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58 KiB
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544 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e3ab2700-b888-4721-b7c1-fcb2d0bb38b2" ID-PMC="PMC8233300" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1045-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA" ID-PubMed="34228772" ID-ZooBank="2C3076FD13FB4842A7F6B0EBE9B23795" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1045-1" checkinTime="1624048151249" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Giron, Jennifer C. & Short, Andrew Edward Z." docDate="2021" docId="860DF4E4B70AE877796325D295B04CDA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1045: 1-236" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1045" docPubDate="2021-06-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810" docTitle="Novochares Giron & Short 2021, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="9E46D713-DA7C-46B6-B407-E99C490CFD32" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA" masterDocTitle="The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species" masterLastPageNumber="236" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668150528805" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Giron, Jennifer C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA & Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">entiminae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-06-18</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1045</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>236</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1045-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2C3076FD13FB4842A7F6B0EBE9B23795</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182959273" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9E46D713-DA7C-46B6-B407-E99C490CFD32" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/860DF4E4B70AE877796325D295B04CDA" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/9E46D713-DA7C-46B6-B407-E99C490CFD32" authority="Girón & Short" authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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Novochares
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
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& Short
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Variation across Acidocerinae, dorsal and lateral views A Colossochares ellipticus B Peltochares sp. C Peltochares conspicuus D Aulonochares tubulus E Helochares sp. F Helochares tristis G Novochares sp. H Helopeltarium ferrugineum I Batochares sp. J Helobata larvalis K Radicitus sp. L Nanosaphes tricolor M Agraphydrus cf. attenuatus N Tobochares luteomargo O Tobochares sulcatus P Quadriops similaris Q Crucisternum ouboteri R Primocerus neutrum S Agraphydrus coomani T Agraphydrus sp. U Globulosis flavus V Crephelochares nitescens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557400" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1G</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogeny of the Acidocerinae simplified from Short et al. (2021), indicating the distribution, preferred habitat, and currently described number of species for each genus. For habitat, filled black circles indicate that at least some species of the genus are commonly found in this habitat; light grey circles indicate the genus has been found in this habitat, but is rare or not typical for the group; white circles indicate no species have been recorded for the genus in this habitat." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557401" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Known distribution of genera of Acidocerinae: Novochares, Peltochares, Primocerus, Quadriops, Radicitus, Sindolus, Tobochares, and Troglochares." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557405" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Habitus of Novochares spp. A-C N. sallaei: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F N. sp. (Peru): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557441" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 42</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Aedeagi of Novochares spp. A N. sp. (Ecuador) B N. abbreviatus C N. pallipes D N. chaquensis E N. atratus F N. pichilingue G N. cf. tectiformis H N. cf. coya I N. cf. guadelupensis J N. cf. cochlearis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557442" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 43</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Girón & Short, 2021" authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Helochares</taxonomicName>
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"Clade D",
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="380 - 395" refId="B274" refString="Short, AEZ, Giron, JC, Toussaint, EFA, 2021. Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America. Systematic Entomology 46 (2): 380 - 395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" title="Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" volume="46" year="2021">Short et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="gender">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gender.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Masculine.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez" authorityYear="1982" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares tectiformis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tectiformis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares tectiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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, 1982b; by present designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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From the Latin word
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">novus</emphasis>
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, meaning new, in reference to the genus being restricted to the New World, combined with the ending
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">chares</emphasis>
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, expressing affinity with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Masculine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Medium sized beetles, body length 4.5-9.0 mm. Body shape oval in dorsal view; slightly to moderately convex in lateral view, with dorsal outline nearly flat along anterior half of elytra, or somewhat evenly curved (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Habitus of Novochares spp. A-C N. sallaei: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F N. sp. (Peru): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557441" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42</figureCitation>
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). Coloration usually uniformly dark brown, sometimes orange or pale brown; ground punctation shallow to moderately marked (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Habitus of Novochares spp. A-C N. sallaei: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F N. sp. (Peru): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557441" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42</figureCitation>
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). Shape of head trapezoid. Eyes relatively large, not emarginated anteriorly, usually projected from outline of head. Clypeus trapezoid, with anterior margin broadly and roundly emarginate. Labrum fully exposed. Mentum with lateral longitudinal crenulations, lateral oblique ridges, and transverse crenulations along antero-medial area (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Habitus of Novochares spp. A-C N. sallaei: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F N. sp. (Peru): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557441" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42C, F</figureCitation>
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). Antennae with nine antennomeres; cupule strongly asymmetric, with rounded outline; antennomere 9 slightly to 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than antennomere 7. Maxillary palps slender, moderately long, 1.1-1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the width of head; inner margin of maxillary palpomere 2 weakly and evenly curved to nearly straight, outer margin evenly curved or curved along apical half; maxillary palpomere 3 slightly longer than 4 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Habitus of Novochares spp. A-C N. sallaei: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F N. sp. (Peru): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557441" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42C, F</figureCitation>
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). Prosternum flat to weakly convex. Elytra without sutural striae, with ground punctures usually shallowly marked; usually at least one row of systematic punctures visible along midline of each elytron; serial punctures sometimes visible along posterior half of elytra (e.g., Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Habitus of Novochares spp. A-C N. sallaei: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F N. sp. (Peru): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557441" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42D</figureCitation>
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). Posterior elevation of mesoventrite, usually simply bulging, sometimes bulge impressed posteriorly, sometimes bulge extends anteriorly as low, shiny, and glabrous longitudinal ridge; anapleural sutures concave, separated at anterior margin by distance 0.6-0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the width of anterior margin of mesepisternum. Metaventrite with medial glabrous patch, sometimes very narrow and extending along entire length of metaventrite (e.g., Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Habitus of Novochares spp. A-C N. sallaei: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D-F N. sp. (Peru): D dorsal habitus E lateral habitus F ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557441" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42C, F</figureCitation>
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). Protibiae with spines of anterior row extremely reduced to tiny appressed denticles. Metafemora with tibial grooves well developed; hydrofuge pubescence covering basal 6/7 of anterior surface. Tarsomeres 1-4 with long, thick, and rather dense setae on ventral face, sometimes with only rows of short spines on metatarsomeres 2-4; metatarsomere 2 as long or slightly longer than 5 and as 3 and 4 combined. Fifth abdominal ventrite apically emarginate, with fringe of stout setae. Aedeagus divided (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Aedeagi of Novochares spp. A N. sp. (Ecuador) B N. abbreviatus C N. pallipes D N. chaquensis E N. atratus F N. pichilingue G N. cf. tectiformis H N. cf. coya I N. cf. guadelupensis J N. cf. cochlearis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557442" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">43</figureCitation>
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); parameres separated from each other for most of their lengths; median lobe divided in dorsal and ventral plates; dorsal plate usually strongly sclerotized and elongated, often bifurcated or otherwise shaped along apical region; ventral plate sometimes reduced, usually simple and of variable length; basal piece 0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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or less than length of parameres, usually clearly noticeable; gonopore usually clearly visible.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557441" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 42" startId="F42">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 42.</emphasis>
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Habitus of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. sallaei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sallaei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. sallaei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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dorsal habitus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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lateral habitus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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ventral habitus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D-F</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N.</emphasis>
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sp. (Peru):
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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dorsal habitus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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lateral habitus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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ventral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557442" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 43" startId="F43">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 43.</emphasis>
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Aedeagi of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N.</emphasis>
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sp. (Ecuador)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. abbreviatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. pallipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pallipes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pallipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chaquensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chaquensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. chaquensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. atratus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="atratus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. atratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. pichilingue" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pichilingue">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pichilingue</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. tectiformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tectiformis">N. cf. tectiformis</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. coya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="coya">N. cf. coya</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. guadelupensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="guadelupensis">N. cf. guadelupensis</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. cochlearis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cochlearis">N. cf. cochlearis</taxonomicName>
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. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes medium sized, pale to dark brown species that are somewhat dorsoventrally compressed and highly polished (smooth, and often shiny) to the naked eye. In the New World the most similar genus is
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Aulonochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulonochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aulonochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which it can be differentiated by the shape of the head [trapezoid in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subquadrate in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Aulonochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulonochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aulonochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Head of miscellaneous Acidocerinae A-D anterolateral view: A Tobochares luteomargo with white arrow pointing to straight anterior margin of eye B Tobochares emarginatus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus emarginating anterior margin of eye C Quadriops politus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus fully dividing the eye in dorsal and ventral faces D Batochares sp. black arrow pointing to transverse carina on labrum E-L dorsal view of head: E Batochares sp. F Helochares tristis G Crephelochares nitescens, H Chasmogenus australis with black arrow pointing to preclypeal membrane I Colossochares ellipticus J Aulonochares tubulus K Peltochares conspicuus L Helobata larvalis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557410" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11J</figureCitation>
|
||
)], and the sculpture of the mentum (variously striate in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, punctate in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Aulonochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulonochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aulonochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Some members of the New World
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their external features, but the aedeagal form is completely different (tubular in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aedeagi A-E trilobed: A schematic B Chasmogenus schmits C, D spiked: C schematic D Peltochares foveicollis E, F tubular: E schematic F Helochares politus G, H divided: G schematic H Novochares pallipes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figure 37. Aedeagi A-H Helochares spp.: A H. sp. (Guinea) B H. tristis C H. nr. cresphontes D H. nr. tatei E H. sp. (India, Goa) F H. sp. (Vietnam) G H. politus H H. songi (from Jia and Tang 2018, fig. 48) I Helopeltarium ferrugineum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557436" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">37</figureCitation>
|
||
; divided in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aedeagi A-E trilobed: A schematic B Chasmogenus schmits C, D spiked: C schematic D Peltochares foveicollis E, F tubular: E schematic F Helochares politus G, H divided: G schematic H Novochares pallipes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Aedeagi of Novochares spp. A N. sp. (Ecuador) B N. abbreviatus C N. pallipes D N. chaquensis E N. atratus F N. pichilingue G N. cf. tectiformis H N. cf. coya I N. cf. guadelupensis J N. cf. cochlearis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557442" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">43</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
From the rest of acidocerines,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
externally is strikingly similar to the dark and highly polished members of the Old World genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Variation across Acidocerinae, dorsal and lateral views A Colossochares ellipticus B Peltochares sp. C Peltochares conspicuus D Aulonochares tubulus E Helochares sp. F Helochares tristis G Novochares sp. H Helopeltarium ferrugineum I Batochares sp. J Helobata larvalis K Radicitus sp. L Nanosaphes tricolor M Agraphydrus cf. attenuatus N Tobochares luteomargo O Tobochares sulcatus P Quadriops similaris Q Crucisternum ouboteri R Primocerus neutrum S Agraphydrus coomani T Agraphydrus sp. U Globulosis flavus V Crephelochares nitescens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557400" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1B</figureCitation>
|
||
vs 1G), from which
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by the shape of the posterior elevation of the mesoventrite (simply and broadly bulging, often with additional anterior low longitudinal ridge in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, longitudinally elevated in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in addition to characteristics of the male genitalia (divided aedeagus in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aedeagi A-E trilobed: A schematic B Chasmogenus schmits C, D spiked: C schematic D Peltochares foveicollis E, F tubular: E schematic F Helochares politus G, H divided: G schematic H Novochares pallipes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Aedeagi of Novochares spp. A N. sp. (Ecuador) B N. abbreviatus C N. pallipes D N. chaquensis E N. atratus F N. pichilingue G N. cf. tectiformis H N. cf. coya I N. cf. guadelupensis J N. cf. cochlearis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557442" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">43</figureCitation>
|
||
), spiked aedeagus in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Peltochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peltochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aedeagi A-E trilobed: A schematic B Chasmogenus schmits C, D spiked: C schematic D Peltochares foveicollis E, F tubular: E schematic F Helochares politus G, H divided: G schematic H Novochares pallipes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figure 45. Aedeagi of Peltochares spp. A P. conspicuus B P. foveicollis C P. sp. (Australia) D P. sp. (Tanzania;). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557444" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">45</figureCitation>
|
||
); see also explanation under the aedeagus section of Morphological variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zaitzev" baseAuthorityYear="1908" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acidocerinae">Acidocerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its taxonomic importance).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
To differentiate
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from dark brown, relatively flattened, highly polished, and 4-5 mm long species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the most reliable feature for identification would be the male genitalia:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
always exhibit divided aedeagi (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aedeagi A-E trilobed: A schematic B Chasmogenus schmits C, D spiked: C schematic D Peltochares foveicollis E, F tubular: E schematic F Helochares politus G, H divided: G schematic H Novochares pallipes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Aedeagi of Novochares spp. A N. sp. (Ecuador) B N. abbreviatus C N. pallipes D N. chaquensis E N. atratus F N. pichilingue G N. cf. tectiformis H N. cf. coya I N. cf. guadelupensis J N. cf. cochlearis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557442" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">43</figureCitation>
|
||
; parameres separated from each other for most of their lengths, dorsal plate of the median lobe usually strongly sclerotized, elongated, often bifurcated or otherwise shaped along its apical region), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the aedeagi are always tubular (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aedeagi A-E trilobed: A schematic B Chasmogenus schmits C, D spiked: C schematic D Peltochares foveicollis E, F tubular: E schematic F Helochares politus G, H divided: G schematic H Novochares pallipes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figure 37. Aedeagi A-H Helochares spp.: A H. sp. (Guinea) B H. tristis C H. nr. cresphontes D H. nr. tatei E H. sp. (India, Goa) F H. sp. (Vietnam) G H. politus H H. songi (from Jia and Tang 2018, fig. 48) I Helopeltarium ferrugineum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557436" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">37A-H</figureCitation>
|
||
; parameres fused to each other for most of their lengths, median lobe with very long basal apodemes; see also explanation under the aedeagus section of Morphological variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zaitzev" baseAuthorityYear="1908" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acidocerinae">Acidocerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its taxonomic importance).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nearctic</emphasis>
|
||
: U.S.A. (Florida; thought to be introduced).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neotropical</emphasis>
|
||
: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
|
||
Santo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Piauí">Piaui</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Rio de Janeiro,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Guadeloupe, St. Vincent), Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Known distribution of genera of Acidocerinae: Novochares, Peltochares, Primocerus, Quadriops, Radicitus, Sindolus, Tobochares, and Troglochares." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557405" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur in a broad range of both lentic and lotic habitats; we are not aware of any seepage specialists in this lineage. Some species such as the widespread
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. abbreviatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fabricius) are found in lentic habitats including marshes, swamps, and pond margins (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Koleopterologische Rundschau" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="191 - 226" publicationUrl="http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KOR_75_2005_0191-0226.pdf" refId="B261" refString="Short, AEZ, 2005. A review of the subtribe Acidocerina of Central America with special reference to Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Koleopterologische Rundschau 75: 191 - 226, http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KOR_75_2005_0191-0226.pdf" title="A review of the subtribe Acidocerina of Central America with special reference to Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." url="http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KOR_75_2005_0191-0226.pdf" volume="75" year="2005">Short 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Forest pools with abundant leaf litter detritus are often very productive for a variety of species.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares atlanticus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares atlanticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Clarkson and Ferreira-Jr.) was collected at temporary ponds with leaf litter and aquatic vegetation, either covered and shaded in the border of the forest (Clarkson and Ferreira-Jr. 2014), or in open areas. Some species come to lights.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, LA" journalOrPublisher="Limnobios" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="439 - 449" refId="B105" refString="Fernandez, LA, 1983. Helochares (Sindolus) talarum sp. nov., y redescripcion de Helochares (Helochares) pallipes (Brulle), con descripcion de los estados preimaginales (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Limnobios 2 (6): 439 - 449" title="Helochares (Sindolus) talarum sp. nov., y redescripcion de Helochares (Helochares) pallipes (Brulle), con descripcion de los estados preimaginales (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." volume="2" year="1983">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1983)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in describing the immature stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. pallipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pallipes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pallipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brullé">Brulle</normalizedToken>
|
||
), indicated that the species was found on coastal zones, associated with swamp plants (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Spirodela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spirodela intermedia" order="Alismatales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spirodela intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Alismatales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larvae">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larvae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The immature stages are only known for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares pallipes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares pallipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brullé">Brulle</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (described as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Helochares</taxonomicName>
|
||
(s. str.)
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="E.Blanchard" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares pallipes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes">Helochares pallipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brullé">Brulle</normalizedToken>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, LA" journalOrPublisher="Limnobios" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="439 - 449" refId="B105" refString="Fernandez, LA, 1983. Helochares (Sindolus) talarum sp. nov., y redescripcion de Helochares (Helochares) pallipes (Brulle), con descripcion de los estados preimaginales (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Limnobios 2 (6): 439 - 449" title="Helochares (Sindolus) talarum sp. nov., y redescripcion de Helochares (Helochares) pallipes (Brulle), con descripcion de los estados preimaginales (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." volume="2" year="1983">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
1983
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 444); egg sac, first, second and third instar larvae, and pupa are described and illustrated. From each egg sac, 80-103 larvae emerged (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, LA" journalOrPublisher="Limnobios" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="439 - 449" refId="B105" refString="Fernandez, LA, 1983. Helochares (Sindolus) talarum sp. nov., y redescripcion de Helochares (Helochares) pallipes (Brulle), con descripcion de los estados preimaginales (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Limnobios 2 (6): 439 - 449" title="Helochares (Sindolus) talarum sp. nov., y redescripcion de Helochares (Helochares) pallipes (Brulle), con descripcion de los estados preimaginales (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." volume="2" year="1983">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
1983
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="taxonomic history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomic history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been described since as early as 1801, but it was only with the investigations by
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
in the 1980's (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, LA" journalOrPublisher="Limnobios" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="189 - 192" refId="B102" refString="Fernandez, LA, 1981. Dos especies nuevas del genero Helochares (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Limnobios 2 (3): 189 - 192" title="Dos especies nuevas del genero Helochares (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." volume="2" year="1981">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
1981
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, LA" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 40" refId="B103" refString="Fernandez, LA, 1982a. Notas sobre el genero Helochares (Insecta, Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Neotropica 8 (79): 31 - 40" title="Notas sobre el genero Helochares (Insecta, Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." volume="8" year="1982 a">1982a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, LA" journalOrPublisher="b" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 90" refId="B104" refString="Fernandez, LA, 1982b. Cinco especies nuevas del genero Helochares (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Physis (Buenos Aires), secc. b 40 (99): 85 - 90" title="Cinco especies nuevas del genero Helochares (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Physis (Buenos Aires), secc." volume="40" year="1982 b">1982b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, LA" journalOrPublisher="Limnobios" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="439 - 449" refId="B105" refString="Fernandez, LA, 1983. Helochares (Sindolus) talarum sp. nov., y redescripcion de Helochares (Helochares) pallipes (Brulle), con descripcion de los estados preimaginales (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Limnobios 2 (6): 439 - 449" title="Helochares (Sindolus) talarum sp. nov., y redescripcion de Helochares (Helochares) pallipes (Brulle), con descripcion de los estados preimaginales (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." volume="2" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, LA" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="145 - 151" refId="B107" refString="Fernandez, LA, 1989. Notas sobre el genero Helochares. II (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Descripcion de dos especies nuevas neotropicales. Clave para determinar las especies argentinas y de areas vecinas. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 45 (1-4): 145 - 151" title="Notas sobre el genero Helochares. II (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Descripcion de dos especies nuevas neotropicales. Clave para determinar las especies argentinas y de areas vecinas." volume="45" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that the group was studied in a comparative taxonomic framework beyond the description of single species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
There are 15 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described to date. Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tend to have moderate to shallow punctation and serial punctures are usually absent. There is a group of species with serial punctures visible along the posterior half to third of the elytra (Clade D1 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="380 - 395" refId="B274" refString="Short, AEZ, Giron, JC, Toussaint, EFA, 2021. Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America. Systematic Entomology 46 (2): 380 - 395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" title="Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" volume="46" year="2021">Short et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="species examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Species examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares abbreviatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares abbreviatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fabricius),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. carmona" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="carmona">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. carmona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Short),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chaquensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chaquensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. chaquensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. cochlearis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cochlearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. cochlearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. coya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="coya">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. coya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. guadelupensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="guadelupensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. guadelupensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. pallipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pallipes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pallipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brullé">Brulle</normalizedToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. sallaei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sallaei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. sallaei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Sharp),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. tectiformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tectiformis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. tectiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. carmona" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="carmona">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. carmona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were examined for this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="selected references">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected references.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, LA" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 40" refId="B103" refString="Fernandez, LA, 1982a. Notas sobre el genero Helochares (Insecta, Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Neotropica 8 (79): 31 - 40" title="Notas sobre el genero Helochares (Insecta, Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." volume="8" year="1982 a">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
1982a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: notes on the taxonomic status of some of the previously described species;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, LA" journalOrPublisher="b" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 90" refId="B104" refString="Fernandez, LA, 1982b. Cinco especies nuevas del genero Helochares (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Physis (Buenos Aires), secc. b 40 (99): 85 - 90" title="Cinco especies nuevas del genero Helochares (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Physis (Buenos Aires), secc." volume="40" year="1982 b">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
1982b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: description of four new species;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, LA" journalOrPublisher="Limnobios" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="439 - 449" refId="B105" refString="Fernandez, LA, 1983. Helochares (Sindolus) talarum sp. nov., y redescripcion de Helochares (Helochares) pallipes (Brulle), con descripcion de los estados preimaginales (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Limnobios 2 (6): 439 - 449" title="Helochares (Sindolus) talarum sp. nov., y redescripcion de Helochares (Helochares) pallipes (Brulle), con descripcion de los estados preimaginales (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." volume="2" year="1983">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
1983
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: description of immature stages for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares pallipes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares pallipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brullé">Brulle</normalizedToken>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, LA" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="145 - 151" refId="B107" refString="Fernandez, LA, 1989. Notas sobre el genero Helochares. II (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Descripcion de dos especies nuevas neotropicales. Clave para determinar las especies argentinas y de areas vecinas. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 45 (1-4): 145 - 151" title="Notas sobre el genero Helochares. II (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Descripcion de dos especies nuevas neotropicales. Clave para determinar las especies argentinas y de areas vecinas." volume="45" year="1989">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: one new species and identification key;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Koleopterologische Rundschau" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="191 - 226" publicationUrl="http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KOR_75_2005_0191-0226.pdf" refId="B261" refString="Short, AEZ, 2005. A review of the subtribe Acidocerina of Central America with special reference to Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Koleopterologische Rundschau 75: 191 - 226, http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KOR_75_2005_0191-0226.pdf" title="A review of the subtribe Acidocerina of Central America with special reference to Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." url="http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/KOR_75_2005_0191-0226.pdf" volume="75" year="2005">Short 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: one new species with review of Central American species; Clarkson and Ferreira-Jr 2014: one new species and new records from southern Brazil;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="380 - 395" refId="B274" refString="Short, AEZ, Giron, JC, Toussaint, EFA, 2021. Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America. Systematic Entomology 46 (2): 380 - 395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" title="Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" volume="46" year="2021">Short et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: phylogenetic placement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |