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<document id="265F55D73CB76D3C320251AF0F879AEE" ID-CLB-Dataset="168313" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.840.1941" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6129e7b4-3989-478f-8494-65e0fda5194f" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7195216" ID-ZooBank="CE89365D-A3C5-483D-9C80-E5CAECCA740F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1665683179388" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Križanová, Františka Rataj &amp; Vďačný, Peter" docDate="2022" docId="03D72F3EFFBCFFA5509ADE7A2AE9FCBD" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-840_1-93.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 840" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.840.1941" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis Križanová &amp; Vďačný 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="F959427F-762B-4344-A1E4-7D491DD99225" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFEE5746FFAEFFBF5143DD3E2959FFB6" masterDocTitle="A huge undescribed diversity of the subgenus Hystricochaetonotus (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotidae, Chaetonotus) in Central Europe" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1699407395920" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="C52B008AA6E6C1256F2B5186C5DC320D">A huge undescribed diversity of the subgenus Hystricochaetonotus (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotidae, Chaetonotus) in Central Europe</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="82A88FDA059F28B683A6739FA431287B">Križanová, Františka Rataj</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0F3641A15A8A72937CB7B4535459A488">Vďačný, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CA5C1508B63A26EAA01005AF0CF5E2AD">Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7EE5ABFFBCFFAD509ADE7A2AA3FCE9" ID-CoL="02a9b3f1-a585-460e-be52-38f210de3566" authority="Križanová &amp; Vďačný, 2022" authorityName="Križanová &amp; Vďačný" authorityYear="2022" box="[473,1018,836,863]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mirabilis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Hystricochaetonotus">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBCFFAD509ADE7A2AA3FCE9" bold="true" box="[473,1018,836,863]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBCFFAD509ADE7A2B2BFCE9" bold="true" box="[473,626,836,863]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chaetonotus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBCFFAD53C0DE7A2A25FCE9" bold="true" box="[643,892,836,863]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hystricochaetonotus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBCFFAD52CDDE7A2AA3FCE9" bold="true" box="[910,1018,836,863]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">mirabilis</emphasis>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
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<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBCFFAD5311DEB52B80FC13" box="[594,729,907,933]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="20.[189,232,1850,1876]" captionStartId-1="21.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionStartId-2="22.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionStartId-3="23.[189,232,1744,1770]" captionStartId-4="25.[189,232,1780,1806]" captionTargetBox-0="[210,1377,266,1808]" captionTargetBox-1="[196,1388,703,1871]" captionTargetBox-2="[205,1382,265,1883]" captionTargetBox-3="[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetBox-4="[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@20.[204,1383,265,1813]" captionTargetId-1="figure-166@21.[189,1398,697,1881]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@22.[205,1382,265,1883]" captionTargetId-3="figure-12@23.[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetId-4="figure-11@25.[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionTargetPageId-3="23" captionTargetPageId-4="25" captionText-0="Fig. 10. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A‒B. Dorsal and lateral overviews showing the scale and spine pattern. C. Detail showing the cuticular teeth protruding from the mouth ring. D. Elongated dorsal spines with a membrane. E. Terminal dorsal spines. F. Internal morphology of a strongly squeezed specimen (body shape hence not representative). G. Ventral overview. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; F–G = 20 µm." captionText-1="Fig. 11. Scales of Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A. Head lateral scales. B. Head dorsal scales. C. Neck dorsal scales. D. Trunk lateral scale. E. Trunk dorsolateral scale. F. Trunk dorsal scale. G. Terminal dorsal scale. H. Furcal ventral three-lobed scales. I. Furcal ventral oblong scales." captionText-2="Fig. 12. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., holotype (CU-FNS-11-09-19/HO), differential interference contrast. A‒B. Optical sections showing the general body organization. C. Lateral overview. Arrows in (B) and (C) mark the lateral denticle of spines. Scale bars = 30 µm." captionText-3="Fig. 13. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A, C, E, G. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). B, D, F. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Internal morphology. Opposed arrowheads denote posterior pharyngeal dilatations. B. Lateral view of the anterior body region. White star marks the cerebral ganglion. C. Anterior pharyngeal dilatations (opposed arrowheads). D. A pair of cuticular teeth is situated in the center of the mouth ring. E. Ventral view of the head region. Asterisks mark the beginning of the ventral ciliary bands. F. The intestine contains highly refractive and regularly arranged structures (white double arrowheads). G. Furca with a U-shaped indentation and adhesive glands. Scale bars: A = 15 µm; B, E–G = 10 µm; C–D = 5 µm." captionText-4="Fig. 14. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A–B, E. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). C–D, F–G. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Dorsal view showing the scale and spine pattern. B. Head scales. C. Neck and upper trunk dorsolateral scales. D. Terminal dorsal trunk scales with a lateral denticle (arrows). E. Ventral ciliary bands. White dashed lines mark upper-furcal scales. F. Lateral trunk scales. G. Dorsal trunk spines with a membrane. White double arrowheads mark the highly refractive bodies in the intestine. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B–F = 5 µm; G = 10 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195244" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195246" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195250" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195252" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195254" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7195244/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7195246/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7195250/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7195252/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7195254/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 10‒14</figureCitation>
; Supp. file 1: 
<tableCitation id="C6FCAB93FFBCFFAD5239DEB52AB8FC13" box="[890,993,907,933]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="9.[189,259,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 2. GenBank accession numbers of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences of nine new species of the subgenus Hystricochaetonotus Schwank, 1990." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF01CEA0FFA7FFB651FEDC372A6AFEF0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" tableUuid="DF01CEA0FFA7FFB651FEDC372A6AFEF0">Table S2</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C364CDA3FFBCFFAC51FEDEF52AF3FE3C" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBCFFAD51FEDEF528A9FC53" blockId="18.[189,496,971,997]" box="[189,496,971,997]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0892944FFBCFFAD51FEDEF528A9FC53" bold="true" box="[189,496,971,997]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBCFFAD51FEDEF528A9FC53" bold="true" box="[189,496,971,997]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Morphological diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBCFFAD51FEDEC62C2EFA7C" blockId="18.[189,1400,1016,1483]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Body slender and about 83‒107 µm long. Head wider than neck, separated from trunk by a distinct neck constriction. Cephalion clearly demarcated, epipleurae and hypopleurae only inconspicuously marked in head outline. Trunk widest at ca U62, gradually tapers towards furca base (U85). Mouth ventral, with two cuticular teeth. Pharynx with anterior and posterior dilatations. Intestine straight, with a marked anterior section. Scales spined, three-lobed, not overlapping, distributed in 10–12 columns, 17 scales per column. Dorsal surface covered from anterior end of hypopleurae (ca U6) to neck constriction with fairly small scales bearing short spines. Neck caries broader scales with longer spines. Anterior trunk region bears similarly shaped, slightly bigger scales with posterior lobes closer together. Dorsolateral and lateral scales with elongated base and posterior lobes more divergent, spine with an inconspicuous denticle. Mid-trunk to terminal trunk region covered by (i) five horizontal rows of big, anteriorly tapered scales carrying very elongated, massive spines with a denticle and membrane and (ii) two horizontal rows of smaller, anteriorly rounded scales carrying significantly shorter spines with a denticle. Furca base short, lateral margins vaulted, furcal indentation U-shaped, adhesive tubes well-developed, diverging posteriorly. Furca base and branches covered with three-lobed, spined scales and oblong, keeled scales.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBCFFAD51FED8CF28E1F9BC" blockId="18.[189,440,1520,1547]" box="[189,440,1520,1547]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0892944FFBCFFAD51FED8CF28E1F9BC" bold="true" box="[189,440,1520,1547]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBCFFAD51FED8CF28E1F9BC" bold="true" box="[189,440,1520,1547]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Molecular diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBCFFAD51FEDB202DA0F8F1" blockId="18.[189,1399,1566,1864]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
18S rRNA gene: 672 T, 1072 ‒. ITS2: 26 G, 28 A, 40 G, 41 T, 53 G, 60 C, 62 T, 84 A, 96 A, 107 ‒, 117 T, 131 A, 132 A, 133 A, 136 ‒, 137 ‒, 139 C, 156 G, 157 T, 159 T, 168 A, 173 ‒. 28S rRNA gene: 530 G, 608 C, 687 A, 690 G, 717 A, 719 C, 756 C. Cytochrome 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBCFFAD522CDB5C2A25F9CD" box="[879,892,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">c</emphasis>
oxidase subunit I (codon ordinal numbers are followed by the corresponding span of nucleotide positions in parentheses): 23 (67‒69) ATT, 28 (82‒84) CTT, 44 (130‒132) GTC, 45 (133‒135) GTA, 63 (187‒189) GGA, 72 (214‒216) CTT, 82 (244‒246) CCA, 97 (289‒291) AGT, 98 (292‒294) TTA, 100 (298‒300) CTT, 103 (307‒309) GCG, 129 (385‒387) AGG, 142 (424‒426) GCA, 146 (436‒438) TTG, 155 (463‒465) ACC, 156 (466‒468) CTA, 162 (484‒486) GGT, 165 (493‒495) TTT, 167 (499‒501) CGT, 170 (508‒510) TTA, 179 (535‒537) GTT, 184 (550‒552) CTG, 190 (568‒570) GCC, 212 (634‒636) GGA, 221 (661‒663) CTA.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBCFFAD51FEDA5B2B07F875" blockId="18.[189,1398,1893,1988]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Reference molecules are shown in 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBCFFAD5321DA5B2B8DF836" box="[610,724,1893,1920]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,276,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-11@11.[189,1398,267,1758]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Secondary structure of the 18S rRNA molecule of Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. The single diagnostic molecular autapomorphy (red arrow) is situated in the terminal loop of helix 21es6c in the V4 region of the C domain. Note the long-range tertiary contacts between the V2 and V4 regions (highlighted in pink). The reference 18S secondary structure map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C.Hansen (inset) is from http://apollo.chemistry.gatech.edu/RibosomeGallery (Petrov et al. 2014)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195230/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figures 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBCFFAD53A7DA582BACF836" box="[740,757,1894,1920]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1884,1910]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,708,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-157@15.[189,1398,705,1847]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Secondary structure of the first two domains of the 5.8‒28S rRNA molecule of Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. Diagnostic molecular autapomorphies are marked by red arrows. The reference 28S secondary structure map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C.Hansen (inset) is from http://apollo.chemistry.gatech.edu/RibosomeGallery (Petrov et al. 2014)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195236/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">7</figureCitation>
, and Supp. file 1: 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBCFFAD5297DA5B2D1AF8C9" box="[980,1091,1893,1919]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1852,1878]" captionTargetBox="[189,1395,669,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-137@17.[189,1398,659,1814]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 9. Phylogenetic subtree based on 18S, 28S, and COI, showing the systematic positions of the nine new species within the Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) cluster. Arrows mark the same node in the subtree and the inset phylogram. The whole tree is presented in Fig. 8. The Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) cluster is highlighted in the inset phylogram. ML bootstrap values and posterior probabilities were mapped onto the best ML tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195242/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. S9A</figureCitation>
. All diagnostic molecular autapomorphies are marked by arrows. Reference alignments with corresponding nucleotide positions are in Supp. file 1: Alignments 1‒4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBDFFAC51FEDC372AF3FE3C" blockId="19.[189,1399,265,394]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
The 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC51B3DC342851FE95" box="[240,264,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">p-</emphasis>
distance from species described in the present study is 0.22‒4.06% in 18S, 18.19‒34.22% in ITS2, 2.23‒7.12% in 28S, and 11.37‒13.15% in COI. There are 2‒13 CBCs (except for 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC55DCDC152D91FEF3" box="[1183,1224,299,325]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ch.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC559FDC122DA8FEF3" box="[1244,1265,300,325]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H</emphasis>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EE5ABFFBDFFAC544EDC152C2EFEF3" authority="Križanová &amp; Vďačný, 2022" authorityName="Križanová &amp; Vďačný" authorityYear="2022" box="[1293,1399,299,325]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="superbus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC544EDC152C2EFEF3" box="[1293,1399,299,325]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">superbus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239FF41FFBDFFAC51FEDC712845FEDF" box="[189,284,335,361]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, where there are no CBCs) in the 18S rRNA molecule, 2‒4 CBCs in the ITS2 molecule, and 1‒12 CBCs in the first two domains of the 28S rRNA molecule.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C364CDA3FFBDFFAC51FEDC8E28C0FDAF" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBDFFAC51FEDC8E281DFE7C" blockId="19.[189,324,432,458]" box="[189,324,432,458]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0892944FFBDFFAC51FEDC8E281DFE7C" bold="true" box="[189,324,432,458]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC51FEDC8E281DFE7C" bold="true" box="[189,324,432,458]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBDFFAC51FEDCE328C0FDAF" blockId="19.[189,1398,477,537]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
The Latin adjective ‘ 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC50F0DCE32B50FE41" box="[435,521,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">mirabil</emphasis>
· 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC5350DCE02B7EFE41" box="[531,551,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">is</emphasis>
, - 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC537CDCE02B0AFE41" box="[575,595,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">is</emphasis>
, - 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC5328DCE02B21FE41" box="[619,632,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">e</emphasis>
’ [m, f, n] (‘marvelous, extraordinary’) refers to the extraordinary long dorsal spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C364CDA3FFBDFFAC51FEDF7E2AE0F996" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBDFFAC51FEDF7E28F3FDEC" blockId="19.[189,426,576,602]" box="[189,426,576,602]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0892944FFBDFFAC51FEDF7E28F3FDEC" bold="true" box="[189,426,576,602]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC51FEDF7E28F3FDEC" bold="true" box="[189,426,576,602]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBDFFAC51A9DF5129B6FD45" blockId="19.[189,1399,623,755]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<materialsCitation id="3B169475FFBDFFAC51A9DF5129B6FD45" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3926158307" country="Slovakia" county="Podunajska" latitude="48.146336" location="Greenhouse pond" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.072945" municipality="Bratislava" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC51A9DF512805FD3F" bold="true" box="[234,348,623,649]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFBDFFAC51A9DF512805FD3F" box="[234,348,623,649]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F369DEB8FFBDFFAC51FEDFAC2815FD1A" box="[189,332,658,684]" name="Slovakia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">SLOVAKIA</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D7855A1FFBDFFAC502BDFAC28FBFD1A" box="[360,418,658,684]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="adult">adult</specimenCount>
(photomicrographs, hologenophore); 
<location id="8EA1C8F3FFBDFFAC521CDFAC2D76FD1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D72F3EFFBCFFA5509ADE7A2AE9FCBD:8EA1C8F3FFBDFFAC521CDFAC2D76FD1A" box="[863,1071,658,684]" country="Slovakia" county="Podunajska" latitude="48.146336" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.072945" municipality="Bratislava" name="Greenhouse pond" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Greenhouse pond</location>
, 
<location id="8EA1C8F3FFBDFFAC557FDFAC2C54FD1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D72F3EFFBCFFA5509ADE7A2AE9FCBD:8EA1C8F3FFBDFFAC557FDFAC2C54FD1A" box="[1084,1293,658,684]" country="Slovakia" county="Podunajska" latitude="48.146336" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.072945" municipality="Bratislava" name="Botanical Garden" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Botanical Garden</location>
, 
<location id="8EA1C8F3FFBDFFAC545ADFAC29B3FD66" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D72F3EFFBCFFA5509ADE7A2AE9FCBD:8EA1C8F3FFBDFFAC545ADFAC29B3FD66" country="Slovakia" county="Podunajska" latitude="48.146336" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.072945" municipality="Bratislava" name="Karlova Ves" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Karlova Ves</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA50452FFBDFFAC51B1DF8B2832FD79" box="[242,363,693,719]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bratislava</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62A0E6A4FFBDFFAC5030DF8B28A0FD79" box="[371,505,693,719]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Podunajská</collectingCounty>
rovina plain (type locality); 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4AF8EFFFBDFFAC5274DF8A2A87FD66" box="[823,990,692,720]" degrees="48" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="1" seconds="46.8" value="48.146336">48°08′46.8″ N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4AF8EFFFBDFFAC52A4DF8A2DD2FD66" box="[999,1163,692,720]" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="1" seconds="22.6" value="17.072945">17°04′22.6″ E</geoCoordinate>
; CU-FNS- 
<date id="FFC0B8E8FFBDFFAC544FDF882C34FD66" box="[1292,1389,694,720]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2019-09-11">11-09-19</date>
/ HO.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBDFFAC51FEDE242DD7FCE1" blockId="19.[189,1398,794,856]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Photomicrographs of the 
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFBDFFAC50A4DE242B17FC82" box="[487,590,794,820]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
are available at the Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava at https://fns.uniba.sk/en/gastrotricha/. The 
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFBDFFAC527ADE032AF9FCE1" box="[825,928,829,855]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is shown in 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBDFFAC5577DE032DD0FCE1" box="[1076,1161,829,855]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[205,1382,265,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-17@22.[205,1382,265,1883]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 12. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., holotype (CU-FNS-11-09-19/HO), differential interference contrast. A‒B. Optical sections showing the general body organization. C. Lateral overview. Arrows in (B) and (C) mark the lateral denticle of spines. Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195250/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBDFFAC51A9DE412B69FC69" blockId="19.[189,1398,895,991]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<materialsCitation id="3B169475FFBDFFAC51A9DE412B75FC69" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3926158304" country="Slovakia" county="Podunajska" latitude="48.146336" location="SLOVAKIA" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.072945" municipality="Bratislava" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC51A9DE41283EFC2F" bold="true" box="[234,359,895,921]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFBDFFAC51A9DE41283EFC2F" box="[234,359,895,921]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F369DEB8FFBDFFAC51FEDE9C2817FC0A" box="[189,334,930,956]" name="Slovakia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">SLOVAKIA</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D7855A1FFBDFFAC5028DE9C2890FC0A" box="[363,457,930,956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
(photomicrographs); same collection data as for holotype; CU-FNS- 
<date id="FFC0B8E8FFBDFFAC5449DE9C2C34FC0B" box="[1290,1389,930,957]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2019-10-25">25-10-19</date>
/ PA-1, CU-FNS- 
<date id="FFC0B8E8FFBDFFAC503CDEFB28BAFC69" box="[383,483,965,991]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2019-10-02">02-10-19</date>
/PA-2
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBDFFAC51FED9382C1EFBF2" blockId="19.[189,1398,1030,1092]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Photomicrographs of 
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFBDFFAC5089D9392B76FB97" box="[458,559,1031,1057]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
specimens are available at the Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava at https://fns.uniba.sk/en/gastrotricha/. 
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFBDFFAC52E5D9142D41FBF2" box="[934,1048,1066,1092]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
are shown in 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBDFFAC55FFD9142C1AFBF2" box="[1212,1347,1066,1092]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="23.[189,232,1744,1770]" captionStartId-1="25.[189,232,1780,1806]" captionTargetBox-0="[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetBox-1="[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@23.[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetId-1="figure-11@25.[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetPageId-0="23" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionText-0="Fig. 13. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A, C, E, G. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). B, D, F. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Internal morphology. Opposed arrowheads denote posterior pharyngeal dilatations. B. Lateral view of the anterior body region. White star marks the cerebral ganglion. C. Anterior pharyngeal dilatations (opposed arrowheads). D. A pair of cuticular teeth is situated in the center of the mouth ring. E. Ventral view of the head region. Asterisks mark the beginning of the ventral ciliary bands. F. The intestine contains highly refractive and regularly arranged structures (white double arrowheads). G. Furca with a U-shaped indentation and adhesive glands. Scale bars: A = 15 µm; B, E–G = 10 µm; C–D = 5 µm." captionText-1="Fig. 14. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A–B, E. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). C–D, F–G. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Dorsal view showing the scale and spine pattern. B. Head scales. C. Neck and upper trunk dorsolateral scales. D. Terminal dorsal trunk scales with a lateral denticle (arrows). E. Ventral ciliary bands. White dashed lines mark upper-furcal scales. F. Lateral trunk scales. G. Dorsal trunk spines with a membrane. White double arrowheads mark the highly refractive bodies in the intestine. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B–F = 5 µm; G = 10 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195252" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195254" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7195252/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7195254/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 13–14</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBDFFAC51FED9552835FB33" blockId="19.[189,364,1131,1157]" box="[189,364,1131,1157]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0892944FFBDFFAC51FED9552835FB33" bold="true" box="[189,364,1131,1157]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC51FED9552835FB33" bold="true" box="[189,364,1131,1157]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBDFFAC51FED9A42DC4FB61" blockId="19.[189,1398,1178,1239]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
A DNA sample of the 
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFBDFFAC5089D9A42B68FB02" box="[458,561,1178,1204]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen BZs 02 has been deposited in the Natural History Museum, Vajanského nábrežie 2, 810 06 Bratislava, 
<collectingCountry id="F369DEB8FFBDFFAC53F2D9832A41FB61" box="[689,792,1213,1239]" name="Slovakia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
(ID Collection Code 01427888).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBDFFAC51FED9C02804FAAE" blockId="19.[189,349,1278,1304]" box="[189,349,1278,1304]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0892944FFBDFFAC51FED9C02804FAAE" bold="true" box="[189,349,1278,1304]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC51FED9C02804FAAE" bold="true" box="[189,349,1278,1304]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type locality</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBDFFAC51FED8132A6BFADD" blockId="19.[189,1398,1325,1387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Greenhouse pond, Botanical Garden of Comenius University, Karlova Ves, Bratislava, Podunajská rovina plain, 
<collectingCountry id="F369DEB8FFBDFFAC501AD86E289AFADC" box="[345,451,1360,1386]" name="Slovakia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4AF8EFFFBDFFAC508DD8712B23FADD" box="[462,634,1359,1387]" degrees="48" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="1" seconds="46.8" value="48.146336">48°08′46.8″ N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4AF8EFFFBDFFAC53C6D8712A77FADD" box="[645,814,1359,1387]" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="1" seconds="22.6" value="17.072945">17°04′22.6″ E</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBDFFAC51FED8AF28D8FA1A" blockId="19.[189,385,1425,1452]" box="[189,385,1425,1452]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0892944FFBDFFAC51FED8AF28D8FA1A" bold="true" box="[189,385,1425,1452]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC51FED8AF28D8FA1A" bold="true" box="[189,385,1425,1452]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gene sequences</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBDFFAC51FED8FE2AE0F996" blockId="19.[189,1399,1472,1569]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
The nuclear 18S and 
<collectionCode id="ED6F06EDFFBDFFAC50F5D8FE28BDFA6D" box="[438,484,1472,1499]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ITS</collectionCode>
1-5.8S-ITS2-28S rDNA sequences as well as the mitochondrial COI sequence of the 
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFBDFFAC5051D8DD2820FA4B" box="[274,377,1507,1533]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen BZs 02 have been deposited in GenBank under the following accession numbers: 
<accessionNumber id="942D03CBFFBDFFAC5072DB3928E5F997" box="[305,444,1543,1569]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OM421704" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="GenBank">
<collectionCode id="ED6F06EDFFBDFFAC5072DB392838F997" box="[305,353,1543,1569]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">OM</collectionCode>
421704
</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber id="942D03CBFFBDFFAC5084DB382B0BF996" box="[455,594,1542,1568]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OM421680" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="GenBank">
<collectionCode id="ED6F06EDFFBDFFAC5084DB3828AEF996" box="[455,503,1542,1568]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">OM</collectionCode>
421680
</accessionNumber>
, and 
<accessionNumber id="942D03CBFFBDFFAC53CCDB382A43F997" box="[655,794,1542,1569]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OM424059" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="GenBank">
<collectionCode id="ED6F06EDFFBDFFAC53CCDB382BE6F997" box="[655,703,1542,1569]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">OM</collectionCode>
424059
</accessionNumber>
, respectively.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C364CDA3FFBDFFA551FEDB762AE9FCBD" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBDFFAC51FEDB762817F9D4" blockId="19.[189,334,1608,1634]" box="[189,334,1608,1634]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0892944FFBDFFAC51FEDB762817F9D4" bold="true" box="[189,334,1608,1634]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC51FEDB762817F9D4" bold="true" box="[189,334,1608,1634]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBDFFAA51FEDB492895FEF0" blockId="19.[189,1399,1654,1963]" lastBlockId="21.[189,1398,265,327]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
HABITUS. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EE5ABFFBDFFAC5073DB482A12F926" authority="Križanová &amp; Vďačný, 2022" authorityName="Križanová &amp; Vďačný" authorityYear="2022" box="[304,843,1654,1681]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mirabilis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Hystricochaetonotus">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC5073DB48289DF926" box="[304,452,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chaetonotus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC5099DB482B94F926" box="[474,717,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hystricochaetonotus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBDFFAC53A2DB482A12F926" box="[737,843,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239FF41FFBDFFAC5214DB492AECF927" box="[855,949,1655,1681]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is about 83–107 µm long and has a slender body that is tenpin-shaped, with a clearly defined head region, a narrowing neck, and a slightly bulbous trunk (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBDFFAC5031DB832B75F961" box="[370,556,1725,1751]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,266,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@20.[204,1383,265,1813]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 10. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A‒B. Dorsal and lateral overviews showing the scale and spine pattern. C. Detail showing the cuticular teeth protruding from the mouth ring. D. Elongated dorsal spines with a membrane. E. Terminal dorsal spines. F. Internal morphology of a strongly squeezed specimen (body shape hence not representative). G. Ventral overview. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; F–G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195244/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 10A–B, G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBDFFAC5379DB832BCAF961" box="[570,659,1725,1751]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[205,1382,265,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-17@22.[205,1382,265,1883]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 12. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., holotype (CU-FNS-11-09-19/HO), differential interference contrast. A‒B. Optical sections showing the general body organization. C. Lateral overview. Arrows in (B) and (C) mark the lateral denticle of spines. Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195250/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">12A–C</figureCitation>
). Body width is 10–19 µm at U10, 11.2–11.6 µm at U50, and 17.5–18.5 µm at U60. The head is relatively wide, with a plate-like, rounded cephalion. The neck (ca U12–U27) is clearly demarcated and smoothly continues to the trunk region, i.e., a distinct neck constriction is formed. The trunk is nearly as wide as the head, gradually dilating from about U39 to U62 where it reaches the maximum width. Then it gradually tapers towards U84 where vaulted margins of the furca branches start to form. Dorsal sensory bristles (setolae) arise from the cuticle in two pairs at U25 and U75 (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBDFFAC50CEDAAE28A6F81C" box="[397,511,1936,1962]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1780,1806]" captionTargetBox="[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 14. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A–B, E. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). C–D, F–G. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Dorsal view showing the scale and spine pattern. B. Head scales. C. Neck and upper trunk dorsolateral scales. D. Terminal dorsal trunk scales with a lateral denticle (arrows). E. Ventral ciliary bands. White dashed lines mark upper-furcal scales. F. Lateral trunk scales. G. Dorsal trunk spines with a membrane. White double arrowheads mark the highly refractive bodies in the intestine. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B–F = 5 µm; G = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195254/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 14A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBDFFAC534EDAAE2B18F81C" box="[525,577,1936,1962]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[189,232,1854,1880]" captionTargetBox="[229,1358,265,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-11@29.[229,1358,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 16. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) superbus sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A. Holotype (CU-FNS-15-06-20/HO), lateral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B. Paratype (CU-FNS-22-06-20/PA), optical section showing the internal morphology in lateral view. Black stars in (A) mark the epipleurae and hypopleurae. White star in (B) marks the cerebral ganglion. Arrows mark the lateral denticle of spines. Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195260/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">16C</figureCitation>
). The furcal indentation is broadly U-shaped. The furca branches are set apart and diverge posteriorly. Well-developed adhesive tubes are 9.4–10.5 µm long, they are straight and narrow (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBBFFAA5011DC1228E6FEF0" box="[338,447,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[189,232,1816,1842]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,265,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-17@30.[244,1344,265,1777]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 17. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) superbus sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A–B. Paratype (CU-FNS-22-06-20/PA). C–G. Holotype (CU-FNS-15-06-20/HO). A. Detail showing the salivary gland, pharyngeal-intestinal junction, and differentiated anterior section of the intestine. B. Detail showing the connection of transversal bands to the base of scales. C. Detail showing the anterior portion of the digestive tract. D. Head scales. E. Neck scales. F. Spines. G. Trunk spined scales. Scale bars: A–B, D‒G = 5 µm; C = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195262/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 17G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF01CEA0FFBAFFAB51FEDA0428AAF854" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195244" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7195244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195244/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[189,232,1850,1876]" targetBox="[210,1377,266,1808]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBAFFAB51FEDA0428AAF854" blockId="20.[188,1399,1850,2018]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBAFFAB51FEDA042879F8E2" bold="true" box="[189,288,1850,1876]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7EE5ABFFBAFFAB506DDA042A14F8E2" authority="Križanová &amp; Vďačný, 2022" authorityName="Križanová &amp; Vďačný" authorityYear="2022" box="[302,845,1850,1877]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mirabilis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Hystricochaetonotus">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBAFFAB506DDA04289BF8E2" box="[302,450,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Chaetonotus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBAFFAB509ADA042B95F8E2" box="[473,716,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hystricochaetonotus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBAFFAB53A0DA042A14F8E2" box="[739,845,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239FF41FFBAFFAB5219DA052AE2F8E3" box="[858,955,1851,1877]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBAFFAB528BDA042AA6F8E2" bold="true" box="[968,1023,1850,1876]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A‒B</emphasis>
. Dorsal and lateral overviews showing the scale and spine pattern. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBAFFAB5335DA632BD2F8C1" bold="true" box="[630,651,1885,1911]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C</emphasis>
. Detail showing the cuticular teeth protruding from the mouth ring. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBAFFAB51B9DABF2856F82D" bold="true" box="[250,271,1921,1947]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D</emphasis>
. Elongated dorsal spines with a membrane. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBAFFAB5253DABF2A7DF82D" bold="true" box="[784,804,1921,1947]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">E</emphasis>
. Terminal dorsal spines. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBAFFAB5505DABF2D01F82D" bold="true" box="[1094,1112,1921,1947]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">F</emphasis>
. Internal morphology of a strongly squeezed specimen (body shape hence not representative). 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBAFFAB52B4DA9A2D57F808" bold="true" box="[1015,1038,1956,1982]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">G</emphasis>
. Ventral overview. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; F–G = 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBBFFA751FEDC502C5DFEDF" blockId="21.[189,1399,366,639]" lastBlockId="24.[189,1399,265,362]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
HEAD. The head is roughly five-lobed. The cephalion (U1–U2) is rounded, 0.4–0.9 µm wide, clearly demarcated in the body outline, appears as a lens in the ventral view, and has a free posterior (dorsal) edge (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBBFFAA5046DC8A28EEFE79" box="[261,439,436,463]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,266,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@20.[204,1383,265,1813]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 10. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A‒B. Dorsal and lateral overviews showing the scale and spine pattern. C. Detail showing the cuticular teeth protruding from the mouth ring. D. Elongated dorsal spines with a membrane. E. Terminal dorsal spines. F. Internal morphology of a strongly squeezed specimen (body shape hence not representative). G. Ventral overview. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; F–G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195244/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 10A–B, F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBBFFAA5087DC8A28AEFE78" box="[452,503,436,462]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[205,1382,265,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-17@22.[205,1382,265,1883]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 12. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., holotype (CU-FNS-11-09-19/HO), differential interference contrast. A‒B. Optical sections showing the general body organization. C. Lateral overview. Arrows in (B) and (C) mark the lateral denticle of spines. Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195250/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">12B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBBFFAA5346DC8A2B07FE78" box="[517,606,436,462]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1744,1770]" captionTargetBox="[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A, C, E, G. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). B, D, F. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Internal morphology. Opposed arrowheads denote posterior pharyngeal dilatations. B. Lateral view of the anterior body region. White star marks the cerebral ganglion. C. Anterior pharyngeal dilatations (opposed arrowheads). D. A pair of cuticular teeth is situated in the center of the mouth ring. E. Ventral view of the head region. Asterisks mark the beginning of the ventral ciliary bands. F. The intestine contains highly refractive and regularly arranged structures (white double arrowheads). G. Furca with a U-shaped indentation and adhesive glands. Scale bars: A = 15 µm; B, E–G = 10 µm; C–D = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195252/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">13A–C</figureCitation>
). The epipleurae are approximately at U3–U5 and the hypopleurae are at ca U6–U9. Notches separating the epipleurae from the hypopleurae are very shallow, causing that they are only inconspicuously marked in the head outline (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBBFFAA5239DCC42D55FDA3" box="[890,1036,506,533]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1744,1770]" captionTargetBox="[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A, C, E, G. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). B, D, F. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Internal morphology. Opposed arrowheads denote posterior pharyngeal dilatations. B. Lateral view of the anterior body region. White star marks the cerebral ganglion. C. Anterior pharyngeal dilatations (opposed arrowheads). D. A pair of cuticular teeth is situated in the center of the mouth ring. E. Ventral view of the head region. Asterisks mark the beginning of the ventral ciliary bands. F. The intestine contains highly refractive and regularly arranged structures (white double arrowheads). G. Furca with a U-shaped indentation and adhesive glands. Scale bars: A = 15 µm; B, E–G = 10 µm; C–D = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195252/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13A, E</figureCitation>
). Two pairs of cephalic ciliary tufts emerge laterally between the cephalion and the epipleurae edge (ca U3) as well as between the epi- and the hypopleurae edge (U5) (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBBFFAA537EDF7F2BAAFDED" box="[573,755,577,603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,266,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@20.[204,1383,265,1813]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 10. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A‒B. Dorsal and lateral overviews showing the scale and spine pattern. C. Detail showing the cuticular teeth protruding from the mouth ring. D. Elongated dorsal spines with a membrane. E. Terminal dorsal spines. F. Internal morphology of a strongly squeezed specimen (body shape hence not representative). G. Ventral overview. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; F–G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195244/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 10A, F–G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBBFFAA53BCDF7F2A0EFDED" box="[767,855,577,603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[205,1382,265,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-17@22.[205,1382,265,1883]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 12. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., holotype (CU-FNS-11-09-19/HO), differential interference contrast. A‒B. Optical sections showing the general body organization. C. Lateral overview. Arrows in (B) and (C) mark the lateral denticle of spines. Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195250/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">12A‒C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFBBFFAA5227DF7F2AE5FDED" box="[868,956,577,603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1744,1770]" captionTargetBox="[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A, C, E, G. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). B, D, F. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Internal morphology. Opposed arrowheads denote posterior pharyngeal dilatations. B. Lateral view of the anterior body region. White star marks the cerebral ganglion. C. Anterior pharyngeal dilatations (opposed arrowheads). D. A pair of cuticular teeth is situated in the center of the mouth ring. E. Ventral view of the head region. Asterisks mark the beginning of the ventral ciliary bands. F. The intestine contains highly refractive and regularly arranged structures (white double arrowheads). G. Furca with a U-shaped indentation and adhesive glands. Scale bars: A = 15 µm; B, E–G = 10 µm; C–D = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195252/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">13A, E</figureCitation>
). The hypostomium is absent and the under-mouth area carries only ciliary patches. Each field is composed of several irregular groups of basal bodies (kinetosomes). The mouth ring is oval, 5.0–5.5 µm in the largest diameter, located subterminally at U2–U4. There are strong but short, rod-like reinforcements lining the walls of the mouth ring as well as an inner pair of cuticular teeth located in the center of the mouth opening (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA75505DC712DECFEDF" box="[1094,1205,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,266,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@20.[204,1383,265,1813]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 10. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A‒B. Dorsal and lateral overviews showing the scale and spine pattern. C. Detail showing the cuticular teeth protruding from the mouth ring. D. Elongated dorsal spines with a membrane. E. Terminal dorsal spines. F. Internal morphology of a strongly squeezed specimen (body shape hence not representative). G. Ventral overview. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; F–G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195244/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 10C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA75582DC712DAEFEDF" box="[1217,1271,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1744,1770]" captionTargetBox="[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A, C, E, G. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). B, D, F. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Internal morphology. Opposed arrowheads denote posterior pharyngeal dilatations. B. Lateral view of the anterior body region. White star marks the cerebral ganglion. C. Anterior pharyngeal dilatations (opposed arrowheads). D. A pair of cuticular teeth is situated in the center of the mouth ring. E. Ventral view of the head region. Asterisks mark the beginning of the ventral ciliary bands. F. The intestine contains highly refractive and regularly arranged structures (white double arrowheads). G. Furca with a U-shaped indentation and adhesive glands. Scale bars: A = 15 µm; B, E–G = 10 µm; C–D = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195252/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">13D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF01CEA0FFBBFFAA51FEDABE2C0BF857" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195246" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7195246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195246/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[189,232,1920,1946]" targetBox="[196,1388,703,1871]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFBBFFAA51FEDABE2C0BF857" blockId="21.[188,1399,1920,2017]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBBFFAA51FEDABE2841F82C" bold="true" box="[189,280,1920,1946]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
Scales of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EE5ABFFBBFFAA50D3DABE2AFAF82C" authority="Križanová &amp; Vďačný, 2022" authorityName="Križanová &amp; Vďačný" authorityYear="2022" box="[400,931,1920,1947]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mirabilis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Hystricochaetonotus">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBBFFAA50D3DABE2B7DF82C" box="[400,548,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Chaetonotus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBBFFAA5376DABE2A71F82C" box="[565,808,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Hystricochaetonotus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBBFFAA527ADABE2AFAF82C" box="[825,931,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239FF41FFBBFFAA52EADABF2D5DF82D" box="[937,1028,1921,1947]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBBFFAA5549DABE2D46F82C" bold="true" box="[1034,1055,1920,1946]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A</emphasis>
. Head lateral scales. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBBFFAA5454DABF2C72F82D" bold="true" box="[1303,1323,1921,1947]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B</emphasis>
. Head dorsal scales. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBBFFAA5023DA9D282CF80B" bold="true" box="[352,373,1955,1981]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C</emphasis>
. Neck dorsal scales. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBBFFAA532FDA9A2BD8F808" bold="true" box="[620,641,1956,1982]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">D</emphasis>
. Trunk lateral scale. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBBFFAA5234DA9A2AD2F808" bold="true" box="[887,907,1956,1982]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">E</emphasis>
. Trunk dorsolateral scale. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBBFFAA5582DA9A2D8AF808" bold="true" box="[1217,1235,1956,1982]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">F</emphasis>
. Trunk dorsal scale. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBBFFAA5045DAF92844F857" bold="true" box="[262,285,1991,2017]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G</emphasis>
. Terminal dorsal scale. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBBFFAA5377DAF92B12F857" bold="true" box="[564,587,1991,2017]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H</emphasis>
. Furcal ventral three-lobed scales. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFBBFFAA52A5DAF92AA8F857" bold="true" box="[998,1009,1991,2017]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">I</emphasis>
. Furcal ventral oblong scales.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF01CEA0FFB8FFA951FEDABE2C1FF857" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195250" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7195250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195250/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[189,232,1920,1946]" targetBox="[205,1382,265,1883]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFB8FFA951FEDABE2C1FF857" blockId="22.[189,1399,1920,2017]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB8FFA951FEDABE287BF82C" bold="true" box="[189,290,1920,1946]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7EE5ABFFB8FFA95072DABE2A0AF82C" authority="Križanová &amp; Vďačný, 2022" authorityName="Križanová &amp; Vďačný" authorityYear="2022" box="[305,851,1920,1947]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mirabilis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Hystricochaetonotus">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB8FFA95072DABE289CF82C" box="[305,453,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chaetonotus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB8FFA9509DDABE2B88F82C" box="[478,721,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hystricochaetonotus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB8FFA953AADABE2A0AF82C" box="[745,851,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239FF41FFB8FFA95221DABF2A9EF82D" box="[866,967,1921,1947]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (CU-FNS-11-09-19/HO), differential interference contrast. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB8FFA95323DA9D2BCEF80B" bold="true" box="[608,663,1955,1981]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A‒B</emphasis>
. Optical sections showing the general body organization. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB8FFA951FEDAF9298BF857" bold="true" box="[189,210,1991,2017]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
. Lateral overview. Arrows in (B) and (C) mark the lateral denticle of spines. Scale bars = 30 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF01CEA0FFB9FFA851FEDBEE2C67F854" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195252" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7195252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195252/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[189,232,1744,1770]" targetBox="[270,1318,265,1705]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFB9FFA851FEDBEE2C67F854" blockId="23.[189,1399,1744,2018]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB9FFA851FEDBEE2842F95C" bold="true" box="[189,283,1744,1770]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7EE5ABFFB9FFA85060DBEF2A61F95D" authority="Križanová &amp; Vďačný, 2022" authorityName="Križanová &amp; Vďačný" authorityYear="2022" box="[291,824,1745,1771]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mirabilis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Hystricochaetonotus">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB9FFA85060DBEF28EEF95D" box="[291,439,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Chaetonotus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB9FFA8508ADBEF2BE5F95D" box="[457,700,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hystricochaetonotus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB9FFA8538DDBEF2A61F95D" box="[718,824,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239FF41FFB9FFA85203DBEF2AC7F95D" box="[832,926,1745,1771]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, differential interference contrast. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB9FFA85476DBEE29A3F8B8" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A, C, E, G</emphasis>
. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB9FFA85384DBCA2A7EF8B8" bold="true" box="[711,807,1780,1806]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">B, D, F</emphasis>
. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB9FFA855B0DBCA2C51F8B8" bold="true" box="[1267,1288,1780,1806]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A</emphasis>
. Internal morphology. Opposed arrowheads denote posterior pharyngeal dilatations. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB9FFA8551FDA292D29F887" bold="true" box="[1116,1136,1815,1841]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">B</emphasis>
. Lateral view of the anterior body region. White star marks the cerebral ganglion. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB9FFA85293DA042ABCF8E2" bold="true" box="[976,997,1850,1876]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C</emphasis>
. Anterior pharyngeal dilatations (opposed arrowheads). 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB9FFA8508CDA6028BDF8CE" bold="true" box="[463,484,1886,1912]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">D</emphasis>
. A pair of cuticular teeth is situated in the center of the mouth ring. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB9FFA85443DA602C4DF8CE" bold="true" box="[1280,1300,1886,1912]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E</emphasis>
. Ventral view of the head region. Asterisks mark the beginning of the ventral ciliary bands. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB9FFA855F4DABF2D90F82D" bold="true" box="[1207,1225,1921,1947]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F</emphasis>
. The intestine contains highly refractive and regularly arranged structures (white double arrowheads). 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB9FFA855FCDA9A2D8FF808" bold="true" box="[1215,1238,1956,1982]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G</emphasis>
. Furca with a U-shaped indentation and adhesive glands. Scale bars: A = 15 µm; B, E–G = 10 µm; C–D = 5 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFB6FFA751FEDCAF2A4EFD5E" blockId="24.[189,1399,401,744]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
INTERNAL MORPHOLOGY. The pharynx extends from ca U5 to U30, is 26–30 µm long and 5.3–7.8 µm wide, sinuous, and has marked anterior and posterior dilatations (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA7523CDC8A2AB3FE78" box="[895,1002,436,462]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,266,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@20.[204,1383,265,1813]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 10. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A‒B. Dorsal and lateral overviews showing the scale and spine pattern. C. Detail showing the cuticular teeth protruding from the mouth ring. D. Elongated dorsal spines with a membrane. E. Terminal dorsal spines. F. Internal morphology of a strongly squeezed specimen (body shape hence not representative). G. Ventral overview. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; F–G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195244/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 10F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA752B4DC8A2D09FE78" box="[1015,1104,436,462]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1744,1770]" captionTargetBox="[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A, C, E, G. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). B, D, F. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Internal morphology. Opposed arrowheads denote posterior pharyngeal dilatations. B. Lateral view of the anterior body region. White star marks the cerebral ganglion. C. Anterior pharyngeal dilatations (opposed arrowheads). D. A pair of cuticular teeth is situated in the center of the mouth ring. E. Ventral view of the head region. Asterisks mark the beginning of the ventral ciliary bands. F. The intestine contains highly refractive and regularly arranged structures (white double arrowheads). G. Furca with a U-shaped indentation and adhesive glands. Scale bars: A = 15 µm; B, E–G = 10 µm; C–D = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195252/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">13A, C</figureCitation>
, white arrowheads). The posterior dilatation (ca U20–U30) is larger than the anterior one (ca U5–U8) (Supp. file 1: 
<tableCitation id="C6FCAB93FFB6FFA755BFDCE92C31FE47" box="[1276,1384,471,497]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="9.[189,259,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 2. GenBank accession numbers of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences of nine new species of the subgenus Hystricochaetonotus Schwank, 1990." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF01CEA0FFA7FFB651FEDC372A6AFEF0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" tableUuid="DF01CEA0FFA7FFB651FEDC372A6AFEF0">Table S2</tableCitation>
). The pharynx is connected to the straight intestine through a pharyngeal‒intestinal junction (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA755BFDCC42C30FDA3" box="[1276,1385,506,533]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1744,1770]" captionTargetBox="[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A, C, E, G. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). B, D, F. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Internal morphology. Opposed arrowheads denote posterior pharyngeal dilatations. B. Lateral view of the anterior body region. White star marks the cerebral ganglion. C. Anterior pharyngeal dilatations (opposed arrowheads). D. A pair of cuticular teeth is situated in the center of the mouth ring. E. Ventral view of the head region. Asterisks mark the beginning of the ventral ciliary bands. F. The intestine contains highly refractive and regularly arranged structures (white double arrowheads). G. Furca with a U-shaped indentation and adhesive glands. Scale bars: A = 15 µm; B, E–G = 10 µm; C–D = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195252/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
). The intestine runs from U31 to U84 and has a separate, well-differentiated anterior section (U31–U33) (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA75186DF7F2869FDED" box="[197,304,577,603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,266,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@20.[204,1383,265,1813]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 10. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A‒B. Dorsal and lateral overviews showing the scale and spine pattern. C. Detail showing the cuticular teeth protruding from the mouth ring. D. Elongated dorsal spines with a membrane. E. Terminal dorsal spines. F. Internal morphology of a strongly squeezed specimen (body shape hence not representative). G. Ventral overview. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; F–G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195244/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 10F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA7507FDF7F282AFDED" box="[316,371,577,603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1744,1770]" captionTargetBox="[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A, C, E, G. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). B, D, F. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Internal morphology. Opposed arrowheads denote posterior pharyngeal dilatations. B. Lateral view of the anterior body region. White star marks the cerebral ganglion. C. Anterior pharyngeal dilatations (opposed arrowheads). D. A pair of cuticular teeth is situated in the center of the mouth ring. E. Ventral view of the head region. Asterisks mark the beginning of the ventral ciliary bands. F. The intestine contains highly refractive and regularly arranged structures (white double arrowheads). G. Furca with a U-shaped indentation and adhesive glands. Scale bars: A = 15 µm; B, E–G = 10 µm; C–D = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195252/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">13A</figureCitation>
). There are highly refractive and regularly arranged structures well recognizable in the lateral view of the intestine (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA7534DDF5A2B2EFDC8" box="[526,631,612,638]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1744,1770]" captionTargetBox="[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A, C, E, G. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). B, D, F. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Internal morphology. Opposed arrowheads denote posterior pharyngeal dilatations. B. Lateral view of the anterior body region. White star marks the cerebral ganglion. C. Anterior pharyngeal dilatations (opposed arrowheads). D. A pair of cuticular teeth is situated in the center of the mouth ring. E. Ventral view of the head region. Asterisks mark the beginning of the ventral ciliary bands. F. The intestine contains highly refractive and regularly arranged structures (white double arrowheads). G. Furca with a U-shaped indentation and adhesive glands. Scale bars: A = 15 µm; B, E–G = 10 µm; C–D = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195252/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 13F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA753C7DF5A2BE1FDC8" box="[644,696,612,638]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1780,1806]" captionTargetBox="[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 14. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A–B, E. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). C–D, F–G. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Dorsal view showing the scale and spine pattern. B. Head scales. C. Neck and upper trunk dorsolateral scales. D. Terminal dorsal trunk scales with a lateral denticle (arrows). E. Ventral ciliary bands. White dashed lines mark upper-furcal scales. F. Lateral trunk scales. G. Dorsal trunk spines with a membrane. White double arrowheads mark the highly refractive bodies in the intestine. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B–F = 5 µm; G = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195254/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">14G</figureCitation>
, double white arrowheads). Transversal bands connected to the base of dorsal scales are recognizable from ca U10 (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA75214DFB92A9BFD17" box="[855,962,647,673]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,266,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@20.[204,1383,265,1813]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 10. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A‒B. Dorsal and lateral overviews showing the scale and spine pattern. C. Detail showing the cuticular teeth protruding from the mouth ring. D. Elongated dorsal spines with a membrane. E. Terminal dorsal spines. F. Internal morphology of a strongly squeezed specimen (body shape hence not representative). G. Ventral overview. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; F–G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195244/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 10F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA7528DDFB92D5CFD17" box="[974,1029,647,673]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1744,1770]" captionTargetBox="[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A, C, E, G. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). B, D, F. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Internal morphology. Opposed arrowheads denote posterior pharyngeal dilatations. B. Lateral view of the anterior body region. White star marks the cerebral ganglion. C. Anterior pharyngeal dilatations (opposed arrowheads). D. A pair of cuticular teeth is situated in the center of the mouth ring. E. Ventral view of the head region. Asterisks mark the beginning of the ventral ciliary bands. F. The intestine contains highly refractive and regularly arranged structures (white double arrowheads). G. Furca with a U-shaped indentation and adhesive glands. Scale bars: A = 15 µm; B, E–G = 10 µm; C–D = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195252/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">13A</figureCitation>
). The adhesive gland (ca U85– U91) is placed right behind the terminal part of the intestine, it is broadly pyriform forming a short dichotomy at the subtle furca base (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA7531DDFF02B91FD5E" box="[606,712,718,744]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,266,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@20.[204,1383,265,1813]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 10. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A‒B. Dorsal and lateral overviews showing the scale and spine pattern. C. Detail showing the cuticular teeth protruding from the mouth ring. D. Elongated dorsal spines with a membrane. E. Terminal dorsal spines. F. Internal morphology of a strongly squeezed specimen (body shape hence not representative). G. Ventral overview. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; F–G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195244/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 10F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA75390DFF02A53FD5E" box="[723,778,718,744]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1744,1770]" captionTargetBox="[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A, C, E, G. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). B, D, F. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Internal morphology. Opposed arrowheads denote posterior pharyngeal dilatations. B. Lateral view of the anterior body region. White star marks the cerebral ganglion. C. Anterior pharyngeal dilatations (opposed arrowheads). D. A pair of cuticular teeth is situated in the center of the mouth ring. E. Ventral view of the head region. Asterisks mark the beginning of the ventral ciliary bands. F. The intestine contains highly refractive and regularly arranged structures (white double arrowheads). G. Furca with a U-shaped indentation and adhesive glands. Scale bars: A = 15 µm; B, E–G = 10 µm; C–D = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195252/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">13G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFB6FFA751FEDE312DAFF986" blockId="24.[189,1399,783,1584]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
SCALES. Almost the entire body is covered by not overlapping three-lobed scales that adhere to the basal cuticle layer along their whole perimeter. Scales are distributed in a minimum of 10–12 longitudinal rows, with 17 scales in the central row. Central dorsal and dorsolateral longitudinal rows of scales begin at the level of the anterior edge of the hypopleurae (ca U6), lateral rows start at their posterior end (ca U9). Ventral and ventrolateral rows are hardly visible due to the highly pronounced dorsal spines (for further explanation, see below). Head scales (ca U6–U25) are fairly small, i.e., 3.3–4.1 ×1.9–3.9 µm in size. Two 
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFB6FFA75071DEDD2829FC4B" box="[306,368,995,1021]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">types</typeStatus>
could be recognized: (i) lateral boomerang-shaped scales with a subtle anterior lobe, the transition between anterior and posterior lobes is indistinct and continuous, 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB6FFA7557AD9382D11FBA9" box="[1081,1096,1030,1055]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">α</emphasis>
= 170–177°, and 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB6FFA7545FD9382C72FB96" box="[1308,1323,1030,1056]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">β</emphasis>
= 70– 85° (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA751B5D9172839FBF5" box="[246,352,1065,1091]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,703,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-166@21.[189,1398,697,1881]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 11. Scales of Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A. Head lateral scales. B. Head dorsal scales. C. Neck dorsal scales. D. Trunk lateral scale. E. Trunk dorsolateral scale. F. Trunk dorsal scale. G. Terminal dorsal scale. H. Furcal ventral three-lobed scales. I. Furcal ventral oblong scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195246/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
) and (ii) dorsal/dorsolateral scales with a distinctly elongated anterior lobe and a smaller angle 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB6FFA75046D973284DFBD0" box="[261,276,1101,1126]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">α</emphasis>
ranging from 146 to 169°, angle 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB6FFA753E5D9722BECFBD0" box="[678,693,1100,1126]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">β</emphasis>
spans a wide range of 68–108°, and the transition between anterior and posterior lobes is marked (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA753CFD9512BA3FB3F" box="[652,762,1135,1161]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,703,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-166@21.[189,1398,697,1881]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 11. Scales of Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A. Head lateral scales. B. Head dorsal scales. C. Neck dorsal scales. D. Trunk lateral scale. E. Trunk dorsolateral scale. F. Trunk dorsal scale. G. Terminal dorsal scale. H. Furcal ventral three-lobed scales. I. Furcal ventral oblong scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195246/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 11B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA75244D9512A62FB3F" box="[775,827,1135,1161]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1780,1806]" captionTargetBox="[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 14. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A–B, E. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). C–D, F–G. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Dorsal view showing the scale and spine pattern. B. Head scales. C. Neck and upper trunk dorsolateral scales. D. Terminal dorsal trunk scales with a lateral denticle (arrows). E. Ventral ciliary bands. White dashed lines mark upper-furcal scales. F. Lateral trunk scales. G. Dorsal trunk spines with a membrane. White double arrowheads mark the highly refractive bodies in the intestine. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B–F = 5 µm; G = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195254/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">14B</figureCitation>
). Neck dorsal scales are 3.2–5.1 ×2.0–2.7 µm in size. They are anteriorly more broadly rounded, their angle 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB6FFA75235D9AD2ADCFB1A" box="[886,901,1171,1196]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">α</emphasis>
is slightly smaller (153–163°), 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB6FFA75443D9AC2C56FB1A" box="[1280,1295,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">β</emphasis>
is closer to the right angle (82–91°) than in head scales, and the transition between anterior and posterior lobes is marked (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA7507CD9E728F4FB45" box="[319,429,1241,1267]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,703,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-166@21.[189,1398,697,1881]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 11. Scales of Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A. Head lateral scales. B. Head dorsal scales. C. Neck dorsal scales. D. Trunk lateral scale. E. Trunk dorsolateral scale. F. Trunk dorsal scale. G. Terminal dorsal scale. H. Furcal ventral three-lobed scales. I. Furcal ventral oblong scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195246/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 11C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA750F9D9E728A9FB45" box="[442,496,1241,1267]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1780,1806]" captionTargetBox="[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 14. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A–B, E. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). C–D, F–G. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Dorsal view showing the scale and spine pattern. B. Head scales. C. Neck and upper trunk dorsolateral scales. D. Terminal dorsal trunk scales with a lateral denticle (arrows). E. Ventral ciliary bands. White dashed lines mark upper-furcal scales. F. Lateral trunk scales. G. Dorsal trunk spines with a membrane. White double arrowheads mark the highly refractive bodies in the intestine. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B–F = 5 µm; G = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195254/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">14A</figureCitation>
). This 
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFB6FFA75303D9E72B2AFB45" box="[576,627,1241,1267]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
of scale terminates right at the anterior border of the trunk region (ca U26–U39). The trunk region is covered by 
<specimenCount id="9D7855A1FFB6FFA753A4D9C22A07FAA0" box="[743,862,1276,1302]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic" typeStatus="types">four types</specimenCount>
of scales: (i) lateral scales (U37–U50) with a tongue-shaped anterior lobe and comparatively narrow posterior lobes, 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB6FFA75544D81E2D4FFA8F" box="[1031,1046,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">α</emphasis>
= 149–150°, and 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB6FFA755A8D8212DA3FA8F" box="[1259,1274,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">β</emphasis>
= 76–82°, the transition between anterior and posterior lobes is indistinct and continuous (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA755C5D87C2DA0FAEA" box="[1158,1273,1346,1372]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,703,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-166@21.[189,1398,697,1881]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 11. Scales of Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A. Head lateral scales. B. Head dorsal scales. C. Neck dorsal scales. D. Trunk lateral scale. E. Trunk dorsolateral scale. F. Trunk dorsal scale. G. Terminal dorsal scale. H. Furcal ventral three-lobed scales. I. Furcal ventral oblong scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195246/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 11D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA7544BD87C2C63FAEA" box="[1288,1338,1346,1372]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1780,1806]" captionTargetBox="[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 14. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A–B, E. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). C–D, F–G. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Dorsal view showing the scale and spine pattern. B. Head scales. C. Neck and upper trunk dorsolateral scales. D. Terminal dorsal trunk scales with a lateral denticle (arrows). E. Ventral ciliary bands. White dashed lines mark upper-furcal scales. F. Lateral trunk scales. G. Dorsal trunk spines with a membrane. White double arrowheads mark the highly refractive bodies in the intestine. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B–F = 5 µm; G = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195254/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">14F</figureCitation>
); (ii) dorsolateral scales (U50–U81) with a tongue-shaped anterior lobe and wider posterior lobes being closer together, 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB6FFA7506DD8B72864FA14" box="[302,317,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">α</emphasis>
= 147–158°, 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB6FFA750A4D8B728AFFA15" box="[487,502,1417,1443]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">β</emphasis>
= 68–76°, the transition between anterior and posterior lobes is indistinct (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA75186D8922876FA70" box="[197,303,1452,1478]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,703,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-166@21.[189,1398,697,1881]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 11. Scales of Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A. Head lateral scales. B. Head dorsal scales. C. Neck dorsal scales. D. Trunk lateral scale. E. Trunk dorsolateral scale. F. Trunk dorsal scale. G. Terminal dorsal scale. H. Furcal ventral three-lobed scales. I. Furcal ventral oblong scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195246/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 11E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA7507BD89228D7FA70" box="[312,398,1452,1478]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1780,1806]" captionTargetBox="[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 14. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A–B, E. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). C–D, F–G. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Dorsal view showing the scale and spine pattern. B. Head scales. C. Neck and upper trunk dorsolateral scales. D. Terminal dorsal trunk scales with a lateral denticle (arrows). E. Ventral ciliary bands. White dashed lines mark upper-furcal scales. F. Lateral trunk scales. G. Dorsal trunk spines with a membrane. White double arrowheads mark the highly refractive bodies in the intestine. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B–F = 5 µm; G = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195254/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">14A, C</figureCitation>
); (iii) dorsal big scales (U50–U78) with a tapered, triangular anterior lobe and narrowly rounded posterior lobes, 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB6FFA750A1D8EE28A8FA5F" box="[482,497,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">α</emphasis>
= 175–179°, 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB6FFA753D0D8F12BFBFA5F" box="[659,674,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">β</emphasis>
= 57–68°, the transition between anterior and posterior lobes is also indistinct (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA750CFD8CC28ACF9BA" box="[396,501,1522,1548]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,703,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-166@21.[189,1398,697,1881]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 11. Scales of Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A. Head lateral scales. B. Head dorsal scales. C. Neck dorsal scales. D. Trunk lateral scale. E. Trunk dorsolateral scale. F. Trunk dorsal scale. G. Terminal dorsal scale. H. Furcal ventral three-lobed scales. I. Furcal ventral oblong scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195246/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 11F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA75341D8CC2B61F9BA" box="[514,568,1522,1548]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1780,1806]" captionTargetBox="[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 14. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A–B, E. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). C–D, F–G. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Dorsal view showing the scale and spine pattern. B. Head scales. C. Neck and upper trunk dorsolateral scales. D. Terminal dorsal trunk scales with a lateral denticle (arrows). E. Ventral ciliary bands. White dashed lines mark upper-furcal scales. F. Lateral trunk scales. G. Dorsal trunk spines with a membrane. White double arrowheads mark the highly refractive bodies in the intestine. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B–F = 5 µm; G = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195254/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">14A</figureCitation>
); and (iv) dorsal smaller scales (U80–U90) with an anteriorly rounded anterior lobe, the transition between anterior and posterior lobes is marked (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA75575DB2B2DFFF986" box="[1078,1190,1557,1584]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,703,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-166@21.[189,1398,697,1881]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 11. Scales of Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A. Head lateral scales. B. Head dorsal scales. C. Neck dorsal scales. D. Trunk lateral scale. E. Trunk dorsolateral scale. F. Trunk dorsal scale. G. Terminal dorsal scale. H. Furcal ventral three-lobed scales. I. Furcal ventral oblong scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195246/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 11G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA755F1DB282DB0F986" box="[1202,1257,1558,1584]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1780,1806]" captionTargetBox="[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 14. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A–B, E. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). C–D, F–G. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Dorsal view showing the scale and spine pattern. B. Head scales. C. Neck and upper trunk dorsolateral scales. D. Terminal dorsal trunk scales with a lateral denticle (arrows). E. Ventral ciliary bands. White dashed lines mark upper-furcal scales. F. Lateral trunk scales. G. Dorsal trunk spines with a membrane. White double arrowheads mark the highly refractive bodies in the intestine. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B–F = 5 µm; G = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195254/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">14D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFB6FFA551FEDB692DB5FE06" blockId="24.[187,1399,1623,2001]" lastBlockId="26.[189,1399,265,433]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
SPINES. All spines bear a lateral denticle and gradually narrow towards the distal end. Three main 
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFB6FFA751FEDB4529A2F923" box="[189,251,1659,1685]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">types</typeStatus>
could be distinguished. The most common 
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFB6FFA75253DB452A1AF923" box="[784,835,1659,1685]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
of spines emerges from the head (2.7–3.7 µm long), neck (4.5–7.1 µm long), trunk dorsolateral (4.0–6.8 µm long), and lateral scales (6.8–8.8 µm long). The lateral denticle is minute and its tip is distant only 0.7–0.9 µm from the spine apex, which corresponds to a 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB6FFA750C5DBDA28CDF948" box="[390,404,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">d</emphasis>
-ratio of 25.3–31.2%. Lateral spines are, however, slightly thinner (0.32–0.35 µm vs 0.30–0.43 µm) and their subterminal denticle is rather inconspicuous and much closer to the spine apex (
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB6FFA75184DA14298FF8F2" box="[199,214,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">d</emphasis>
-ratio 8–10%) in comparison with head, neck, and dorsolateral spines. The second 
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFB6FFA755D8DA152D97F8F3" box="[1179,1230,1835,1861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
is represented by the prominent, elongated spines carrying a conspicuous denticle (2.6–5.6 µm long) associated with a membrane (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA75004DA4E28EFF83D" box="[327,438,1904,1931]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,266,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@20.[204,1383,265,1813]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 10. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A‒B. Dorsal and lateral overviews showing the scale and spine pattern. C. Detail showing the cuticular teeth protruding from the mouth ring. D. Elongated dorsal spines with a membrane. E. Terminal dorsal spines. F. Internal morphology of a strongly squeezed specimen (body shape hence not representative). G. Ventral overview. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; F–G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195244/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 10D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA75083DA4F28B4F83D" box="[448,493,1905,1931]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,703,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-166@21.[189,1398,697,1881]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 11. Scales of Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A. Head lateral scales. B. Head dorsal scales. C. Neck dorsal scales. D. Trunk lateral scale. E. Trunk dorsolateral scale. F. Trunk dorsal scale. G. Terminal dorsal scale. H. Furcal ventral three-lobed scales. I. Furcal ventral oblong scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195246/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">11F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA750BBDA4F2B14F83D" box="[504,589,1905,1931]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[205,1382,265,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-17@22.[205,1382,265,1883]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 12. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., holotype (CU-FNS-11-09-19/HO), differential interference contrast. A‒B. Optical sections showing the general body organization. C. Lateral overview. Arrows in (B) and (C) mark the lateral denticle of spines. Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195250/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">12B–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA7531BDA4F2BDFF83D" box="[600,646,1905,1931]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1744,1770]" captionTargetBox="[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[270,1318,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A, C, E, G. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). B, D, F. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Internal morphology. Opposed arrowheads denote posterior pharyngeal dilatations. B. Lateral view of the anterior body region. White star marks the cerebral ganglion. C. Anterior pharyngeal dilatations (opposed arrowheads). D. A pair of cuticular teeth is situated in the center of the mouth ring. E. Ventral view of the head region. Asterisks mark the beginning of the ventral ciliary bands. F. The intestine contains highly refractive and regularly arranged structures (white double arrowheads). G. Furca with a U-shaped indentation and adhesive glands. Scale bars: A = 15 µm; B, E–G = 10 µm; C–D = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195252/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">13F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB6FFA753D2DA4F2BB0F83D" box="[657,745,1905,1931]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1780,1806]" captionTargetBox="[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 14. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A–B, E. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). C–D, F–G. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Dorsal view showing the scale and spine pattern. B. Head scales. C. Neck and upper trunk dorsolateral scales. D. Terminal dorsal trunk scales with a lateral denticle (arrows). E. Ventral ciliary bands. White dashed lines mark upper-furcal scales. F. Lateral trunk scales. G. Dorsal trunk spines with a membrane. White double arrowheads mark the highly refractive bodies in the intestine. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B–F = 5 µm; G = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195254/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">14A, G</figureCitation>
). The denticle is 6.4–7.9 µm distant from the spine apex, which corresponds to a 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB6FFA75090DAAA28BBF818" box="[467,482,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">d</emphasis>
-ratio of 18.2–22.6%. 
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFB6FFA753A0DAAA2A44F818" box="[739,797,1940,1966]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type</typeStatus>
2 spines are 20.7–35.9 µm long and comparatively wide (1.8–1.9 µm) at the base. Altogether only five horizontal rows of dorsal scales are equipped with this 
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFB4FFA551B2DC37287DFE95" box="[241,292,265,291]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
of spines (U50–U78). The last 
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFB4FFA553E2DC372B8DFE95" box="[673,724,265,291]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
could be found only on the two terminal rows of dorsal scales on the furca base and branches. These spines are significantly shorter (13.0–18.4 µm vs 20.7– 35.9 µm) and thinner (0.7–0.8 µm vs 1.1–1.6 µm) than the previous 
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFB4FFA552A7DC6E2D43FEDC" box="[996,1050,336,362]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
. They are slightly curved and hair-like tapered distally. Although their denticle is well recognizable, it is not associated with a distinct membrane. The 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB4FFA5503FDCA828D2FE06" box="[380,395,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">d</emphasis>
-value is 2.9–4.4 µm and the 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB4FFA553A2DCA82BA9FE06" box="[737,752,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">d</emphasis>
-ratio is 22.0–25.7% (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB4FFA552ACDCA82D05FE06" box="[1007,1116,406,432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,266,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@20.[204,1383,265,1813]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 10. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A‒B. Dorsal and lateral overviews showing the scale and spine pattern. C. Detail showing the cuticular teeth protruding from the mouth ring. D. Elongated dorsal spines with a membrane. E. Terminal dorsal spines. F. Internal morphology of a strongly squeezed specimen (body shape hence not representative). G. Ventral overview. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; F–G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195244/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs 10E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB4FFA5552BDCA82DC5FE06" box="[1128,1180,406,432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,703,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-166@21.[189,1398,697,1881]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 11. Scales of Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A. Head lateral scales. B. Head dorsal scales. C. Neck dorsal scales. D. Trunk lateral scale. E. Trunk dorsolateral scale. F. Trunk dorsal scale. G. Terminal dorsal scale. H. Furcal ventral three-lobed scales. I. Furcal ventral oblong scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195246/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">11G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB4FFA555EBDCA82D86FE06" box="[1192,1247,406,432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1780,1806]" captionTargetBox="[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[257,1330,265,1741]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 14. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov., differential interference contrast. A–B, E. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). C–D, F–G. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). A. Dorsal view showing the scale and spine pattern. B. Head scales. C. Neck and upper trunk dorsolateral scales. D. Terminal dorsal trunk scales with a lateral denticle (arrows). E. Ventral ciliary bands. White dashed lines mark upper-furcal scales. F. Lateral trunk scales. G. Dorsal trunk spines with a membrane. White double arrowheads mark the highly refractive bodies in the intestine. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B–F = 5 µm; G = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195254/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">14D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF01CEA0FFB7FFA651FEDBCA28CBF854" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195254" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7195254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195254/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[189,232,1780,1806]" targetBox="[257,1330,265,1741]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFB7FFA651FEDBCA28CBF854" blockId="25.[189,1399,1780,2018]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB7FFA651FEDBCA2842F8B8" bold="true" box="[189,283,1780,1806]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7EE5ABFFB7FFA65067DBCA2A60F8B8" authority="Križanová &amp; Vďačný, 2022" authorityName="Križanová &amp; Vďačný" authorityYear="2022" box="[292,825,1780,1806]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mirabilis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Hystricochaetonotus">
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB7FFA65067DBCA28E1F8B8" box="[292,440,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Chaetonotus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB7FFA65089DBCA2BE4F8B8" box="[458,701,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hystricochaetonotus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB7FFA6538CDBCA2A60F8B8" box="[719,825,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239FF41FFB7FFA65202DBCA2AF9F8B8" box="[833,928,1780,1806]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, differential interference contrast. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB7FFA6547BDBCA2988F887" bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A–B, E</emphasis>
. Paratype (CU-FNS-25-10-19/PA-1). 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB7FFA653E7DA292A73F887" bold="true" box="[676,810,1815,1841]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C–D, F–G</emphasis>
. Paratype (CU-FNS-02-10-19/PA-2). 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB7FFA655BDDA292C4AF887" bold="true" box="[1278,1299,1815,1841]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing the scale and spine pattern. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB7FFA653EDDA042B9BF8E2" bold="true" box="[686,706,1850,1876]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">B</emphasis>
. Head scales. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB7FFA65228DA042AD9F8E2" bold="true" box="[875,896,1850,1876]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C</emphasis>
. Neck and upper trunk dorsolateral scales. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB7FFA651FEDA60298BF8CE" bold="true" box="[189,210,1886,1912]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">D</emphasis>
. Terminal dorsal trunk scales with a lateral denticle (arrows). 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB7FFA652F3DA602A9DF8CE" bold="true" box="[944,964,1886,1912]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">E</emphasis>
. Ventral ciliary bands. White dashed lines mark upper-furcal scales. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB7FFA6536EDABF2B66F82D" bold="true" box="[557,575,1921,1947]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">F</emphasis>
. Lateral trunk scales. 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB7FFA65201DABE2A00F82C" bold="true" box="[834,857,1920,1946]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G</emphasis>
. Dorsal trunk spines with a membrane. White double arrowheads mark the highly refractive bodies in the intestine. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B–F = 5 µm; G = 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC19E28FFB4FFA551FEDCE62AE9FCBD" blockId="26.[189,1399,471,780]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
VENTRAL CILIARY BANDS AND VENTRAL INTERCILIARY FIELD. Unfortunately, the ventral side could not be observed in detail due to the very long and strong 
<typeStatus id="54C5208AFFB4FFA553B4DCC52A73FDA3" box="[759,810,507,533]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
2 spines that precluded turning over and squeezing the worms. Despite that, the following observations could be done. The longitudinal ciliary bands begin at ca U7 and run backward to ca U87. They are somewhat wider on the neck than on the trunk where they narrow slightly from ca U78. The ciliary bands are accompanied by a ventrolateral row of small (2.4–3.0× 1.0–1.5 µm in size), oblong, and keeled scales that start at U7. The upper furcal region (U84– U90) carries 
<specimenCount id="9D7855A1FFB4FFA55018DF952896FD73" box="[347,463,683,709]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of scales: (i) three-lobed, spined scales with a broadly rounded anterior lobe, narrowly rounded posterior lobes, 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB4FFA55315DFF02B3CFD51" box="[598,613,718,743]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">α</emphasis>
= 137–171°, and 
<emphasis id="B90A423AFFB4FFA55278DFF02A13FD5E" box="[827,842,718,744]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">β</emphasis>
= 59–72° (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB4FFA55292DFF02D1BFD5E" box="[977,1090,718,744]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,266,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@20.[204,1383,265,1813]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 10. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A‒B. Dorsal and lateral overviews showing the scale and spine pattern. C. Detail showing the cuticular teeth protruding from the mouth ring. D. Elongated dorsal spines with a membrane. E. Terminal dorsal spines. F. Internal morphology of a strongly squeezed specimen (body shape hence not representative). G. Ventral overview. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; F–G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195244/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs 10G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB4FFA55513DFF02DDBFD5E" box="[1104,1154,718,744]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,703,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-166@21.[189,1398,697,1881]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 11. Scales of Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A. Head lateral scales. B. Head dorsal scales. C. Neck dorsal scales. D. Trunk lateral scale. E. Trunk dorsolateral scale. F. Trunk dorsal scale. G. Terminal dorsal scale. H. Furcal ventral three-lobed scales. I. Furcal ventral oblong scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195246/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">11H</figureCitation>
) and (ii) oblong and keeled scales being 1.5–3.9 ×0.7–1.5 µm in size (
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB4FFA553BEDFCF2A34FCBD" box="[765,877,753,779]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,266,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@20.[204,1383,265,1813]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 10. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A‒B. Dorsal and lateral overviews showing the scale and spine pattern. C. Detail showing the cuticular teeth protruding from the mouth ring. D. Elongated dorsal spines with a membrane. E. Terminal dorsal spines. F. Internal morphology of a strongly squeezed specimen (body shape hence not representative). G. Ventral overview. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; F–G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195244/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs 10G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134582ADFFB4FFA5523ADFCF2AFBFCBD" box="[889,930,753,779]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,703,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-166@21.[189,1398,697,1881]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 11. Scales of Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) mirabilis sp. nov. A. Head lateral scales. B. Head dorsal scales. C. Neck dorsal scales. D. Trunk lateral scale. E. Trunk dorsolateral scale. F. Trunk dorsal scale. G. Terminal dorsal scale. H. Furcal ventral three-lobed scales. I. Furcal ventral oblong scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195246/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">11I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>