1271,1436,1870,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Taphrorychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D312989F8B097614C46" box="[1271,1365,1870,1892]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. betulae</emphasis>
|
||
Schedl
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFF8A2D312DE9F89397A94C99" blockId="27.[151,1437,1812,1980]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<keyLead id="30869D7EFF8A2D312DE9F89397A94C99" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
- Elytral disc with indistinctly marked striate and interstriae, striae 1 and 2, well-marked and impressed; punctures on both striae and interstriae of equal size and depth, declivital interstriae marked by long erect hairs and few minute granules..............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FF8A2D3129AAF85897A94C99" ID-CoL="54SMD" authority="(Stebbing)" baseAuthorityName="Stebbing" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1236,1437,1958,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Taphrorychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hewetti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FF8A2D3129AAF85897054C9E" box="[1236,1329,1958,1980]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. hewetti</emphasis>
|
||
(Stebbing)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |