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<mods:title id="E5002151F9513ACF689541B3454658C4">Three endemic Aphaenogaster from the Siculo-Maltese archipelago and the Italian Peninsula: part of a hitherto unrecognized species group from the Maghreb? (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="937DD6B853E6140622CB72B34C8436C4">Alicata, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6602FBEF9F8215FDB469FAE4642B2144">Schifani, Enrico</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7264EF173B3FC06B00C4DC5E30592A48">Section Animal Biology, Department STEBICEF, University of Palermo - Via Archirafi 18, I- 90123, Palermo, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FF7604B7FDC23C15" authority="Emery, 1915" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1915" box="[214,588,237,262]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FF7604B7FE363C15" bold="true" box="[214,440,237,262]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Aphaenogaster fiorii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FE1E04B5FDC23C15" author="Emery" box="[446,588,239,262]" firstAuthor="Emery" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="244 - 270" refId="ref16989" refString="EMERY C. 1915: Contributo alla conoscenza delle formiche delle isole italiane. Descrizioni di forme mediterranee nuove o critiche. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 46: 244 - 270." type="journal article" year="1915">Emery, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FF370546FD063C3C" bold="true" box="[151,648,284,303]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Published records (excluding bibliographic checklists).</emphasis>
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As 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE310D2FFBEBC35FD080546FEE33C5A" author="EMERY C." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1915">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FD080546FF543C5A" ID-CoL="5FPLN" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="gibbosa" subSpecies="fiorii">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FD080546FF543C5A" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. gibbosa fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FF57056CFEE33C5A" author="EMERY" box="[247,365,310,329]" firstAuthor="EMERY" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="244 - 270" refId="ref16989" refString="EMERY C. 1915: Contributo alla conoscenza delle formiche delle isole italiane. Descrizioni di forme mediterranee nuove o critiche. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 46: 244 - 270." type="journal article" year="1915">EMERY (1915)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(
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material – examined) and as 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE310D2FFBEBC35FD3F056CFE913C77" author="ALICATA A." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1999">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FD3F056CFD6F3C5A" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1915" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[671,737,310,329]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FD3F056CFD6F3C5A" box="[671,737,310,329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FF37050BFE953C77" author="ALICATA" box="[151,283,337,356]" firstAuthor="ALICATA" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref15895" refString="ALICATA A. 1999: Sistematica ed ecoetologia delle specie silvicole di Aphaenogaster Mayr, 1853 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Sicilia. Doctoral dissertation, University of Catania, Catania, 67 pp." type="book" year="1999">ALICATA (1999)</bibRefCitation>
.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5211EDFFBEBC35FF150536FF763CA7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Misidentified as 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE310D2FFBEBC35FEE30536FD2B3C6C" author="BARONI URBANI C." box="[323,677,364,383]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1968">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FEE30536FE423C6C" ID-CoL="F9WX" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1908" box="[323,460,364,383]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="crocea" subSpecies="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FEE30536FE423C6C" box="[323,460,364,383]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. crocea sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FE470536FD2B3C6C" author="BARONI URBANI" box="[487,677,364,383]" firstAuthor="BARONI URBANI" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="408 - 559" refId="ref16051" refString="BARONI URBANI C. 1968: Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. IV. La fauna mirmecologica delle isole Maltesi ed il suo significato ecologico e biogeografico. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 77: 408 - 559." type="journal article" year="1968">BARONI URBANI (1968)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(material examined), as 
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FEB605DCFEED3C8A" ID-CoL="F9WX" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1908" box="[278,355,390,409]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FEB605DCFEED3C8A" box="[278,355,390,409]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FE2105DCFD2D3C8A" author="SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD" box="[385,675,390,409]" firstAuthor="SCHEMBRI" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="417 - 442" refId="ref18346" refString="SCHEMBRI S. P. &amp; COLLINGWOOD C. A. 1981: A revision of the myrmecofauna of the Maltese Islands (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 83: 417 - 442." type="journal article" year="1981">SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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(material examined).
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<paragraph id="8BFD36C3FFBEBC35FF1505E6FD4F3CDC" blockId="2.[151,761,284,1796]" box="[181,705,444,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Material published by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FED605E6FE7D3CDC" author="GRANDI" box="[374,499,444,463]" firstAuthor="GRANDI" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="81 - 255" refId="ref17354" refString="GRANDI G. 1935: Contributi alla conoscenza degli Imenotteri Aculeati. XV. Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia dell'Universita di Bologna 26: 81 - 255." type="journal article" year="1935">GRANDI (1935)</bibRefCitation>
could not be examined.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FF37058CFE0F3CFA" bold="true" box="[151,385,470,489]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54F98861FFBEBC35FE2A058CFE6A3CFB" box="[394,484,470,489]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
(here designated): 
<specimenCount id="9D44FD4AFFBEBC35FD33058CFD3C3CFD" box="[659,690,470,494]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="queen">1 ☿</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4986F821FFBEBC35FD60058CFD793CFA" box="[704,759,470,489]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sicilia</collectingRegion>
/ 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B99ACB9FFBEBC35FF0405ABFF623F17" box="[164,236,497,516]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Nicolosi</collectingMunicipality>
/ 24.IV.’912 / leg. 
<collectorName id="26B75315FFBEBC35FE3605ABFE553F17" box="[406,475,497,516]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. Fiori</collectorName>
// 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE5505ABFDB33F17" box="[501,573,497,516]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Aphaen.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FDE305ABFD763F17" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1915" box="[579,760,497,516]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="gibbosa" variety="fiorii">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FDE305ABFD363F17" box="[579,696,497,516]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">gibbosa fiorii</emphasis>
Emery
</taxonomicName>
(handwritten) // LECTOTYPUS / des. Alicata &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FD9E0656FD383F0C" author="Schifani" box="[574,694,524,543]" firstAuthor="Schifani" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="323 - 348" refId="ref18389" refString="SCHIFANI E. &amp; ALICATA A. 2018: Exploring the myrmecofauna of Sicily: thirty-two new ant species recorded, including six new to Italy and many new aliens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Polish Journal of Entomology 87: 323 - 348." type="journal article" year="2018">Schifani 2018</bibRefCitation>
// Coll. C. Emery / Museo Genova //ANTWEB / 
<specimenCode id="DBE49EB8FFBEBC35FE53067CFD1E3F2A" box="[499,656,550,569]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">CASENT0904175</specimenCode>
// 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FD05067CFF733F47" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1915" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FD05067CFF733F47" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<originalDetermination id="A85C8E3FFFBEBC35FD05067CFF733F47" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Aphaenogaster fiorii</originalDetermination>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ det. 
<determinerName id="7E21DA07FFBEBC35FE97061BFE553F47" box="[311,475,577,596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Alicata &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FE34061BFE553F47" author="Schifani" box="[404,475,577,596]" firstAuthor="Schifani" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="323 - 348" refId="ref18389" refString="SCHIFANI E. &amp; ALICATA A. 2018: Exploring the myrmecofauna of Sicily: thirty-two new ant species recorded, including six new to Italy and many new aliens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Polish Journal of Entomology 87: 323 - 348." type="journal article" year="2018">Schifani</bibRefCitation>
</determinerName>
2018 [Nicolosi (CT) – 
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FD0E061BFD7E3F47" box="[686,752,577,596]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MSNG</collectionCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FF370606FEFF3FAC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3756365303" collectingDate="1912-04-24" collectionCode="MSNG" collectorName="A. Fiori" determinerName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" location="Nicolosi" municipality="Nicolosi" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicilia" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<typeStatus id="54F98861FFBEBC35FF370606FE953F7E" box="[151,283,604,623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
: 1 ☿, 
<collectingRegion id="4986F821FFBEBC35FEF70606FE013F7C" box="[343,399,604,623]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sicilia</collectingRegion>
/ 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B99ACB9FFBEBC35FE060606FE7E3F7C" box="[422,496,604,623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Nicolosi</collectingMunicipality>
/ 24.IV.’912 / leg. 
<collectorName id="26B75315FFBEBC35FD030606FD6D3F7C" box="[675,739,604,623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A.Fiori</collectorName>
// PARALECTOTYPUS / des. Alicata &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FE47062CFDD13F9A" author="Schifani" box="[487,607,630,649]" firstAuthor="Schifani" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="323 - 348" refId="ref18389" refString="SCHIFANI E. &amp; ALICATA A. 2018: Exploring the myrmecofauna of Sicily: thirty-two new ant species recorded, including six new to Italy and many new aliens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Polish Journal of Entomology 87: 323 - 348." type="journal article" year="2018">Schifani 2018</bibRefCitation>
// Coll. C. Emery / Museo Genova // 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FE9E06CBFE613FB7" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1915" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[318,495,657,676]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE9E06CBFE613FB7" box="[318,495,657,676]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<originalDetermination id="A85C8E3FFFBEBC35FE9E06CBFE613FB7" box="[318,495,657,676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Aphaenogaster fiorii</originalDetermination>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ det. 
<determinerName id="7E21DA07FFBEBC35FD8506CBFD493FB7" box="[549,711,657,676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Alicata &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FD2006CBFD493FB7" author="Schifani" box="[640,711,657,676]" firstAuthor="Schifani" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="323 - 348" refId="ref18389" refString="SCHIFANI E. &amp; ALICATA A. 2018: Exploring the myrmecofauna of Sicily: thirty-two new ant species recorded, including six new to Italy and many new aliens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Polish Journal of Entomology 87: 323 - 348." type="journal article" year="2018">Schifani</bibRefCitation>
</determinerName>
2018 [Nicolosi (CT) – 
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FE8506F6FEE93FAC" box="[293,359,684,703]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MSNG</collectionCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FED306F6FE783E1C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3756365301" collectingDate="1912-04-24" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="A. Fiori" determinerName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" location="Nicolosi" municipality="Nicolosi" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicilia">
1☿, 
<collectingRegion id="4986F821FFBEBC35FE3706F6FE433FAC" box="[407,461,684,703]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sicilia</collectingRegion>
/ 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B99ACB9FFBEBC35FE7B06F6FDAD3FAC" box="[475,547,684,703]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Nicolosi</collectingMunicipality>
/ 24.IV.’912 / leg. 
<collectorName id="26B75315FFBEBC35FD1A06F6FD763FAC" box="[698,760,684,703]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A.Fiori</collectorName>
// 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FF09069CFF7F3FCA" box="[169,241,710,729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Aphaen.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FF56069CFE273FCA" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1915" box="[246,425,710,729]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="gibbosa" variety="fiorii">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FF56069CFEE43FCA" box="[246,362,710,729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">gibbosa fiorii</emphasis>
Emery
</taxonomicName>
// PARALECTOTYPUS / des. Alicata &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FF0D06BBFEAD3FE7" author="Schifani" box="[173,291,737,756]" firstAuthor="Schifani" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="323 - 348" refId="ref18389" refString="SCHIFANI E. &amp; ALICATA A. 2018: Exploring the myrmecofauna of Sicily: thirty-two new ant species recorded, including six new to Italy and many new aliens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Polish Journal of Entomology 87: 323 - 348." type="journal article" year="2018">Schifani 2018</bibRefCitation>
// Coll.A. Forel // 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FE6206BBFDFC3FE7" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1915" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[450,626,737,756]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE6206BBFDFC3FE7" box="[450,626,737,756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<originalDetermination id="A85C8E3FFFBEBC35FE6206BBFDFC3FE7" box="[450,626,737,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Aphaenogaster fiorii</originalDetermination>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ det. 
<determinerName id="7E21DA07FFBEBC35FD0506BBFF503E1C" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Alicata &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FF3706A6FF503E1C" author="Schifani" box="[151,222,764,783]" firstAuthor="Schifani" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="323 - 348" refId="ref18389" refString="SCHIFANI E. &amp; ALICATA A. 2018: Exploring the myrmecofauna of Sicily: thirty-two new ant species recorded, including six new to Italy and many new aliens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Polish Journal of Entomology 87: 323 - 348." type="journal article" year="2018">Schifani</bibRefCitation>
</determinerName>
2018 [Nicolosi (CT) – 
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FE0706A6FE633E1C" box="[423,493,764,783]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD36C3FFBEBC35FF37074CFD093A17" blockId="2.[151,761,284,1796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FF37074CFE4C3E3A" bold="true" box="[151,450,790,809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FE6B074CFE913E4C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260312" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE6B074CFDFD3E3A" bold="true" box="[459,627,790,809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<collectingRegion id="4986F821FFBEBC35FE6B074CFD923E3B" box="[459,540,790,809]" name="MALTESE ISLANDS" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MALTESE</collectingRegion>
ISLANDS:
</emphasis>
M 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FD30074CFD153E3A" box="[656,667,790,809]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ġ</emphasis>
arr, Gozo, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FF37076BFF7D3E57" box="[151,243,817,836]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1965-04-23">23.iv.1965</date>
, leg. C. Baroni Urbani, sub. 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FE43076BFE953E4C" authority="(BARONI URBANI 1968) (MSNV)" authorityName="MSNM, MSNV" baseAuthorityName="BARONI URBANI" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="crocea" subSpecies="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE43076BFDE23E57" box="[483,620,817,836]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. crocea sicula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FDD7076BFF4D3E4C" author="BARONI URBANI" firstAuthor="BARONI URBANI" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="408 - 559" refId="ref16051" refString="BARONI URBANI C. 1968: Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. IV. La fauna mirmecologica delle isole Maltesi ed il suo significato ecologico e biogeografico. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 77: 408 - 559." type="journal article" year="1968">BARONI URBANI 1968</bibRefCitation>
) (MSNV)
</taxonomicName>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FE820716FDFE3E6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260354" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Mistra, Malta, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FE3E0716FE743E4C" box="[414,506,844,863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1965-04-22">22.iv.1965</date>
, leg. C. Baroni Urbani, sub. 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FD450716FDE23E6A" authority="(BARONI URBANI 1968) (MSNM, MSNV)" authorityName="MSNM, MSNV" baseAuthorityName="BARONI URBANI" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="crocea" subSpecies="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FD450716FE873E6A" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. crocea sicula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FEB4073CFE493E6A" author="BARONI URBANI" box="[276,455,870,889]" firstAuthor="BARONI URBANI" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="408 - 559" refId="ref16051" refString="BARONI URBANI C. 1968: Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. IV. La fauna mirmecologica delle isole Maltesi ed il suo significato ecologico e biogeografico. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 77: 408 - 559." type="journal article" year="1968">BARONI URBANI 1968</bibRefCitation>
) (MSNM, MSNV)
</taxonomicName>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FDD5073CFEAE3EBC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260304" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Buskett, Malta, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FF3707DBFF7C3E87" box="[151,242,897,916]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1965-04-15">15.iv.1965</date>
, leg. C. Baroni Urbani, sub. 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FE4307DBFE953EBC" authority="(BARONI URBANI 1968) (MSNV)" authorityName="MSNM, MSNV" baseAuthorityName="BARONI URBANI" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="crocea" subSpecies="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE4307DBFDE23E87" box="[483,620,897,916]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. crocea sicula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FDD707DBFF4D3EBC" author="BARONI URBANI" firstAuthor="BARONI URBANI" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="408 - 559" refId="ref16051" refString="BARONI URBANI C. 1968: Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. IV. La fauna mirmecologica delle isole Maltesi ed il suo significato ecologico e biogeografico. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 77: 408 - 559." type="journal article" year="1968">BARONI URBANI 1968</bibRefCitation>
) (MSNV)
</taxonomicName>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FE8307C6FD0A3EDA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260316" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Tal-Blata (Selmun), Malta, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FDAA07C6FDE93EBC" box="[522,615,924,943]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1978-09-04">04.ix.1978</date>
, leg. S.P. Schembri, sub 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FF7807ECFD0E3EDA" authority="(SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD 1981) (SSLM)" authorityName="SSLM" baseAuthorityName="SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[216,640,950,969]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FF7807ECFE913EDA" box="[216,287,950,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A.sicula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FE8907ECFDA13EDA" author="SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD" box="[297,559,950,969]" firstAuthor="SCHEMBRI" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="417 - 442" refId="ref18346" refString="SCHEMBRI S. P. &amp; COLLINGWOOD C. A. 1981: A revision of the myrmecofauna of the Maltese Islands (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 83: 417 - 442." type="journal article" year="1981">SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD 1981</bibRefCitation>
) (SSLM)
</taxonomicName>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FD2707ECFE293EEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260361" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Buskett, Malta, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FF10078BFF7C3EF7" box="[176,242,977,996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1975-06">vi.1975</date>
, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FF59078BFEB23EF7" box="[249,316,977,996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1976-06">vi.1976</date>
, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FEE3078BFE083EF7" box="[323,390,977,996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1976-09">ix.1976</date>
, leg. S. P. Schembri, sub 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FDF4078BFE2D3EEC" authority="(SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD 1981) (SSLM)" authorityName="SSLM" baseAuthorityName="SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FDF4078BFD133EF7" box="[596,669,977,996]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. sicula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FD08078BFEDE3EEC" author="SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD" firstAuthor="SCHEMBRI" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="417 - 442" refId="ref18346" refString="SCHEMBRI S. P. &amp; COLLINGWOOD C. A. 1981: A revision of the myrmecofauna of the Maltese Islands (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 83: 417 - 442." type="journal article" year="1981">SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD 1981</bibRefCitation>
) (SSLM)
</taxonomicName>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FE0B07B6FD76390A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260321" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Ghajn Tuffieha, Malta, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FDCF07B6FD5D3EEC" box="[623,723,1004,1023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1975-12-27">27.xii.1975</date>
, sub 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FF37005CFD8F390A" authority="(SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD 1981)" authorityName="SSLM" baseAuthorityName="SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[151,513,1030,1049]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FF37005CFF6F390A" box="[151,225,1030,1049]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. sicula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FF4C005CFE75390A" author="SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD" box="[236,507,1030,1049]" firstAuthor="SCHEMBRI" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="417 - 442" refId="ref18346" refString="SCHEMBRI S. P. &amp; COLLINGWOOD C. A. 1981: A revision of the myrmecofauna of the Maltese Islands (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 83: 417 - 442." type="journal article" year="1981">SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD 1981</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, leg. S. P. Schembri (
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FD12005CFD60390A" box="[690,750,1030,1049]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SSLM</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FF37007BFE79395C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260357" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Wied Qannotta, Malta, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FEFF007BFE333927" box="[351,445,1057,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1978-03-25">25.iii.1978</date>
, sub 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FE49007BFDBD3927" authorityName="SSLM" baseAuthorityName="SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[489,563,1057,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE49007BFDBD3927" box="[489,563,1057,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBEBC35FD9F007BFF79395C" author="SCHEMBRI S. P. &amp; COLLINGWOOD C. A." journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="417 - 442" part="83" refId="ref18346" refString="SCHEMBRI S. P. &amp; COLLINGWOOD C. A. 1981: A revision of the myrmecofauna of the Maltese Islands (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 83: 417 - 442." title="A revision of the myrmecofauna of the Maltese Islands (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1981">SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD 1981</bibRefCitation>
), leg. S. P. Schembri (
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FE100066FE62395C" box="[432,492,1084,1103]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SSLM</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FE5B0066FD8B397A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260308" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Dingli, Buskett, Malta, mixed forest, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FF74000CFEA5397A" box="[212,299,1110,1129]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1997-10-29">29.x.1997</date>
, leg. A. Alicata (
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FE62000CFE75397A" box="[450,507,1110,1129]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">AACI</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FDAC000CFD073997" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260384" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Golden Bay, M 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FD32000CFD13397A" box="[658,669,1110,1129]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ġ</emphasis>
arr, Malta, Mediterranean maquis, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FEC1002BFE363997" box="[353,440,1137,1156]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1997-10-31">31.x.1997</date>
, leg. A. Alicata (
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FDE6002BFDF13997" box="[582,639,1137,1156]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">AACI</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FD2D002BFD5C398C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260377" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Golden Bay, M 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FF0A00D6FF3B398C" box="[170,181,1164,1183]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ġ</emphasis>
arr, Gozo, Malta, meadow, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FE0300D6FE74398C" box="[419,506,1164,1183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1997-10-31">31.x.1997</date>
, leg. A. Alicata (
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FD2F00D6FD46398C" box="[655,712,1164,1183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">AACI</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FD7800D6FE9039FC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260311" latitude="36.056168" longitude="14.30122" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
San Blas, Gozo, Malta, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE765004FFBEBC35FEE400FCFE4B39AA" box="[324,453,1190,1209]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="22.20" value="36.056168">
36°03 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FED700FCFEF239AA" box="[375,380,1190,1209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">′</emphasis>
22.20 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE0C00FCFE3B39AA" box="[428,437,1190,1209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">″</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE765004FFBEBC35FE7100FCFDDF39AA" box="[465,593,1190,1209]" degrees="14" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="04.39" value="14.30122">
14°18 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FDA400FCFD8739AA" box="[516,521,1190,1209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">′</emphasis>
04.39 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FD9900FCFDCC39AA" box="[569,578,1190,1209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">″</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
, area populated by marginal synanthropic vegetation near crops, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FD80009BFDF339C7" box="[544,637,1217,1236]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2017-11-19">19.xi.2017</date>
, 25 m, leg. R. Viviano (
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FF440086FE9A39FC" box="[228,276,1244,1263]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ESPI</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FE810086FDE73837" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260339" latitude="35.986885" longitude="14.330906" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Marfa, Malta, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE765004FFBEBC35FE390086FD9939FC" box="[409,535,1244,1263]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="12.78" value="35.986885">
35°59 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE6B0086FE5E39FC" box="[459,464,1244,1263]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">′</emphasis>
12.78 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FDA00086FD8739FC" box="[512,521,1244,1263]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">″</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE765004FFBEBC35FDBC0086FD1439FC" box="[540,666,1244,1263]" degrees="14" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="51.26" value="14.330906">
14°19 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FDEE0086FDDD39FC" box="[590,595,1244,1263]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">′</emphasis>
51.26 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FD230086FD0239FC" box="[643,652,1244,1263]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">″</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CBA9B26FFBEBC35FD020086FD4C39FC" box="[674,706,1244,1263]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
, small area populated by 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FE9000ACFE54381A" authorityName="Brullo" authorityYear="1988" box="[304,474,1270,1289]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plumbaginaceae" genus="Limonium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melitense">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE9000ACFE54381A" box="[304,474,1270,1289]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Limonium melitense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
between a road and a sandy beach in a touristic area, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FE9B014BFE163837" box="[315,408,1297,1316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2017-11-19">19.xi.2017</date>
, leg. A. Dentici (
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FD8F014BFDD13837" box="[559,607,1297,1316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ESPI</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FDCF014BFE49382C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260301" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FDCF014BFD763837" bold="true" box="[623,760,1297,1316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<collectingCountry id="F3557653FFBEBC35FDCF014BFD3F3837" box="[623,689,1297,1316]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ITALY</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="4986F821FFBEBC35FD1B014BFD7F3831" box="[699,753,1297,1316]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SICILY</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Pendici M. Pagano, Caronia (ME),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FE6E0176FD04384A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260332" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Sicily, Italy, 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FD9D0176FD34382C" box="[573,698,1324,1343]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suber">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FD9D0176FD34382C" box="[573,698,1324,1343]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Quercus suber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest, 
<quantity id="4CBA9B26FFBEBC35FF37011CFF5C384A" box="[151,210,1350,1369]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FF7D011CFEB4384A" box="[221,314,1350,1369]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1987-11-07">07.xi.1987</date>
, pitfall traps, leg. D. Caruso (
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FDE7011CFD0E384A" box="[583,640,1350,1369]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">AACI</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FD31011CFEF938BA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260333" latitude="37.941742" longitude="15.099391" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
F. S. Paolo, Francavilla (ME), Sicily, Italy, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE765004FFBEBC35FE0C013BFDA33867" box="[428,557,1377,1396]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="30.27" value="37.941742">
37°56 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE7F013BFE6A3867" box="[479,484,1377,1396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">′</emphasis>
30.27 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FDB3013BFD923867" box="[531,540,1377,1396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">″</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE765004FFBEBC35FD99013BFD203867" box="[569,686,1377,1396]" degrees="15" direction="east" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="57.81" value="15.099391">
15°5 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FDC2013BFDE93867" box="[610,615,1377,1396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">′</emphasis>
57.81 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FD36013BFD113867" box="[662,671,1377,1396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">″</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CBA9B26FFBEBC35FD1A013BFD7B3867" box="[698,757,1377,1396]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
, deciduous forest of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FEC80126FD81389C" box="[360,527,1404,1423]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FEC80126FD81389C" box="[360,527,1404,1423]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Quercus pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FDF50126FD3C389C" box="[597,690,1404,1423]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1993-06-28">28.vi.1993</date>
, leg. A. Alicata (
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FF4401CCFE9238BA" box="[228,284,1430,1449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">AACI</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FE8801CCFEE038BA" box="[296,366,1430,1449]" country="Italy" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15546" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Herbarium">MSNM</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FEDF01CCFDD438CC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260314" latitude="37.144585" longitude="14.949162" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
V.ne Calcinara, Sortino (SR), Sicily, Italy, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE765004FFBEBC35FF3701EBFE8038D7" box="[151,270,1457,1476]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="8" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="40.50" value="37.144585">
37°8 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FF6001EBFF4B38D7" box="[192,197,1457,1476]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">′</emphasis>
40.50 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FF5401EBFF7338D7" box="[244,253,1457,1476]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">″</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE765004FFBEBC35FEB801EBFE1638D7" box="[280,408,1457,1476]" degrees="14" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="56.98" value="14.949162">
14°56 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FEEB01EBFEDE38D7" box="[331,336,1457,1476]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">′</emphasis>
56.98 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE2001EBFE0738D7" box="[384,393,1457,1476]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">″</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CBA9B26FFBEBC35FE0201EBFE5538D7" box="[418,475,1457,1476]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="565.0">565 m</quantity>
, deciduous forest of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FD1001EBFF6038CC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FD1001EBFF6038CC" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Quercus pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FE8D0196FE0138CC" box="[301,399,1484,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1995-07-25">25.vii.1995</date>
, leg.A.Alicata (
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FDB70196FDDE38CC" box="[535,592,1484,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">AACI</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FDFD0196FEAE3B3C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260315" latitude="37.634342" longitude="15.116956" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Bosco S. Maria La Stella,Aci S.Antonio (CT), Sicily, Italy, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE765004FFBEBC35FE4901BCFDD138EA" box="[489,607,1510,1529]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="3.62" value="37.634342">
37°38 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FDBC01BCFDAF38EA" box="[540,545,1510,1529]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">′</emphasis>
3.62 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FDE601BCFDC138EA" box="[582,591,1510,1529]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">″</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE765004FFBEBC35FDC701BCFD5F38EA" box="[615,721,1510,1529]" degrees="15" direction="east" minutes="7" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="1.04" value="15.116956">
15°7 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FD2F01BCFD1A38EA" box="[655,660,1510,1529]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">′</emphasis>
1.04 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FD1901BCFD4C38EA" box="[697,706,1510,1529]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">″</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CBA9B26FFBEBC35FD7801BCFF243B07" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="395.0">395 m</quantity>
, deciduous forest of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FED6025BFD943B07" box="[374,538,1537,1556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FED6025BFD943B07" box="[374,538,1537,1556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Quercus pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FDFA025BFD373B07" box="[602,697,1537,1556]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1997-03-10">10.iii.1997</date>
, leg.A. Alicata (
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FF7E0246FE983B3C" box="[222,278,1564,1583]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">AACI</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FE830246FDF83B5A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260376" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Palazzolo Acreide (SR), Sicily, Italy, private garden near the archaeological area, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FEFE026CFE213B5A" box="[350,431,1590,1609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1998-06-05">5.vi.1998</date>
, leg.A.Alicata (
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FD94026CFDE23B5A" box="[564,620,1590,1609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">AACI</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FDD9026CFD923B6C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260355" latitude="37.031467" longitude="14.939325" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Bosco di Baulì, Noto (SR), Sicily, Italy, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE765004FFBEBC35FEC1020BFE6D3B77" box="[353,483,1617,1636]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="53.28" value="37.031467">
37°01 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE34020BFE173B77" box="[404,409,1617,1636]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">′</emphasis>
53.28 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE69020BFE5C3B77" box="[457,466,1617,1636]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">″</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE765004FFBEBC35FE4B020BFDE43B77" box="[491,618,1617,1636]" degrees="14" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="21.57" value="14.939325">
14°56 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FDBE020BFDAD3B77" box="[542,547,1617,1636]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">′</emphasis>
21.57 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FDF2020BFDD53B77" box="[594,603,1617,1636]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">″</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CBA9B26FFBEBC35FDD2020BFD273B77" box="[626,681,1617,1636]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="620.0">620 m</quantity>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FD10020BFF3B3B6C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FD10020BFF3B3B6C" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Quercus ilex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FF520236FEDA3B6C" box="[242,340,1644,1663]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1998-07-12">12.vii.1998</date>
, leg.A.Alicata (
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FE7A0236FD9C3B6C" box="[474,530,1644,1663]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">AACI</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FDBF0236FE233BA7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260345" latitude="37.71664" longitude="14.868103" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Pratofiorito,Adrano (CT), Sicily, Italy, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE765004FFBEBC35FEA002DCFE0C3B8A" box="[256,386,1670,1689]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="59.90" value="37.71664">
37°42 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE9302DCFEB63B8A" box="[307,312,1670,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">′</emphasis>
59.90 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FEC802DCFEFF3B8A" box="[360,369,1670,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">″</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE765004FFBEBC35FE2902DCFE703B8A" box="[393,510,1670,1689]" degrees="14" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="5.17" value="14.868103">
14°52 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE1C02DCFE4F3B8A" box="[444,449,1670,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">′</emphasis>
5.17 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE4602DCFE613B8A" box="[486,495,1670,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">″</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CBA9B26FFBEBC35FDA602DCFDC33B8A" box="[518,589,1670,1689]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="1000.0">1,000 m</quantity>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FDF402DCFD303B8A" box="[596,702,1670,1689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FDF402DCFD303B8A" box="[596,702,1670,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Quercus ilex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FF3702FBFF623BA7" box="[151,236,1697,1716]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2002-05-18">18.v.2002</date>
, leg.G.Carcò (
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FECB02FBFE2D3BA7" box="[363,419,1697,1716]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">AACI</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FE1002FBFD1D3BDC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260334" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
R.N.O.Grotta Conza (PA), Sicily, Italy, mixed forest, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FEA802E6FEEA3BDC" box="[264,356,1724,1743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2006-06-27">27.vi.2006</date>
, pitfall traps, leg.R.Grasso (
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FDF002E6FD063BDC" box="[592,648,1724,1743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">AACI</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C9EFFBEBC35FD3602E6FD093A17" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3758260370" latitude="37.605553" longitude="14.244834" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Buonriposo (EN), Sicily, Italy, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE765004FFBEBC35FE96028CFE233BFA" box="[310,429,1750,1769]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="20.0" value="37.605553">
37°36 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FEC9028CFEE03BFA" box="[361,366,1750,1769]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">′</emphasis>
20.0 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE33028CFE123BFA" box="[403,412,1750,1769]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">″</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE765004FFBEBC35FE16028CFDA53BFA" box="[438,555,1750,1769]" degrees="14" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="41.4" value="14.244834">
14°14 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FE49028CFE603BFA" box="[489,494,1750,1769]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">′</emphasis>
41.4 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FDB3028CFD923BFA" box="[531,540,1750,1769]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">″</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CBA9B26FFBEBC35FD93028CFDE53BFA" box="[563,619,1750,1769]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FDD2028CFF7A3A17" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBEBC35FDD2028CFF333A17" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">Quercus pubescens</taxonomicName>
group
</emphasis>
, pitfall trap, 
<date id="FFFC1003FFBEBC35FEC302ABFE383A17" box="[355,438,1777,1796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2007-11-06">6.xi.2007</date>
, leg. A. Alicata (
<collectionCode id="ED53AE06FFBEBC35FDE402ABFDF33A17" box="[580,637,1777,1796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">AACI</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3586548FFBEBC33FF370347FDBB3C26" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFD36C3FFBEBC35FF370347FADE3E66" blockId="2.[151,760,1821,2068]" lastBlockId="2.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FF370347FE0B3A27" bold="true" box="[151,389,1821,1844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Worker redescription</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13792A46FFBEBC35FE310347FD8D3A27" box="[401,515,1821,1844]" captionStart="Figs 3–11" captionStartId="3.[151,188,2012,2031]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,386,1990]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[153,1434,386,1990]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 3–11. Workers in dorsal, lateral and head view (scale bar: 0.50 mm): 3, 4, 9 – Aphaenogaster fiorii Emery, 1915, stat. nov., non-type worker from Malta; 5, 6, 10 – A. sicula Emery, 1908, non-type worker from M. Pellegrino, Sicily, Italy (type locality); 7, 8, 11 – A. trinacriae sp. nov., holotype worker AACI-ANTP001/1 from M. Sparagio, Sicily, Italy. Photos by Enrico Schifani." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504972" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504972/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 3, 4, 9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13792A46FFBEBC35FDAC0347FDC13A27" box="[524,591,1821,1844]" captionStart="Figs 12–19" captionStartId="4.[151,187,1930,1949]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,714,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[165,1423,714,1911]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 12–19.Workers mesosomata in dorsal and lateral view, which allows the observation of several diagnostic features of each species (some are highlighted by arrows). Scale bar: 0.50 mm. 12, 13 – Aphaenogaster fiorii Emery, 1915, stat. nov., non-type worker from Malta; arrows pointing at the peculiar shape of the mesonotum. 14, 15 – A. sicula Emery, 1908, non-type worker from M. Pellegrino (PA), Sicily, Italy (type locality). 16, 17 – A. trinacriae sp. nov., non-type worker from Bosco della Ficuzza (PA), Sicily, Italy; arrows pointing at the characteristic promesonotal suture.18–19 – Aphaenogaster subterranea ichnusa Santschi, 1925: 18 – non-type worker from M. Petroso (PA), Sicily, Italy; 19 – non-type worker from Bosco della Ficuzza (PA), Sicily, Italy; arrow pointing at the characteristic profile corresponding to the marked metanotal groove. Photos by Enrico Schifani." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504974/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">12, 13</figureCitation>
). Measurements and indices (42 individuals, 8 localities): HL: 1.14 ± 0.06 (1.05–1.27); HW: 0.97 ± 0.07 (0.82–1.15); CI: 85.28 ± 2.66 (78.57–93.75); FW: 0.85 ± 0.06 (0.75–1.00); SL: 1.23 ± 0.6 (1.12–1.37); SI: 126.48 ± 4.93 (117.77–139.39); MW: 0.61 ± 0.04 (0.52–0.75); ML: 1.53 ± 0.08 (1.37–1.75). Whole body yellow except for first gastral segment which is darker. Head subrectangular, lateral margins under eyes slightly rounded, posterior margin of head straight. Anterior margin of clypeus gradually convex, mandibles rounded. Antennae with twelve segments, antennal club with four segments. Promesonotal suture only slightly marked, the two forming almost continuous dorsal profile in lateral view. In lateral view dorsal profile of metanotum presents slight depression or it is straight. Dorsal profile of propodeum mostly straight, spines variable in size but always well-defined, often oriented upwards. Sculpture relatively weak and shiny in general. Head finely reticulated with longitudinal striae mostly limited to lateral areas under eyes, sparsely present above eyes and variably on mandibles. Mesepisternum and propodeum reticulated with fine longitudinal striae, pronotum finely imbricate, gaster smooth, petiole and postpetiole finely imbricate to reticulate. Suberect and erect setae sparse all over head, decumbent setae on mandibles, adpressed setae on scapes and adpressed to subdecumbent setae on flagellomeres. Long setae extending down from clypeus. Erect setae over dorsal surface of mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole, and all over gaster. Mostly adpressed, partly suberect setae on legs, with sparse erect setae on coxae and femora.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD36C3FFBEBC35FC9C0724FACB3BC6" blockId="2.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FC9C0724FB8D3E86" bold="true" box="[828,1027,894,917]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Male description</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13792A46FFBEBC35FBB40724FB4B3E86" box="[1044,1221,894,917]" captionStart="Figs 20–28" captionStartId="7.[151,188,2011,2030]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,695,1997]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1436,695,1997]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 20–28. Males in dorsal, lateral (scale bar: 0.50 mm) and head view (scale bar: 0.25 mm). 20, 21, 26 – Aphaenogaster fiorii Emery, 1915, stat. nov., non-type male from Bosco di Aci S. Antonio, Sicily, Italy. 22, 23, 27 – A. sicula Emery, 1908, non-type male from Ficuzza, Sicily, Italy. 24, 25, 28 – A. trinacriae sp. nov., paratype male AACI-ANTP003/1 from M. Sparagio, Sicily, Italy. Photos by Enrico Schifani." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504976" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504976/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 20, 21, 26</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13792A46FFBEBC35FB740724FA913E86" box="[1236,1311,894,917]" captionStart="Figs 29‒34" captionStartId="8.[154,191,1975,1994]" captionTargetBox="[146,775,1321,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[131,802,1305,1961]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 29‒34. Males genitals, view of the inner face of lacinia and volsella (left) and of the subgenital plate (right). 29, 30 – Aphaenogaster fiorii Emery, 1915, stat. nov. 31, 32 – A. sicula Emery, 1908. 33, 34 – A. trinacriae sp. nov. Drawings by Antonio Alicata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504978/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">29, 30</figureCitation>
). Measurements and indices (3 individuals, 1 locality): HL: 0.68 ± 0.01; HW: 0.72 ± 0.02; CI: 106.12 ± 4.31; FW: 0.46 ± 0.01; SL: 0.20 ± 0.00; SI: 27.60 ± 0.95; MW: 0.82 ± 0.02; ML: 1.67 ± 0.04. Whole body yellowish except for head which is dark brown. All appendages paler than rest of body. Head subtrapezoidal, occipital margin rounded, anterior margin of clypeus convex, eyes large and oval. Antennae with thirteen segments, antennal club with five segments. Mesosoma elongated, with anterior gibbous part formed by prothorax, mesothorax and part of metathorax, and posterior part comparatively flat formed by part of metathorax and propodeum. Promesonotal suture well marked, pronotum and mesonotum convex in lateral view, rounded on side. Metathorax arched, consisting of subvertical and subhorizontal part. Subhorizontal part, in dorsal view, becomes very narrow in proximity of subvertical part. Propodeum not much thicker than horizontal part of metathorax in lateral view. Propodeal spines are absent and only represented by two tubercles. Petiole elongated, petiolar node and postpetiolar node rounded, both dorsally presenting shallow longitudinal suture in center. Scape very short, covered by rare decumbent setae, decumbent to subdecumbent setae also present on head, mesosoma and legs, a few erect setae on mesosoma, coxae, petiole and postpetiole and suberect to erect setae on gaster. Head finely reticulated, rest of body smooth and shiny.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD36C3FFBEBC33FC9C0284FDBB3C26" blockId="2.[828,1437,190,2069]" lastBlockId="4.[151,760,190,693]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBEBC35FC9C0284FB823BE6" bold="true" box="[828,1036,1758,1781]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Queen description</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13792A46FFBEBC35FBBB0284FB4E3BE6" box="[1051,1216,1758,1781]" captionStart="Fig 35‒43" captionStartId="10.[151,179,1974,1993]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,496,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[151,1436,496,1961]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 35‒43. Queens in dorsal, lateral view (scale bar: 1.00 mm), detail of spines in lateral view (no scale bar) and head view (scale bar: 0.50 mm). 35, 36, 41 – Aphaenogaster fiorii Emery, 1915, stat. nov., non-type queen from Bosco di Aci S. Antonio, Sicily, Italy. 37, 38, 42 – A. sicula Emery, 1908, non-type queen from Contrada Catuffo, pendici M. Sparagio, Sicily, Italy. 39, 40, 43 – A. trinacriae sp. nov., paratype queen AACI-ANTP002/1 from M. Sparagio, Sicily, Italy. Photos by Enrico Schifani." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504980/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 35, 36, 41</figureCitation>
). Measurements and indices (4 individuals, 2 localities): HL: 1.48 ± 0.04; HW: 1.46 ± 0.03; CI: 98.75 ± 0.01; FW: 1.25 ± 0.04; SL: 1.42 ± 0.04; SI: 97.42 ± 1.01; MW: 1.35 ± 0.03; ML: 2.53 ± 0.04. Whole body yellowish, with darker areas on gaster. Head subrectangular, lateral surface below eyes slightly rounded, posterior margin of head straight.Anterior margin of clypeus slightly convex, mandibles rounded. Antennae with twelve segments, antennal club with four segments. Pronotum rounded in dorsal view, propodeal spines relatively long, horizontal and with wide base. Petiole with long peduncle and node convex on both sides, postpetiole with anterior concave side and posterior slightly convex side. Entire head, except clypeus and occipital margin, densely covered with longitudinal striae. Long and more marked striae are subparallel to each other. Between them, less marked striae can be found often crossing each other. Mesosoma mostly shiny, with horizontal striae appearing in proximity of sutures, across propodeum and posterior faces of petiole and postpetiole. Adpressed to decumbent setae on antennae, suberect to mostly erect setae on head, dorsal part of mesosoma, of petiole and postpetiole and all over gaster. Long setae extending down from clypeus. Adpressed to decumbent setae on legs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3D664BFFBFBC34FF370386FCFB3537" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504972" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4504972" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504972/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[151,188,2012,2031]" targetBox="[153,1434,386,1990]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BFD36C3FFBFBC34FF370386FCFB3537" blockId="3.[151,1436,2012,2084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Figs 3–11. Workers in dorsal, lateral and head view (scale bar: 0.50 mm): 3, 4, 9 – 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBFBC34FCFB0386FB0E3AFC" authority="Emery, 1915" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1915" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[859,1152,2012,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBFBC34FCFB0386FB853AFC" box="[859,1035,2012,2031]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Aphaenogaster fiorii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBFBC34FBB10386FB0E3AFC" author="Emery" box="[1041,1152,2012,2031]" firstAuthor="Emery" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="244 - 270" refId="ref16989" refString="EMERY C. 1915: Contributo alla conoscenza delle formiche delle isole italiane. Descrizioni di forme mediterranee nuove o critiche. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 46: 244 - 270." type="journal article" year="1915">Emery, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFBFBC34FB280386FB563AFC" box="[1160,1240,2012,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, non-type worker from Malta; 5, 6, 10 – 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBFBC34FE9003ACFE7D351A" authority="Emery, 1908" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1908" box="[304,499,2038,2057]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBFBC34FE9003ACFEF2351A" box="[304,380,2038,2057]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. sicula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFBFBC34FE2203ACFE7D351A" author="Emery" box="[386,499,2038,2057]" firstAuthor="Emery" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="305 - 338" refId="ref16950" refString="EMERY C. 1908: Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des palaarktischen Faunengebietes. (Hym.) (Fortsetzung.) III. Die mit Aphaenogaster verwandte Gattungengruppe. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1908: 305 - 338." type="journal article" year="1908">Emery, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, non-type worker from M. Pellegrino, Sicily, Italy (type locality); 7, 8, 11 – 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFBFBC34FB2E03ACFB72351A" authority="Alicata &amp; Schifani, 2019" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" box="[1166,1276,2038,2057]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinacriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFBFBC34FB2E03ACFB72351A" box="[1166,1276,2038,2057]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. trinacriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFBFBC34FAA303ACFAC7351A" box="[1283,1353,2038,2057]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype worker AACI-ANTP001/1 from M. Sparagio, Sicily, Italy. Photos by Enrico Schifani.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3586548FFB8BC33FF370564FEE33FA6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFD36C3FFB8BC33FF370564FEE33FA6" blockId="4.[151,760,190,693]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FF370564FEF53C46" bold="true" box="[151,379,318,341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Systematic position.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FE220564FDD13C46" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[386,607,318,341]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FE220564FDD13C46" box="[386,607,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Aphaenogaster fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB8BC33FDC60564FD493C46" box="[614,711,318,341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was originally described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB8BC33FE2E0504FD913C66" author="EMERY" box="[398,543,350,373]" firstAuthor="EMERY" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="79 - 275" refId="ref17026" refString="EMERY C. 1916: Fauna entomologica italiana. I. Hymenoptera. - Formicidae. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 47: 79 - 275." type="journal article" year="1916">EMERY (1916)</bibRefCitation>
as a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FD410504FE173C86" authority="(Latreille, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FD410504FF643C86" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. gibbosa</emphasis>
(Latreille, 1798)
</taxonomicName>
, until 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB8BC33FE750524FD763C86" author="SALATA &amp; BOROWIEC" box="[469,760,382,405]" firstAuthor="SALATA" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref18227" refString="SALATA S. &amp; BOROWIEC L. 2018 a: Redescription of Aphaenogaster muschtaidica Emery, 1908 with a key to gibbosa species group. Asian Myrmecology 10 (e 010002): 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2018" yearSuffix="a">SALATA &amp; BOROWIEC (2018a)</bibRefCitation>
recombined it as 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FEF105C4FDA33CA6" box="[337,557,414,437]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="subterranea" subSpecies="fiorii">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FEF105C4FDA33CA6" box="[337,557,414,437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. subterranea fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They excluded 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FD4105C4FF453CC6" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FD4105C4FF453CC6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB8BC33FF7205E4FEBC3CC6" box="[210,306,446,469]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FE3905E4FE633CC6" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[409,493,446,469]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FE3905E4FE633CC6" box="[409,493,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">gibbosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group on the basis of its body color, head shape, funicular segments, and length of the scape, claiming that these same characters instead make it part of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FE180644FDD93F26" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[440,599,542,565]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FE180644FDD93F26" box="[440,599,542,565]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. Due to the degree of morphological differences from any other congeneric species, relevant in all three castes (see also comparative diagnosis), we consider 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FDCB0624FD4F3F86" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[619,705,638,661]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FDCB0624FD4F3F86" box="[619,705,638,661]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB8BC33FD6B0624FF4B3FA6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
a 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FF7D06C4FEE83FA6" box="[221,358,670,693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">bona species</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3586548FFB8BC32FC9C04E4FD8F3C46" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFD36C3FFB8BC32FC9C04E4FD8F3C46" blockId="4.[828,1437,189,693]" lastBlockId="5.[151,761,190,2069]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FC9C04E4FB153DC6" bold="true" box="[828,1179,189,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Comparative diagnosis. 
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FBE604E7FB153DC6" bold="true" box="[1094,1179,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Worker.</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Yellow color of the body and appendages and the darker first gastral tergite allow to distinguish immediately 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FBCE04A4FB4A3C06" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1134,1220,254,277]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FBCE04A4FB4A3C06" box="[1134,1220,254,277]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB8BC33FB6E04A4FABD3C06" box="[1230,1331,254,277]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the vast majority of other sympatric 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FB050544FAC83C26" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1853" box="[1189,1350,286,309]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FB050544FAC83C26" box="[1189,1350,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Aphaenogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (with the exception of recently emerged workers whose pigmentation is yellowish in many other species). Among the sympatric species, only in 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FB260524FA833C86" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1158,1293,382,405]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FB260524FA833C86" box="[1158,1293,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. splendida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fully formed workers can appear similarly colored at first sight, but their mesosoma is much more elongated. Lightly colored young workers of other species or specimens with poorly preserved color can all be excluded by examining the mesosoma in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13792A46FFB8BC33FB8C0644FB2B3F26" box="[1068,1189,542,565]" captionStart="Figs 12–19" captionStartId="4.[151,187,1930,1949]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,714,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[165,1423,714,1911]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 12–19.Workers mesosomata in dorsal and lateral view, which allows the observation of several diagnostic features of each species (some are highlighted by arrows). Scale bar: 0.50 mm. 12, 13 – Aphaenogaster fiorii Emery, 1915, stat. nov., non-type worker from Malta; arrows pointing at the peculiar shape of the mesonotum. 14, 15 – A. sicula Emery, 1908, non-type worker from M. Pellegrino (PA), Sicily, Italy (type locality). 16, 17 – A. trinacriae sp. nov., non-type worker from Bosco della Ficuzza (PA), Sicily, Italy; arrows pointing at the characteristic promesonotal suture.18–19 – Aphaenogaster subterranea ichnusa Santschi, 1925: 18 – non-type worker from M. Petroso (PA), Sicily, Italy; 19 – non-type worker from Bosco della Ficuzza (PA), Sicily, Italy; arrow pointing at the characteristic profile corresponding to the marked metanotal groove. Photos by Enrico Schifani." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504974/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 12–19</figureCitation>
): 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FB140644FA8D3F26" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1204,1283,542,565]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FB140644FA8D3F26" box="[1204,1283,542,565]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB8BC33FAA70644FAED3F26" box="[1287,1379,542,565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
lacks the typical very marked metanotal groove of 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FAA30664FA123F46" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1283,1436,574,597]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="subterranea">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FAA30664FA123F46" box="[1283,1436,574,597]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB8BC33FC9C0604FCED3F66" box="[828,867,606,629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the promesonotal suture is significantly less marked than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FC330624FB913F86" authority="Alicata &amp; Schifani, 2019" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" box="[915,1055,638,661]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinacriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FC330624FB913F86" box="[915,1055,638,661]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. trinacriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB8BC33FB8A0624FB0D3F86" box="[1066,1155,638,661]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and the mesonotum less rounded and convex than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FBCC06C4FB443FA6" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1908" box="[1132,1226,670,693]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FBCC06C4FB443FA6" box="[1132,1226,670,693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FB4E06C4FAF93FA6" authority="Alicata &amp; Schifani, 2019" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" box="[1262,1399,670,693]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinacriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FB4E06C4FAF93FA6" box="[1262,1399,670,693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. trinacriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB8BC32FADE06C4FF4B3DC6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Among North African species, none shares the unique mesonotal shape or color pattern of 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FDA90484FDD63DE6" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[521,600,222,245]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FDA90484FDD63DE6" box="[521,600,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FD410484FEA53C06" authority="crocea" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="crocea" subSpecies="crocea">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FD410484FEA53C06" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. crocea crocea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FE9704A4FD1C3C06" authority="Forel, 1890" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[311,658,254,277]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="crocea" subSpecies="croceoides">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FE9704A4FD9F3C06" box="[311,529,254,277]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. crocea croceoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FDB704A4FD1C3C06" author="Forel" box="[535,658,254,277]" firstAuthor="Forel" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="61 - 76" refId="ref17078" refString="FOREL A. 1890: Fourmis de Tunisie et de l ' Algerie orientale recoltees et decrites par Auguste Forel. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 34: 61 - 76." type="journal article" year="1890">Forel, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FD3B04A4FE213C26" authority="Forel, 1890" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="crocea" subSpecies="splendidoides">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FD3B04A4FEA43C26" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A crocea splendidoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FE910544FE213C26" author="Forel" box="[305,431,286,309]" firstAuthor="Forel" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="61 - 76" refId="ref17078" refString="FOREL A. 1890: Fourmis de Tunisie et de l ' Algerie orientale recoltees et decrites par Auguste Forel. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 34: 61 - 76." type="journal article" year="1890">Forel, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FE470544FD793C26" authority="Forel, 1890" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[487,759,286,309]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strioloides">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FE470544FDF83C26" box="[487,630,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. strioloides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FDDC0544FD793C26" author="Forel" box="[636,759,286,309]" firstAuthor="Forel" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="61 - 76" refId="ref17078" refString="FOREL A. 1890: Fourmis de Tunisie et de l ' Algerie orientale recoltees et decrites par Auguste Forel. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 34: 61 - 76." type="journal article" year="1890">Forel, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
are considerably more sculptured.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3D664BFFB8BC33FF3703D0FB7E3530" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504974" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4504974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504974/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[151,187,1930,1949]" targetBox="[165,1423,714,1911]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BFD36C3FFB8BC33FF3703D0FB7E3530" blockId="4.[151,1437,1930,2083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figs 12–19.Workers mesosomata in dorsal and lateral view, which allows the observation of several diagnostic features of each species (some are highlighted by arrows). Scale bar: 0.50 mm. 12, 13 – 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FDB703FFFCB53AAB" authority="Emery, 1915" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1915" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[535,827,1957,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FDB703FFFD493AAB" box="[535,711,1957,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Aphaenogaster fiorii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB8BC33FD6C03FFFCB53AAB" author="Emery" box="[716,827,1957,1976]" firstAuthor="Emery" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="244 - 270" refId="ref16989" refString="EMERY C. 1915: Contributo alla conoscenza delle formiche delle isole italiane. Descrizioni di forme mediterranee nuove o critiche. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 46: 244 - 270." type="journal article" year="1915">Emery, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB8BC33FCE303FFFC1C3AAB" box="[835,914,1957,1976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, non-type worker from Malta; arrows pointing at the peculiar shape of the mesonotum. 14, 15 – 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FE1F039AFDF13AC0" authority="Emery, 1908" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1908" box="[447,639,1984,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FE1F039AFD843AC0" box="[447,522,1984,2003]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. sicula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB8BC33FDAF039AFDF13AC0" author="Emery" box="[527,639,1984,2003]" firstAuthor="Emery" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="305 - 338" refId="ref16950" refString="EMERY C. 1908: Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des palaarktischen Faunengebietes. (Hym.) (Fortsetzung.) III. Die mit Aphaenogaster verwandte Gattungengruppe. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1908: 305 - 338." type="journal article" year="1908">Emery, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, non-type worker from M. Pellegrino (PA), Sicily, Italy (type locality). 16, 17 – 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FA8F039AFA123AC0" authority="Alicata &amp; Schifani, 2019" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" box="[1327,1436,1984,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinacriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FA8F039AFA123AC0" box="[1327,1436,1984,2003]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. trinacriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB8BC33FF370380FF553AFE" box="[151,219,2010,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, non-type worker from Bosco della Ficuzza (PA), Sicily, Italy; arrows pointing at the characteristic promesonotal suture.18–19 – 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB8BC33FABB0380FE62351B" authority="Santschi, 1925: 18" authorityName="Santschi" authorityPageNumber="18" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="subterranea" subSpecies="ichnusa">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB8BC33FABB0380FEC8351B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Aphaenogaster subterranea ichnusa</emphasis>
Santschi, 1925: 18
</taxonomicName>
– non-type worker from M. Petroso (PA), Sicily, Italy; 19 – non-type worker from Bosco della Ficuzza (PA), Sicily, Italy; arrow pointing at the characteristic profile corresponding to the marked metanotal groove. Photos by Enrico Schifani.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3586548FFB9BC32FF150507FDF43B26" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFD36C3FFB9BC32FF150507FD1439A6" blockId="5.[151,761,190,2069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FF150507FF7D3C66" bold="true" box="[181,243,349,373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Male.</emphasis>
The male of 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FE270504FE573C66" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[391,473,350,373]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FE270504FE573C66" box="[391,473,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB9BC32FE420504FDCC3C66" box="[482,578,350,373]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has a yellowish- brown color (except the head) not to be confused with any other sympatric species if color is well preserved. In addition, only some 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FECC05E4FD843CC6" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1853" box="[364,522,446,469]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FECC05E4FD843CC6" box="[364,522,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aphaenogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males present a mesosoma with an anterior gibbous part and a comparatively flat posterior part like 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FEF905A4FE273F06" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[345,425,510,533]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FEF905A4FE273F06" box="[345,425,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB9BC32FE1005A4FD813F06" box="[432,527,510,533]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Among the sympatric species that do so, 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FEF90644FE523F26" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[345,476,542,565]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FEF90644FE523F26" box="[345,476,542,565]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. splendida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished at the very first sight by different shape of the metathorax, forming a decisively slenderer area before the propodeum in lateral view (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FEE40624FE4A3F86" author="EMERY" box="[324,452,638,661]" firstAuthor="EMERY" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="305 - 338" refId="ref16950" refString="EMERY C. 1908: Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des palaarktischen Faunengebietes. (Hym.) (Fortsetzung.) III. Die mit Aphaenogaster verwandte Gattungengruppe. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1908: 305 - 338." type="journal article" year="1908">EMERY 1908</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FE6C0624FD8A3F86" author="EMERY" box="[460,516,638,661]" firstAuthor="EMERY" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="79 - 275" refId="ref17026" refString="EMERY C. 1916: Fauna entomologica italiana. I. Hymenoptera. - Formicidae. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 47: 79 - 275." type="journal article" year="1916">1916</bibRefCitation>
). The male of 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FD340624FE9A3FA6" authority="Mayr, 1853" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sardoa">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FD340624FD763F86" box="[660,760,638,661]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. sardoa</emphasis>
Mayr, 1853
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FEF006C4FE623FA6" author="SANTSCHI" box="[336,492,670,693]" firstAuthor="SANTSCHI" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="278 - 287" refId="ref18301" refString="SANTSCHI F. 1911: Formicides de diverses provenances. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 55: 278 - 287." type="journal article" year="1911">SANTSCHI 1911</bibRefCitation>
) is larger, darker, with a visibly less gibbous anterior part and much more abundant erect setae on the body. 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FE330684FD2E3FE6" authority="Alicata &amp; Schifani, 2019" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" box="[403,672,734,757]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinacriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FE330684FD2E3FE6" box="[403,672,734,757]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aphaenogaster trinacriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB9BC32FD070684FD773FE6" box="[679,761,734,757]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FF6606A4FEAD3E06" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1908" box="[198,291,766,789]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FF6606A4FEAD3E06" box="[198,291,766,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present the most similar males, but besides being darker, they do not possess the two tubercles on the propodeum as pronounced and with the same shape. In the case of 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FF450704FEB13E66" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1908" box="[229,319,862,885]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FF450704FEB13E66" box="[229,319,862,885]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the metathorax also forms a slenderer area before the propodeum, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FE100724FDBD3E86" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" box="[432,563,894,917]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinacriae">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FE100724FDBD3E86" box="[432,563,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. trinacriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished by the well-developed enlarged flat areas on the sides of the propodeum (better observed in dorsal view).The shape of the mesosoma also distinctively separates 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FDB80784FDEB3EE6" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[536,613,990,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FDB80784FDEB3EE6" box="[536,613,990,1013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB9BC32FDC80784FD4C3EE6" box="[616,706,990,1013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the somewhat similar Maghrebian species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FDC107A4FD483906" authorityName="Andre" authorityYear="1881" box="[609,710,1022,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crocea">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FDC107A4FD483906" box="[609,710,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. crocea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FF370044FEB23926" author="CAGNIANT" box="[151,316,1054,1077]" firstAuthor="CAGNIANT" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="61 - 69" refId="ref16594" refString="CAGNIANT H. 1966: Nouvelle description d ' Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) crocea (Andre) Hymenoptere Formicidae. Representation des trois castes. Notes biologiques. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 91: 61 - 69." type="journal article" year="1966">CAGNIANT 1966</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FEEF0044FDD43926" authority="Cagniant, 1969" authorityName="Cagniant" authorityYear="1969" box="[335,602,1054,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faureli">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FEEF0044FE3C3926" box="[335,434,1054,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. faureli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FE190044FDD43926" author="Cagniant" box="[441,602,1054,1077]" firstAuthor="Cagniant" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="232 - 235" refId="ref16635" refString="CAGNIANT H. 1969: Description d ' Aphaenogaster crocea faureli n. subsp. d ' Algerie (Hym. Formicidae, Myrmicinae). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 73: 232 - 235." type="journal article" year="1969">Cagniant, 1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FD330044FF403946" author="CAGNIANT" firstAuthor="CAGNIANT" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="232 - 235" refId="ref16635" refString="CAGNIANT H. 1969: Description d ' Aphaenogaster crocea faureli n. subsp. d ' Algerie (Hym. Formicidae, Myrmicinae). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 73: 232 - 235." type="journal article" year="1969">CAGNIANT 1969</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FF7E0064FDA53946" authority="Dalla Torre, 1893" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1893" box="[222,555,1086,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mauritanica">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FF7E0064FEF83946" box="[222,374,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. mauritanica</emphasis>
Dalla Torre, 1893
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FDFD0064FD7A3946" author="SANTSCHI" box="[605,756,1086,1109]" firstAuthor="SANTSCHI" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="338 - 346" refId="ref18324" refString="SANTSCHI F. 1932: Etudes sur quelques Attomyrma palearctiques. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 15: 338 - 346." type="journal article" year="1932">SANTSCHI 1932</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FF370004FEB33966" author="CAGNIANT" box="[151,317,1118,1141]" firstAuthor="CAGNIANT" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="31 - 43" refId="ref16760" refString="CAGNIANT H. 1987: Aphaenogaster nadigi Santschi, bona species (n. status). EOS, Revista Espanola de Entomologia 62: 31 - 43." type="journal article" year="1987">CAGNIANT 1987</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FEF10004FDD63966" authority="Santschi, 1923" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1923" box="[337,600,1118,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nadigi">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FEF10004FE3D3966" box="[337,435,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. nadigi</emphasis>
Santschi, 1923
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FD330004FF413986" author="CAGNIANT" firstAuthor="CAGNIANT" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="31 - 43" refId="ref16760" refString="CAGNIANT H. 1987: Aphaenogaster nadigi Santschi, bona species (n. status). EOS, Revista Espanola de Entomologia 62: 31 - 43." type="journal article" year="1987">CAGNIANT 1987</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FF430024FE7A3986" authority="Forel, 1890" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[227,500,1150,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strioloides">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FF430024FEFE3986" box="[227,368,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. strioloides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FED90024FE7A3986" author="Forel" box="[377,500,1150,1173]" firstAuthor="Forel" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="61 - 76" refId="ref17078" refString="FOREL A. 1890: Fourmis de Tunisie et de l ' Algerie orientale recoltees et decrites par Auguste Forel. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 34: 61 - 76." type="journal article" year="1890">Forel, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FD8F0024FD433986" author="SANTSCHI" box="[559,717,1150,1173]" firstAuthor="SANTSCHI" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="338 - 346" refId="ref18324" refString="SANTSCHI F. 1932: Etudes sur quelques Attomyrma palearctiques. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 15: 338 - 346." type="journal article" year="1932">SANTSCHI 1932</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FD410024FEFA39A6" authority="Santschi, 1923" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theryi">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FD410024FF5A39A6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. theryi</emphasis>
Santschi, 1923
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FE0A00C4FDC239A6" author="CAGNIANT" box="[426,588,1182,1205]" firstAuthor="CAGNIANT" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="139 - 143" refId="ref16709" refString="CAGNIANT H. 1986: Contribution a la connaissance des fourmis marocaines: description des sexues et complements a la definition de l ' espece Aphaenogaster theryi Santschi 1923 (Hymenopteres, Formicoidea, Myrmicidae). Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 122: 139 - 143." type="journal article" year="1986">CAGNIANT 1986</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FDF600C4FD0039A6" author="CAGNIANT" box="[598,654,1182,1205]" firstAuthor="CAGNIANT" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="67 - 85" refId="ref16789" refString="CAGNIANT H. 1996: Les Aphaenogaster du Maroc (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): cle et catalogue des especes. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 32: 67 - 85." type="journal article" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD36C3FFB9BC32FF1500E7FDF43B26" blockId="5.[151,761,190,2069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FF1500E7FE8A39C6" bold="true" box="[181,260,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Queen.</emphasis>
As for the other castes, the color pattern of the yellowish queen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FEC70084FE3639E6" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[359,440,1246,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FEC70084FE3639E6" box="[359,440,1246,1269]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB9BC32FE1D0084FD9339E6" box="[445,541,1246,1269]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is unique among the other sympatric 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FE9F00A4FE513806" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1853" box="[319,479,1278,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FE9F00A4FE513806" box="[319,479,1278,1301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aphaenogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(even 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FD8400A4FD283806" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[548,678,1278,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FD8400A4FD283806" box="[548,678,1278,1301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. splendida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more reddish and also bears a well-defined transverse black stripe on the gaster). The mesosoma shape is different from most species, and only shares a significant similarity to 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FD410104FE8C3886" authority="Alicata &amp; Schifani, 2019" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinacriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FD410104FE8C3886" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. trinacriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB9BC32FEAA0124FED13886" box="[266,351,1406,1429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FECD0124FE453886" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1908" box="[365,459,1406,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FECD0124FE453886" box="[365,459,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FDA10124FD2F3886" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[513,673,1406,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="subterranea">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FDA10124FD2F3886" box="[513,673,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB9BC32FD080124FD413886" box="[680,719,1406,1429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
All of them differ in their color as well as spines shape and length: in 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FEA501E4FED638C6" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[261,344,1470,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FEA501E4FED638C6" box="[261,344,1470,1493]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB9BC32FEC001E4FE4F38C6" box="[352,449,1470,1493]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
the spines are both long and thick. Finally, regarding the Maghrebian 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FDF60184FD7938E6" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1853" box="[598,759,1502,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FDF60184FD7938E6" box="[598,759,1502,1525]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aphaenogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fauna, the scarcity of information in the literature does not allow a proper comparison with their queens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3586548FFB9BC32FF370264FABD3E86" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFD36C3FFB9BC32FF370264FABD3E86" blockId="5.[151,761,190,2069]" lastBlockId="5.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FF370264FD163B46" bold="true" box="[151,664,1598,1621]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution and biogeographical remarks (</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="13792A46FFB9BC32FD380264FD623B46" box="[664,748,1598,1621]" captionStart="Fig 44" captionStartId="12.[152,180,579,598]" captionTargetBox="[151,760,188,562]" captionTargetId="figure-561@12.[151,760,188,562]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 44. Distribution of Aphaenogaster fiorii Emery, 1915, stat. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504982/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FF370204FEE43B66" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[151,362,1630,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FF370204FEE43B66" box="[151,362,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aphaenogaster fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB9BC32FECE0204FE473B66" box="[366,457,1630,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is present both in Sicily (from where it was originally described) and the Maltese islands (at least 
<collectingCountry id="F3557653FFB9BC32FF4A02C4FEA93BA6" box="[234,295,1694,1717]" name="Malta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Malta</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingRegion id="4986F821FFB9BC32FEF502C4FE1C3BA6" box="[341,402,1694,1717]" country="Malta" name="Zebbug" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gozo</collectingRegion>
). Its presence in the Maltese islands was unknown until now due to misidentification as 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FD3F02E4FD763BC6" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1908" box="[671,760,1726,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FD3F02E4FD763BC6" box="[671,760,1726,1749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FF1A0284FE243BE6" author="BARONI URBANI" box="[186,426,1758,1781]" firstAuthor="BARONI URBANI" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="408 - 559" refId="ref16051" refString="BARONI URBANI C. 1968: Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. IV. La fauna mirmecologica delle isole Maltesi ed il suo significato ecologico e biogeografico. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 77: 408 - 559." type="journal article" year="1968">BARONI URBANI (1968)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FE410284FF6E3A06" author="SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD" firstAuthor="SCHEMBRI" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="417 - 442" refId="ref18346" refString="SCHEMBRI S. P. &amp; COLLINGWOOD C. A. 1981: A revision of the myrmecofauna of the Maltese Islands (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 83: 417 - 442." type="journal article" year="1981">SCHEMBRI &amp; COLLINGWOOD (1981)</bibRefCitation>
. When 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FE8C02A4FD9A3A06" author="BARONI URBANI" box="[300,532,1790,1813]" firstAuthor="BARONI URBANI" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="408 - 559" refId="ref16051" refString="BARONI URBANI C. 1968: Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. IV. La fauna mirmecologica delle isole Maltesi ed il suo significato ecologico e biogeografico. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 77: 408 - 559." type="journal article" year="1968">BARONI URBANI (1968)</bibRefCitation>
affirmed that workers of 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FF110344FEDE3A26" authorityName="MSNM, MSNV" baseAuthorityName="BARONI URBANI" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[177,336,1822,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="crocea" subSpecies="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FF110344FEDE3A26" box="[177,336,1822,1845]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. crocea sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F3557653FFB9BC32FE2A0344FE483A26" box="[394,454,1822,1845]" name="Malta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Malta</collectingCountry>
were more monomorphic than the ones of the same species from Sicily, he was comparing misidentified workers of 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FE020304FE7A3A66" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[418,500,1886,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FE020304FE7A3A66" box="[418,500,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB9BC32FE5C0304FDD53A66" box="[508,603,1886,1909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F3557653FFB9BC32FD3E0304FD553A66" box="[670,731,1886,1909]" name="Malta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Malta</collectingCountry>
to misidentified workers of 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FE3E0324FF453AA6" authority="Santschi, 1925" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="subterranea" subSpecies="ichnusa">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FE3E0324FD1C3A86" box="[414,658,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. subterranea ichnusa</emphasis>
Santschi, 1925
</taxonomicName>
from Sicily (material examined by us, published in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FD7003C4FEC13AC6" author="BARONI URBANI C." firstAuthor="BARONI URBANI" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="25 - 66" refId="ref16019" refString="BARONI URBANI C. 1964: Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. II. Formiche di Sicilia. Atti dell' Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania 16: 25 - 66." type="journal article" year="1964">BARONI URBANI 1964</bibRefCitation>
– the presence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FDA703E4FD793AC6" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1925" box="[519,759,1982,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="subterranea" subSpecies="ichnusa">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FDA703E4FD793AC6" box="[519,759,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. subterranea ichnusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Sicily is illustrated in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FE3B0384FD283AE6" author="SCHIFANI &amp; ALICATA" box="[411,678,2014,2037]" firstAuthor="SCHIFANI" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="323 - 348" refId="ref18389" refString="SCHIFANI E. &amp; ALICATA A. 2018: Exploring the myrmecofauna of Sicily: thirty-two new ant species recorded, including six new to Italy and many new aliens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Polish Journal of Entomology 87: 323 - 348." type="journal article" year="2018">SCHIFANI &amp; ALICATA 2018</bibRefCitation>
). While in Sicily 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FF5603A4FEC83506" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[246,326,2046,2069]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FF5603A4FEC83506" box="[246,326,2046,2069]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB9BC32FEEC03A4FE253506" box="[332,427,2046,2069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
appears to be distinctively rare, in 
<collectingCountry id="F3557653FFB9BC32FCF704E4FC1A3DC6" box="[855,916,190,213]" name="Malta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Malta</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingRegion id="4986F821FFB9BC32FC6704E4FB8E3DC6" box="[967,1024,190,213]" country="Malta" name="Zebbug" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gozo</collectingRegion>
it seems much more common (see also under Ecology). This could be partially explained by the reduced competition due to the reduced richness of the local ant fauna in the Maltese islands, including the 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FAB20544FCD73C46" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FAB20544FCD73C46" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aphaenogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fauna, which is only represented by 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FB7A0564FAD03C46" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1242,1374,318,341]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FB7A0564FAD03C46" box="[1242,1374,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. splendida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and a few species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FBA90504FB303C66" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[1033,1214,350,373]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceopilosa">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FBA90504FB303C66" box="[1033,1214,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. testaceopilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group there. Conversely, in Sicily 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FBB30524FB1B3C86" authority="Alicata &amp; Schifani, 2019" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" box="[1043,1173,382,405]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinacriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FBB30524FB1B3C86" box="[1043,1173,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. trinacriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB9BC32FB3A0524FB643C86" box="[1178,1258,382,405]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FB520524FAC73C86" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1908" box="[1266,1353,382,405]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FB520524FAC73C86" box="[1266,1353,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FAF50524FC183CA6" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="subterranea">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FAF50524FC183CA6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB9BC32FC3B05C4FC313CA6" box="[923,959,414,437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and perhaps even 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FBDE05C4FA123CA6" authority="(Nylander, 1849)" baseAuthorityName="Nylander" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[1150,1436,414,437]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FBDE05C4FB6B3CA6" box="[1150,1253,414,437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. pallida</emphasis>
(Nylander, 1849)
</taxonomicName>
may represent more pressuring competitors. The SiculoMaltese chorology is known for many other taxa: Sicily and the Maltese islands were connected by a land bridge at least during the last glacial maximum in correspondence with the Hyblaean Plateau in South-Eastern Sicily (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FAA30664FC1A3F66" author="SHACKLETON" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="SHACKLETON" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="307 - 314" refId="ref18630" refString="SHACKLETON J. C., VAN ANDEL T. H. &amp; RUNNELS C. N. 1984: Coastal paleogeography of the central and western Mediterranean during the last 125,000 years and its archaeological implications. Journal of Field Archaeology 11: 307 - 314." type="journal article" year="1984">SHACKLETON et al. 1984</bibRefCitation>
). To this regard, it is to be noted that 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FABB0604FAE53F66" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1307,1387,606,629]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FABB0604FAE53F66" box="[1307,1387,606,629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB9BC32FAD20604FCE73F86" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is seemingly more common in Eastern Sicily than in Western Sicily. Finally, 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FB8D06C4FBF53FA6" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1069,1147,670,693]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FB8D06C4FBF53FA6" box="[1069,1147,670,693]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB9BC32FBDF06C4FB553FA6" box="[1151,1243,670,693]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was once recorded from Sardinia (Iglesias) by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FBFE06E4FB753FC6" author="GRANDI" box="[1118,1275,702,725]" firstAuthor="GRANDI" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="81 - 255" refId="ref17354" refString="GRANDI G. 1935: Contributi alla conoscenza degli Imenotteri Aculeati. XV. Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia dell'Universita di Bologna 26: 81 - 255." type="journal article" year="1935">GRANDI (1935)</bibRefCitation>
. Unfortunately, we did not manage to examine any voucher specimen in Grandi’s collection to verify this record. Considering the taxonomic confusion which has affected the identity of this taxon until now, we consider Grandi’s record unlikely to truly refer to 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FC640704FB9A3E66" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[964,1044,862,885]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FC640704FB9A3E66" box="[964,1044,862,885]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB9BC32FBBA0704FBF93E66" box="[1050,1143,862,885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and instead possibly related to a misidentification of 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FB9A0724FAA23E86" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1925" box="[1082,1324,894,917]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="subterranea" subSpecies="ichnusa">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FB9A0724FAA23E86" box="[1082,1324,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. subterranea ichnusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3586548FFB9BC32FC9C07C4FAFB3886" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFD36C3FFB9BC32FC9C07C4FAFB3886" blockId="5.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FC9C07C4FC143EA6" bold="true" box="[828,922,926,949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ecology.</emphasis>
In 
<collectingCountry id="F3557653FFB9BC32FC1907C4FC783EA6" box="[953,1014,926,949]" name="Malta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Malta</collectingCountry>
the species has been frequently collected in thermophilous oak forest, but it has also been found in open areas such as a meadow on a clay soil (the usual habitat of 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FC2E07A4FC623906" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1908" box="[910,1004,1022,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FC2E07A4FC623906" box="[910,1004,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Sicily), a very small coastal area with 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FC9C0044FB9A3926" authorityName="Brullo" authorityYear="1988" box="[828,1044,1054,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plumbaginaceae" genus="Limonium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melitense">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FC9C0044FB9A3926" box="[828,1044,1054,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Limonium melitense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
surrounded by a road and a touristic facility, and within an area with synanthropic vegetation near crops. Moreover, it was also collected in a Mediterranean maquis. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FC6D0024FB3A3986" author="BARONI URBANI" box="[973,1204,1150,1173]" firstAuthor="BARONI URBANI" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="408 - 559" refId="ref16051" refString="BARONI URBANI C. 1968: Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. IV. La fauna mirmecologica delle isole Maltesi ed il suo significato ecologico e biogeografico. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 77: 408 - 559." type="journal article" year="1968">BARONI URBANI (1968</bibRefCitation>
, sub 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FB490024FA1A3986" authorityName="MSNM, MSNV" baseAuthorityName="BARONI URBANI" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[1257,1428,1150,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="crocea" subSpecies="sicula">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FB490024FA1A3986" box="[1257,1428,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. crocea sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) found it in areas with a relatively large percentage of organic matter, such as anthropogenic areas characterized by trees, shrubs or herbaceous cover. In Sicily, it was found in oak forests and even indoors in a country house, always at higher altitudes than in the Maltese islands. 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FB5D0144FCFE3846" authorityName="Alicata &amp; Schifani" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FB5D0144FCFE3846" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aphaenogaster fiorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557AAFFB9BC32FCD80164FC543846" box="[888,986,1342,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
seems to represent the most ecologically varied of the three species here treated in terms of habitat preferences. It is collected between 
<quantity id="4CBA9B26FFB9BC32FB1A0124FB6D3886" box="[1210,1251,1406,1429]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="4CBA9B26FFB9BC32FAB60124FAFF3886" box="[1302,1393,1406,1429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1000.0">1,000 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3586548FFB9BC32FC9C01C4FB973A06" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BFD36C3FFB9BC32FC9C01C4FB973A06" blockId="5.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FC9C01C4FC5538A6" bold="true" box="[828,987,1438,1461]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Conservation.</emphasis>
Our data suggest that a large part of the existing global population of this species is concentrated in the relatively small islands of 
<collectingRegion id="4986F821FFB9BC32FB3F0184FB5738E6" box="[1183,1241,1502,1525]" country="Malta" name="Zebbug" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gozo</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F3557653FFB9BC32FAAE0184FAC138E6" box="[1294,1359,1502,1525]" name="Malta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Malta</collectingCountry>
, where it is widely distributed. While habitat transformation in these islands probably does not pose a huge risk (see under Ecology), potential future arrivals and outbreaks of dominant invasive ant species may be a serious threat for insular populations, as for example reported in the case of 
<taxonomicName id="4C424D40FFB9BC32FC9C02C4FBDD3BA6" authority="Santschi, 1911" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1911" box="[828,1107,1694,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperia">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FC9C02C4FC3A3BA6" box="[828,948,1694,1717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. hesperia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FC1802C4FBDD3BA6" author="Santschi" box="[952,1107,1694,1717]" firstAuthor="Santschi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="278 - 287" refId="ref18301" refString="SANTSCHI F. 1911: Formicides de diverses provenances. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 55: 278 - 287." type="journal article" year="1911">
Santschi, 
<quantity id="4CBA9B26FFB9BC32FBBF02C4FBDD3BA6" box="[1055,1107,1694,1717]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85394" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="1911.0">1911</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in Tenerife (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FB7702C4FAFE3BA6" author="BARQUIN" box="[1239,1392,1694,1717]" firstAuthor="BARQUIN" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref16124" refString="BARQUIN J. 1981: Las hormigas de Canarias. Taxonomia, ecologia y distribucion de los Formicidae. Coleccion Monografias (Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de La Laguna) 3: 1 - 584." type="journal article" year="1981">BARQUÍN 1981</bibRefCitation>
). To this regard, exotic ant species new to the Maltese islands unfortunately continue to be found (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FB1E0284FAC93BE6" author="GOMEZ" box="[1214,1351,1758,1781]" firstAuthor="GOMEZ" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="233 - 235" refId="ref17217" refString="GOMEZ K. 2017: Two species of exotic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) new to Malta. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 61: 233 - 235." type="journal article" year="2017">GÓMEZ 2017</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FAF20284FB803A06" author="SALATA &amp; BOROWIEC" firstAuthor="SALATA" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="132 - 134" refId="ref18264" refString="SALATA S. &amp; BOROWIEC L. 2018 b: Three ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) new to the fauna of Malta. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 63: 132 - 134." type="journal article" year="2018" yearSuffix="b">SALATA &amp; BOROWIEC 2018b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3586548FFB9BC32FC9C0344FB873506" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFD36C3FFB9BC32FC9C0344FB933A46" blockId="5.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FC9C0344FC183A26" bold="true" box="[828,918,1822,1845]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Biology.</emphasis>
Monogynous (no more than one queen per colony detected in the wild).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD36C3FFB9BC32FC9C0304FB873506" blockId="5.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B936EAD1FFB9BC32FC9C0304FC303A66" bold="true" box="[828,958,1886,1909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phenology.</emphasis>
In captive colonies, sexuals began to leave the nest from the second week of July to the first week of August, but no attempt to form an actual nuptial flight was detected (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B32FFB9BC32FC0303E4FBB73AC6" author="ALICATA" box="[931,1081,1982,2005]" firstAuthor="ALICATA" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref15895" refString="ALICATA A. 1999: Sistematica ed ecoetologia delle specie silvicole di Aphaenogaster Mayr, 1853 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Sicilia. Doctoral dissertation, University of Catania, Catania, 67 pp." type="book" year="1999">ALICATA 1999</bibRefCitation>
). In the wild it can be speculated that nuptial flights may start with the first relevant rains at the end of summer.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>