167 lines
21 KiB
XML
167 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="13736CD65979907ECB6B5A69F9434D70" ID-CLB-Dataset="35812" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.619.8249" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3a922f94-8a24-4645-858a-3018c7020433" ID-PMC="PMC5090163" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-619-103" ID-PubMed="27829790" ID-ZooBank="DEE6785964AC4C3F8DF767A7BE1868FB" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-619-103" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 619" ModsDocTitle="Jewelled spider flies of North America: a revision and phylogeny of Eulonchus Gerstaecker (Diptera, Acroceridae)" checkinTime="1475024513610" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Borkent, Christopher J., Gillung, Jessica P. & Winterton, Shaun L." docDate="2016" docId="86BA920574CF650C5369E24818A52C7C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 619: 103-146" docOrigin="ZooKeys 619" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.619.8249" docTitle="Eulonchus sapphirinus Osten Sacken 1877" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="118" masterDocId="104EFFE02E29FFBF7B0C2941C856F05C" masterDocTitle="Jewelled spider flies of North America: a revision and phylogeny of Eulonchus Gerstaecker (Diptera, Acroceridae)" masterLastPageNumber="146" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="117" updateTime="1701383429452" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5DF660C363FC9EB73B5AFEA0D13554FC">
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<mods:title id="52397B343290BBAECFE45ADA920318EB">Jewelled spider flies of North America: a revision and phylogeny of Eulonchus Gerstaecker (Diptera, Acroceridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9095A5686E3A3A0D77FEF6EC9273D956">Borkent, Christopher J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A0D4455DE6F88A7EB5AC4B892B538973">Gillung, Jessica P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9A1F86404C4B195C197AF6577E4826FC">Winterton, Shaun L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="722CF7B31D4284C05F7D130692984CB7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1D4F406229A748B471E8BAF8F9C2C7C9">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DFD48D11F006A81952EE148AB045BFD4">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C50772165F6D8986934B7AFBCAD6FEA1" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E65E52C302358DDAC1F6AB3C2EE4B709">619</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7190D25654F40C92BFB193785D02D322">103</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="77238A1AFCAB990BFA509B84DFDD498B">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.619.8249</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="85E5BD3D86A7B9747D807B876609542A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9E831D37A821A9EBACC6B431B846C71B" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.619.8249</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="116091E5EDAA93FB79F1D8B36A67EAAC" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-619-103</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2FAFDDA87509BBC7C85EBC8FFE630101" type="ZooBank">DEE6785964AC4C3F8DF767A7BE1868FB</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="86BA920574CF650C5369E24818A52C7C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127859578" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:86BA920574CF650C5369E24818A52C7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/86BA920574CF650C5369E24818A52C7C" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="14" pageNumber="117">
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<subSubSection id="33AB753648FAB059C3C38FD95F649AB9" pageId="14" pageNumber="117" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="454580CBB5E0CE82B0AC1CCAC3BFFF53" pageId="14" pageNumber="117">Taxon classification Animalia Diptera Acroceridae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="41BBB37F110ACA4E2B4F4B919C8EA772" pageId="14" pageNumber="117" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5870F079DE1A7AAD41BDFFB38395A2D2" pageId="14" pageNumber="117">
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<taxonomicName id="76AF63F759F23C1B5B2634B937C08D75" ID-CoL="3CBW3" authority="Osten Sacken, 1877" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus sapphirinus" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapphirinus">Eulonchus sapphirinus Osten Sacken, 1877</taxonomicName>
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Figs 8, 9, 16D, 17D, 18D, 19D
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FE87DD946775732ADC47C998BF21168D" pageId="14" pageNumber="117" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="60F2852DD3A7A340965660F25DFB95F4" pageId="14" pageNumber="117">
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<taxonomicName id="09E098A76596AEF544C40EB22C39CCC8" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus sapphirinus" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapphirinus">Eulonchus sapphirinus</taxonomicName>
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Osten Sacken, 1877: 276
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="65BA3408A10AE48135056E337D8764F4" pageId="14" pageNumber="117" type="references">
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<paragraph id="2DC5C5457DFA5D2A8FA24A8D8BA74191" pageId="14" pageNumber="117">References.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="667C89E015F31860FD1B7D9AD8AD2810" pageId="14" pageNumber="117">
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<bibRefCitation id="13F27FD3FFA5E5405BB7930546CBB2D3" author="Osten Sacken, CR" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian miscellaneous Collections" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" title="Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America." volume="16" year="1878">Osten Sacken 1878</bibRefCitation>
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: 99 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="4C88B781A349D64BF3CB8668575F79B6" author="Melander, AL" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="26" pageNumber="129" pagination="178 - 182" title="Notes on the Acroceridae." volume="13" year="1902">Melander 1902</bibRefCitation>
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: 181 (California);
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<bibRefCitation id="BC1FF6060FECB3A483EFFEC0CFEA5509" author="Aldrich, JM" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian miscellaneous collections" pageId="25" pageNumber="128" title="A catalog of North American Diptera." volume="46" year="1905">Aldrich 1905</bibRefCitation>
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: 221 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="9096D302FB50ABFA0D0E7FCBC81981AE" author="Kertesz, K" journalOrPublisher="Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapest" pageId="26" pageNumber="129" title="Catalogus Dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Vol. 4, Oncodidae, Nemestrinidae, Mydaidae, Apioceridae, Asilidae." year="1909">
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<normalizedToken id="ABD0787E6E83E21BFCEA8AB7FB616BDE" originalValue="Kertész">Kertesz</normalizedToken>
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1909
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 12 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="CCA716D2B9605928FB45F65E8DE15B7A" author="Woodworth, CW" journalOrPublisher="The Law Press, Berkeley" pageId="28" pageNumber="131" title="Guide to California insects." url="10.5962/bhl.title.49919" year="1913">Woodworth 1913</bibRefCitation>
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: 152 (California);
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<bibRefCitation id="3E0C5E4138376D8B889744AC0CB5A2C0" author="Cole, FR" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="25" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 79" title="The dipterous family Cyrtidae in North America." volume="45" year="1919">Cole 1919</bibRefCitation>
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: 36 (key, notes, figs, California, Utah, Oregon),
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<bibRefCitation id="940248A94DBB9F07767AB388A4CA8212" author="Cole, FR" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="25" pageNumber="128" pagination="397 - 499" title="A study of the terminal abdominal structures of male Diptera." volume="16" year="1927">1927</bibRefCitation>
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: 422 (male genitalia);
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<bibRefCitation id="5319B58BE3D0A4C87B2F6D929F6CC93B" author="Cole, FR" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="26" pageNumber="129" pagination="197 - 344" title="An annotated list of the Diptera (flies) of Oregon." url="10.5962/bhl.title.57901" volume="11" year="1921">Cole and Lovett 1921</bibRefCitation>
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: 238 (Oregon);
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<bibRefCitation id="A35BD69ED0185CAEFFF66961AD761268" author="Brunetti, E" journalOrPublisher="The North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Entomology, Raleigh" pageId="25" pageNumber="128" url="10.1080/00222932608633552" year="1926">Brunetti 1926</bibRefCitation>
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: 582 (Washington);
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<bibRefCitation id="35C91B46644C6D750D0F67941CCAC685" author="Essig, EO" journalOrPublisher="Macmillan, New York" pageId="26" pageNumber="129" title="Insects of Western North America." year="1926">Essig 1926</bibRefCitation>
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: 559 (notes, California and Oregon);
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<bibRefCitation id="BE293A93042BFA8A8099E9EAB1EA35CF" author="Knowlton, GF" journalOrPublisher="200, Part 5" pageId="26" pageNumber="129" title="Insects of Utah: Diptera. Utah Agricultural Experiment Station Mimeograph Series, Technical, No." year="1939">Knowlton et al. 1939</bibRefCitation>
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: 6 (Utah);
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<bibRefCitation id="BE27E09B4DF53E99ED39483C52A7399C" author="Sabrosky, CW" journalOrPublisher="The American Midland Naturalist Journal" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" pagination="382 - 430" title="A further contribution to the classification of the North American spider parasites of the Acroceratidae (Diptera)." url="10.2307/2421592" volume="39" year="1948">Sabrosky 1948</bibRefCitation>
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: 389 (key, notes);
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<bibRefCitation id="9ECEC463A28121CDBD9E4872EED61457" pageId="14" pageNumber="117">Schlinger 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 404 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="55512B2119E620C679D3DE73542984A9" author="Cole, FR" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="26" pageNumber="129" title="The Flies of Western North America" year="1969">Cole 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 221 (notes);
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<bibRefCitation id="102C1E0A31B5193D4B6CF8FADA0F40E0" author="Poole, RW" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Information Service, Rockville" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" title="Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A checklist of the insects of North America" year="1996">Poole 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: 36 (checklist).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A994D784C1C8D1651D80806D12B44F84" pageId="14" pageNumber="117" type="common name">
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<paragraph id="DC422CD204AA4EF9F579ECA2EE0AF21F" pageId="14" pageNumber="117">Common name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7788F934C089530161BC1694FBED173F" pageId="14" pageNumber="117">Northern Sapphire or Emerald.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FC5CF7ADDC78F481B1D2B14BA5788A7" pageId="14" pageNumber="117" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E826770AF8186A8C3632E36A1CAD4AB4" pageId="14" pageNumber="117">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="12BBF960B732685D816E68EBB919E1F8" pageId="14" pageNumber="117">Antennal flagellum relatively short, cylindrical or tapered; proboscis straight, shorter than length of body; ocellar tubercle trifurcate; legs yellow; calypter margin pale; body colour metallic green, blue or purple.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="03E544F6FC1C89B0ED1B887F48FE740A" pageId="14" pageNumber="117" type="redescription">
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<paragraph id="1612AAAF30063B281A1E1B206980F884" pageId="14" pageNumber="117">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BAD2BAA741B5A6146C95C84FC917EF3F" pageId="14" pageNumber="117">Body length: 8.3-11.9 mm, Wing length: 7.1-12.0 mm. Head. Flagellum red-brown or dark brown, male flagellum cylindrical, shorter than head height; scape and pedicel brown; clypeus elongate, extending beyond oral cavity, rounded with flat area dorsally, surface glossy, glabrous, black-brown; labial palp brown, length extending anteriorly beyond proboscis at point of attachment; margin of oral cavity (parafacial) pilose, proboscis length extending to middle of abdomen or equal to abdomen length; ocellar tubercle trifurcate, processes relatively short, subequal (posteromedial processes rounded), height equal to width; median ocellus present, greatly reduced or absent; occiput metallic green-blue, blue or purple, pile densely white or yellow. Thorax. Metallic green, blue or purple, setal pile white or yellow; coxae brown or black with metallic blue (and purple) sheen; femora yellow; tibiae dark yellow; tarsi dark yellow (distal tarsomeres often darker); calypter margin yellow to light brown, membrane transparent or translucent; haltere entirely light brown to yellow. Abdomen. Colour highly variable, metallic olive green, bright green or blue violet, vestiture white or yellow, dominant setae appressed or erect, pile posteriorly directed, marginal band of dense thicker setae on T3-4, or laterally directed pile on T2-4. Male genitalia (Figs 17D, 18D, 19D). Epandrium ovate, thinned at the apex, with posterior margin slightly concave; gonocoxite taller than wide, with broad fenestrae; aedeagus broad at the apex, bilobate in posterior view, not heavily sclerotized laterally.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="563D45841E90791B3F4D87732F4550BB" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="14" pageNumber="117" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="01AD8733B42E7DA614FE85370B51ADB9" pageId="14" pageNumber="117">Type material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B2CEC01BC7898EF5E46A51D47722B315" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="14" pageNumber="117">
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Lectotype male (designated here), MCZ, "Webber Lake, Cal/ July 23. O Sacken" [white]; "West. Dipt./ O. Sacken." [white]; "TYPE/ 4/ 1076" [red and white]; "MC-ENT/ 00303277" [white]; "LECTOTYPE ♂/
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<taxonomicName id="8400C1C52EBAC7EADC4B7D55DB2686C6" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus sapphirinus" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapphirinus">Eulonchus sapphirinus</taxonomicName>
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/ Osten Sacken/ Des. C.J. Borkent 2015" [red]; specimen condition: excellent, no parts missing. Body length: 9.2 mm, wing length: 8.7 mm. Paralectotype female, MCZ, "Webber Lake, Cal./ July 23. O. Sack." [white]; "O. Sacken./ West. Dipt." [white]; "Type/ 5/ 1076" [red and white]; " MCZ-ENT/ 00303278" [white]; "PARALECTOTYPE ♀/
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<taxonomicName id="4F994A11521F199A52C822ED2AF68379" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus sapphirinus" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapphirinus">Eulonchus sapphirinus</taxonomicName>
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/ Osten Sacken/ Det. C.J. Borkent 2015" [yellow]; specimen condition: excellent, no parts missing. Paralectotype male, MCZ, "Webber Lake,/ Cal. July 26./ O. Sacken" [white]; "O. Sacken./ West. Dipt." [white]; "Type/ 3/ 1076" [red and white]; " MCZ-ENT/ 00303276" [white]; "PARALECTOTYPE ♂/
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<taxonomicName id="C135906075BC189355962D0312509ABA" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus sapphirinus" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapphirinus">Eulonchus sapphirinus</taxonomicName>
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/ Osten Sacken/ Det. C.J. Borkent 2015" [yellow]; specimen condition: very good, tarsi of both mid legs missing, genetic anomaly with only one antenna present. Paralectotype male, paralectotype female [mating pair on same pin], MCZ, "Webber Lake, Cal./ July 26 O. Sacken" [white]; "O. Sacken./ West. Dipt." [white]; "Aug-Dec
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<pageBreakToken id="AE7C668B200AB182D55F17CF5FF2F478" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" start="start">2006</pageBreakToken>
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/ MCZ Image/ Database" [white]; "
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<taxonomicName id="DDD8F6C661CEF4D109426BC5A768EF59" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eulonchus</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="28852FE1D87323561312FC3BD397CD2F" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus sapphirinus" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapphirinus">sapphirinus</taxonomicName>
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/ O.S." [white]; " MCZ-ENT/ 00001076" [white]; "PARALECTOTYPE ♂/
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<taxonomicName id="082E1D0E5E09AB65C5DBB7307118E5FC" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus sapphirinus" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapphirinus">Eulonchus sapphirinus</taxonomicName>
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/ Osten Sacken/ Det. C.J. Borkent 2015" [yellow]; specimen condition: male, very good, tarsi of hind legs missing, left flagellum missing; female, excellent, no parts missing.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2FCB9FAEF5E785DB8FE5805FA352B8B1" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4757C963D0F5D047D0CB61714B5994C0" pageId="15" pageNumber="118">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8382EDFCA81A8A9729D322C014874D0B" pageId="15" pageNumber="118">Listed in Table 3 (Suppl. material 1).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="36248FB534990FE3936EC11086FC6CD5" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="D7AB9053E02120174FBEB87A139D7EED" pageId="15" pageNumber="118">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F5BE1AC2D03F4233E3B6A4AC08AEB631" pageId="15" pageNumber="118">(Fig. 20). Nearctic: California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington (USA); British Columbia (Canada).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3E2A7328FF6B8048E316A211328FF23B" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" type="ecology">
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<paragraph id="6321326AF0AA5221EC3894F65584954B" pageId="15" pageNumber="118">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D5D7B22BCAC0CBA670ADBB9CED90E062" pageId="15" pageNumber="118">
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<taxonomicName id="9465AE3DE7F963ED27B63045E168CA8B" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus sapphirinus" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapphirinus">Eulonchus sapphirinus</taxonomicName>
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has been recorded visiting the flowers of 19 different plant families and 30 different species (Table 2).
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<taxonomicName id="9B5DADC9FDE4986504CCAA43FF596BE0" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus sapphirinus" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapphirinus">Eulonchus sapphirinus</taxonomicName>
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adults have been observed exhibiting strong fidelity to a single flowering plant species, suggesting their role as important pollinators (
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<bibRefCitation id="423BC90519F89F0C99979BCBE830FA7B" author="Borkent, CJ" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="25" pageNumber="128" pagination="250 - 256" title="Flower-visiting and mating behaviour of Eulonchussapphirinus (Diptera: Acroceridae)." url="10.4039/n07-060" volume="140" year="2008 a">Borkent and Schlinger 2008a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="138FDCFF16C35066A75D835B81A34219" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="1AC625A64C81ED86B84937BC1ED630D8" pageId="15" pageNumber="118">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A49B11A931C5EFC89DEBDE0FCA2CE085" pageId="15" pageNumber="118">Host unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E8EB482A063F952F109AA53C9B7B4E39" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" type="comments">
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<paragraph id="E73C60263EE6A136E80CA17AF6D526DD" pageId="15" pageNumber="118">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B294895782AF3252D9B3D3C65A6E0AEF" pageId="15" pageNumber="118">
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<taxonomicName id="A9B06B8384D5412FD9FD4250A8907E6E" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus sapphirinus" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapphirinus">Eulonchus sapphirinus</taxonomicName>
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is the sister species to the eastern
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<taxonomicName id="014D3926F28A13488C61D304FDB6EAB9" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus marialiciae" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marialiciae">Eulonchus marialiciae</taxonomicName>
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as both have characteristic bright green metallic colouration, short proboscis, yellow legs and similar shaped male genitalia. The shape of the antennal flagellum and colour of calypter separate the two species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |