224 lines
26 KiB
XML
224 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="37A2126AAD17D3A0B136312CA88969F1" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4268.2.1SLASH11054" ID-CLB-Dataset="33045" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4268.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e114acb7-3683-4094-a53f-c9bc7ed84353" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="580173" ID-ZooBank="0742D287-B82C-4014-A6AC-C357F259D5D7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1494919993818" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Summers, Mindi M., Messing, Charles G. & Rouse, Greg W." docDate="2017" docId="039EDF70FFB7A16AFF66DEAC1221FDBD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4268.2.1SLASH11054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4268 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Davidaster Hoggett & Rowe 1986" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="FFA7A708FFBEA160FFF1DB31103FFFDD" masterDocTitle="The genera and species of Comatulidae (Comatulida: Crinoidea): taxonomic revisions and a molecular and morphological guide" masterLastPageNumber="190" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1698439592185" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="E315AA55A19DC681E204E3BBB8CAB96B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="3B3F55F8879708F4D7A1B939AA495BAD">
|
||
<mods:title id="C8C7EC5BA3CF20FE9DCE5A2A6DDE0C01">The genera and species of Comatulidae (Comatulida: Crinoidea): taxonomic revisions and a molecular and morphological guide</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="0AA2D2763C83E78EEBBA0B9B89033028" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="14C46C8529A04960FB5E2A77857C7668">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8BF9F7CC2B1331772E6A755EAF7CA115">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D5D2BDD3A268DE4394E4DCB511817849">Summers, Mindi M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7FE0E967F3392BC919BE1BDD67A977CC" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="55B144E5FC388E76920011A69649D45C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="5938D0A0D0C793652B50A9830A01E0E0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D59C6F631971BC40BEED2A154994B128">Messing, Charles G.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="1095DE6047B7760A5E74E8FEEC3B154E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="B2D4CD1417FEBB7907F2B7281950ADDA">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DC2130EDB297ACB0CF2DD3E5B067E63A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="FC26DFAD1B2F0776F219D89A3B4B1830">Rouse, Greg W.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="F50F12F28418F4443EE4D9D4D570F845">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="C181B64C89400DC9EA22EDF946C5B072" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D38A48BD4CC5E1B073E064FDAA03BB73">
|
||
<mods:title id="A685A9B1ED7B6AD882C53FC618E4A88A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="8A2860A6D5D62E3CAC85E12702D56CA7">
|
||
<mods:date id="811DCE24F003B544FB32859A0515CB28">2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="29EB3BB8E231193D9F58CA2A5554ADB6" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="0D18F01314453527A6D16E331245F7F7">4268</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="57B543846688DC22C0C586D917B38105" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="FDCB30622F0524240F508E7A460861F1">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="7C53022C499D6DC7C7AB155F8763B5C5" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="F6B5956CC517534CE9EC5C7E3E9F3CBF">151</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="37FB11A1FDA9122CA9A6CE1536ED11C0">190</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="342425C0C3BB53D739031B609CE3C62D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0259971583ED73718827C1C80429C5B3" type="CLB-Dataset">33045</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="ECE1618B43977FB132EADD35FF13D8B4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4268.2.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="201DBFA5AB5941324747787557E5F949" type="GBIF-Dataset">e114acb7-3683-4094-a53f-c9bc7ed84353</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B5E32FB8475B7EDAC701FFD88D89741D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="570AF32B9B69932CC7621576CFEA7B9D" type="Zenodo-Dep">580173</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="70FD93C5A708269CDA15C9BA5A50E92A" type="ZooBank">0742D287-B82C-4014-A6AC-C357F259D5D7</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="039EDF70FFB7A16AFF66DEAC1221FDBD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6009082" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130809834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6009082" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EDF70FFB7A16AFF66DEAC1221FDBD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039EDF70FFB7A16AFF66DEAC1221FDBD" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFB7A169FF66DEAC1106FA05" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFB7A169FF66DEAC1205FA6A" blockId="9.[151,570,1437,1496]" box="[151,570,1437,1463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<heading id="D0C0D90AFFB7A169FF66DEAC1205FA6A" bold="true" box="[151,570,1437,1463]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB7A169FF66DEAC1205FA6A" authority="Hoggett & Rowe, 1986" authorityName="Hoggett & Rowe" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,570,1437,1463]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Davidaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB7A169FF66DEAC1205FA6A" bold="true" box="[151,570,1437,1463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB7A169FF66DEAC1126FA6A" bold="true" box="[151,281,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Davidaster</emphasis>
|
||
Hoggett & Rowe, 1986
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFB7A169FF66DE8E1106FA05" blockId="9.[151,570,1437,1496]" box="[151,313,1471,1496]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B55BDDFFB7A169FF66DE8E10D5FA05" box="[151,234,1471,1496]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[125,197,537,558]" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnostic morphological characteristics of genera of Comatulidae." pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C72E3FFB7A169FF09DE8E1106FA05" box="[248,313,1471,1496]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[159,1410,223,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,223,1790]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood tree of Comatellinae inferred from COI. Symbols near nodes refer to bootstrap (BS) and jackknife (JK) support scores, for maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) analyses, respectively. An asterisk indicates nodes with> 90 % bootstrap and jackknife support. Other scores are represented BS / JK. A hyphen is given for nodes not recovered in MP analyses. Previous morphological identifications in brackets. Taxa labeled as: location - Genbank accession number. Location abbreviations — Great Barrier Reef, Australia (GBR); Madang, Papua New Guinea (PNG); Raja Ampat, Indonesia (Raja); Rowley Shoals, Western Australia (WA). New COI sequences: Genbank KR 010271 - KR 010293." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/580175/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFB7A169FF66DD361395F999" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFB7A169FF66DD3612ECF9FD" blockId="9.[151,1437,1543,2037]" box="[151,723,1543,1568]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB7A169FF66DD36110DF9FD" bold="true" box="[151,306,1543,1568]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Type species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB7A169FEC9DD3912F0F9FD" authority="Pourtales, 1869" authorityName="Pourtales" authorityYear="1869" box="[312,719,1543,1568]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Antedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubiginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB7A169FEC9DD391229F9FD" box="[312,534,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Antedon rubiginosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB7A169FDECDD3612F0F9FD" author="Pourtales" box="[541,719,1543,1568]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Pourtales, L. F. de (1869) List of the crinoids obtained on the coasts of Florida and Cuba, by the United States Coast Survey Gulf Stream Expeditions, in 1867, 1868, 1869. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 1, 355 - 358." type="journal article" year="1869">Pourtalès, 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFB7A169FF36DD1D1395F999" blockId="9.[151,1437,1543,2037]" box="[199,938,1580,1605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB7A169FF36DD1D11DAF998" bold="true" box="[199,485,1580,1605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Other included taxa (1).</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB7A169FE1DDD1D1399F999" authority="Carpenter, 1888" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1888" box="[492,934,1580,1604]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Actinometra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="discoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB7A169FE1DDD1D12D7F999" box="[492,744,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Actinometra discoidea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB7A169FD01DD1D1399F999" author="Carpenter" box="[752,934,1580,1604]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Carpenter, P. H. (1888) Report on the Crinoidea collected during the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Part II-The Comatulae. In: Thomson, C. W. & Murray, J. (Eds.), Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology-Vol. XXVI. Neill & Company, Edinburgh, pp. 1 - 400." type="book chapter" year="1888">Carpenter, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFB7A169FF36DD7E14BAF925" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFB7A169FF36DD7E14BAF925" blockId="9.[151,1437,1543,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB7A169FF36DD7E1166F9B5" bold="true" box="[199,345,1615,1640]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Mouth excentric in fully developed individuals; up to 35 (possibly 43) arms; centrodorsal welldeveloped, circular, and with cirri; IBr2 series united by synarthry; first syzygy at 3+4 on arms arising from IBr; IIBr 4(3+4) (rarely 2 united by synarthry); IIIBr and beyond 3(2+3); arms arising from IIBr and beyond with first syzygy at 2+3 and first pinnule on br1; distal intersyzygial interval 4; distalmost pinnule comb on P2–P4; combs tapering to a distal point, composed of paired, equal-sized and transversely oriented teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFB7A169FF36DC3512E5F871" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFB7A169FF36DC3512E5F871" blockId="9.[151,1437,1543,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB7A169FF36DC35115FF8C0" bold="true" box="[199,352,1796,1821]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFB7A169FE99DC3411FCF8C1" box="[360,451,1797,1820]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFB7A169FD67DC3512F5F8C0" box="[662,714,1796,1821]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Gulf</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFB7A169FD03DC351375F8C0" box="[754,842,1796,1821]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFB7A169FD03DC351375F8C0" box="[754,842,1796,1821]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFB7A169FC4EDC35142FF8C0" box="[959,1040,1796,1821]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFB7A169FBB9DC3514E5F8C0" box="[1096,1242,1796,1821]" name="Bahamas" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Recife,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFB7A169FAA9DC3515A3F8C0" box="[1368,1436,1796,1821]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB7A169FF6FDC19114EF89D" author="Meyer" box="[158,369,1832,1856]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Meyer, D. L., Messing, C. G. & Macurda, Jr., D. B. (1978) Zoogeography of tropical western Atlantic Crinoidea (Echinodermata). Bulletin of Marine Science, 28, 412 - 441." type="journal article" year="1978">
|
||
Meyer
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB7A169FF02DC181112F89D" box="[243,301,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1978
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB7A169FE8EDC161213F89D" author="Tommasi" box="[383,556,1831,1856]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1965) Lista dos crinoides recentes do Brasil. Contribuicoes avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico: Oceanografia biologica, 9, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1965">Tommasi 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Depth range: low intertidal to perhaps
|
||
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFB7A169FBF1DC161476F8E2" box="[1024,1097,1831,1856]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
|
||
(Messing, unpublished data). Records from depths greater than
|
||
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFB7A169FDEBDC7D125CF8B9" box="[538,611,1868,1892]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
(maximum
|
||
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFB7A169FD1EDC7D1305F8B9" box="[751,826,1868,1893]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="355.0">355 m</quantity>
|
||
), all attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB7A169FBF7DC7C14A0F8B9" box="[1030,1183,1868,1892]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Davidaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="discoideus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB7A169FBF7DC7C14A0F8B9" box="[1030,1183,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">D. discoideus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AH
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB7A169FB13DC7D155BF8B9" author="Clark" box="[1250,1380,1868,1893]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Clark, A. H. (1931) A monograph of the existing crinoids 1 (3). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 916." type="journal article" year="1931">Clark 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), are chiefly dredge or trawl collections along steep island margins, where depth could not be accurately assessed. Records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB7A169FEE9DCA41181F871" box="[280,446,1940,1964]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Davidaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB7A169FEE9DCA41181F871" box="[280,446,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">D. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are no deeper than
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D31A5EFFFB7A169FD6BDCA512E5F871" box="[666,730,1940,1965]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFB7A169FD6BDCA512E9F871" box="[666,726,1940,1965]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFB7A16AFF36DC891221FDBD" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFB7A16AFF36DC891221FDBD" blockId="9.[151,1437,1543,2037]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,608]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB7A169FF36DC891104F80C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1976,2001]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB7A169FEB9DC8911FAF80D" box="[328,453,1976,2000]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Davidaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB7A169FEB9DC8911FAF80D" box="[328,453,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Davidaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes two rheophobic species found on shallow western-Atlantic reefs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB7A169FAA0DC8910E1F829" author="Meyer" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Meyer, D. L. (1973 a) Feeding behavior and ecology of shallow-water unstalked crinoids (Echinodermata) in the Caribbean Sea. Marine Biology, 22, 105 - 129." type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">Meyer 1973a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB7A169FF1BDCED10C4F828" author="Meyer" box="[234,251,2012,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Meyer, D. L. (1973 b) Distribution and living habits of comatulid crinoids near Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Bulletin of Marine Science, 23, 244 - 259." type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Their depth ranges overlap, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB7A169FD89DCEC132EF829" box="[632,785,2012,2036]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Davidaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="discoideus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB7A169FD89DCEC132EF829" box="[632,785,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">D. discoideus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs to substantially greater depths (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB7A169FB38DCED15A8F829" author="Meyer" box="[1225,1431,2012,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Meyer, D. L., Messing, C. G. & Macurda, Jr., D. B. (1978) Zoogeography of tropical western Atlantic Crinoidea (Echinodermata). Bulletin of Marine Science, 28, 412 - 441." type="journal article" year="1978">
|
||
Meyer
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB7A169FAEDDCEC156AF829" box="[1308,1365,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1978
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Messing, unpublished). Both typically extend their longer arms from under corals and ledges in a multidirectional posture (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB4A16AFF0EDB8D1215FF09" author="Meyer" box="[255,554,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" refString="Meyer, D. L. & Macurda, Jr., D. B. (1980) Ecology and distribution of the shallow-water crinoids of Palau and Guam. Micronesica, 16, 59 - 99." type="journal article" year="1980">Meyer & Macurda 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both conceal the centrodorsal, although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB4A16AFBDFDB8C14E4FF09" box="[1070,1243,188,212]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Davidaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB4A16AFBDFDB8C14E4FF09" box="[1070,1243,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">D. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be almost completely exposed at night, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB4A16AFDD6DBD012FBFF25" box="[551,708,224,248]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Davidaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="discoideus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB4A16AFDD6DBD012FBFF25" box="[551,708,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">D. discoideus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lives deeper within the reef infrastructure in shallower water (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB4A16AFF6FDA351186FEC1" author="Macurda" box="[158,441,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" refString="Macurda, Jr., D. B. & Meyer, D. L. (1977) Crinoids of West Indian coral reefs. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Studies in Geology, 4, 231 - 237." type="journal article" year="1977">Macurda & Meyer 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Morphological distinctions between the two have not been thoroughly quantified, but relative differences generally distinguish local populations.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB4A16AFCC4DA191403FE9D" box="[821,1084,296,320]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Davidaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB4A16AFCC4DA191403FE9D" box="[821,1084,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Davidaster rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger and more robust, with up to at least 35 arms up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFB4A16AFE39DA7D1232FEB9" box="[456,525,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" unit="cm" value="37.0">37 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB4A16AFD44DA7C1372FEB9" box="[693,845,332,356]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Davidaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="discoideus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB4A16AFD44DA7C1372FEB9" box="[693,845,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">D. discoideus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more slender, with up to 23 arms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB4A16AFB19DA7D15AFFEB8" author="Macurda" box="[1256,1424,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" refString="Macurda, Jr., D. B. (1975) Bathymetry and zoogeography of shallow-water crinoids in the Bahama Islands. Hydro-lab Journal, 3, 5 - 24." type="journal article" year="1975">Macurda 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Previous descriptions have emphasized a dark aboral arm stripe as diagnostic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB4A16AFBA6DA40153EFE55" box="[1111,1281,368,392]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Davidaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB4A16AFBA6DA40153EFE55" box="[1111,1281,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">D. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB4A16AFA70DA401132FE71" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Davidaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="discoideus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB4A16AFA70DA401132FE71" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">D. discoideus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may also have an aboral stripe, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB4A16AFD43DAA41365FE71" box="[690,858,404,428]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Davidaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB4A16AFD43DAA41365FE71" box="[690,858,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">D. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be completely black. In general, however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB4A16AFA70DAA41132FE0D" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Davidaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="discoideus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB4A16AFA70DAA41132FE0D" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">D. discoideus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has darker pinnule tips (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB4A16AFD97DA891337FE0D" author="Meyer" box="[614,776,440,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" refString="Meyer, D. L. (1973 a) Feeding behavior and ecology of shallow-water unstalked crinoids (Echinodermata) in the Caribbean Sea. Marine Biology, 22, 105 - 129." type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">Meyer, 1973a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB4A16AFCE6DA861318FE0D" author="Meyer" box="[791,807,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" refString="Meyer, D. L. (1973 b) Distribution and living habits of comatulid crinoids near Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Bulletin of Marine Science, 23, 244 - 259." type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, for descriptions of all color varieties). An additional species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB4A16AFEE6DAED11A8FE29" box="[279,407,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB4A16AFEE6DAED11ACFE29" box="[279,403,476,500]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Davidaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Davidaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sister to
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB4A16AFDFADAEC1282FE29" box="[523,701,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB4A16AFDFADAEC1286FE29" box="[523,697,476,500]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Davidaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">D. rubiginosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and co-occurring with both taxa in the southern Caribbean is currently being described (personal communication, David Meyer). As
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB4A16AFC4FD930145AFDC5" box="[958,1125,512,536]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Davidaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB4A16AFC4FD930145AFDC5" box="[958,1125,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">D. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to breed between October and March (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB4A16AFE72D9151295FDE1" author="Mladenov" box="[387,682,548,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" refString="Mladenov, P. V. & Brady, K. (1987) Reproductive cycle of the Caribbean feather star Nemaster rubiginosa (Echinodermata: Crinoidea). Marine Ecology, 8, 313 - 325." type="journal article" year="1987">Mladenov & Braby, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), differences in reproductive timing may permit the co-occurrence of multiple closely-related species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |