189 lines
20 KiB
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189 lines
20 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4894" ID-PMC="PMC3689106" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-298-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5926FFEB7878FFCD16244219FFA9021F" ID-PubMed="23794883" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577552" ModsDocID="1313-2970-298-1" checkinTime="1451247317302" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Warren-Gash, Haydon, Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga, Dieuwko Knoop,, Oremans, Philippe & Safian, Szabolcs" docDate="2013" docId="993234BF41C85BBC91EDBEB662484EF8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 298: 1-37" docOrigin="ZooKeys 298" docPubDate="2013-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4894" docTitle="Euphaedra sarcoptera subsp. sarcoptera sarcoptera (Butler 1871" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="5926FFEB7878FFCD16244219FFA9021F" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="5926FFEB7878FFCD16244219FFA9021F" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and distribution pattern of the African rain forest butterfly genus Euphaedra Huebner sensu stricto with the description of three new subspecies of Euphaedra cyparissa (Cramer) and one of E. sarcoptera (Butler) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae, Adoliadini)" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1668155792272" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy and distribution pattern of the African rain forest butterfly genus Euphaedra Huebner sensu stricto with the description of three new subspecies of Euphaedra cyparissa (Cramer) and one of E. sarcoptera (Butler) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae, Adoliadini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pyrcz, Tomasz W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Museum of the Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30 - 060 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Warren-Gash, Haydon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>98 Overstrand Mansions, Prince of Wales Drive, London SW 11 4 EU</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Museum of the Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30 - 060 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dieuwko Knoop,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Rijsberkamperweg 7, 8392 TP Boyl, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Oremans, Philippe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>35, rue des Jacinthes, 6110 Montigny - le - Tilleul, Belgique</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Safian, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of West Hungary, Sopron, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-05-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>298</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>37</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4894</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4894</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-298-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5926FFEB7878FFCD16244219FFA9021F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577552</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182235550" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:993234BF41C85BBC91EDBEB662484EF8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/993234BF41C85BBC91EDBEB662484EF8" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName LSID="993234BF-41C8-5BBC-91ED-BEB662484EF8" authority="sarcoptera (Butler, 1871)" authorityName="sarcoptera (Butler" authorityYear="1871" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euphaedra sarcoptera subsp. sarcoptera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="sarcoptera">Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera (Butler, 1871)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Adults, males: A Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera male, Bibiani, Ghana (dorsum) B Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera, Bibiani, Ghana (venter) C Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea, holotype (dorsum) D Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea, holotype (venter) E Euphaedra sarcoptera styx, Tai, Ivory Coast (dosum) F Euphaedra sarcoptera styx, Tai, Ivory Coast (venter)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20994" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 5A, 5B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Adults, females: A Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera Nsukka, Nigeria (dorsum) B Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera Nsukka, Nigeria (venter) C Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea, paratype (dorsum) D Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea, paratype (venter) E Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Tai, Ivory Coast (dorsum) F Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Tai, Ivory Coast (venter)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20998" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">, 7A, 7B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Male genitalia (in lateral view, aedeagus extracted): A Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera Bibiani, Ghana B Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo C Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Tai, Ivory Coast D Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo E Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea F Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/21002" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">, 11A</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Romaleosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarcoptera">Romaleosoma sarcoptera</taxonomicName>
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Butler, 1871: 81, pl. 31, fig. 2.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarcoptera">Euphaedra sarcoptera</taxonomicName>
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(Butler); Aurivillius, 1925: 186.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="type-locality">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type-locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ghana "Gold Coast"</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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1 ♂: Western Ghana, Bibiani, N. Awaso, 250-400 m, 09.IV.2007, ABRI; 1 ♂: same data, prep. genit. 04/20.06.2012, J. Lorenc; 1 ♀: Nsukka, Anambra State, Nigeria, 04.XII.1982, leg. J. Wojtusiak, prep. genit. 02/20.06.2012, J. Lorenc; 1 ♀: Banco N. P., Ivory Coast, 18.IX.1999, H. Warren-Gash leg., prep. genit. 05/20.06.2012, J. Lorenc, MZUJ; 1 ♂: Ghana, Oda Big Tree, XII.2010,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sáfián">Safian</normalizedToken>
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, Sz. leg., SZS; 1 ♂: Ghana, Eastern Region, Asuom Amanfrom, Amanfrom Forest, Kade District, 20-24.III.2005,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sáfián">Safian</normalizedToken>
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, Sz., Csontos, G. and Kormos, B. leg., SZS; 1 ♂: Ivory Coast, Alepe-Yaya, 06.II.1999, H. Warren-Gash leg.; 1 ♂: Ivory Coast, Alepe-Yaya, 12.XII.1999, H. Warren-Gash leg. 1 ♂: Ivory Coast, Lamto, 05.XI.2000, H. Warren-Gash leg.; 2 ♂ and 2 ♀: Ivory Coast, Alepe, 21.I.2000, H. Warren-Gash leg.; 1 ♀: Ivory Coast, Alepe, 07.I.2001, H. Warren-Gash leg., HWG; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀: Ivory Coast, Teapleu, V.1977; 10 ♂ and 3 ♀:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guinée">Guinee</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guinée">Guinee</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="forestière">forestiere</normalizedToken>
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, Province de Yomou,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="classée">classee</normalizedToken>
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de Diecke, VI.2003, Eric Vingerhoedt leg.; 1 ♂: Cameroon, Douala, IX.1996, leg. P. Prouvost; 1 ♂: Cameroon, no exact locality, II.1997, E. Vingerhoedt, 1 ♂: Cameroon, Ebogo, I.1994, T. Garnier leg., PhO; 40 ♂ and 28 ♀: Ghana; 2 ♂ and 2 ♀: Ivory Coast; 1 ♂: S. Nigeria, Ewohimi, 29.XI.55, J. Boorman;
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<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">1</pageBreakToken>
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♂: no label; 2 ♂: Cameroon, Ebogo, Mbalmayo, X.2001; 1 ♂: Cameroon, Ebogo, II.1994, S. Collins leg., ABRI; 1 ♂: Ghana, Kibi Atewa Mts., II.2007., J. Boersma; 1 male ♂: Nigeria, Ewohimi, I.1955, J. St. Leger leg., DK; 2 ♂: Nigeria, Sapoba, III.1967, J. Riley leg., ex Cornes and Riley coll., DK; 2 ♂ and 2 ♀: Liberia, Mount Swa, Sz.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sáfián">Safian</normalizedToken>
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leg, MZUJ; 1 ♂: same data, ABRI; 1 ♂: same data, SSS.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Upperside ground colour predominantly golden green, with the exception of the light yellow subapical patch.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Male</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Adults, males: A Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera male, Bibiani, Ghana (dorsum) B Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera, Bibiani, Ghana (venter) C Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea, holotype (dorsum) D Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea, holotype (venter) E Euphaedra sarcoptera styx, Tai, Ivory Coast (dosum) F Euphaedra sarcoptera styx, Tai, Ivory Coast (venter)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20994" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 5A, 5B</figureCitation>
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): Head: eyes lustrous, golden brown, naked; vertex black with a tuft of short, black hair with a bluish sheen; labial palps covered with dense, short, bright yellow hairy scales; antennae half the length of costa, slender, gradually widening into a flattened club, in its widest part only twice as wide as shaft,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">dorsally</pageBreakToken>
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and ventrally all black, covered with sparse white and black sales along most of its length except for terminal segments. Thorax: black, dorsally sparsely covered with black and brown hair, denser laterally, with some violet blue scales on patagium and mesoscutum; tegulae covered with black hair; some longer and denser black hair on metascutum; legs femora, tibiae and tarsi with black scales. Abdomen: totally covered with dense, black scales, ventrally with some grey scales. Wings (FW length: 35-39 mm, mean: 37 mm, n=8) with an elongated apical part, and gently convex outer margin; most of wing surface black; costa from base to apex dusted with dark blue; a golden green area from wing base to two-thirds of anal margin, covering lower half of discal cell; a prominent mid discal cell black round spot; a large, elongated light yellow subapical patch suffused with green, extending widely from subcosta costa to vein Cu1, with a nearly straight basal limit marked by an incision along vein M3, and a diffused outer limit; fringes grey and black. HWD oval with a gently scalloped outer margin; rich golden green, with a diffuse golden postdiscal patch and a strong shiny blue overcast in outer one-third from vein Cu2 to anal margin; submarginal and marginal area black with a strong blue sheen gradually narrowing from roughly 4 mm at apex towards tornus and transforming into rectangular patches, the last of which in Cu2-1-2A detached; fringes grey and black. FWV golden green, slightly lighter than on the FWD; basal to mi-cell area purple; a series of black patches, a rounded postbasal spot, a wide mid cell bar, a similar bar along discal cell distal margin, a series of half-moon shaped patches along basal limit of a diffused subapical light yellow patch, a large half-moon shaped patch in mid cell Cu1-Cu2, and a series of submarginal patches, five smaller from costa to cell M3-Cu1 and two larger, oval, in Cu1-Cu2 and Cu2-1-2A. HWV golden yellow, with an elongated basal purple patch extending from costal margin to Rs to one-fourth costa, edged with black; six black median spots, four of which in discal cell, and a row of eight large, roughly oval black submarginal patches; marginal area darker bottle green and black.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Male genitalia</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Male genitalia (in lateral view, aedeagus extracted): A Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera Bibiani, Ghana B Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo C Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Tai, Ivory Coast D Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo E Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea F Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/21002" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
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): Tegumen same length as uncus, slightly arched; uncus stout, tip slightly curved downwards; gnathos long, same length as uncus; pedunculus prominent; saccus flattened in lateral view; valvae with a smooth dorsal surface and blunt apex; aedeagus as long as valvae, tubular and straight, with a sharp distal extremity and prominent cornuti.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Female</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Adults, females: A Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera Nsukka, Nigeria (dorsum) B Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera Nsukka, Nigeria (venter) C Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea, paratype (dorsum) D Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea, paratype (venter) E Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Tai, Ivory Coast (dorsum) F Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Tai, Ivory Coast (venter)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20998" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 7A, 7B</figureCitation>
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): Sexual dimorphism slight except for the larger size of the female (FW length: 41-45 mm, mean: 43 mm, n=5) and duller dorsal colours.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Female genitalia</emphasis>
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: not examined.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20994" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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Adults, males:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="sarcoptera" authorityName="sarcoptera (Butler" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="sarcoptera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male, Bibiani, Ghana (dorsum)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="sarcoptera" authorityName="sarcoptera (Butler" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="sarcoptera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Bibiani, Ghana (venter)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyrcz & Warren-Gash" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="ferrea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Mont Nimba, Guinea, holotype (dorsum)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyrcz & Warren-Gash" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="ferrea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Mont Nimba, Guinea, holotype (venter)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Larsen & Warren-Gash" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="styx">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Euphaedra sarcoptera styx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Tai, Ivory Coast (dosum)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">F</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Larsen & Warren-Gash" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="styx">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Euphaedra sarcoptera styx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Tai, Ivory Coast (venter).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="range">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">The nominate subspecies is widely distributed from central Liberia across Ivory Coast, Ghana and Nigeria and into Cameroon and northern Gabon, in both in perhumid coastal forests and drier forests in the interior. It is phenotypically quite stable throughout with the notable exception of the Mount Swa population in Liberia where all green individuals were detected flying alongside typically patterned ones. Such an individual variation may be explained by phenotype selection to a heterogenous environment of patchy rain forest and savanna. Nevertheless, it remains to be confirmed that the green and typical morphs are indeed syntopic and we cannot exclude the possibility that the green morph represents a separate parapatric subspecies.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |