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<document id="6E0CC84CCC43F72FC284112D558F530E" ID-CLB-Dataset="194624" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.847.1981" ID-GBIF-Dataset="531573c2-bb29-4194-8c2a-dfb98b951640" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7359161" ID-ZooBank="EF8AD40D-0DD3-43F3-BE5A-93F0044C73FB" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669340019766" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Williams, Paul H., Dorji, Phurpa, Ren, Zongxin, Xie, Zhenghua &amp; Orr, Michael" docDate="2022" docId="03E28796FFEBFFC9FF57E4C8FE7FFD01" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-847_46-72.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 847" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.847.1981" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Bombus hypnorum" docType="key" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFDBFFEEFFE3FFC3FFBDE52FFFAEFFD1" masterDocTitle="Bumblebees of the hypnorum-complex world-wide including two new near-cryptic species (Hymenoptera: Apidae)" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="46" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1699398027000" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="2AF7AB0E3EDB13BC0265356AE5730189">Bumblebees of the hypnorum-complex world-wide including two new near-cryptic species (Hymenoptera: Apidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="474C5567500CCAA60A0BF8E013FEE2B9">Williams, Paul H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E6CD78A1CFD8CB4FDC62107503062F8B">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="983488C7AB4F607918CAFA7664F82183">Dorji, Phurpa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AB3513D5EDBB1A46E895B21BD5123AD4">Royal Society for Protection of Nature, Thimphu, Bhutan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="06A9A57872623705B4FDA642008D25E9">Ren, Zongxin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="126357F284B0612B9A2F440E534C61E9">Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1F436FB145B8D7209362A289F5902B7A" type="email">renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="36A3A56AFB3AFBCAC48A8FB8CB6CFDC2">Xie, Zhenghua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E8023CF2760EB3F5724079CFB71A9307">Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China. &amp; Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="8B9C1C5D6D12F5EE4834151D95AE48BB">Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China. &amp; Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C09D52CF42F4431869228489255D7C3B">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BEC267DF492F81C3E72DF989127D407F">2022</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C351650BFFEBFFCBFF57E4C8FE75FDD3" box="[234,475,487,514]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFF57E4C8FE75FDD3" bold="true" box="[234,475,487,514]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEBFFCBFF57E4C8FEC7FDD3" ID-CoL="MFL7" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[234,361,487,514]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypnorum">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFF57E4C8FEC7FDD3" bold="true" box="[234,361,487,514]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">hypnorum</emphasis>
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-complex
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEBFFCBFF00E724FC9DFDF4" authority="Williams, Sung, Lin &amp; Lu, 2022" authorityName="Williams, Sung, Lin &amp; Lu" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,819,523,549]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFF00E724FE1EFDF4" box="[189,432,523,549]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Bombus taiwanensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFEBFFCBFE0AE724FC9DFDF4" author="Williams P. H. &amp; Sung I. - H. &amp; Lin Y. - J. &amp; Lu S. - S." box="[439,819,523,549]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" pagination="435 - 447" refId="ref16207" refString="Williams P. H., Sung I. - H., Lin Y. - J. &amp; Lu S. - S. 2022. Discovering endemic species among the bumblebees of Taiwan (Apidae, genus Bombus). Journal of Natural History 56: 435 - 447. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2022.2052991" type="journal article" year="2022">Williams, Sung, Lin &amp; Lu, 2022</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEBFFCBFF00E701FD1BFD99" authority="Williams, Ren &amp; Xie" authorityName="Williams, Ren &amp; Xie" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,693,558,585]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wolongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFF00E701FE19FD99" box="[189,439,558,584]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Bombus wolongensis</emphasis>
Williams, Ren &amp; Xie
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFD00E701FCB5FD99" bold="true" box="[701,795,558,584]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57E9FFEBFFCBFD00E701FCB5FD99" box="[701,795,558,584]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEBFFCBFF00E77EFDEDFDBA" authority="Richards, 1930" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1930" box="[189,579,593,619]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryorum" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFF00E77EFE24FDBA" box="[189,394,593,619]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Bombus bryorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFEBFFCBFE2CE77EFDEDFDBA" author="Richards O. W." box="[401,579,593,619]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" pagination="633 - 658" refId="ref14397" refString="Richards O. W. 1930. The humble-bees captured on the expeditions to Mt. Everest (Hymenoptera, Bombidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) 5: 633 - 658. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933008673177" type="journal article" year="1930">Richards, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFDF7E77EFD1BFDBA" bold="true" box="[586,693,593,619]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57E9FFEBFFCBFDF7E77EFD1BFDBA" box="[586,693,593,619]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEBFFCBFF65E75AFDA4FD5E" blockId="8.[189,930,487,901]" box="[216,522,628,655]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEBFFCBFF4DE75BFDA4FD5E" authority="Richards, 1934" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1934" box="[240,522,628,655]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fletcheri">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFF4DE75BFEFFFD5F" box="[240,337,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">fletcheri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFEBFFCBFEE5E75BFDA4FD5E" author="Richards O. W." box="[344,522,628,655]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" pagination="87 - 90" refId="ref14446" refString="Richards O. W. 1934. Some new species and varieties of oriental humble-bees (Hym. Bombidae). Stylops 3: 87 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1934. tb 01552. x" type="journal article" year="1934">Richards, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEBFFCBFF00E7B7FDC5FD63" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[189,619,663,690]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypnorum">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFF00E7B7FE32FD63" box="[189,412,664,690]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Bombus hypnorum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFEBFFCBFE16E7B7FDCDFD63" author="Linnaeus C." box="[427,611,663,690]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" refId="ref13577" refString="Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema Naturae. Editio Decima, Reformata. Salvus, Holmiae [Stockholm]. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 10277 # page / 3 / mode / 1 up [accessed 1 Nov. 2022]." type="url" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEBFFCBFF65E794FE51FD07" blockId="8.[189,930,487,901]" box="[216,511,699,726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEBFFCBFF4DE794FE51FD07" authority="Erichson, 1851" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1851" box="[240,511,699,726]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calidus">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFF4DE794FEE8FD04" box="[240,326,699,725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">calidus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFEBFFCBFEF0E794FE51FD07" author="Erichson W. F." box="[333,511,699,726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" pagination="60 - 65" refId="ref12746" refString="Erichson W. F. 1851. Hymenoptera. In: Middendorff A. T. v. (ed.) Reise in den Aussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens, wahrend der Jahre 1843 und 1844 mit allerhochster Genehmigung auf Veranstaltung der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg ausgefuhrt und in Verbindung mit vielen Gelehrten herausgegeben. Band II. Zoologie. Theil 1: 60 - 65. Buchdruckerei der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, St Petersburg. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 37047877 # page / 74 / mode / 1 up [accessed 8 Nov. 2022]." type="journal article" year="1851">Erichson, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEBFFCBFF00E7F1FCD3FD29" blockId="8.[189,930,487,901]" box="[189,893,734,760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEBFFCBFF00E7F1FCA5FD29" authority="Sakagami &amp; Ishikawa, 1972" authorityName="Sakagami &amp; Ishikawa" authorityYear="1972" box="[189,779,734,760]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koropokkrus">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFF00E7F1FE19FD29" box="[189,439,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Bombus koropokkrus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFEBFFCBFE03E7F1FCA5FD29" author="Sakagami S. F. &amp; Ishikawa R." box="[446,779,734,760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" pagination="607 - 616" refId="ref14607" refString="Sakagami S. F. &amp; Ishikawa R. 1972. Note supplementaire sur la taxonomie et repartition geographique de quelques bourdons Japonais, avec la description d'une nouvelle sous-espece. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo: 15: 607 - 616." type="journal article" year="1972">Sakagami &amp; Ishikawa, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFCAFE7F1FCD3FD29" bold="true" box="[786,893,734,760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">stat. rev.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEBFFCBFF65E62DFC0CFCCA" blockId="8.[189,930,487,901]" box="[216,930,769,796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEBFFCBFF4DE62EFD00FCCA" authority="Sakagami &amp; Ishikawa, 1969" authorityName="Sakagami &amp; Ishikawa" authorityYear="1969" box="[240,686,769,795]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFF4DE62EFEF6FCCA" box="[240,344,769,795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">insularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFEBFFCBFEE2E62EFD00FCCA" author="Sakagami S. F. &amp; Ishikawa R." box="[351,686,769,795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" pagination="152 - 196" refId="ref14534" refString="Sakagami S. F. &amp; Ishikawa R. 1969. Note preliminaire sur la repartition geographique des bourdons japonais, avec descriptions et remarques sur quelques formes nouvelles ou peu connues. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University (Zoology) 17: 152 - 196. Available from http: // hdl. handle. net / 2115 / 27480 [accessed 9 Nov. 2022]." type="journal article" year="1969">Sakagami &amp; Ishikawa, 1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, not of
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFEBFFCBFCBAE62EFC0CFCCA" author="Smith F." box="[775,930,769,795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" pagination="146 - 155" refId="ref14717" refString="Smith F. 1861. Descriptions of new genera and species of exotic Hymenoptera. Journal of Entomology 1: 146 - 155." type="journal article" year="1861">Smith (1861)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEBFFCBFF00E60BFC97FCEE" blockId="8.[189,930,487,901]" box="[189,825,804,831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEBFFCBFF00E60BFD7DFCEF" authority="Williams, Ren &amp; Xie" authorityName="Williams, Ren &amp; Xie" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,723,804,831]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hengduanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFF00E60BFE7AFCEF" box="[189,468,804,830]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Bombus hengduanensis</emphasis>
Williams, Ren &amp; Xie
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFD67E60AFC97FCEE" bold="true" box="[730,825,805,831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57E9FFEBFFCBFD67E60AFC97FCEE" box="[730,825,805,831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEBFFCBFF00E667FDE9FCB3" blockId="8.[189,930,487,901]" box="[189,583,840,866]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEBFFCBFF00E667FDE9FCB3" authority="Cresson, 1863" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1863" box="[189,583,840,866]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFF00E667FE39FCB3" box="[189,407,840,866]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Bombus perplexus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFEBFFCBFE22E667FDE9FCB3" author="Cresson E. T." box="[415,583,840,866]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" pagination="83 - 116" refId="ref12385" refString="Cresson E. T. 1863. List of the North American species of Bombus and Apathus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 2: 83 - 116." type="journal article" year="1863">Cresson, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEBFFCBFF65E644FD8AFC54" blockId="8.[189,930,487,901]" box="[216,548,875,901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">
=
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFF4DE644FEDBFC54" box="[240,373,875,901]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">hudsonicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFEBFFCBFEC1E644FD8AFC54" author="Cresson E. T." box="[380,548,875,901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" pagination="83 - 116" refId="ref12385" refString="Cresson E. T. 1863. List of the North American species of Bombus and Apathus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 2: 83 - 116." type="journal article" year="1863">Cresson, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF346608FFEBFFCBFF00E231FEC6F839" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359165" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7359165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7359165/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" startId="8.[189,232,1822,1848]" targetBox="[355,1216,1044,1774]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEBFFCBFF00E231FEC6F839" blockId="8.[188,1400,1822,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFF00E231FEA0F8E9" bold="true" box="[189,270,1822,1848]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
Distribution of barcoded samples of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEBFFCBFCBDE231FCD8F8E9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[768,886,1822,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypnorum">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFCBDE231FCD8F8E9" box="[768,886,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">hypnorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex and
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEBFFCBFB98E230FAC1F8E9" authority="Cresson, 1863" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1863" box="[1061,1391,1822,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEBFFCBFB98E230FB15F8E9" box="[1061,1211,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">B. perplexus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFEBFFCBFB7EE231FAC1F8E9" author="Cresson E. T." box="[1219,1391,1822,1849]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" pagination="83 - 116" refId="ref12385" refString="Cresson E. T. 1863. List of the North American species of Bombus and Apathus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 2: 83 - 116." type="journal article" year="1863">Cresson, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with the interpretations as separate candidate species from Fig. 1 shown as different coloured spots as per the colour key on the left. Relief map with hill shading, polar projection (north pole shown as a star), the international boundaries and the Arctic Circle are shown as narrow grey lines, and the northern tree line shown as a broad grey line. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap (© 2014 Esri).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C351650BFFEAFFCAFF00E426FCE2FEF2" box="[189,844,264,291]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEAFFCAFF00E426FCE2FEF2" blockId="9.[189,844,264,291]" box="[189,844,264,291]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
<heading id="D0BC81ECFFEAFFCAFF00E426FCE2FEF2" bold="true" box="[189,844,264,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEAFFCAFF00E426FCE2FEF2" bold="true" box="[189,844,264,291]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
Key to species for females of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEAFFCAFDE7E427FD77FEF2" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[602,729,264,291]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypnorum">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEAFFCAFDE7E427FD77FEF2" bold="true" box="[602,729,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">hypnorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351650BFFEAFFC9FF00E417FAD9FE26" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" type="key">
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEAFFCAFF00E417FE40FD96" blockId="9.[188,1400,311,584]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
Future identification of the species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEAFFCAFD7DE418FC96FE80" ID-CoL="MFL7" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[704,824,311,337]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypnorum">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEAFFCAFD7DE418FC96FE80" box="[704,824,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">hypnorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex recognised here will be most reliable for specimens when made from COI-barcode data, which are available for comparison of nucleotide differences with the reference data in BOLD. A key using morphological shape, surface sculpturing, and hair-colour-pattern characters follows below, with the most reliable characters placed at the beginning of each couplet. Our results imply that in many cases we should be able to assign most reliably the specimens with locality labels to species on the basis of their collection locality alone. All identifications of species from the key or from the figures should be checked against the species’ diagnoses within the accounts for each species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEAFFCAFF00E740FD08FCC7" blockId="9.[188,1399,623,790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
Diagrams showing the variation in the colour-patterns of the dorsal hair are presented in
<figureCitation id="13702A05FFEAFFCAFB45E740FADDFD5B" box="[1272,1395,623,650]" captionStart-0="Figs 3–38" captionStart-1="Figs 39–50" captionStartId-0="11.[191,244,1857,1883]" captionStartId-1="12.[189,242,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,298,1810]" captionTargetBox-1="[403,1192,1385,1790]" captionTargetId-0="figure-81@11.[599,710,1593,1803]" captionTargetId-1="figure-254@12.[372,1215,1356,1820]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="Figs 3–38. Simplified diagrams for the colour patterns of the hair on the dorsum for ♀♀ (left) and ♂♂ (right) of the Bombus species from Fig. 2. The dorsum is divided into regions, each of which shows only the predominant or most apparent colour for that region using a simplified colour palette (precise shades vary), with olive indicating a mixture of black and yellow hair, and grey indicating a mixture of black and white hair." captionText-1="Figs 39–50. Simplified diagrams for the colour patterns of the hair on the dorsum for ♀♀ (above) and ♂♂ (below) of Bombus perplexus Cresson, 1863. The dorsum is divided into regions, each of wshich shows only the predominant or most apparent colour for that region using a simplified colour palette (precise shades vary), with olive indicating a mixture of black and yellow hair, and grey indicating a mixture of black and white hair." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359167" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359169" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7359167/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7359169/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Figs 3‒50</figureCitation>
. These diagrams summarise only the major differences (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFEAFFCAFCDCE7BDFBBAFD7D" author="Williams P. H." box="[865,1044,658,684]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" pagination="97 - 118" refId="ref15237" refString="Williams P. H. 2007. The distribution of bumblebee colour patterns world-wide: possible significance for thermoregulation, crypsis, and warning mimicry. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 92: 97 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2007.00878. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Williams 2007</bibRefCitation>
) rather than the details (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFEAFFCAFF00E79AFEDEFD1E" author="Williams P. H." box="[189,368,693,719]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref15034" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum of the Natural History Museum Entomology 60: 1 - 204. Available from https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 230668921 [accessed 1 Nov. 2022]." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams 1991</bibRefCitation>
: figs 311‒316). This is a simplification to aid quantitative comparisons and inevitably requires compromises. Colour-pattern variation within species is established with reference to particular individuals identified from COI barcodes.
</paragraph>
<key id="FFDA61B1FFEAFFC9FF00E612FAD9FE26" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
<keyStep id="30BF2E25FFEAFFCAFF00E612FAD9FBD6" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEAFFCAFF00E612FAD9FC4F" blockId="9.[189,1400,829,1997]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="30BA95B5FFEAFFCAFF00E612FAD9FC4F" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">1. Head with the ocello-ocular area along the inner eye margin with only one row of larger medium punctures; clypeus in the central area with scattered widely-spaced small punctures and the very large punctures spaced by more than three times their own diameter .............................................. 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEAFFCAFF7CE688FAD9FBD6" blockId="9.[189,1400,829,1997]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="30BA95B5FFEAFFCAFF7CE688FAD9FBD6" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">– Head with the ocello-ocular area along the inner eye margin with a broad band of scattered larger medium punctures; clypeus in the central area with a longitudinal band of small punctures and with very large punctures, some spaced by just twice their own diameter ............................................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30BF2E25FFEAFFCAFF00E100FAD9FB63" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEAFFCAFF00E100FAD9FBBD" blockId="9.[189,1400,829,1997]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="30BA95B5FFEAFFCAFF00E100FAD9FBBD" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
2. Thoracic dorsum with the hair black; midleg and hindleg basitarsi with integument orange-brown (
<collectingRegion id="498FF862FFEAFFCAFF49E17DFEF8FBBD" box="[244,342,1106,1132]" country="China" name="Taiwan)" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Taiwan)</collectingRegion>
.................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEAFFCAFCFCE17DFAD9FBBD" authority="Williams, Sung, Lin &amp; Lu, 2022" authorityName="Williams, Sung, Lin &amp; Lu" authorityYear="2022" box="[833,1399,1106,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEAFFCAFCFCE17DFC5DFBBD" bold="true" box="[833,1011,1106,1132]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">B. taiwanensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFEAFFCAFC47E17DFAD9FBBD" author="Williams P. H. &amp; Sung I. - H. &amp; Lin Y. - J. &amp; Lu S. - S." box="[1018,1399,1106,1132]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" pagination="435 - 447" refId="ref16207" refString="Williams P. H., Sung I. - H., Lin Y. - J. &amp; Lu S. - S. 2022. Discovering endemic species among the bumblebees of Taiwan (Apidae, genus Bombus). Journal of Natural History 56: 435 - 447. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2022.2052991" type="journal article" year="2022">Williams, Sung, Lin &amp; Lu, 2022</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEAFFCAFF7CE15AFAD9FB63" blockId="9.[189,1400,829,1997]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="30BA95B5FFEAFFCAFF7CE15AFAD9FB63" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">– Thoracic dorsum with the hair predominantly brown or yellow; midleg and hindleg basitarsi with integument dark brown or black …................................................................................................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30BF2E25FFEAFFCAFF00E1F5FAD9FA50" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEAFFCAFF00E1F5FAD9FAC6" blockId="9.[189,1400,829,1997]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="30BA95B5FFEAFFCAFF00E1F5FAD9FAC6" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
3. Thoracic dorsum predominantly brown, in the centre of the scutum without black hair; labral lamella broad and shallowly rounded, almost rectangular (Himalaya) ...............
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEAFFCAFB8CE1D2FAD9FAC6" ID-CoL="6X2FR" authority="Richards, 1930" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1930" box="[1073,1399,1276,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryorum">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEAFFCAFB8CE1D2FB13FAC6" bold="true" box="[1073,1213,1276,1303]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">B. bryorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFEAFFCAFB78E1D2FAD9FAC6" author="Richards O. W." box="[1221,1399,1277,1303]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" pagination="633 - 658" refId="ref14397" refString="Richards O. W. 1930. The humble-bees captured on the expeditions to Mt. Everest (Hymenoptera, Bombidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) 5: 633 - 658. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933008673177" type="journal article" year="1930">Richards, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEAFFCAFF7CE00EFAD9FA50" blockId="9.[189,1400,829,1997]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="30BA95B5FFEAFFCAFF7CE00EFAD9FA50" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
– Hair of the thoracic dorsum dull yellow, in the centre of the scutum with a dense central spot of black hair; labral lamella narrow and deeply rounded, almost pointed in the middle (
<collectingRegion id="498FF862FFEAFFCAFAB2E06CFADCFA8C" box="[1295,1394,1347,1373]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="498FF862FFEAFFCAFF57E049FEE8FA51" box="[234,326,1382,1408]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
) ......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEAFFCAFCE0E048FABBFA51" authority="Williams, Ren &amp; Xie" authorityName="Williams, Ren &amp; Xie" authorityYear="2022" box="[861,1301,1382,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wolongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEAFFCAFCE0E048FBB8FA50" bold="true" box="[861,1046,1382,1409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">B. wolongensis</emphasis>
Williams, Ren &amp; Xie
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57E9FFEAFFCAFAA1E048FAD9FA50" box="[1308,1399,1383,1409]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30BF2E25FFEAFFCAFF00E087FAD9F969" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEAFFCAFF00E087FAD9F9FD" blockId="9.[189,1400,829,1997]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="30BA95B5FFEAFFCAFF00E087FAD9F9FD" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">4. Head with the ocello-ocular area along the inner eye margin with a broad band of small and medium punctures, in the posterior shining gap opposite the ocelli the small punctures spaced by about their own breadths; T5 posteriorly in the middle, anterior to the smooth posterior margin, with a narrow band of close large punctures extending for less than an eighth of the length of the tergum ........... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEAFFCAFF7CE31AFAD9F969" blockId="9.[189,1400,829,1997]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="30BA95B5FFEAFFCAFF7CE31AFAD9F969" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">– Head with the ocello-ocular area along the inner eye margin with a broad band of medium and small punctures, in the posterior shining gap opposite the ocelli the small punctures spaced by much more than their own breadths; T5 posteriorly in the middle, anterior to the smooth posterior margin, with a broad band of close large punctures extending for at least a quarter of the length of the tergum. 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30BF2E25FFEAFFCAFF00E3F0FAD9F81C" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEAFFCAFF00E3F0FAD9F890" blockId="9.[189,1400,829,1997]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="30BA95B5FFEAFFCAFF00E3F0FAD9F890" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
5. Hair of T4
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEAFFCAFED2E3CFFE1AF92B" box="[367,436,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">either</emphasis>
the posterior half white
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEAFFCAFD6AE3CFFD5FF928" box="[727,753,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">or</emphasis>
white at least in a continuous band along the posterior margin; labral tubercle on its broad outer lateral and anterior-facing surface in the centre smooth, with large punctures only along the dorsal and lateral edges (Palaearctic) .........
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEAFFCAFB2DE209FA9CF891" ID-CoL="MFL7" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1168,1330,1829,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="hypnorum">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEAFFCAFB2DE209FA9CF891" bold="true" box="[1168,1330,1829,1856]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">B. hypnorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57E9FFEAFFCAFA84E208FAD9F890" box="[1337,1399,1831,1857]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFEAFFCAFF7CE265FAD9F81C" blockId="9.[189,1400,829,1997]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="30BA95B5FFEAFFCAFF7CE265FAD9F81C" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
– Hair of T4
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEAFFCAFED1E266FE1FF8B2" box="[364,433,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">either</emphasis>
the posterior half black
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEAFFCAFD6DE265FD44F8B2" box="[720,746,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">or</emphasis>
with only a few white hairs along the posterior margin; labral tubercle on its broad outer lateral and anterior-facing surface in the centre with a few very large punctures scattered throughout (Hengduan, North
<collectingCountry id="F35C7610FFEAFFCAFCC1E2BFFC6AF87B" box="[892,964,1936,1962]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">China</collectingCountry>
) ........................................................ ...............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFEAFFCAFC87E29CFABBF81C" authority="Williams, Ren &amp; Xie" authorityName="Williams, Ren &amp; Xie" authorityYear="2022" box="[826,1301,1970,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hengduanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFEAFFCAFC87E29CFBBBF81C" bold="true" box="[826,1045,1970,1997]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">B. hengduanensis</emphasis>
Williams, Ren &amp; Xie
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57E9FFEAFFCAFAA1E29CFAD9F81C" box="[1308,1399,1971,1997]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30BF2E25FFE9FFC9FF00E426FAD9FE26" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFE9FFC9FF00E426FAD9FE5D" blockId="10.[189,1401,265,503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="30BA95B5FFE9FFC9FF00E426FAD9FE5D" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
6. Clypeus in the centre with widely scattered large punctures with more numerous small punctures between them; scutum with the hair usually dull yellow (sometimes dull pale brown), T5 hair usually entirely black, but sometimes white or cream posteriorly and occasionally throughout (Nearctic) .. .................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFE9FFC9FB93E45CFAD9FE5D" ID-CoL="MFSC" authority="Cresson, 1863" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1863" box="[1070,1399,370,397]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFE9FFC9FB93E45CFB66FE5C" bold="true" box="[1070,1224,370,397]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">B. perplexus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFE9FFC9FB72E45CFAD9FE5D" author="Cresson E. T." box="[1231,1399,370,397]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" pagination="83 - 116" refId="ref12385" refString="Cresson E. T. 1863. List of the North American species of Bombus and Apathus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 2: 83 - 116." type="journal article" year="1863">Cresson, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFE9FFC9FF7CE4B9FAD9FE26" blockId="10.[189,1401,265,503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="30BA95B5FFE9FFC9FF7CE4B9FAD9FE26" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
– Clypeus in the centre with widely scattered large punctures with fewer small punctures between them; scutum with the hair orange-brown, T5 hair usually entirely white, but sometimes only along the posterior margin (
<collectingCountry id="F35C7610FFE9FFC9FE5AE4F3FD80FE27" box="[487,558,476,502]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Sakhalin) .......................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFE9FFC9FBF2E4F3FAA3FE26" ID-CoL="MFMC" authorityName="Williams &amp; Dorji &amp; Ren &amp; Xie &amp; Orr" authorityYear="2022" box="[1103,1293,476,503]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koropokkrus" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFE9FFC9FBF2E4F3FAA3FE26" bold="true" box="[1103,1293,476,503]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">B. koropokkrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57E9FFE9FFC9FAA9E4F2FAD9FE26" box="[1300,1399,477,503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351650BFFE9FFC9FF00E732FE7FFD01" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFE9FFC9FF00E732FE4EFDE6" blockId="10.[189,480,541,568]" box="[189,480,541,568]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="D0BC81ECFFE9FFC9FF00E732FE4EFDE6" bold="true" box="[189,480,541,568]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFE9FFC9FF00E732FE4EFDE6" bold="true" box="[189,480,541,568]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Accounts of the species</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFE9FFC9FF00E763FE7FFD01" blockId="10.[189,1400,588,720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
Accounts of the seven accepted species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFE9FFC9FCB0E763FC2BFDB7" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[781,901,588,614]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypnorum">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFE9FFC9FCB0E763FC2BFDB7" box="[781,901,588,614]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">hypnorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex follow below. Square brackets [
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D03FFE9FFC9FF7AE740FEF9FD58" box="[199,343,623,649]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xus">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFE9FFC9FF7AE740FEF9FD58" box="[199,343,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Bombus xus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] are used to indicate transliterations, translations, interpretations and unavailable names outside the species group (sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFE9FFC9FDF4E7BCFD7AFD7C" author="ICZN" box="[585,724,659,685]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" refId="ref13275" refString="ICZN 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. London, U. K. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. London, UK. Available from https: // www. iczn. org / the-code / [accessed 3 Nov. 2022]." type="url" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
), including selected misspellings, misidentifications, and infrasubspecific names.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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