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<document id="7630E2ABC49CE86ABD46E7D8CBD3E859" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4242.2.1SLASH10449" ID-CLB-Dataset="36308" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4242.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="35c61ca1-c858-4f10-baa2-b4b2b72d1454" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="376356" ID-ZooBank="88B94383-F912-4BBD-B9F0-5642002C496D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1489133894790" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gordon, Dennis P. &amp; Taylor, Paul D." docDate="2017" docId="03A78782FFBCE46D80F44861FD19FC74" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4242.2.1SLASH10449.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4242 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Apiophragma hyalina Waters 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="225" masterDocId="FF9EFFFAFFAAE47580634F56FFC6FFF4" masterDocTitle="Resolving the status of Pyriporoides and Daisyella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata), with the systematics of some additional taxa of Calloporoidea having an ooecial heterozooid" masterLastPageNumber="232" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="223" updateTime="1698437807781" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="200B157FDC35BFCBD54078F819CB32A5">Resolving the status of Pyriporoides and Daisyella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata), with the systematics of some additional taxa of Calloporoidea having an ooecial heterozooid</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1770B90852B38F7F91BF124D0B739E25">Gordon, Dennis P.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03A78782FFBCE46D80F44861FD19FC74" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6043898" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127843527" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6043898" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A78782FFBCE46D80F44861FD19FC74" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A78782FFBCE46D80F44861FD19FC74" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<subSubSection id="C314651FFFBCE46380F44861FF3FF887" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB13694FFBCE46380F44861FD9BF8A5" blockId="22.[151,605,1847,1907]" box="[151,605,1847,1873]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<heading id="D0F981F8FFBCE46380F44861FD9BF8A5" bold="true" box="[151,605,1847,1873]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D17FFBCE46380F44861FD9BF8A5" authority="Waters, 1904" authorityName="Waters" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,605,1847,1873]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Apiophragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFBCE46380F44861FD9BF8A5" bold="true" box="[151,605,1847,1873]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFBCE46380F44861FE59F8A5" bold="true" box="[151,415,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Apiophragma hyalina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B65FFBCE46381CC4861FD93F8A5" author="Waters" box="[431,597,1847,1873]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" refString="Waters, A. W. (1904) Bryozoa. Resultats du Voyage du S. Y. Belgica, Zoologie. Expedition Antarctique Belge, 4, 1 - 114, 4 pls." type="journal article" year="1904">Waters, 1904</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB13694FFBCE46380F4480CFF3FF887" blockId="22.[151,605,1847,1907]" box="[151,249,1882,1907]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
(
<figureCitation id="13352A11FFBCE46380FC480CFF37F887" box="[159,241,1882,1907]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1308,1330]" captionTargetBox="[245,1341,182,1286]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[245,1341,181,1286]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. Apiophragma hyalina (Waters, 1904), NIWA 23005: A, Opesiulate autozooid, with arrows indicating tiny gymnocystal spines; B, close-up of opesia; C, ovicellate zooid with operculum in place (white arrow indicates foramen of narrow exposure of ooecial kenozooid, small black arrows indicate gymnocystal spines); D, close-up of opesia of ovicellate zooid and foraminal slit in proximofrontal fissure. Scalebars: A, C, 200 µm; B, 100 µm; D, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/376370/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C314651FFFBCE46380F448F5FB90F823" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB13694FFBCE46380F448F5FCEAF84C" blockId="22.[151,1110,1954,2007]" box="[151,812,1954,1976]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1E11BAFFBCE46380F448F5FCEAF84C" box="[151,812,1954,1976]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D17FFBCE46380F448F5FDC0F84C" authority="Waters, 1904: 39" authorityName="Waters" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,518,1954,1976]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Megapora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFBCE46380F448F5FE94F84C" box="[151,338,1954,1976]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Megapora hyalina</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF1085FFBCE463813A48F5FDC0F84C" author="Waters" box="[345,518,1954,1976]" page="39" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" year="1904">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B65FFBCE463813A48F5FE27F84C" author="Waters" box="[345,481,1954,1976]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" refString="Waters, A. W. (1904) Bryozoa. Resultats du Voyage du S. Y. Belgica, Zoologie. Expedition Antarctique Belge, 4, 1 - 114, 4 pls." type="journal article" year="1904">Waters, 1904</bibRefCitation>
: 39
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, text-fig. 1, pl. 2, figs 13a, b.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB13694FFBCE46380F44897FB90F823" blockId="22.[151,1110,1954,2007]" box="[151,1110,1985,2007]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1E11BAFFBCE46380F44897FB90F823" box="[151,1110,1985,2007]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D17FFBCE46380F44897FD73F823" authority="Hayward &amp; Ryland 1993: 120" authorityName="Hayward &amp; Ryland" authorityPageNumber="120" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,693,1985,2007]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Apiophragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFBCE46380F44897FEB2F823" box="[151,372,1985,2007]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Apiophragma hyalina</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF1085FFBCE46381E14897FD73F823" author="Hayward" box="[386,693,1985,2007]" page="120" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B65FFBCE46381E14897FD45F823" author="Hayward" box="[386,643,1985,2007]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" refString="Hayward, P. J. &amp; Ryland, J. S. (1993) Taxonomy of six Antarctic anascan Bryozoa. Antarctic Science, 5, 129 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0954102093000185" type="journal article" year="1993">Hayward &amp; Ryland 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 120
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 1;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF1085FFBCE46383614897FC08F823" author="Hayward" box="[770,974,1985,2007]" page="154" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B65FFBCE46383614897FC5AF823" author="Hayward" box="[770,924,1985,2007]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" refString="Hayward, P. J. (1995) Antarctic Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Oxford University Press, Oxford, xi + 355 pp." type="book" year="1995">Hayward 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 154
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 120E, F.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF71661CFFBDE46280F44A4AFB4FFA7A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/376370/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" targetBox="[245,1341,182,1286]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="8BB13694FFBDE46280F44A4AFB4FFA7A" blockId="23.[151,1436,1308,1422]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFBDE46280F44A4AFEE3FAC5" bold="true" box="[151,293,1308,1330]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D17FFBDE46281534A4AFD7DFAC6" authority="Waters, 1904" authorityName="Waters" authorityYear="1904" box="[304,699,1308,1330]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Apiophragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFBDE46281534A4AFDD4FAC6" box="[304,530,1308,1330]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Apiophragma hyalina</emphasis>
(Waters, 1904)
</taxonomicName>
, NIWA 23005:
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFBDE46283094A4AFC44FAC5" bold="true" box="[874,898,1308,1329]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">A,</emphasis>
Opesiulate autozooid, with arrows indicating tiny gymnocystal spines;
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFBDE46281124A6DFE41FAA4" bold="true" box="[369,391,1339,1360]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">B,</emphasis>
close-up of opesia;
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFBDE46282034A6CFDBFFAA4" bold="true" box="[608,633,1338,1360]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">C,</emphasis>
ovicellate zooid with operculum in place (white arrow indicates foramen of narrow exposure of ooecial kenozooid, small black arrows indicate gymnocystal spines);
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFBDE46284554A0FFB89FA9A" bold="true" box="[1078,1103,1369,1390]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">D,</emphasis>
close-up of opesia of ovicellate zooid and foraminal slit in proximofrontal fissure. Scalebars: A, C, 200 µm; B, 100 µm; D, 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C314651FFFBDE46280F44AE1FBAAFA00" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB13694FFBDE46280F44AE1FBAAFA00" blockId="23.[151,1437,1463,2029]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<materialsCitation id="3B663CC9FFBDE46280F44AE1FAC3FA24" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1438637094" box="[151,1285,1463,1488]" collectionCode="NIWA, TAN" latitude="-72.0613" location="Wellington" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="173.2455" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" specimenCode="NIWA 23005, TAN0402" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wellington">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFBDE46280F44AE1FE43FA24" bold="true" box="[151,389,1463,1488]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Material examined.</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DBA89EEFFFBDE46281F24AEEFDE9FA24" box="[401,559,1463,1488]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE51FFBDE46281F24AEEFE1CFA24" box="[401,474,1464,1488]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">NIWA</collectionCode>
23005
</specimenCode>
, NIC
<collectingRegion id="49CAF876FFBDE46282184AE1FD3CFA24" box="[635,762,1463,1488]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Wellington</collectingRegion>
, Stn
<specimenCode id="DBA89EEFFFBDE46283594AEEFC68FA24" box="[826,942,1464,1488]" collectionCode="TAN" country="Madagascar" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE51FFBDE46283594AEEFCB3FA24" box="[826,885,1464,1488]" country="Madagascar" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">TAN</collectionCode>
0402
</specimenCode>
/73,
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B663CC9FFBDE46285774AE1FBAAFA00" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1438637096" collectingDate="2004-02-13" collectorName="NW Ross Sea &amp; Cape Adare" country="Antarctica" elevation="621" latitude="-72.0647" location="Antarctica" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="173.2632" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" specimenCount="1">
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,
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,
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,
<collectorName id="26FB5342FFBDE46281DD4A8BFD9FFA00" box="[446,601,1500,1524]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">NW Ross Sea</collectorName>
off
<collectorName id="26FB5342FFBDE46282E44A8AFCC9FA01" box="[647,783,1500,1525]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Cape Adare</collectorName>
,
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,
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<date id="FFB01054FFBDE46283FE4A8AFBAEFA00" box="[925,1128,1500,1525]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" value="2004-02-13">13 February 2004</date>
</collectingDate>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C314651FFFBDE46280A44AA9FB36F819" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB13694FFBDE46280A44AA9FB36F819" blockId="23.[151,1437,1463,2029]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFBDE46280A44AA9FEB2F9EC" bold="true" box="[199,372,1535,1560]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Redescription.</emphasis>
Colony encrusting, small, spot-like, maximum spread up to
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. Autozooids arranged contiguously in quincunx, communicating via basal pore-chambers, of which two lateral pairs and one mid-distal are visible in zooids at colony margin [ZL400661 (561); ZW 343544 (468)]. Gymnocyst continuous around zooid, narrow to moderately well developed. Cryptocyst and opesia surrounded by a distinct pyriform rim constricted at level of proximalmost oral spines [CrL 298412 (360); CrW 239350 (317)]. Cryptocystal shelf extensive, flat, with a pair of suboval opesiules. Opesia generally a little wider than long, distal margin rounded and tubercular, straight proximally, constricted in proximal third; articular surface smooth, rounded, operculum occupying
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFBDE462817549ABFEEFF8E0" box="[278,297,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">c.</emphasis>
three-quarters of opesial length [OpL 110145 (122)]. Six articulated spines, perioral only, all of which are retained in ovicellate zooids, arranged in arc around operculum; 02 additional tiny spines on each lateral gymnocyst. No avicularia. Ooecium hyperstomial, acleithral, smooth with longitudinal carina in proximal half, carina occupied by elongate slit or smaller excavation [OoL 217232 (226); OoW 233245 (239)]. Ooecial kenozooid protruding a little distally, with small opesial foramen surrounded by semicircular cryptocyst, subgranular to smooth, flanked by pair of smaller pore-chambers. Ancestrula resembling later zooids but with slightly longer opesia and nine pericryptocystal spines [AnL 335431 (383); AnW 223305 (264)].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C314651FFFB2E46D80A44FC1FD4BFCCC" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB13694FFB2E46D80A44FC1FF1AFE59" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFB2E46D80A44FC1FEFDFF44" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B65FFB2E46D81224FCEFE19FF44" author="Waters" box="[321,479,152,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" refString="Waters, A. W. (1904) Bryozoa. Resultats du Voyage du S. Y. Belgica, Zoologie. Expedition Antarctique Belge, 4, 1 - 114, 4 pls." type="journal article" year="1904">Waters (1904)</bibRefCitation>
did not describe the ooecium, which meant that his illustration of it was ambiguousis the longitudinal feature on the front a carina or an excavation? This question could not be answered by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B65FFB2E46D85564FEAFE92FF0C" author="Hayward" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" refString="Hayward, P. J. &amp; Ryland, J. S. (1993) Taxonomy of six Antarctic anascan Bryozoa. Antarctic Science, 5, 129 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0954102093000185" type="journal article" year="1993">Hayward &amp; Ryland (1993)</bibRefCitation>
as their material was infertile. In the event, it is now seen to be both, viz a carina in which there is an elongate slit or shorter excavation. On the other hand, Waters described and illustrated the tiny gymnocystal spines that were not remarked upon by Hayward &amp; Ryland.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B65FFB2E46D83234E71FC3FFEB4" author="Hayward" box="[832,1017,295,320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" refString="Hayward, P. J. (1995) Antarctic Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Oxford University Press, Oxford, xi + 355 pp." type="book" year="1995">Hayward (1995)</bibRefCitation>
showed a presumed ancestrula but it had only six oral spines; it is clear from the larger, original SEM photograph in
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B65FFB2E46D84704E1AFA5AFE90" author="Hayward" box="[1043,1436,332,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" refString="Hayward, P. J. &amp; Ryland, J. S. (1993) Taxonomy of six Antarctic anascan Bryozoa. Antarctic Science, 5, 129 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0954102093000185" type="journal article" year="1993">Hayward &amp; Ryland (1993, fig. 1A)</bibRefCitation>
[from which figure 120E in
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B65FFB2E46D81BF4E39FD50FE7C" author="Hayward" box="[476,662,367,392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" refString="Hayward, P. J. (1995) Antarctic Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Oxford University Press, Oxford, xi + 355 pp." type="book" year="1995">Hayward (1995)</bibRefCitation>
was cropped] that this was not the actual ancestrula but a daughter zooid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB13694FFB2E46D80A44EEEFD4BFCCC" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
None of these authors mentioned the ooecial kenozooid in
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D17FFB2E46D830B4EEEFC1BFE24" box="[872,989,440,464]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Apiophragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFB2E46D830B4EEEFC1BFE24" box="[872,989,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">A. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is a character also exhibited by
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D17FFB2E46D80F44E8AFE62FE00" authority="Olisthella" authorityName="Olisthella" box="[151,420,476,500]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Pyriporoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFB2E46D80F44E8AFEEEFE00" box="[151,296,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Pyriporoides</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFB2E46D81554E8AFE62FE00" box="[310,420,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Olisthella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957FDFFB2E46D81CF4E8AFE3DFE01" box="[428,507,476,501]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFB2E46D81CF4E8AFE3DFE01" bold="true" box="[428,507,476,501]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">n. gen.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D17FFB2E46D826A4E8AFD60FE00" box="[521,678,476,500]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Bryobrownius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFB2E46D826A4E8AFD60FE00" box="[521,678,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Bryobrownius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957FDFFB2E46D82CD4E8AFD3BFE01" box="[686,765,476,501]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFB2E46D82CD4E8AFD3BFE01" bold="true" box="[686,765,476,501]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">n. gen.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D17FFB2E46D83574E8BFC6FFE00" box="[820,937,477,500]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Megapora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFB2E46D83574E8BFC6FFE00" box="[820,937,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Megapora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, suggesting that all of these genera could be phylogenetically related.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B65FFB2E46D81DD4D56FDA4FDEC" author="Waters" box="[446,610,512,536]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" refString="Waters, A. W. (1904) Bryozoa. Resultats du Voyage du S. Y. Belgica, Zoologie. Expedition Antarctique Belge, 4, 1 - 114, 4 pls." type="journal article" year="1904">Waters (1904)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B65FFB2E46D82C74EA9FC26FDEC" author="Hayward" box="[676,992,511,536]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" refString="Hayward, P. J. &amp; Ryland, J. S. (1993) Taxonomy of six Antarctic anascan Bryozoa. Antarctic Science, 5, 129 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0954102093000185" type="journal article" year="1993">Hayward &amp; Ryland (1993)</bibRefCitation>
neglected to suggest a family for
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D17FFB2E46D85E74D56FF2DFDC8" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Apiophragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFB2E46D85E74D56FF2DFDC8" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">A. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but Waters inclusion of the species in
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D17FFB2E46D82C44D73FCDAFDC8" box="[679,796,549,572]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Megapora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFB2E46D82C44D73FCDAFDC8" box="[679,796,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Megapora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows that he regarded it as membraniporine.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B65FFB2E46D85564D72FF27FD94" author="Hayward" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" refString="Hayward, P. J. (1995) Antarctic Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Oxford University Press, Oxford, xi + 355 pp." type="book" year="1995">Hayward (1995)</bibRefCitation>
included it in
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D17FFB2E46D81E44D11FDE4FD94" box="[391,546,583,608]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Microporidae</taxonomicName>
, no doubt on the basis of the cryptocystal opesiules. Significantly,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B65FFB2E46D857B4D11FEFEFD70" author="Hayward" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" refString="Hayward, P. J. &amp; Ryland, J. S. (1993) Taxonomy of six Antarctic anascan Bryozoa. Antarctic Science, 5, 129 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0954102093000185" type="journal article" year="1993">Hayward &amp; Ryland (1993)</bibRefCitation>
coined the name
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D17FFB2E46D819C4D3AFD5FFD70" box="[511,665,620,644]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Apiophragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFB2E46D819C4D3AFD5FFD70" box="[511,665,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Apiophragma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from “
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFB2E46D82884D3BFCEEFD70" box="[747,808,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">apios</emphasis>
(Gr.), a pear, and phragma (Gr.), a wall, referring to the shape of the mural rim,” which is one of the diagnostic characters of
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D17FFB2E46D83D24DD9FA5EFD5C" authority="Di Martino &amp; Taylor 2012" authorityName="Di Martino &amp; Taylor" authorityYear="2012" box="[945,1432,655,680]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Pyrisinellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
Pyrisinellidae (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B65FFB2E46D84384DD9FA57FD5C" author="Di" box="[1115,1425,655,680]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" refString="Di Martino, E. &amp; Taylor, P. D. (2012) Pyrisinellidae, a new family of anascan cheilostomes bryozoans. Zootaxa, 3534, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2012">Di Martino &amp; Taylor 2012</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Interestingly, one autozooid in the present material shows a very thin suture line from each opesiule to the opesia. Such a line is to be expected to result developmentally as the cryptocyst calcifies around each opesiular locus (insertion of a parietal muscle), but it may also be indicative of origination of
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D17FFB2E46D84574DAAFB08FCE0" box="[1076,1230,764,788]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Apiophragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFB2E46D84574DAAFB08FCE0" box="[1076,1230,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Apiophragma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from an ancestor having a larger opesia and lacking opesiules.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C314651FFFB2E46D80A44C12FD19FC74" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB13694FFB2E46D80A44C12FD19FC74" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="B97AEA86FFB2E46D80A44C12FEA6FCA9" bold="true" box="[199,352,836,861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3197604FFB2E46D81054C12FE1DFCA9" box="[358,475,836,861]" name="Antarctica" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
(Ross Sea, Bellingshausen Sea, South
<collectingRegion id="49CAF876FFB2E46D83EE4C12FB81FCA9" box="[909,1095,836,861]" country="United Kingdom" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<collectingCountry id="F3197604FFB2E46D83EE4C12FC29FCA9" box="[909,1007,836,861]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Shetland</collectingCountry>
Islands
</collectingRegion>
) from 60° to 72° S at
<quantity id="4CF69B71FFB2E46D85594C12FF6BFC8B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.29" metricValueMax="6.22" metricValueMin="4.36" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" unit="m" value="529.0" valueMax="622.0" valueMin="436.0">436622 m</quantity>
depth on pebbles and dead stylasterid hydrocoral.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>