458 lines
54 KiB
XML
458 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="E9BFE438E044C233E60E6180532B4993" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3918.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="813c417a-3a39-4823-9d7c-c825706011c3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287833" ID-ZooBank="03928490-DD7C-4DB2-9470-C0417D05AF27" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460979325524" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Manconi, Renata, Cadeddu, Barbara & Pronzato, Roberto" docDate="2015" docId="03F79750B506FFA2FF6DFCEFFCFBFEAB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03918p056.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3918 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Metania madagascariensis Manconi and Pronzato, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFCEEF28B500FFAEFFFAFFD6FFADFFEB" masterDocTitle="Adaptive morpho-traits, taxonomy and biogeography of Metania Gray, 1867 (Porifera: Spongillina: Metaniidae) with the description of a new species from Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1698559991837" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E3D2D470F3D07E703400AE4C6EAE30C5">Adaptive morpho-traits, taxonomy and biogeography of Metania Gray, 1867 (Porifera: Spongillina: Metaniidae) with the description of a new species from Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9C3FC8074FFD2F8FBD6EF86085914C6D">Manconi, Renata</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DDE71D15BEE86A9ACD57AA7FD24529DA">Cadeddu, Barbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="97CBBF14534966BC3FD602D8908B0BA9">Pronzato, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EA1295A9050C922CDAF037B7271E8659">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C084EA5585A836B6612CC8EADD322A57">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1582B55D79EEE9A47F00FDB056573427">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D86653D93B99F8962884D184B6FAED15">3918</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C9C585AD6D6E4C59CD5748C390641008" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3918.1.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F79750B506FFA2FF6DFCEFFCFBFEAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6102613" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127671547" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6102613" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F79750B506FFA2FF6DFCEFFCFBFEAB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F79750B506FFA2FF6DFCEFFCFBFEAB" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="C34475CDB506FFA8FF6DFCEFFEA7FC9E" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE12646B506FFA8FF6DFCEFFCC9FCB8" blockId="6.[151,868,825,885]" box="[151,868,825,852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="D0A9912AB506FFA8FF6DFCEFFCC9FCB8" bold="true" box="[151,868,825,852]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B92AFA54B506FFA8FF6DFCEFFCC9FCB8" bold="true" box="[151,868,825,852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B506FFA8FF6DFCEFFD52FCBF" authority="Manconi and Pronzato" authorityName="Manconi and Pronzato" box="[151,767,825,852]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="madagascariensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92AFA54B506FFA8FF6DFCEFFE77FCB8" bold="true" box="[151,474,825,851]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Metania madagascariensis</emphasis>
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Manconi and Pronzato
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219472FB506FFA8FCFCFCECFCC9FCB8" box="[774,868,825,852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE12646B506FFA8FF6DFC8AFEA7FC9E" blockId="6.[151,868,825,885]" box="[151,266,860,885]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13653AC3B506FFA8FF65FC8AFEACFC9E" box="[159,257,860,885]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3. A" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1864,1886]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1911,1933]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1599,1621]" captionStartId-4="8.[151,250,1724,1746]" captionStartId-5="9.[151,250,1548,1570]" captionStartId-6="10.[151,250,1574,1596]" captionStartId-7="11.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1308,1842]" captionTargetBox-1="[179,1386,240,1837]" captionTargetBox-2="[296,1289,1138,1896]" captionTargetBox-3="[152,1433,198,1571]" captionTargetBox-4="[154,1435,735,1697]" captionTargetBox-5="[156,1429,206,1521]" captionTargetBox-6="[150,1436,933,1574]" captionTargetBox-7="[289,1298,207,1751]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,1308,1843]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[168,1419,175,1938]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[292,1294,1135,1900]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[150,1436,193,1578]" captionTargetId-4="figure@8.[150,1436,733,1703]" captionTargetId-5="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1527]" captionTargetId-6="figure@10.[150,1437,899,1603]" captionTargetId-7="figure@11.[277,1309,195,1763]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionTargetPageId-6="10" captionTargetPageId-7="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Worldwide geographic range of the genus Metania suggesting a Gondwanan biogeographic pattern with all circumtropical-equatorial records in the Neotropical, Afrotropical, Oriental, and Australian Regions. Each dot refers to one or more species." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Genus Metania. Spicular complements of the 11 hitherto accepted Metania species plus the new species M. madagascariensis sp. nov. (modified in part from Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979, 1986; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992, 1993)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. A. Map with first record of the genus Metania from Madagascar with type locality of Metania madagascariensis sp. nov. in the central Madagascan highland indicated by a black / white circle (21 ° 25 ' 36.1092 " S, 47 ° 9 ' 23.7054 " E); B - C. Different satellite magnifications of the type locality under a bridge of the River Matsiatra (Upper Basin of Mangoky River), crossing the Highway (R. N.) n ° 7 between Fianarantsoa (7.7 Km) and Ambalakely (1.5 Km) in the Haute-Matsiatra Region." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Metania madagascariensis sp. nov. A. Paratype and Holotype MSNG 57788 in dry condition as small spiny cushions on a boulder; B. Type locality along the River Matsiatra." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Metania madagascariensis sp. nov. Holotype MSNG 57788 from the Matsiatra River. Body architecture (SEM micrographs). A. Sponge surface (ectosome) with conules and apertures of the aquiferous system in the dermal membrane (ectosomal skeleton, top view); B. Spiny microscleres (detail of A); C. Dermal membrane strongly armed by tangential spiny microscleres (ectosomal skeleton, detail of A); D. Skeletal architecture of the ectosomal and choanosomal skeleton (cross section); E. Skeleton of stout oxeas in an irregular network of mono- to pauci-spicular tracts; F. Ascending spicular fibre supporting a conule at the sponge surface; G. Meshes of choanosomal skeleton with pauci- to multi-spicular tracts of megascleres, and scattered microscleres; H. Dense assemblages of microscleres in choanosomal skeleton; I. Basal spongin plate well developed, tangentially armed by megascleres as stout, smooth oxeas and by microscleres as spiny oxeas." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Metania madagascariensis sp. nov. Spicular complement (SEM micrographs) of the four studied specimens." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Metania madagascariensis sp. nov. Holotype MSNG 57788 from the Matsiatra River. A. Tubelliform (trumpetlike) gemmuloscleres; B. acanthoxea (microscleres) entirely ornamented by dense spines (LM). Megascleres are not represented." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Metania madagascariensis sp. nov. Holotype MSNG 57788 from the Matsiatra River. Gemmule architecture (SEM). A-B. Gemmule without gemmular cage; foramen with conical tubule and simple collar surrounded by distal tips of some rows of gemmuloscleres (B detail of A); C-D. Gemmule with gemmular cage of stout, smooth megascleres; foramen with simple collar surrounded by distal tips of gemmuloscleres (D detail of C); E-F. Gemmular surface covered by skeletal microscleres (spiny oxeas); microscleres on gemmular surface (F detail of E); G. gemmular theca with the fibrous pneumatic layer (cross section) and short foraminal tube; H. magnification of the trilayered gemmular theca with outer layer armed by gemmuloscleres distal tips, fibrous pneumatic layer with a monolayer of radially embedded tubelliform gemmuloscleres, and sublayered inner layer of compact spongin." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/287834/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/287835/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/287836/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/287837/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/287838/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/287839/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/287840/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/287841/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Figs 1–8</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34475CDB506FFA6FF6DFC72FBC8FE8E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE12646B506FFA8FF6DFC72FBC5FBA0" blockId="6.[151,1437,932,1099]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B92AFA54B506FFA8FF6DFC72FEA9FC56" bold="true" box="[151,260,932,957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
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<typeStatus id="54E598E4B506FFA8FF6DFC72FEA9FC56" box="[151,260,932,957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B506FFA8FEE0FC73FEC6FC56" box="[282,363,933,957]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">MSNG</collectionCode>
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57788 (schizotype DISTAV-FW 752),
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<collectingCountry id="F34966D6B506FFA8FCB7FC73FBBAFC56" box="[845,1047,933,957]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
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, Haute Matsiatra Region, River Matsiatra,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6A4081B506FFA8FEF5FC11FE7DFC0B" box="[271,464,967,992]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" precision="1" value="-21.426697">21°25'36.1092"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6A4081B506FFA8FE26FC1EFD34FC0B" box="[476,665,967,992]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" precision="1" value="47.156586">47°9' 23.7054"E</geoCoordinate>
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, tributary of the higher River Mangoky basin, Central High Plateau, between Fianarantsoa North and Ambalakely, under a bridge along the highway Route Nationale n° 7, station
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<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B506FFA8FF6DFBD9FF71FBCC" box="[151,220,1039,1063]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dqz8-sfkc" name="Madras Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">MAD</collectionCode>
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28, R. Manconi leg.,
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<date id="FFE00086B506FFA8FE31FBD8FDEBFBCC" box="[459,582,1038,1063]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" value="2011-09-25">25/ix/2011</date>
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. P
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<emphasis id="B92AFA54B506FFA8FD98FBD8FD13FBCC" bold="true" box="[610,702,1038,1063]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">aratype</emphasis>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B506FFA8FD37FBD9FCB3FBCC" box="[717,798,1039,1063]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">MSNG</collectionCode>
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57789 (schizoparatype DISTAV-FW 753), same data as
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<typeStatus id="54E598E4B506FFA8FF6DFBE4FF50FBA0" box="[151,253,1074,1099]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<emphasis id="B92AFA54B506FFA8FEFDFBE4FE17FBA0" bold="true" box="[263,442,1074,1099]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Other material</emphasis>
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. DISTAV-FW 754, DISTAV-FW 755, same data as
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<typeStatus id="54E598E4B506FFA8FC04FBE4FBC9FBA0" box="[1022,1124,1074,1099]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2176CEB506FFA8FF6DF8A1FAD7F802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287836/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[296,1289,1138,1896]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8BE12646B506FFA8FF6DF8A1FAD7F802" blockId="6.[151,1436,1911,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B92AFA54B506FFA8FF6DF8A1FE9EF866" bold="true" box="[151,307,1911,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 3. A.</emphasis>
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Map with first record of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B506FFA8FD65F8AFFD5EF865" box="[671,755,1913,1934]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92AFA54B506FFA8FD65F8AFFD5EF865" box="[671,755,1913,1934]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Metania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Madagascar with type locality of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B506FFA8FB70F8AFFA31F866" box="[1162,1436,1911,1934]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="madagascariensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92AFA54B506FFA8FB70F8AFFA31F866" box="[1162,1436,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Metania madagascariensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219472FB506FFA8FF6DF841FF44F847" box="[151,233,1943,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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in the central Madagascan highland indicated by a black/white circle (21°25'36.1092"S, 47°9'23.7054"E);
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<emphasis id="B92AFA54B506FFA8FA90F840FA31F847" bold="true" box="[1386,1436,1942,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">B -C.</emphasis>
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Different satellite magnifications of the type locality under a bridge of the River Matsiatra (Upper Basin of Mangoky River), crossing the Highway (R.N.) n°7 between Fianarantsoa (7.7 Km) and Ambalakely (1.5 Km) in the Haute-Matsiatra Region.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF2176CEB507FFA9FF6DF9E9FC9EF99F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287837/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[152,1433,198,1571]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="8BE12646B507FFA9FF6DF9E9FC9EF99F" blockId="7.[151,1436,1599,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B92AFA54B507FFA9FF6DF9E9FEBBF9BE" bold="true" box="[151,278,1599,1621]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B507FFA9FEDAF996FD98F9BE" box="[288,565,1599,1621]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="madagascariensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92AFA54B507FFA9FEDAF996FD98F9BE" box="[288,565,1599,1621]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Metania madagascariensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219472FB507FFA9FDC5F996FD3FF9BE" box="[575,658,1600,1621]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<emphasis id="B92AFA54B507FFA9FD60F9E9FD1EF9BE" bold="true" box="[666,691,1599,1621]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">A.</emphasis>
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Paratype and Holotype MSNG 57788 in dry condition as small spiny cushions on a boulder;
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<emphasis id="B92AFA54B507FFA9FE78F988FE34F99F" bold="true" box="[386,409,1630,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">B.</emphasis>
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Type locality along the River Matsiatra.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BE12646B507FFA6FF3DF96CFBC8FE8E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1722,2035]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,680]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B92AFA54B507FFA9FF3DF96CFE7FF938" bold="true" box="[199,466,1722,1747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Comparative material</emphasis>
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.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B507FFA9FE19F96CFC1CF938" authority="Lake Ishiba Ngandu" authorityName="Lake Ishiba Ngandu" box="[483,945,1722,1747]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rhodesiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B507FFA9FE19F96CFD13F938" box="[483,702,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Tubella rhodesiana</emphasis>
|
||
Lake Ishiba Ngandu
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ex-Lake Young,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34966D6B507FFA9FB79F96CFB5DF938" box="[1155,1264,1722,1747]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Rhodesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
), C.K. Ricardo leg.
|
||
<date id="FFE00086B507FFA9FF32F90BFEFFF91D" box="[200,338,1757,1782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" value="1936-08-13">13.viii.1936</date>
|
||
, 5 m depth, (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E598E4B507FFA9FE12F90BFDE1F91D" box="[488,588,1757,1782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B507FFA9FDAEF909FD05F91D" box="[596,680,1759,1782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1938.2.25.1, schizotype DISTAV-FW 432); ibid.,
|
||
<date id="FFE00086B507FFA9FB1EF90BFAFDF91D" box="[1252,1360,1757,1782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" value="1937-01-13">13.i.1937</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA68BA3B507FFA9FAA7F90BFF00F8F1" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 m</quantity>
|
||
depth (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E598E4B507FFA9FEF3F8D4FEDBF8F1" box="[265,374,1794,1818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B507FFA9FE7BF8D5FE78F8F1" box="[385,469,1795,1818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1938.2.25.5,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B507FFA9FD82F8D5FD61F8F1" box="[632,716,1795,1818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1938.2.25.7, schizotypes DISTAV-FW 609, DISTAV-FW 610 respectively); ibid. (topotypes
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B507FFA9FE08F8F1FDEBF8D5" box="[498,582,1831,1854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1938.2.25.2,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B507FFA9FD1EF8F1FC95F8D5" box="[740,824,1831,1854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1938.2.25.3, schizotypes DISTAV-FW 632, DISTAV- FW 611 respectively).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B507FFA9FE5EF89DFBBCF888" authority="L. Ishiba Ngandu, C.K. Ricardo" authorityName="L. Ishiba Ngandu, C.K. Ricardo" box="[420,1041,1866,1891]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="innominata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B507FFA9FE5EF89DFD20F889" box="[420,653,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Metania innominata</emphasis>
|
||
L. Ishiba Ngandu, C.K. Ricardo
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leg.,
|
||
<date id="FFE00086B507FFA9FBA2F89CFB16F888" box="[1112,1211,1866,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" value="1936-05-09">9.v.1936</date>
|
||
, (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E598E4B507FFA9FB29F89CFA90F888" box="[1235,1341,1866,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B507FFA9FAB2F89DFA31F889" box="[1352,1436,1867,1890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1938.2.25.8, schizotype POR- FW 608).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B507FFA9FD94F8BBFC8BF86D" box="[622,806,1901,1926]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Spongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brieni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B507FFA9FD94F8BBFC8BF86D" box="[622,806,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Spongilla brieni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34966D6B507FFA9FCD5F8B8FCD1F86D" box="[815,892,1902,1926]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Lake Upemba, P. Brien leg.,
|
||
<date id="FFE00086B507FFA9FB23F8BBFAECF86D" box="[1241,1345,1901,1926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" value="1937-08">viii.1937</date>
|
||
, Burton 1938 det. (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E598E4B507FFA9FEEFF844FED4F840" box="[277,377,1938,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B507FFA9FE7EF844FE7AF841" box="[388,471,1938,1962]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
201, schizotype DISTAV-FW 490).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B507FFA9FC7AF845FB76F840" authority="Lake Upemba" authorityName="Lake Upemba" box="[896,1243,1938,1963]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brieni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B507FFA9FC7AF845FB86F840" box="[896,1067,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Metania brieni</emphasis>
|
||
Lake Upemba
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34966D6B507FFA9FB13F844FA99F841" box="[1257,1332,1938,1962]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B507FFA9FABCF844FA31F841" box="[1350,1436,1938,1962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1938.2.1.2–13.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B507FFA9FEC5F860FEDFF825" box="[319,370,1974,1998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">IIIA</collectionCode>
|
||
, fragment DISTAV-FW 614).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B507FFA9FD12F861FB32F825" authority="Lukula River" authorityName="Lukula River" box="[744,1183,1973,1998]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lissostrongyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B507FFA9FD12F861FC5FF825" box="[744,1010,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Metania lissostrongyla</emphasis>
|
||
Lukula River
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B507FFA9FB42F860FAA3F825" box="[1208,1294,1974,1998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1938.2.3.3, fragment DISTAV-FW 633); Leopoldville, H. Schouteden leg. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B507FFA9FC8AF80CFC6BF819" box="[880,966,2010,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1938.2.3.7, fragment DISTAV-FW 612);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B508FFA6FF6DFF4FFD97FF5B" authority="E. Dartevelle" authorityName="E. Dartevelle" box="[151,570,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FF6DFF4FFE26FF5B" box="[151,395,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Metania schoutedeni</emphasis>
|
||
E. Dartevelle
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leg. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B508FFA6FD77FF4EFD4CFF5B" box="[653,737,152,176]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
1006, fragment DISTAV-FW 372);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B508FFA6FB52FF4FFED5FF3F" authority="Leopoldville, 1937" authorityName="Leopoldville" authorityYear="1937" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FB52FF4FFA31FF5B" box="[1192,1436,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Metania schoutedeni</emphasis>
|
||
Leopoldville, 1937
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, A. Tinant leg. (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E598E4B508FFA6FDAAFF6AFD1FFF3F" box="[592,690,188,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B508FFA6FD38FF6AFCB8FF3F" box="[706,789,188,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
142, schizotype DISTAV-FW 373);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B508FFA6FB23FF6BFA36FF3F" box="[1241,1435,189,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vanryni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FB23FF6BFA36FF3F" box="[1241,1435,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Metania vanryni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kinshasa, E. Dartevelle leg. (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E598E4B508FFA6FE27FF09FDECFF13" box="[477,577,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B508FFA6FDB2FF36FD37FF13" box="[584,666,224,248]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
1008, schizotype DISTAV-FW 481);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B508FFA6FBC5FF37FAA9FF13" box="[1087,1284,225,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vesparia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FBC5FF37FAA9FF13" box="[1087,1284,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Metania vesparia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34966D6B508FFA6FAF1FF09FACDFF13" box="[1291,1376,223,248]" name="Angola" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coll. Mission A. Powell-Cotton (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B508FFA6FE31FED2FD8CFEF7" box="[459,545,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1938.5.10.1, fragment DISTAV-FW 430); E. Dartevelle leg. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B508FFA6FB2AFED2FA8BFEF7" box="[1232,1318,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
34.9.12.1, fragment DISTAV-FW 443).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B508FFA6FE25FEFFFD4DFEAB" box="[479,736,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Parametania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="godeauxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FE25FEFFFD4DFEAB" box="[479,736,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Parametania godeauxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Katanga, Luapula River at the mouth of the Kafubu River, J. Godeaux leg.,
|
||
<date id="FFE00086B508FFA6FEC0FE9AFE0CFE8E" box="[314,417,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" value="1963-08">viii.1963</date>
|
||
, (schizotype
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FBE83B508FFA6FDCFFE9AFD25FE8F" box="[565,648,332,356]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
1312, DISTAV- FW 480 slides and stubs).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34475CDB508FFA6FF3DFEB9FD55FE46" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE12646B508FFA6FF3DFEB9FD55FE46" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FF3DFEB9FEEAFE63" bold="true" box="[199,327,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B508FFA6FDCCFEB9FCADFE63" box="[566,768,367,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FDCCFEB9FCADFE63" box="[566,768,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is derived from the name of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34966D6B508FFA6FBBAFEB9FB6AFE63" box="[1088,1223,367,392]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
this being the only species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B508FFA6FE84FE43FE76FE47" box="[382,475,405,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FE84FE43FE76FE47" box="[382,475,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Metania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported from the island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34475CDB508FFA6FF3DFE61FDB3FE1E" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE12646B508FFA6FF3DFE61FDB3FE1E" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FF3DFE61FE97FE3B" bold="true" box="[199,314,439,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Smooth oxeas as main megascleres (α), slender and short oxeas as β megascleres, gemmular cage of α megascleres present to absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34475CDB508FFA2FF3DFE29FDFEFF3E" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE12646B508FFA4FF3DFE29FE2AFC6B" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,680]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,896]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FF3DFE29FEFCFDF3" bold="true" box="[199,337,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Description</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FE99FE29FDABFDF3" bold="true" box="[355,518,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Growth form</emphasis>
|
||
encrusting to cushion-like.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FCB4FE29FC70FDF3" bold="true" box="[846,989,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Consistency</emphasis>
|
||
hard and fragile both
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FB13FDD7FA94FDF3" box="[1257,1337,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
and dry condition.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FEF4FDF2FECFFDD6" bold="true" box="[270,354,548,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
whitish to dark brown both
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FD66FDF3FD4AFDD7" box="[668,743,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
and dry condition.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FC45FDF2FBA3FDD6" bold="true" box="[959,1038,548,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Surfac</emphasis>
|
||
e conulose with acute (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA68BA3B508FFA6FAF4FDF2FA2DFDD7" box="[1294,1408,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height), dense conules (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA68BA3B508FFA6FE5EFD91FD80FDB4" box="[420,557,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart) with apical tufts of oxeas to support more or less rounded areas of the translucid dermal membrane.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FE0CFDBAFDFFFD6E" bold="true" box="[502,594,620,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Oscules</emphasis>
|
||
scattered, circular, small (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA68BA3B508FFA6FC75FDBAFBA5FD6F" box="[911,1032,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FB4CFDBAFA31FD6E" bold="true" box="[1206,1436,620,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Inhalant apertures</emphasis>
|
||
scattered in the dermal membrane.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FDE4FD59FCA9FD43" bold="true" box="[542,772,655,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Ectosomal skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
densely armed by microscleres tangentially arranged in the dermal membrane, supported by tips of ascending pauci-spicular fibres, arranged in a superficial network of irregular polygonal, mono- to pauci-spicular meshes (300–600 µm in diameter).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B509FFA7FBE2F95AFA88F94E" bold="true" box="[1048,1317,1676,1701]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Subectosomal skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
with short pauci- to multi-spicular ascending fibres up to the ectosome to support conules.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B509FFA7FBE9F966FAB2F922" bold="true" box="[1043,1311,1712,1737]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Choanosomal skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
irregularly alveolate network of pauci- to multi-spicular (stout smooth oxeas) polygonal meshes (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CA68BA3B509FFA7FB57F902FAABF907" box="[1197,1286,1748,1773]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter) supported in some areas by extremely dense assemblages of microscleres.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B509FFA7FBDCF92EFB25F8FA" bold="true" box="[1062,1160,1784,1809]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Spongin</emphasis>
|
||
scanty, except for the gemmular theca and the basal spongin plate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B509FFA7FD32F8CAFC12F8DE" bold="true" box="[712,959,1820,1845]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Basal spongin plate</emphasis>
|
||
well developed, tangentially armed by megascleres as stout, smooth oxeas and by microscleres as spiny oxeas.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B509FFA7FC2BF896FBCEF8B2" bold="true" box="[977,1123,1856,1881]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Megascleres</emphasis>
|
||
oxeas of two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E598E4B509FFA7FAFCF897FAECF8B2" box="[1286,1345,1857,1881]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">types</typeStatus>
|
||
smooth and spiny, abruptly pointed to acerate.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E598E4B509FFA7FDACF8B3FD23F896" box="[598,654,1893,1917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
1 (α and β megascleres) abundant smooth oxeas (255–387
|
||
<date id="FFE00086B509FFA7FAC5F8B3FA31F896" box="[1343,1436,1893,1917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" value="2010-10-30">x 10–30</date>
|
||
µm), stout, straight to notably bent, with acute, abruptly pointed tips; rare styles also present, probably freak.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E598E4B509FFA7FA9EF85FFA31F84A" box="[1380,1436,1929,1953]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
2 (β megascleres) less abundant acanthoxeas (120–178
|
||
<date id="FFE00086B509FFA7FCFDF87BFCEBF82E" box="[775,838,1964,1989]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">x 5–8</date>
|
||
µm) entirely spiny by scattered small spines of same dimension; spines in the central portion of the shaft with a few microspines (2–5) in rosettes, and simple spines sometimes more dense towards the abruptly pointed tips (more abundant in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E598E4B50AFFA4FC1DFF4EFBE5FF5B" box="[999,1096,152,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
MSNG 57789). Rare, slender, smooth oxeas (155–345
|
||
<date id="FFE00086B50AFFA4FE51FF6BFE54FF3E" box="[427,505,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" value="1918-10-05">x 5–18</date>
|
||
µm) slightly bent, with acerate tips also present. Very thin, smooth oxeas (53–103 µm in length) probably belong to larvae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50AFFA4FD9DFF09FD53FF13" bold="true" box="[615,766,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Microscleres</emphasis>
|
||
acanthoxeas (55–128 µm in length) ranging from 8–12 µm in thickness with tubercles/spines, to 3–5 µm in thickness not considering spines height, bent to straight with sharp, abruptly pointed tips, and less frequently with blunt tips; entirely spiny by dense, small spines, and with in the central portion of the shaft variably long, stout, straight, less dense tubercles/spines bearing rosettes of dense microspines at their tips.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50AFFA4FE3FFEB9FD24FE63" bold="true" box="[453,649,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Gemmular cage</emphasis>
|
||
absent or as an assemblage of stout, smooth oxeas (megascleres); microscleres of the skeleton frequently present around gemmules.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50AFFA4FC53FE42FB84FE46" bold="true" box="[937,1065,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Gemmules</emphasis>
|
||
singly scattered in the skeletal meshes, very rarely grouped, subspherical, large (450–500 µm in diameter), sometimes collapsed in dry condition.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50AFFA4FF6DFE0AFEA9FE1E" bold="true" box="[151,260,476,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Foramen</emphasis>
|
||
(50–70 µm in diameter) well evident with a simple collar surrounded sometimes by an undulated circular lamina to with a short vase-like tubule.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50AFFA4FD97FE29FC97FDF3" bold="true" box="[621,826,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Gemmular theca</emphasis>
|
||
trilayered (ca. 50 µm in thickness).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50AFFA4FB11FE29FAD7FDF3" bold="true" box="[1259,1402,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Outer layer</emphasis>
|
||
of compact spongin variably developed with emerging distal knob-like tips (pseudorotule) of radially embedded gemmuloscleres.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50AFFA4FEA1FD91FDB3FD8B" bold="true" box="[347,542,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Pneumatic layer</emphasis>
|
||
fibrous, not chambered, as a network of thin spongin fibres/trabecules arranged as more or less rounded meshes with a variable diameter ranging from large at the distal portion of the theca to smaller at the proximal one towards the inner layer.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50AFFA4FD19FD59FCC7FD43" bold="true" box="[739,874,655,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Inner layer</emphasis>
|
||
of compact sublayered spongin strictly in contact with proximal rotules of partly overlapping gemmuloscleres.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50AFFA4FC99FD62FB85FD26" bold="true" box="[867,1064,692,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Gemmuloscleres</emphasis>
|
||
arranged in a single layer with proximal rotule strictly adhering to the inner layer and distal pseudorotule emerging from the theca, tubelliform/ trumpet-like (32–55 µm in length) with straight shaft (4–5 µm in thickness), variably spiny (up to 10 spines/ tubercles with microspines) to less frequently smooth, with proximal true rotules (18–23 µm in diameter) with irregular blunt margins, and distal, knob-like pseudorotules (5–10 µm in diameter) sometime umbonate, with a few hooks at the margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2176CEB508FFA6FF6DF96AFA83F842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287838/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[154,1435,735,1697]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE12646B508FFA6FF6DF96AFA83F842" blockId="8.[151,1436,1724,1961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FF6DF96AFEB8F939" bold="true" box="[151,277,1724,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B508FFA6FEE7F968FD9CF939" box="[285,561,1724,1747]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="madagascariensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FEE7F968FD9CF939" box="[285,561,1724,1747]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Metania madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219472FB508FFA6FDC3F96BFD27F939" box="[569,650,1725,1747]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Holotype MSNG 57788 from the Matsiatra River. Body architecture (SEM micrographs).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FED7F90DFE92F91A" bold="true" box="[301,319,1755,1777]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Sponge surface (ectosome) with conules and apertures of the aquiferous system in the dermal membrane (ectosomal skeleton, top view);
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FE24F92CFE42F8FB" bold="true" box="[478,495,1786,1808]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Spiny microscleres (detail of A);
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FCAEF92CFCCBF8FB" bold="true" box="[852,870,1786,1808]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Dermal membrane strongly armed by tangential spiny microscleres (ectosomal skeleton, detail of A);
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FD71F8CEFD30F8C5" bold="true" box="[651,669,1816,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Skeletal architecture of the ectosomal and choanosomal skeleton (cross section);
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FF02F8E1FEA4F8A6" bold="true" box="[248,265,1847,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Skeleton of stout oxeas in an irregular network of mono- to pauci-spicular tracts;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FB85F8E1FB3DF8A6" bold="true" box="[1151,1168,1847,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Ascending spicular fibre supporting a conule at the sponge surface;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FD88F880FD2BF887" bold="true" box="[626,646,1878,1900]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Meshes of choanosomal skeleton with pauci- to multi-spicular tracts of megascleres, and scattered microscleres;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FDBEF8A2FDF3F861" bold="true" box="[580,606,1908,1930]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">H.</emphasis>
|
||
Dense assemblages of microscleres in choanosomal skeleton;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B508FFA6FB0AF8A2FAADF861" bold="true" box="[1264,1280,1908,1930]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">I.</emphasis>
|
||
Basal spongin plate well developed, tangentially armed by megascleres as stout, smooth oxeas and by microscleres as spiny oxeas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2176CEB509FFA7FF6DF9DAFAC6F9C9" box="[151,1387,1548,1571]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287839/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[156,1429,206,1521]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE12646B509FFA7FF6DF9DAFAC6F9C9" blockId="9.[151,1387,1548,1571]" box="[151,1387,1548,1571]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B509FFA7FF6DF9DAFEBFF9C9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1548,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B509FFA7FEE5F9D8FD9CF9C9" box="[287,561,1548,1571]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="madagascariensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B509FFA7FEE5F9D8FD9CF9C9" box="[287,561,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Metania madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219472FB509FFA7FDCDF9DBFD2BF9C9" box="[567,646,1549,1571]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Spicular complement (SEM micrographs) of the four studied specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2176CEB50AFFA4FF6DF9F0FEBEF991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287840/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[150,1436,933,1574]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE12646B50AFFA4FF6DF9F0FEBEF991" blockId="10.[151,1436,1574,1658]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50AFFA4FF6DF9F0FEB9F9D7" bold="true" box="[151,276,1574,1596]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B50AFFA4FEE6F9FEFD9DF9D7" box="[284,560,1574,1597]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="madagascariensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50AFFA4FEE6F9FEFD9DF9D7" box="[284,560,1574,1597]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Metania madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219472FB50AFFA4FDCDF9F1FD25F9D7" box="[567,648,1575,1597]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Holotype MSNG 57788 from the Matsiatra River.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50AFFA4FB60F9F0FB01F9D7" bold="true" box="[1178,1196,1574,1596]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Tubelliform (trumpetlike) gemmuloscleres;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50AFFA4FE74F993FE32F9B0" bold="true" box="[398,415,1605,1627]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
. acanthoxea (microscleres) entirely ornamented by dense spines (LM). Megascleres are not represented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE12646B50AFFA4FF3DF969FB1CF806" blockId="10.[151,1437,1727,2030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50AFFA4FF3DF969FE8EF933" bold="true" box="[199,291,1727,1752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B50AFFA4FECBF917FD8DF933" box="[305,544,1727,1752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="madagascariensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50AFFA4FECBF917FD8DF933" box="[305,544,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">M. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50AFFA4FDD2F969FD2FF933" bold="true" box="[552,642,1727,1752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219472FB50AFFA4FDD2F969FD2FF933" box="[552,642,1727,1752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
inhabits the Central High Plateau at an altitude ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CA68BA3B50AFFA4FB3CF916FAB6F93C" box="[1222,1307,1728,1752]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
asl under a bridge crossing the River Matsiatra, within the higher River Mangoky hydrographic basin tributary of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34966D6B50AFFA4FF6DF8D3FEB0F8F5" box="[151,285,1797,1822]" name="Mozambique" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Mozambico</collectingCountry>
|
||
Canal. The new species matches the tropical rain forests range, although forests are now relictual in the area. The survey of ca. 50 pebbles performed in the watercourse (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CA68BA3B50AFFA4FC2DF8FEFBBCF8D4" box="[983,1041,1832,1856]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
wide) at the end of the dry season (late September) resulted in the discovery of scattered but not abundant sponges at
|
||
<quantity id="4CA68BA3B50AFFA4FB86F89CFB4FF889" box="[1148,1250,1866,1891]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" unit="cm" value="37.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="5.0">5–70 cm</quantity>
|
||
of depth under submerged boulders and pebbles in brown, silty shallow water along the seasonally flooded riverside. Active sponges, both young and small to old and large bear gemmules in late September. Specimens of the new species were associated, also on the same substratum, with almost two other presently unidentified species of Spongillina (Manconi
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50AFFA4FEF1F800FE91F805" box="[267,316,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. in prep.). Bryozoans and aquatic insects (larvae and adults) were also present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2176CEB50BFFA5FF6DF920FDE0F809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287841/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[289,1298,207,1751]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE12646B50BFFA5FF6DF920FDE0F809" blockId="11.[151,1436,1782,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50BFFA5FF6DF920FEB8F8E7" bold="true" box="[151,277,1782,1804]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B50BFFA5FEE5F921FD99F8E7" box="[287,564,1782,1804]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="madagascariensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50BFFA5FEE5F921FD99F8E7" box="[287,564,1782,1804]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Metania madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219472FB50BFFA5FDC7F921FD22F8E7" box="[573,655,1783,1804]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Holotype MSNG 57788 from the Matsiatra River. Gemmule architecture (SEM).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50BFFA5FF11F8C2FEBAF8C1" bold="true" box="[235,279,1812,1834]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">A-B</emphasis>
|
||
. Gemmule without gemmular cage; foramen with conical tubule and simple collar surrounded by distal tips of some rows of gemmuloscleres (B detail of A);
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50BFFA5FD97F8E5FD37F8A2" bold="true" box="[621,666,1843,1865]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">C-D</emphasis>
|
||
. Gemmule with gemmular cage of stout, smooth megascleres; foramen with simple collar surrounded by distal tips of gemmuloscleres (D detail of C);
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50BFFA5FC32F884FC42F883" bold="true" box="[968,1007,1874,1896]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">E-F</emphasis>
|
||
. Gemmular surface covered by skeletal microscleres (spiny oxeas); microscleres on gemmular surface (F detail of E);
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50BFFA5FC44F8A7FC62F86C" bold="true" box="[958,975,1905,1927]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">G</emphasis>
|
||
. gemmular theca with the fibrous pneumatic layer (cross section) and short foraminal tube;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50BFFA5FD86F859FD3DF84E" bold="true" box="[636,656,1935,1957]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">H</emphasis>
|
||
. magnification of the trilayered gemmular theca with outer layer armed by gemmuloscleres distal tips, fibrous pneumatic layer with a monolayer of radially embedded tubelliform gemmuloscleres, and sublayered inner layer of compact spongin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE12646B50CFFA2FF3DFF41FDFEFF3E" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50CFFA2FF3DFF41FE45FF5B" bold="true" box="[199,488,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B50CFFA2FE0DFF4FFD4AFF5B" box="[503,743,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="madagascariensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50CFFA2FE0DFF4FFD4AFF5B" box="[503,743,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">M. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50CFFA2FD15FF41FCE7FF5B" bold="true" box="[751,842,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219472FB50CFFA2FD15FF41FCE7FF5B" box="[751,842,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
belongs to the Afrotropical group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B50CFFA2FB0EFF4FFAFCFF5B" box="[1268,1361,153,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50CFFA2FB0EFF4FFAFCFF5B" box="[1268,1361,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Metania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is known until now from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E598E4B50CFFA2FE38FF6BFE5FFF3E" box="[450,498,189,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34475CDB50CFFA2FF3DFF09FCFBFEAB" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE12646B50CFFA2FF3DFF09FCFBFEAB" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50CFFA2FF3DFF09FE99FF13" bold="true" box="[199,308,223,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. We consider the differences in the microtraits of the spicular complement displayed by the studied specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34966D6B50CFFA2FEA8FED2FE74FEF6" box="[338,473,260,285]" name="Madagascar" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
as intraspecific phenotypic variability. Diverging diagnostic traits of the new species vs. all the other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E5DC5B50CFFA2FE3BFEFFFDB2FEAB" box="[449,543,297,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AFA54B50CFFA2FE3BFEFFFDB2FEAB" box="[449,543,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Metania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are clearly shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13653AC3B50CFFA2FCF4FEF1FCFEFEAB" box="[782,851,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[179,1386,240,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[168,1419,175,1938]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Genus Metania. Spicular complements of the 11 hitherto accepted Metania species plus the new species M. madagascariensis sp. nov. (modified in part from Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979, 1986; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992, 1993)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287835/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |