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<document id="42B0F64747C52D428C8F7A1E9053F16A" ID-CLB-Dataset="46353" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3768.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a21a2d8d-94b7-4b57-bcdd-495c6e5a54dc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="252337" ID-ZooBank="D223B938-DB44-4738-AA6D-9C5627B9C7A1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460389104374" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nagata, Renato Mitsuo, Júnior, Miodeli Nogueira &amp; Haddad, Maria Angélica" docDate="2014" docId="0385B265952F3A7F54D9FC2EFEAEFD4A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03768p326.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3768 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ectopleura dumortieri Van Beneden" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="301" masterDocId="FFBCCA1D95263A75544EFFC0FFF6FFE2" masterDocTitle="Faunistic survey of Hydromedusae (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) from the coast of Paraná State, Southern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="326" masterPageNumber="291" pageNumber="300" updateTime="1698298012810" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D2D2DA74F785F2333E489B54DD32EDF8">Faunistic survey of Hydromedusae (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) from the coast of Paraná State, Southern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C3A2AFB89D0EA23D1386746330621F6A">Nagata, Renato Mitsuo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="27E4A2D73A8F8475C82A09BCDAAA072D">Júnior, Miodeli Nogueira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DB52FA6C10941CB07E93BCEE0A1861AE">Haddad, Maria Angélica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B6C4858FBE8C6638A45C01F77A1C827F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D00FECDBB394590A081BCC7773534A76">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0385B265952F3A7F54D9FC2EFEAEFD4A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689021" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119416262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689021" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385B265952F3A7F54D9FC2EFEAEFD4A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0385B265952F3A7F54D9FC2EFEAEFD4A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="301" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">
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<heading id="D0DBB41F952F3A7C54D9FC2EFD95FBEA" bold="true" box="[151,611,1006,1032]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F0952F3A7C54D9FC2EFD95FBEA" authority="Van Beneden" authorityName="Van Beneden" box="[151,611,1006,1032]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Ectopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dumortieri">
<emphasis id="B958DF61952F3A7C54D9FC2EFD95FBEA" bold="true" box="[151,611,1006,1032]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">
<emphasis id="B958DF61952F3A7C54D9FC2EFE52FBEA" bold="true" box="[151,420,1006,1032]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">Ectopleura dumortieri</emphasis>
(Van Beneden)
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B930373952F3A7C54D9FBD1FF0EFBC8" blockId="9.[151,611,1006,1066]" box="[151,248,1041,1066]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">
(
<figureCitation id="13171FF6952F3A7C54D1FBD1FF07FBC8" box="[159,241,1041,1066]" captionStart="FIGURE 10 – 13" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,735,1766]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,735,1767]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 10 – 13. Ectopleura dumortieri (Van Beneden): lateral view (10); Aequorea forskalea Péron &amp; Lesueur: umbrellar margin, disposition of marginal tentacules and radial canals (11) and tentacular bulb (12). Rhacostoma atlanticum L. Agassiz: oral view, rows of gelatinous papillae between radial canals, one radial canal branching (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252341/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33650F8952F3A7C54D9FB99FEE9FB5B" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B930373952F3A7C54D9FB99FEE9FB5B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1113,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">
<emphasis id="B958DF61952F3A7C54D9FB99FE69FB90" bold="true" box="[151,415,1113,1138]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">References consulted.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952F3A7C55E2FB99FDBEFB90" author="Russell" box="[428,584,1113,1138]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" refString="Russell, F. S. (1953) The Medusae of the British Isles. Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. Cambridge University Press, London, 530 pp." type="book" year="1953">Russell 1953</bibRefCitation>
: 76–79, fig. 33 A–
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952F3A7C5778FB9AFC05FB90" author="Kramp" box="[822,1011,1113,1138]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the Medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 7 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">D. Kramp 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 34.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952F3A7C507BFB99FB17FB90" author="Bouillon" box="[1077,1249,1113,1138]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" refString="Bouillon, J. (1999) Hydromedusae. In: Boltovskoy, D. (Ed.), South Atlantic Zooplankton. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 385 - 465." type="book chapter" year="1999">Bouillon 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 420, fig. 3.68.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952F3A7C54D9FBBDFEBBFB74" author="Tronolone" box="[151,333,1149,1174]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" refString="Tronolone, V. B. (2001) Hidromedusas (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) do canal de Sao Sebastiao, SP. Master Thesis, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 184 pp." type="book" year="2001">Tronolone 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 80–83, fig. 19. Bouillon
<emphasis id="B958DF61952F3A7C5627FBBEFD56FB74" box="[617,672,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">et al.</emphasis>
2004: 105, fig. 55, G–
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952F3A7C57D1FBBEFB9DFB74" author="Tronolone" box="[927,1131,1149,1174]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" refString="Tronolone, V. B. (2007) Estudo faunistico e da distribuicao das hidromedusas (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) da regiao compreendida entre Cabo Frio (RJ) e Cabo de Santa Marta Grande (SC), Brasil. PhD Thesis, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 217 pp." type="book" year="2007">J. Tronolone 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 53–54, fig. 2.20;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952F3A7C517AFBBDFF24FB58" author="Nogueira" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" refString="Nogueira, M. (2012) Gelatinous zooplankton fauna (Cnidaria, Ctenophora and Thaliacea) from Baia da Babitonga (southern Brazil). Zootaxa, 3398, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2012">Nogueira 2012</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 7.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B958DF61952F3A7C5489FB05FEC0FB3C" bold="true" box="[199,310,1221,1246]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">Material.</emphasis>
Municipality of Pontal do Paraná, Balneário de Praia de Leste: (
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–
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):
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—
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–
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):
<date id="FF9225B3952F3A7C5682FB2AFCBCFAE0" box="[716,842,1258,1282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" value="1997-12-01">01/12/1997</date>
—
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):
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—
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; (
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):
<date id="FF9225B3952F3A7C5699FACEFCAFFAC4" box="[727,857,1294,1318]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" value="1997-12-22">22/12/1997</date>
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–
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):
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):
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):
<date id="FF9225B3952F3A7C511AFAF2FF38FA8C" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" value="1998-03-31">31/03/ 1998</date>
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):
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):
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—
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):
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<date id="FF9225B3952F3A7C5681FA5DFCB8FA54" box="[719,846,1437,1462]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" value="1998-10-02">02/10/1998</date>
—
<specimenCount id="9D2AC8FA952F3A7C5722FA5DFC0EFA54" box="[876,1016,1437,1462]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B930373952F3A7C5489FA01FEFEFA1C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1113,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">
<emphasis id="B958DF61952F3A7C5489FA01FDB5FA38" bold="true" box="[199,579,1473,1498]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">Reference specimens deposited.</emphasis>
Dzoo-Cn 239,
<specimenCount id="9D2AC8FA952F3A7C56B9FA01FC70FA38" box="[759,902,1473,1498]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
.
<collectionCode id="ED3D9BB6952F3A7C57DDFA02FC06FA38" box="[915,1008,1474,1498]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1490,
<specimenCount id="9D2AC8FA952F3A7C500CFA02FB24FA38" box="[1090,1234,1473,1498]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
.
<collectionCode id="ED3D9BB6952F3A7C5091FA02FACAFA38" box="[1247,1340,1474,1498]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1498,
<specimenCount id="9D2AC8FA952F3A7C51C0FA02FEF3FA1C" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B930373952F3A7C5489F9C9FE23F96C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1113,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">
<emphasis id="B958DF61952F3A7C5489F9C9FE42F9C0" bold="true" box="[199,436,1545,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">World distribution.</emphasis>
In the three great oceans, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, and extending toward cooler regions north and south (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952F3A7C5600F9EEFD16F9A4" author="Kramp" box="[590,736,1581,1606]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the Medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 7 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp 1961</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952F3A7C56A5F9EDFBFEF9A4" author="Santhakumari" box="[747,1032,1581,1606]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" refString="Santhakumari, V. &amp; Nair, R. V. (1997) Ecology of hydromedusae from Bombay Harbour-Thana and Bassein Creek Estuarine Complex. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 26, 162 - 168." type="journal article" year="1997">
Santhakumari
<emphasis id="B958DF61952F3A7C57C0F9EEFC30F9A4" box="[910,966,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">et al.</emphasis>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952F3A7C505AF9EDFAE5F9A4" author="Ballard" box="[1044,1299,1581,1606]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" refString="Ballard, L. &amp; Myers, A. (2000) Observations on the seasonal occurrence and abundance of gelatinous zooplankton in Lough Hyne, Co. Cork, South - West Ireland. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of The Royal Irish Academy, 100 (2), 75 - 83." type="journal article" year="2000">Ballard &amp; Myers 2000</bibRefCitation>
; Bouillon
<emphasis id="B958DF61952F3A7C51C6F9EEFF42F988" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">et al.</emphasis>
2004). In the western Atlantic, from New
<collectingCountry id="F33B43E3952F3A7C56D9F991FD03F988" box="[663,757,1617,1642]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">England</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="F33B43E3952F3A7C574BF992FCB6F988" box="[773,832,1618,1642]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">USA</collectingCountry>
) to
<collectingCountry id="F33B43E3952F3A7C5723F992FC30F98B" box="[877,966,1618,1641]" name="Panama" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952F3A7C579BF992FB91F988" author="Kramp" box="[981,1127,1617,1642]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the Medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 7 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp 1961</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952F3A7C503AF991FAA9F988" author="Miglietta" box="[1140,1375,1617,1642]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Rossi, M. &amp; Collin, R. (2008) Hydromedusa blooms and upwelling events in the Bay of Panama, Tropical East Pacific. Journal of Plankton Research, 30 (7), 783 - 793. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / plankt / fbn 038" type="journal article" year="2008">
Miglietta
<emphasis id="B958DF61952F3A7C50ADF992FAEAF988" box="[1251,1308,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="F33B43E3952F3A7C54D9F9B5FF2DF96C" box="[151,219,1653,1678]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Migotto
<emphasis id="B958DF61952F3A7C5503F9B6FE73F96C" box="[333,389,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">et al.</emphasis>
2002).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33650F8952F3A7C5489F959FADDF950" box="[199,1323,1689,1714]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B930373952F3A7C5489F959FADDF950" blockId="9.[151,1437,1113,2038]" box="[199,1323,1689,1714]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">
<emphasis id="B958DF61952F3A7C5489F959FE39F950" bold="true" box="[199,463,1689,1714]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">
Distribution in
<collectingCountry id="F33B43E3952F3A7C5530F959FE3FF950" box="[382,457,1689,1714]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
From the state of Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul (Migotto
<emphasis id="B958DF61952F3A7C50EDF95AFB2DF950" box="[1187,1243,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">et al.</emphasis>
2002).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33650F8952F3A7F5489F97DFEAEFD4A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="301" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B930373952F3A7C5489F97DFDB7F814" blockId="9.[151,1437,1113,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">
<emphasis id="B958DF61952F3A7C5489F97DFEAFF934" bold="true" box="[199,345,1725,1750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">Description.</emphasis>
Umbrella almost spherical,
<quantity id="4CD4AE96952F3A7C56D8F97DFCDAF937" box="[662,812,1725,1750]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" unit="mm" value="0.575" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.25">0.25–0.9 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Thick mesoglea with an apical thickening. Specimens very wrinkled and contracted, with mean size (
<quantity id="4CD4AE96952F3A7C5773F921FC6EF91B" box="[829,920,1761,1786]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
height) smaller than the sizes mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952F3A7C54D9F8C5FEB8F8FC" author="Bouillon" box="[151,334,1797,1822]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" refString="Bouillon, J. (1999) Hydromedusae. In: Boltovskoy, D. (Ed.), South Atlantic Zooplankton. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 385 - 465." type="book chapter" year="1999">Bouillon (1999)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952F3A7C55C2F8C5FDC2F8FC" author="Russell" box="[396,564,1797,1822]" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" refString="Russell, F. S. (1953) The Medusae of the British Isles. Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. Cambridge University Press, London, 530 pp." type="book" year="1953">Russell (1953)</bibRefCitation>
(
<quantity id="4CD4AE96952F3A7C5609F8C6FD5BF8FC" box="[583,685,1798,1822]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="300" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
). Short apical canal in a few individuals. Four radial canals and circular canal. Exumbrella with eight longitudinal cnidocyst rows, arranged in four pairs, extending from the tentacular bulbs to the apex (sometimes not reaching the apex). Manubrium long, extending to the umbrella margin (
<figureCitation id="13171FF6952F3A7C54D1F8B1FF0FF868" box="[159,249,1905,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 10 – 13" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,735,1766]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,735,1767]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 10 – 13. Ectopleura dumortieri (Van Beneden): lateral view (10); Aequorea forskalea Péron &amp; Lesueur: umbrellar margin, disposition of marginal tentacules and radial canals (11) and tentacular bulb (12). Rhacostoma atlanticum L. Agassiz: oral view, rows of gelatinous papillae between radial canals, one radial canal branching (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252341/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), or exceeding it. Simple and tubular mouth, armed with cnidocysts. In contracted specimens the manubrium almost fills the subumbrellar cavity. Gonads surrounding the manubrium, leaving the mouth free. Four brown tentacular bulbs. Very extendable tentacles, with clusters of cnidocysts on abaxial surface (
<figureCitation id="13171FF6952F3A7C510DF879FA79F830" box="[1347,1423,1977,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 10 – 13" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,735,1766]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,735,1767]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 10 – 13. Ectopleura dumortieri (Van Beneden): lateral view (10); Aequorea forskalea Péron &amp; Lesueur: umbrellar margin, disposition of marginal tentacules and radial canals (11) and tentacular bulb (12). Rhacostoma atlanticum L. Agassiz: oral view, rows of gelatinous papillae between radial canals, one radial canal branching (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252341/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="300">Fig.10</figureCitation>
). Tentacles usually coiled to each other.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B930373952C3A7F5489FF57FB38FE17" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">
<emphasis id="B958DF61952C3A7F5489FF57FE4AFF52" bold="true" box="[199,444,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">Systematic remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952C3A7F558AFF57FD71FF52" author="Schuchert" box="[452,647,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" refString="Schuchert, P. (2013) World Hydrozoa Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / hydrozoa (accessed 16 June 2013)" type="journal article" year="2013">Schuchert (2013)</bibRefCitation>
listed 31 species in the genus. However, most of the nominal species have been described only by part of their life cycle, such as the hydroid, newly released medusae, or adults (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952C3A7F54D0FF1FFE48FF1A" author="Bouillon" box="[158,446,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" refString="Bouillon, J. &amp; Boero, F. (2000) Synopsis of the families and genera of Hydromedusae of the world, with a list of the worldwide species. Thalassia Salentina, 24, 47 - 296." type="journal article" year="2000">Bouillon &amp; Boero 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Rearing experiments are thus necessary to elucidate the life cycles of the species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952C3A7F54D0FEC4FE45FEFE" author="Bouillon" box="[158,435,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" refString="Bouillon, J. &amp; Boero, F. (2000) Synopsis of the families and genera of Hydromedusae of the world, with a list of the worldwide species. Thalassia Salentina, 24, 47 - 296." type="journal article" year="2000">Bouillon &amp; Boero 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Genetic studies also have the potential to clarify species by linking different life-cycle stages (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952C3A7F54A3FEE7FE2CFEA2" author="Miranda" box="[237,474,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" refString="Miranda, L. S., Collins, A. G. &amp; Marques, A. C. (2010) Molecules clarify a cnidarian life cycle-The &quot; hydrozoan &quot; Microhydrula limopsicola is an early life stage of the staurozoan Haliclystus antarcticus. PLoS ONE, 5 (4), e 10182. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0010182" type="journal article" year="2010">
Miranda
<emphasis id="B958DF61952C3A7F5516FEE9FE65FEA2" box="[344,403,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). Only two species from the South Atlantic and
<collectingCountry id="F33B43E3952C3A7F505EFEE7FBA2FEA2" box="[1040,1108,295,320]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">Brazil</collectingCountry>
known to produce medusae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952C3A7F54D0FE8CFEB2FE86" author="Bouillon" box="[158,324,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" refString="Bouillon, J. (1999) Hydromedusae. In: Boltovskoy, D. (Ed.), South Atlantic Zooplankton. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 385 - 465." type="book chapter" year="1999">Bouillon 1999</bibRefCitation>
; Migotto
<emphasis id="B958DF61952C3A7F55FCFE8DFE1CFE87" box="[434,490,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
2002).
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F0952C3A7F560EFE8DFD2EFE87" box="[576,728,332,357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Ectopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dumortieri">
<emphasis id="B958DF61952C3A7F560EFE8DFD2EFE87" box="[576,728,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">E. dumortieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can easily be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F0952C3A7F501FFE8DFA6AFE86" authority="Migotto &amp; Marques" authorityName="Migotto &amp; Marques" box="[1105,1436,332,357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Ectopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obypa">
<emphasis id="B958DF61952C3A7F501FFE8DFB42FE87" box="[1105,1204,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">E. obypa</emphasis>
Migotto &amp; Marques
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of four tentacles in the first and only two in the second (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952C3A7F57F1FEAFFB12FE6A" author="Migotto" box="[959,1252,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" refString="Migotto, A. E. &amp; Marques, A. C. (1999) Hydroid and medusa stages of the new species Ectopleura obypa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Tubulariidae) from Brazil. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 112 (2), 303 - 312." type="journal article" year="1999">Migotto &amp; Marques 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952C3A7F50B6FEAFFA6AFE6A" author="Russell" box="[1272,1436,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" refString="Russell, F. S. (1953) The Medusae of the British Isles. Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. Cambridge University Press, London, 530 pp." type="book" year="1953">Russell (1953)</bibRefCitation>
commented that
<taxonomicName id="4C2C78F0952C3A7F5517FE55FE02FE4F" box="[345,500,404,429]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Ectopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dumortieri">
<emphasis id="B958DF61952C3A7F5517FE55FE02FE4F" box="[345,500,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">E. dumortieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
slightly differentiates in the course of its development, and that newly released medusae are about
<quantity id="4CD4AE96952C3A7F5522FE78FE5BFE2D" box="[364,429,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in height. In
<collectingCountry id="F33B43E3952C3A7F560EFE77FD71FE32" box="[576,647,439,464]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, specimens studied by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952C3A7F57C9FE77FBB6FE32" author="Vannucci" box="[903,1088,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" refString="Vannucci, M. (1957) On Brazilian Hydromedusae and their distribution in relation to different water masses. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 8 (1 - 2), 23 - 109. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241957000100002" type="journal article" year="1957">Vannucci (1957)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952C3A7F5038FE77FACBFE32" author="Tronolone" box="[1142,1341,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" refString="Tronolone, V. B. (2001) Hidromedusas (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) do canal de Sao Sebastiao, SP. Master Thesis, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 184 pp." type="book" year="2001">Tronolone (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, slightly larger than
<quantity id="4CD4AE96952C3A7F5558FE1CFEAFFE16" box="[278,345,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, already had well-developed gonads, similar to the animals found in this study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B930373952C3A7F5489FE3FFEAEFD4A" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">
<emphasis id="B958DF61952C3A7F5489FE3FFE73FDFA" bold="true" box="[199,389,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">Biological data.</emphasis>
The species was more abundant in the winter months, especially
<date id="FF9225B3952C3A7F50D4FDC0FAC4FDFA" box="[1178,1330,512,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" value="1998-08">August 1998</date>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952C3A7F510CFE3FFF17FDDF" author="Migotto" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow - water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto (1996)</bibRefCitation>
described the life cycle of populations from the Brazilian coast. The polyp is known in Paranaguá (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952C3A7F5170FDE4FF25FD82" author="Altvater" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" refString="Altvater, L. (2009) Composicao e sazonalidade de cnidarios em substrato artificial, na foz do rio Itibere, Baia de Paranagua, Parana. Master Thesis, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, 167 pp." type="book" year="2009">Altvater 2009</bibRefCitation>
), Cananéia (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952C3A7F552AFD87FDE2FD82" author="Vannucci" box="[356,532,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" refString="Vannucci, M. (1963) On the ecology of Brazilian medusae at 25 ° lat. S. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 13 (1), 143 - 184. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241963000100002" type="journal article" year="1963">Vannucci 1963</bibRefCitation>
), and São Sebastião (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952C3A7F575EFD87FC45FD82" author="Migotto" box="[784,947,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow - water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996</bibRefCitation>
). The medusa is euryhaline, occurring in estuaries such as Cananéia (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952C3A7F5594FDACFD7FFD67" author="Vannucci" box="[474,649,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" refString="Vannucci, M. (1957) On Brazilian Hydromedusae and their distribution in relation to different water masses. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 8 (1 - 2), 23 - 109. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241957000100002" type="journal article" year="1957">Vannucci 1957</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952C3A7F56D9FDACFD24FD67" author="Vannucci" box="[663,722,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" refString="Vannucci, M. (1963) On the ecology of Brazilian medusae at 25 ° lat. S. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 13 (1), 143 - 184. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241963000100002" type="journal article" year="1963">1963</bibRefCitation>
), Paranaguá (R. Nagata pers. obs.), and São Francisco do Sul (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD7E82952C3A7F54D0FD4FFEBAFD4A" author="Nogueira" box="[158,332,655,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" refString="Nogueira, M. (2012) Gelatinous zooplankton fauna (Cnidaria, Ctenophora and Thaliacea) from Baia da Babitonga (southern Brazil). Zootaxa, 3398, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2012">Nogueira 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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