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<document id="397EF2FBEF514090AAACA5DE6AD548A3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4991.3.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5042522" ID-ZooBank="842EA450-A680-4D5D-9723-C1D7CCE13E5D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1624987574070" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vasanth, M., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G. &amp; Sinha, Bikramjit" docDate="2021" docId="039D87CCFFA1FF84FF56FE09FCAB6927" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4991.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4991 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus Braasch &amp; Soldan 1979" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="503" masterDocId="FFA4FFB4FFA5FF80FFC1FFF6FFD26F53" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the study of Epeorus Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) from India" masterLastPageNumber="522" masterPageNumber="499" pageNumber="503" updateTime="1698978689892" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="A5D9858FFAA466030865477E2E351C78" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="978D219B4B2C8366E3C0A360B6E7BC0A">Contribution to the study of Epeorus Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) from India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8516A76280354EE44C3E361BF9FC62CB">Vasanth, M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CCEF45DA87EB07B9FB2B1F3D5C3DDD7E" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4446-4889</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="65A3C7D8A30DF35233DE28319F40CE69">Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Santhome High Road, Chennai- 600028, India. &amp; University of Madras, Chepauk, Chennai- 600005. &amp; vasan 071994 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4446 - 4889</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2C0481C529D9EFF2FB6BA691043C963E" type="email">vasan071994@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6A39DD375B896CE9110618DEB70E2D90">Selvakumar, C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6E07262E00208D7AEB0D57BF04141BF5" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4296-5682</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C76D9D172789729A6C4B579B9972BAC6">Department of Zoology, The Madura College (Autonomous), Madurai- 625011, Tamil Nadu. &amp; selvaaa 06 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4296 - 5682</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="563F9C825416B3D40986C7CCDC9C6A19" type="email">selvaaa06@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E86D62E91C599F548A390D5AE63E47B5">Subramanian, K. A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BAA430BC1CBC43C5CD0F41F71D3232B4">Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Santhome High Road, Chennai- 600028, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EFAC601F99D31813608E5DCF0C0B9517">Sivaramakrishnan, K. G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="73F3966C8A2BA15F59ECB6AE4AC7E870" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6332-0349</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="EDD2244FDDC5EA9939E6D83AD2F4CE18">Flat No 3, Door No 7, Gokulam Apartment, Gokulam Colony, West Mambalam, Chennai- 600 033, India. &amp; kgskrishnan @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6332 - 0349</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FD28D70EB00EEB42DF362E9D06D56FFA" type="email">kgskrishnan@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4A3180EC1BD0D2507C35E19A1B16283B">Sinha, Bikramjit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="964122F18C47C9EB8894704A083E2D97">Zoological Survey of India, Arunachal Pradesh Regional Centre, Senki Valley, Itanagar- 791113, Arunachal Pradesh, India. &amp; sinhabj @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9904 - 4964</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="90904B4511C4F5709456515AA426381F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6DB7DED9B8FD90AD5292F1A5EE3C1CF3">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0EAA8FF1CC5BD2947C8B5E75F64D5CBB">2021-06-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EF6EEC06DBDBEEB9EB4D420E1304FE01">4991</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AC7CCDA4BEEF3ABB0F337D87D699CB3B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039D87CCFFA1FF84FF56FE09FCAB6927" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042546" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5042546" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D87CCFFA1FF84FF56FE09FCAB6927" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87CCFFA1FF84FF56FE09FCAB6927" lastPageNumber="503" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<subSubSection id="C32E6551FFA1FF84FF56FE09FCE76D4B" box="[151,821,509,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DAFFA1FF84FF56FE09FCE76D4B" blockId="4.[151,821,509,572]" box="[151,821,509,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<heading id="D0C381B6FFA1FF84FF56FE09FCE76D4B" bold="true" box="[151,821,509,537]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D59FFA1FF84FF56FE09FCE76D4B" ID-CoL="6FNW8" authority="Braasch &amp; Soldan, 1979" authorityName="Braasch &amp; Soldan" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,821,509,537]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus" subGenus="Epeorus">
<emphasis id="B940EAC8FFA1FF84FF56FE09FCE76D4B" bold="true" box="[151,821,509,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="B940EAC8FFA1FF84FF56FE09FF2E6D4A" bold="true" box="[151,252,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Epeorus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B940EAC8FFA1FF84FECCFE09FEA06D4A" bold="true" box="[269,370,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Epeorus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B940EAC8FFA1FF84FE45FE08FDD26D4A" bold="true" box="[388,512,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">bifurcatus</emphasis>
Braasch &amp; Soldán, 1979
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6551FFA1FF84FF56FDD4FEF56D6F" box="[151,295,546,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DAFFA1FF84FF56FDD4FEF56D6F" blockId="4.[151,821,509,572]" box="[151,295,546,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
(
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FF5EFDD4FECD6D6F" box="[159,287,546,572]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 18–24" captionStart-1="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox-0="[184,1401,181,1919]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1436,182,1356]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@5.[184,1403,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@6.[151,1436,181,1360]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 18–24. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 18. Dorsal view; 19. Abdomen ventral view; 20. Abdomen dorsal view; 21. Posterior margin of abdominal terga V; 22. Antenna; 23 Labrum; 24. Hypopharynx." captionText-1="FIGURES 25–34. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 25. Left mandible; 26. Right mandible; 27. Maxilla; 28. Labium; 29. Foreleg; 30. Midleg; 31. Hindleg; 31a. Dorsal surface of femur; 32. Claw; 33. Gill I; 34. Gill III." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042530" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042532" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5042530/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5042532/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Figs 18–34</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6551FFA1FF84FF56FD9CFA4F6C46" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DAFFA1FF84FF56FD9CFA4F6C46" blockId="4.[151,1437,618,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="B940EAC8FFA1FF84FF56FD9CFE556DD7" bold="true" box="[151,391,618,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="49F0F838FFA1FF84FD8BFD9CFCF46DD7" box="[586,806,618,644]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
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<location id="8EEB6001FFA1FF84FAC8FD9CFA4B6DD7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D87CCFFA1FF84FF56FE09FCAB6927:8EEB6001FFA1FF84FAC8FD9CFA4B6DD7" box="[1289,1433,618,644]" country="India" county="West Kameng" latitude="27.326754" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.231804" municipality="Dirang" name="Dirang river" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" stateProvince="Arunachal Pradesh">Dirang river</location>
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, coll.
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[ZSI/
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/E/297]
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;
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<location id="8EEB6001FFA1FF84FD9FFD44FD066D9F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D87CCFFA1FF84FF56FE09FCAB6927:8EEB6001FFA1FF84FD9FFD44FD066D9F" box="[606,724,690,716]" country="India" county="Upper Dibang Valley" latitude="28.96643" longLatPrecision="4" longitude="95.8061" municipality="Mipi" name="Mipi river" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" stateProvince="Arunachal Pradesh">Mipi river</location>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE00501DFFA1FF84FD21FD44FCBA6D9E" box="[736,872,690,717]" degrees="28.96643" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" precision="1" value="28.96643">28.96643 N</geoCoordinate>
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<quantity id="4CCC9B3FFFA1FF84FC39FD44FB836D9E" box="[1016,1105,690,717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.455" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" unit="m" value="1455.0">
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<collectingDate id="EFCEE9F2FFA1FF84FB9FFD44FB026D9F" box="[1118,1232,690,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" value="2017-10-31">31.x.2017</collectingDate>
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, coll.
<collectorName id="26C1530CFFA1FF84FAD4FD44FA4F6D9E" box="[1301,1437,690,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Anil Kumar</collectorName>
&amp;
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[ZSI/
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/E/312]
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;
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3C87FFA1FF84FE21FD20FA4A6C46" collectingDate="2018-03-12" collectionCode="SRC-I" collectorName="Bikramjit Sinha" country="India" county="West Kameng district" elevation="1790" latitude="27.420841" location="Khechalu" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.26954" municipality="Sangti valley" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-larva="15" stateProvince="Arunachal Pradesh">
<specimenCount id="9D32FD53FFA1FF84FE21FD20FD996DA3" box="[480,587,726,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="larva">15 larvae</specimenCount>
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BEFACA0FFA1FF84FB49FD20FACF6DA3" box="[1160,1309,726,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Sangti valley</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EEB6001FFA1FF84FAEBFD20FA4A6DA3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D87CCFFA1FF84FF56FE09FCAB6927:8EEB6001FFA1FF84FAEBFD20FA4A6DA3" box="[1322,1432,726,752]" country="India" county="West Kameng district" latitude="27.420841" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.26954" municipality="Sangti valley" name="Khechalu" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" stateProvince="Arunachal Pradesh">Khechalu</location>
,
<location id="8EEB6001FFA1FF84FF56FD0CFEE66C46" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D87CCFFA1FF84FF56FE09FCAB6927:8EEB6001FFA1FF84FF56FD0CFEE66C46" box="[151,308,762,789]" country="India" county="West Kameng district" latitude="27.420841" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.26954" municipality="Sangti valley" name="Khendo Rong" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" stateProvince="Arunachal Pradesh">Khendo Rong</location>
(stream),
<geoCoordinate id="EE00501DFFA1FF84FE67FD0CFDE96C46" box="[422,571,762,789]" degrees="27.420841" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" precision="1" value="27.420841">27.420841 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE00501DFFA1FF84FD87FD0CFD056C46" box="[582,727,762,789]" degrees="92.269538" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" precision="1" value="92.26954">92.269538 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCC9B3FFFA1FF84FD22FD0CFCE86C46" box="[739,826,762,789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" unit="m" value="1790.0">
<elevation id="0019D1E9FFA1FF84FD22FD0CFCE86C46" box="[739,826,762,789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" unit="m" value="1790.0">1790 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF8A101AFFA1FF84FC87FD0CFC116C47" box="[838,963,762,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" value="2018-03-12">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9F2FFA1FF84FC87FD0CFC116C47" box="[838,963,762,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" value="2018-03-12">12.iii.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
. coll.
<collectorName id="26C1530CFFA1FF84FBC4FD0CFB6A6C47" box="[1029,1208,762,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Bikramjit Sinha</collectorName>
[ZSI/
<collectionCode id="ED25AE1FFFA1FF84FB38FD0CFA966C46" box="[1273,1348,762,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">SRC-I</collectionCode>
/E/320]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6551FFA1FF84FF06FCE8FEB56A07" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DAFFA1FF84FF06FCE8FAB66C6B" blockId="4.[151,1437,618,1653]" box="[199,1380,798,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="B940EAC8FFA1FF84FF06FCE8FE896C6B" bold="true" box="[199,347,798,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Description:</emphasis>
Larva: Body length
<quantity id="4CCC9B3FFFA1FF84FD82FCE8FD4E6C6A" box="[579,668,798,825]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" unit="mm" value="9.8">9.8 mm</quantity>
; length of cerci
<quantity id="4CCC9B3FFFA1FF84FC91FCE8FC656C6A" box="[848,951,798,825]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" unit="mm" value="10.4">10.4 mm</quantity>
. Body generally dark brown (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FAC5FCE8FA856C6B" box="[1284,1367,798,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[184,1403,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 18. Dorsal view; 19. Abdomen ventral view; 20. Abdomen dorsal view; 21. Posterior margin of abdominal terga V; 22. Antenna; 23 Labrum; 24. Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042530/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36DAFFA1FF84FF06FCB4FF186B43" blockId="4.[151,1437,618,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="B940EAC8FFA1FF84FF06FCB4FEC26C0F" bold="true" box="[199,272,834,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Head:</emphasis>
Length
<quantity id="4CCC9B3FFFA1FF84FEB2FCB4FE1C6C0E" box="[371,462,834,861]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="4CCC9B3FFFA1FF84FDE7FCB4FD536C0E" box="[550,641,834,861]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
; light brown (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FCE7FCB4FCAE6C0F" box="[806,892,834,860]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[184,1403,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 18. Dorsal view; 19. Abdomen ventral view; 20. Abdomen dorsal view; 21. Posterior margin of abdominal terga V; 22. Antenna; 23 Labrum; 24. Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042530/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
); subquadrangular; anterior and lateral margins convex, with rows of hair-like setae directed anteriorly. Compound eyes black. Antennae with scape, pedicels and flagella light brown (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FE43FC7CFE046CF7" box="[386,470,906,932]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[184,1403,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 18. Dorsal view; 19. Abdomen ventral view; 20. Abdomen dorsal view; 21. Posterior margin of abdominal terga V; 22. Antenna; 23 Labrum; 24. Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042530/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
). Labrum brown with deep median notch on anterior margin, long hair-like setae laterally (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FF11FC58FEF66C9B" box="[208,292,942,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[184,1403,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 18. Dorsal view; 19. Abdomen ventral view; 20. Abdomen dorsal view; 21. Posterior margin of abdominal terga V; 22. Antenna; 23 Labrum; 24. Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042530/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). Hypopharynx as in
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FDD0FC58FDB06C9B" box="[529,610,942,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[184,1403,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 18. Dorsal view; 19. Abdomen ventral view; 20. Abdomen dorsal view; 21. Posterior margin of abdominal terga V; 22. Antenna; 23 Labrum; 24. Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042530/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
. Mandibles without scattered setae along the molar area; incisors serrated, outer incisor longer than inner incisor (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FD8CFC24FD026CBE" box="[589,720,978,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[151,1436,181,1360]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 25. Left mandible; 26. Right mandible; 27. Maxilla; 28. Labium; 29. Foreleg; 30. Midleg; 31. Hindleg; 31a. Dorsal surface of femur; 32. Claw; 33. Gill I; 34. Gill III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042532/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Figs 25–26</figureCitation>
). Maxilla as in
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FCBCFC24FC1D6CBF" box="[893,975,978,1004]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[151,1436,181,1360]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 25. Left mandible; 26. Right mandible; 27. Maxilla; 28. Labium; 29. Foreleg; 30. Midleg; 31. Hindleg; 31a. Dorsal surface of femur; 32. Claw; 33. Gill I; 34. Gill III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042532/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
. Labium (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FB80FC24FB406CBF" box="[1089,1170,978,1004]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[151,1436,181,1360]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 25. Left mandible; 26. Right mandible; 27. Maxilla; 28. Labium; 29. Foreleg; 30. Midleg; 31. Hindleg; 31a. Dorsal surface of femur; 32. Claw; 33. Gill I; 34. Gill III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042532/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
) as in the previous species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36DAFFA1FF84FF06FBECFADF6BF3" blockId="4.[151,1437,618,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="B940EAC8FFA1FF84FF06FBECFEFB6B67" bold="true" box="[199,297,1050,1076]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Thorax:</emphasis>
Pronotum pale brown with indistinct band in middle and pair of dark spots; mesonotum brown (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FAAEFBECFF646B0B" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[184,1403,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 18. Dorsal view; 19. Abdomen ventral view; 20. Abdomen dorsal view; 21. Posterior margin of abdominal terga V; 22. Antenna; 23 Labrum; 24. Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042530/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). Legs (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FED5FBC8FE4B6B0B" box="[276,409,1086,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[151,1436,181,1360]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 25. Left mandible; 26. Right mandible; 27. Maxilla; 28. Labium; 29. Foreleg; 30. Midleg; 31. Hindleg; 31a. Dorsal surface of femur; 32. Claw; 33. Gill I; 34. Gill III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042532/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Figs 29–31</figureCitation>
): Femora light brown, hypodermal spot on middle, outer margin with long setae and dark brown maculae medially; distal end with blunt spine; dorsal surface with scattered stout short thickened setae (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FAAEFB94FF116BF3" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[151,1436,181,1360]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 25. Left mandible; 26. Right mandible; 27. Maxilla; 28. Labium; 29. Foreleg; 30. Midleg; 31. Hindleg; 31a. Dorsal surface of femur; 32. Claw; 33. Gill I; 34. Gill III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042532/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Fig. 31a</figureCitation>
); tibia pale brown with long hair-like setae on outer margin; claw with 3 small denticles (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FB6DFB70FAD26BF3" box="[1196,1280,1158,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[151,1436,181,1360]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 25. Left mandible; 26. Right mandible; 27. Maxilla; 28. Labium; 29. Foreleg; 30. Midleg; 31. Hindleg; 31a. Dorsal surface of femur; 32. Claw; 33. Gill I; 34. Gill III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042532/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36DAFFA1FF84FF06FB5CFEB56A07" blockId="4.[151,1437,618,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="B940EAC8FFA1FF84FF06FB5CFE976B97" bold="true" box="[199,325,1194,1220]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Abdominal terga light brown, terga II–IX with pair of short submedian spines (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FB78FB5CFAE86B97" box="[1209,1338,1194,1220]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[184,1403,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 18. Dorsal view; 19. Abdomen ventral view; 20. Abdomen dorsal view; 21. Posterior margin of abdominal terga V; 22. Antenna; 23 Labrum; 24. Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042530/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Figs 18, 20</figureCitation>
); tergum II yellowish, terga III and IV with indistinct pale patches on middle, terga V–VIII with light middle band; terga II–IX with small setae along midline (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FD8AFB04FD726A5F" box="[587,672,1266,1292]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[184,1403,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 18. Dorsal view; 19. Abdomen ventral view; 20. Abdomen dorsal view; 21. Posterior margin of abdominal terga V; 22. Antenna; 23 Labrum; 24. Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042530/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
); segments II–VII with long postero-lateral extensions; sterna light yellowish without markings (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FE1EFAE0FDE06A63" box="[479,562,1302,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[184,1403,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 18. Dorsal view; 19. Abdomen ventral view; 20. Abdomen dorsal view; 21. Posterior margin of abdominal terga V; 22. Antenna; 23 Labrum; 24. Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042530/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Gill I triangular (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FCC7FAE0FC8B6A63" box="[774,857,1302,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[151,1436,181,1360]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 25. Left mandible; 26. Right mandible; 27. Maxilla; 28. Labium; 29. Foreleg; 30. Midleg; 31. Hindleg; 31a. Dorsal surface of femur; 32. Claw; 33. Gill I; 34. Gill III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042532/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
); gills II–VII oval (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FBF2FAE0FB556A63" box="[1075,1159,1302,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[151,1436,181,1360]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 25. Left mandible; 26. Right mandible; 27. Maxilla; 28. Labium; 29. Foreleg; 30. Midleg; 31. Hindleg; 31a. Dorsal surface of femur; 32. Claw; 33. Gill I; 34. Gill III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042532/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
). Cerci with row of hairlike setae dorsally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6551FFA1FF84FF06FAA8FABC6A93" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DAFFA1FF84FF06FAA8FABC6A93" blockId="4.[151,1437,618,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="B940EAC8FFA1FF84FF06FAA8FE966A2B" bold="true" box="[199,324,1374,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
The larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C344D59FFA1FF84FE14FAA9FD086A2B" authorityName="Braasch &amp; Soldan" authorityYear="1979" box="[469,730,1374,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus" subGenus="Epeorus">
<emphasis id="B940EAC8FFA1FF84FE14FAA9FDE06A2B" box="[469,562,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Epeorus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B940EAC8FFA1FF84FD80FAA9FD886A2B" box="[577,602,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">E.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B940EAC8FFA1FF84FDA8FAA8FD086A2B" box="[617,730,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">bifurcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other species of this genus by the following combination of characters: (i) posterior margin of abdominal terga II–IX with pair of short submedian spines (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FF5EFA50FEEA6A93" box="[159,312,1446,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[184,1403,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 18. Dorsal view; 19. Abdomen ventral view; 20. Abdomen dorsal view; 21. Posterior margin of abdominal terga V; 22. Antenna; 23 Labrum; 24. Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042530/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Figs 18 &amp; 20</figureCitation>
); terga II–IX with small setae along midline (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FCF4FA50FC5A6A93" box="[821,904,1446,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[184,1403,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 18. Dorsal view; 19. Abdomen ventral view; 20. Abdomen dorsal view; 21. Posterior margin of abdominal terga V; 22. Antenna; 23 Labrum; 24. Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042530/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
); and (iii) gill I larger than others (
<figureCitation id="130F2A5FFFA1FF84FACCFA50FAB26A93" box="[1293,1376,1446,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[151,1436,181,1360]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Larva of Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus 25. Left mandible; 26. Right mandible; 27. Maxilla; 28. Labium; 29. Foreleg; 30. Midleg; 31. Hindleg; 31a. Dorsal surface of femur; 32. Claw; 33. Gill I; 34. Gill III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5042532/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6551FFA1FF84FF06FA3CFC4D6AB6" box="[199,927,1482,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DAFFA1FF84FF06FA3CFC4D6AB6" blockId="4.[151,1437,618,1653]" box="[199,927,1482,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="B940EAC8FFA1FF84FF06FA3CFEB16AB7" bold="true" box="[199,355,1482,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F323764AFFA1FF84FEA8FA3CFE196AB7" box="[361,459,1482,1508]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F323764AFFA1FF84FE14FA3CFDEB6AB7" box="[469,569,1482,1508]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F323764AFFA1FF84FDAEFA3CFD7B6AB7" box="[623,681,1482,1508]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">India</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49F0F838FFA1FF84FD76FA3CFC416AB6" box="[695,915,1482,1509]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6551FFA1FF84FF06FA18FCAB6927" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DAFFA1FF84FF06FA18FCAB6927" blockId="4.[151,1437,618,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="B940EAC8FFA1FF84FF06FA18FEEF695B" bold="true" box="[199,317,1518,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Remarks:</emphasis>
The larva of this species was described from
<collectingCountry id="F323764AFFA1FF84FC87FA18FC77695B" box="[838,933,1518,1544]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
by Braasch &amp; Soldán (1979). Subsequently,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B2BFFA1FF84FF56F9E5FE4A697F" author="Nguyen, V. V. &amp; Bae, Y. J." box="[151,408,1554,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref10891" refString="Nguyen, V. V. &amp; Bae, Y. J. (2004) Larvae of the heptageniid mayfly genus Epeorus (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) from Vietnam. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 7, 19 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1226 - 8615 (08) 60197 - 1" type="journal article" year="2004">Nguyen &amp; Bae (2004)</bibRefCitation>
redescribed the larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C344D59FFA1FF84FD79F9E5FC98697F" authorityName="Braasch &amp; Soldan" authorityYear="1979" box="[696,842,1554,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus">
<emphasis id="B940EAC8FFA1FF84FD79F9E5FC98697F" box="[696,842,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">E. bifurcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based also on specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F323764AFFA1FF84FB75F9E4FAC5697F" box="[1204,1303,1554,1580]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B2BFFA1FF84FAE2F9E4FEBA6903" author="Braasch, D. &amp; Boonsoong, B." pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref10160" refString="Braasch, D. &amp; Boonsoong, B. (2010) A contribution to the Heptageniidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) of Thailand and Malaysia. Zootaxa, 2610, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2610.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Braasch &amp; Boonsoong (2010)</bibRefCitation>
reported this species from
<collectingCountry id="F323764AFFA1FF84FD55F9C0FD296903" box="[660,763,1590,1616]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Thailand</collectingCountry>
; we provide a supplementary larval description based on our material, which represents the first record of the species for
<collectingCountry id="F323764AFFA1FF84FCF9F9ACFCA76927" box="[824,885,1626,1652]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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