257 lines
28 KiB
XML
257 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="99BD1C7F5E8695551A17B381DB731955" ID-CLB-Dataset="22829" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4766.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7fa4a4ce-5db2-4d06-adeb-db21b0574cef" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764018" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B47DC09C-181A-4DFE-B415-770AFFC11BD3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1587671180438" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2020" docId="03AE8786FFACD552FF40218EFCBA5F84" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4766.2.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4766 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Circeaster americanus" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="219" masterDocId="FF97FFFEFFBDD540FFD72117FFDE5D28" masterDocTitle="New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="218" updateTime="1698835771181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C0A7C782DD1D7755E5A3496F5788B412">New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B7E76CB864782CAD84222F815CB4950E">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1A63C8282A03AC4F4840F0567BC573F5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8A81458CE39A6752E83B94DB11642E12">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DAAE4FBC2EA96291BF00B41CBE9E262B">2020-04-20</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03AE8786FFACD552FF40218EFCBA5F84" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3803731" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163737318" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3803731" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE8786FFACD552FF40218EFCBA5F84" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE8786FFACD552FF40218EFCBA5F84" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFACD551FF40218EFD4E5D9B" box="[151,656,153,179]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FFACD551FF40218EFD4E5D9B" blockId="17.[151,656,153,215]" box="[151,656,153,179]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<heading id="D0F081FCFFACD551FF40218EFD4E5D9B" bold="true" box="[151,656,153,179]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FF40218EFD4E5D9B" ID-CoL="5YV8K" authority="(A. H. Clark 1916)" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[151,656,153,179]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="americanus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FF40218EFD4E5D9B" bold="true" box="[151,656,153,179]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FF40218EFE765D9B" bold="true" box="[151,424,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Circeaster americanus</emphasis>
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(A.H.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FFACD551FE2C218EFD565D9B" author="Clark, A. H." box="[507,648,153,179]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" pagination="141 - 144" refId="ref28132" refString="Clark, A. H. (1916) A new starfish (Lydiaster americanus) from the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 6, 141 - 144 https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 10912" type="journal article" year="1916">Clark 1916</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFACD551FF4021AAFEF45DFF" box="[151,298,189,215]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FFACD551FF4021AAFEF45DFF" blockId="17.[151,656,153,215]" box="[151,298,189,215]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<figureCitation id="133C2A15FFACD551FF4021AAFF2A5DFF" box="[151,244,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1557,1582]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,605,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,597,1531]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Circeaster feeding observations. A. C. americanus feeding on isidid octocoral. Mona South Ridge, Caribbean Sea, 1133 m B. C. americanus feeding on isidid octocoral. Okeanos Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 693 m C. C. americanus feeding on Chrysogorgia sp. octocoral. Okeanos Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 721 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764032/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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A–C
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFACD551FF402011FC4F5F68" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FFACD551FF402011FEFA5C87" blockId="17.[151,1436,261,576]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FF402011FE475C37" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[151,409,262,288]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="americanus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FF402011FE475C37" box="[151,409,262,288]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Circeaster americanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a widely occurring species throughout the western North Atlantic, with occurrence recorded throughout the tropical Atlantic to the mid-Atlantic Ridge (Mah 2015). Most
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FB87203DFB1B5C6C" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1909" box="[1104,1221,298,324]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FB87203DFB1B5C6C" box="[1104,1221,298,324]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Circeaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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diversity is known primarily in the Indo-Pacific where it is represented by eight species. Two of the most closely related species to
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FA542059FEC45CA3" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1916" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="americanus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FA542059FEC45CA3" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">C. americanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FEFD2065FDB55CA3" authority="Mah 2006" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2006" box="[298,619,369,396]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pullus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FEFD2065FE335CA3" box="[298,493,369,396]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Circeaster pullus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FFACD551FE212066FDB55CA3" author="Mah, C. L." box="[502,619,369,395]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" pagination="917 - 954" refId="ref29603" refString="Mah, C. L. (2006) Phylogeny and biogeography of the deep-sea goniasterid, Circeaster (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including descriptions of six new species. Zoosystema, 28 (4), 917 - 954." type="journal article" year="2006">Mah 2006</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FD712065FC2E5CA3" authority="Mah 2006" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2006" box="[678,1008,369,396]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FD712065FCAC5CA3" box="[678,882,369,396]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Circaster sandrae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FFACD551FCAC2066FC2E5CA3" author="Mah, C. L." box="[891,1008,369,395]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" pagination="917 - 954" refId="ref29603" refString="Mah, C. L. (2006) Phylogeny and biogeography of the deep-sea goniasterid, Circeaster (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including descriptions of six new species. Zoosystema, 28 (4), 917 - 954." type="journal article" year="2006">Mah 2006</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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occur in the north and south Pacific, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FFACD551FF1020AEFC4F5F68" blockId="17.[151,1436,261,576]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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Morphological variation was observed in this species across its range. The Caribbean form (
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<figureCitation id="133C2A15FFACD551FB3420AEFAE05CFC" box="[1251,1342,441,468]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1557,1582]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,605,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,597,1531]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Circeaster feeding observations. A. C. americanus feeding on isidid octocoral. Mona South Ridge, Caribbean Sea, 1133 m B. C. americanus feeding on isidid octocoral. Okeanos Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 693 m C. C. americanus feeding on Chrysogorgia sp. octocoral. Okeanos Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 721 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764032/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
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,
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<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFACD551FA9C20AEFA4A5CFC" box="[1355,1428,441,468]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.209999999999999" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="m" value="721.0">721 m</quantity>
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) showed slender arms and demonstrated a closer resemblance to the Pacific species, such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FB7C20C9FACF5CDF" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2006" box="[1195,1297,477,504]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pullus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FB7C20C9FACF5CDF" box="[1195,1297,477,504]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">C. pullus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FA9D20C9FF145F33" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2006" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FA9D20C9FF145F33" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">C. sandrae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In contrast, two individuals from the Gulf of
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<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FFACD551FD1C2316FCFF5F33" box="[715,801,513,539]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Mexico</collectingRegion>
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(
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<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFACD551FCF82316FC665F34" box="[815,952,513,540]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.135" metricValueMax="11.33" metricValueMin="6.94" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="m" value="913.5" valueMax="1133.0" valueMin="694.0">694-1133 m</quantity>
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) displayed massive and strongly developed marginal plate series with thicker and more broadly triangular arms.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF786618FFACD551FF402702FC8F5B5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764032" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764032/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" startId="17.[151,250,1557,1582]" targetBox="[159,1429,605,1523]" targetPageId="17">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FFACD551FF402702FC8F5B5D" blockId="17.[151,1436,1557,1654]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FF402702FD495B06" bold="true" box="[151,663,1557,1582]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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FIGURE 7.
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FEC92701FE575B06" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1909" box="[286,393,1558,1582]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FEC92701FE575B06" bold="true" box="[286,393,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Circeaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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feeding observations. A.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FD482701FCEB5B06" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[671,821,1558,1582]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="americanus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FD482701FCEB5B06" box="[671,821,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">C. americanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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feeding on isidid octocoral. Mona South Ridge, Caribbean Sea, 1133 m
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FECF272DFEEE5B7A" bold="true" box="[280,304,1594,1618]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">B.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FEE2272DFE165B7A" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[309,456,1594,1618]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="americanus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FEE2272DFE165B7A" box="[309,456,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">C. americanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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feeding on isidid octocoral.
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FD30272DFC655B7A" authority="Ridge, Gulf" authorityName="Ridge, Gulf" box="[743,955,1593,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FD30272DFC9E5B7A" box="[743,832,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Okeanos</emphasis>
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Ridge, Gulf
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</taxonomicName>
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of Mexico, 693 m
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FBAD272EFB4D5B7A" bold="true" box="[1146,1171,1593,1618]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">C.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FB4E272DFAF55B7A" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1177,1323,1594,1618]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="americanus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FB4E272DFAF55B7A" box="[1177,1323,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">C. americanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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feeding on
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FF402749FE995B5E" box="[151,327,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FF402749FEFD5B5E" box="[151,291,1630,1654]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Chrysogorgia</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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</emphasis>
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octocoral.
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FE602749FD505B5E" authority="Ridge, Gulf" authorityName="Ridge, Gulf" box="[439,654,1629,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FE602749FDCE5B5E" box="[439,528,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Okeanos</emphasis>
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Ridge, Gulf
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</taxonomicName>
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of Mexico, 721 m.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFACD552FF4027B3FF2E5DFF" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FFACD551FF4027B3FE515B96" blockId="17.[151,1436,1700,2015]" box="[151,399,1700,1726]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FF4027B3FE515B96" box="[151,399,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Feeding Observations</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFACD551FF1027DFFBF55A5A" blockId="17.[151,1436,1700,2015]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
This species was observed feeding on three occasions. Observations showed predation on two different
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BC8832FFACD551FAB627DEFA425BCB" box="[1377,1436,1737,1763]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of octocoral species. One observation (
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFACD551FD8527FBFD435A2F" box="[594,669,1772,1799]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.209999999999999" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="m" value="721.0">721 m</quantity>
|
||
) showed an individual with an arm upturned adjacent to a denuded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FF402607FEEC5A02" box="[151,306,1808,1834]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FF402607FEEC5A02" box="[151,306,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Chrysogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony. The other two observations (
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFACD551FD0D2607FCFA5A03" box="[730,804,1808,1835]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.93" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="m" value="693.0">693 m</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFACD551FC892607FC6A5A03" box="[862,948,1808,1835]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.133" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="m" value="1133.0">1133 m</quantity>
|
||
) showed an individual slightly askew on a rock with a denuded isidid stalk emerging from below its oral region with the deeper observation (
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFACD551FB0E2623FAF15A67" box="[1241,1327,1844,1871]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.133" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="m" value="1133.0">1133 m</quantity>
|
||
) showing an individual perched upon the upper branches of a denuded isidid coral skeleton.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFACD552FF10266AFF2E5DFF" blockId="17.[151,1436,1700,2015]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1436,153,215]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FF10266AFE185ABE" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[199,454,1917,1943]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FF10266AFE185ABE" box="[199,454,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Circeaster americanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has previously been reported feeding on a fallen soft coral colony in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFACD551FAE8266AFF1B5A92" class="Anthozoa" family="Paragorgiidae" genus="Paragorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFACD551FAE8266AFF1B5A92" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Paragorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Manning Seamount in the North Atlantic (Mah 2015). The diversity of prey items suggests this species displays broad variation with regard to its feeding preferences. Alternatively, it is possible that different cryptic lineages may have different feeding preferences but no data is available for the population phylogeography of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFAFD552FF402012FD5A5CA3" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFAFD552FF402012FEC45C37" blockId="18.[151,1437,261,395]" box="[151,282,261,287]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFAFD552FF402012FEC45C37" box="[151,282,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFAFD552FF10203FFD5A5CA3" blockId="18.[151,1437,261,395]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFAFD552FF10203FFE4E5C6B" bold="true" box="[199,400,296,323]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Tropical Atlantic</emphasis>
|
||
, Florida, Louisiana, Gulf of Mexico, North Carolina and the Caribbean, including Columbia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3107600FFAFD552FF40205AFE9A5C4F" box="[151,324,333,359]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">the Grenadines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Leeward Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3107600FFAFD552FDCB205AFD4C5C4F" box="[540,658,333,359]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3107600FFAFD552FD77205AFCF45C4F" box="[672,810,333,359]" name="Netherlands" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Antilles,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3107600FFAFD552FC49205AFBC15C4F" box="[926,1055,333,359]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3107600FFAFD552FBFB205AFB495C4F" box="[1068,1175,333,359]" name="Suriname" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3107600FFAFD552FB05205AFA975C4F" box="[1234,1353,333,359]" name="Venezuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFAFD552FA82205AFF295CA3" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">North Atlantic</emphasis>
|
||
, Manning Seamount,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFAFD552FE272067FD5E5CA3" box="[496,640,368,395]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0875" metricValueMax="1.675" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="1087.5" valueMax="1675.0" valueMin="500.0">500–1675 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFAFD552FF4020AEFCBA5F84" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFAFD552FF4020AEFEBF5CFB" blockId="18.[151,961,441,684]" box="[151,353,441,467]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Images Examined</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFAFD552FF1020CAFC725F33" blockId="18.[151,961,441,684]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFAFD552FF1020CAFE6A5CDF" authority="Ridge, Gulf" authorityName="Ridge, Gulf" box="[199,436,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFAFD552FF1020CAFEF75CDF" box="[199,297,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Okeanos</emphasis>
|
||
Ridge, Gulf
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FFAFD552FE0D20CAFDEC5CDF" box="[474,562,477,503]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFAFD552FDEA20CBFD775CDF" box="[573,681,476,503]" degrees="25.68007" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" precision="1" value="25.68007">25.68007</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFAFD552FD6320CAFCF45CDF" box="[692,810,477,503]" degrees="84.62041" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" precision="1" value="-84.62041">-84.62041</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFAFD552FCE220CAFCA25CDF" box="[821,892,477,503]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.209999999999999" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="721.0">721 m</quantity>
|
||
EX1711_IMG_20171202T
|
||
<date id="FFB91050FFAFD552FE2F2317FD945F33" box="[504,586,512,539]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" value="07-02-15">150207</date>
|
||
Z_ROVHD.jpg (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFAFD552FCDE2316FC7A5F33" box="[777,932,513,539]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFAFD552FCDE2316FC7A5F33" box="[777,932,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Chrysogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFAFD552FF102332FCB35F4C" blockId="18.[151,961,441,684]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFAFD552FF102332FE6A5F17" authority="Ridge, Gulf" authorityName="Ridge, Gulf" box="[199,436,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFAFD552FF102332FEF75F17" box="[199,297,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Okeanos</emphasis>
|
||
Ridge, Gulf
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FFAFD552FE0D2332FDEC5F17" box="[474,562,549,575]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFAFD552FDEA2333FD775F17" box="[573,681,548,575]" degrees="25.68030" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" precision="1" value="25.6803">25.68030</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFAFD552FD632332FCF45F17" box="[692,810,549,575]" degrees="84.61918" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" precision="1" value="-84.61918">-84.61918</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFAFD552FCE22332FCA25F17" box="[821,892,549,575]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.94" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="694.0">694 m</quantity>
|
||
EX1711_IMG_20171202T
|
||
<date id="FFB91050FFAFD552FE2E235EFD945F4B" box="[505,586,585,611]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" value="21-07-17">170721</date>
|
||
Z_ROVHD.jpg (bamboo)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFAFD552FF10237AFCBA5F84" blockId="18.[151,961,441,684]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FFAFD552FF10237AFED65FAF" box="[199,264,621,647]" country="United Kingdom" name="Isle of Anglesey" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Mona</collectingRegion>
|
||
South Ridge, Caribbean Sea,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFAFD552FD8E237AFD0D5FAF" box="[601,723,621,647]" degrees="17.946907" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" precision="1" value="17.946907">17.946907</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFAFD552FD09237AFCBC5FAF" box="[734,866,621,647]" degrees="67.887304" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" precision="1" value="-67.88731">-67.887304</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFAFD552FCBA237AFC1F5FAF" box="[877,961,621,647]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.133" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="1133.0">1133 m</quantity>
|
||
EX1811_IMG_20181117T155851Z_ROVHD.jpg (feeding)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |