960 lines
141 KiB
XML
960 lines
141 KiB
XML
<document id="BC0F924EFF744EC6DE917A498004FFD5" ID-CLB-Dataset="3386" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zly002" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bef91f2c-a330-4875-bbc8-c5a37edf2e17" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5715021" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1619628028482" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Onary, Silvio & Hsiou, Annie S" docDate="2018" docId="0394F1079437EB3CFF74F91F79D49F11" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolJLinnSoc.184.453-470.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (2)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/184/2/453/4920820" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Chilabothrus STANOLSENI 2018, COMB. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="463" masterDocId="FFAD897F9434EB36FF90FFD87D609B6E" masterDocTitle="Systematic revision of the early Miocene fossil Pseudoepicrates (Serpentes: Boidae): implications for the evolution and historical biogeography of the West Indian boid snakes (Chilabothrus)" masterLastPageNumber="470" masterPageNumber="453" pageNumber="456" updateTime="1732807626347" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="0DD0968606D7A0D5082BC6413609291A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="2F164D0507BF39DAF902B2F0970DCC14">
|
||
<mods:title id="A532218326113AF54AEF0B663898BBD9">Systematic revision of the early Miocene fossil Pseudoepicrates (Serpentes: Boidae): implications for the evolution and historical biogeography of the West Indian boid snakes (Chilabothrus)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="F0BFF312AC403550738CAB98BA0C819F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A5415EF0B874D84EAE6419B062320B01">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="AB0C23D8D372B4A9F9794D107F7A853A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4B96BF1819B79FE855694F03F9880C4D">Onary, Silvio</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="BCBB84006D9994B392D0343DF4FEFA68" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="3B8C35747F5A25F5D6AEE996E49630E5">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="6BB2989D5686BBD4A7EA71B3E4FAA9B1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9C8A8F166E12DAE7C8457C6FCAFAFD11">Hsiou, Annie S</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="C96D061162F7A7335347B44FDDFA4CFD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="A6DA6F42AB61ADDF9E00B94FD2C33485" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D27187A0CA9CC1A31AAD83C03D11EF0B">
|
||
<mods:title id="47F7E73AFC4E5F63138ED51D5890E838">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="91C634B75FC2A17268887002BC0F4AF5">
|
||
<mods:date id="C76FDE42423D41799B5D0BB44427F2D7">2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="5171E8EB45A28A035E905AD244A358C6" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="953ABED6C6F2620C8B440836DA5EB0C7">2018-10-31</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="20F1E3A71652CE40DAAE4012095E7430" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="AA9F1E16C8B65CA4FFE636C82D7400BE">184</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="3AC9F492A95BF0E0C72C22202599CA44" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="26975261979D5075AFEC44C38CCBD9EE">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="1201C9A5EBF29F7C0F24FF29453FFB50" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="0EB92E2AD4F3B7C727EB5461950204C5">453</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="10B733F97BD9E581D035F465157F1DC5">470</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="5DA753FEA5CB1DA62824A8D3C177C341">
|
||
<mods:url id="50A8784AF5DF33EBA27BF44E7F5D8F34">https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/184/2/453/4920820</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="C800D8BDE9B5EEF21CFCCFD4A02E75DA">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D6CD002329071AE00FCDB4CBED2A4062" type="CLB-Dataset">3386</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E0D32908C695E3BAEB368DA8091789F7" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zly002</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1AE700D29F4FD213933DBA4C1BDF696E" type="GBIF-Dataset">bef91f2c-a330-4875-bbc8-c5a37edf2e17</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="869B66E81A9EBDF288FE1099F9BF3F07" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E426ECF82D25ED04B9D9A4D9395AD308" type="Zenodo-Dep">5715021</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="0394F1079437EB3CFF74F91F79D49F11" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715053" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190310621" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5715053" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0394F1079437EB3CFF74F91F79D49F11" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394F1079437EB3CFF74F91F79D49F11" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="463" pageId="3" pageNumber="456" scope_family="Boidae" scope_subFamily="Boinae">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C327139A9437EB35FF74F91F7FA99DB1" box="[228,713,1735,1759]" pageId="3" pageNumber="456" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119437EB35FF74F91F7FA99DB1" blockId="3.[228,713,1735,1759]" box="[228,713,1735,1759]" pageId="3" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<heading id="D0CAF77D9437EB35FF74F91F7FA99DB1" box="[228,713,1735,1759]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="456" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929437EB35FF74F91F7F589DB0" ID-CoL="3MXL" ID-ENA="1336606" authority="STANOLSENI" authorityName="STANOLSENI" authorityYear="2018" box="[228,568,1735,1759]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="456" rank="genus" status="comb. nov.">CHILABOTHRUS STANOLSENI</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039437EB35FDAFF9137FA99DB1" bold="true" box="[575,713,1735,1759]" pageId="3" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A21789437EB35FDAFF9137FA99DB1" box="[575,713,1735,1759]" pageId="3" pageNumber="456" rank="species">COMB. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C327139A9437EB3CFEE9F93679D49F11" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="463" pageId="3" pageNumber="456" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119437EB35FEE9F9367F539C69" blockId="3.[377,563,1774,1799]" box="[377,563,1774,1799]" pageId="3" pageNumber="456">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C949437EB35FE12F9297CA39C69" box="[386,451,1774,1799]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[145,223,1144,1166]" captionTargetBox="[306,1263,198,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-320@4.[305,1265,195,1104]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Isolated precloacal vertebrae attributed to Pseudoepicrates stanolseni. A, anterior precloacal vertebra MCZ 1977; B, schematic drawing outline of MCZ 1977 (holotype) evidencing its morphological structures; C, mid-precloacal vertebra of MCZ 1978 ‘barbouri’ material; D, schematic drawing outline of MCZ 1978 evidencing its morphological structures. Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted in each column. Scale bar: 5 mm. Abbreviations in the anatomical abbreviations’ section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715025/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="456">FIG. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BF75AA9437EB35FE40F9297F4B9C69" box="[464,555,1774,1799]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[164,228,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2. Obtained measurements from the specimens of the genus Pseudoepicrates" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4210999431EB33FF34FF1C796D9BB4" pageId="3" pageNumber="456" tableUuid="DF4210999431EB33FF34FF1C796D9BB4">TABLE 2</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119437EB35FF33F8EF79E09D61" blockId="3.[163,778,1846,1899]" lastBlockId="3.[827,1443,977,1551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039437EB35FF33F8EF7C7F9C22" box="[163,287,1847,1868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="456">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
An extinct species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929437EB35FDBEF8EE7FAB9C25" authorityName="STANOLSENI" authorityYear="2018" box="[558,715,1846,1867]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="456" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039437EB35FDBEF8EE7FAB9C25" box="[558,715,1846,1867]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="456">Chilabothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the early Miocene of North America, characterized by the following unique vertebral features shared among the referred material: thick zygosphene with a slight prominence on its mid-portion in anterior view; zygosphene roof with a crenate anterior edge, with its median lobe weakly developed and bounded by rounded lateral lobes of the zygosphene articular facets; irregular presence of paracotylar foramina, neural foramina occurring in format of small pits, and variable presence of several foramina distributed in the parazygantral area; neural spine perpendicular to the vertebral centrum, with an elliptical shape in cross-section; articular facet of the zygosphene oval in shape and strongly oriented anterolaterally; vaulted neural arch slightly depressed dorsoventrally in its median portion; deep interzygapophyseal ridges forming a ‘U’ shape; and a shallow posterodorsal notch length that does not exceed more than the half the distance between the pre- and postzygapophyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119437EB35FCABF9E57EC39D1F" blockId="3.[827,1442,1597,1649]" pageId="3" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B554A4C9437EB35FCABF9E57EC39D1F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3409015304" collectionCode="MCZ" pageId="3" pageNumber="456" specimenCode="MCZ 1977" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039437EB35FCABF9E57EC89D3C" box="[827,936,1597,1618]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486FEB39437EB35FCABF9E57EC39D3C" box="[827,931,1597,1618]" pageId="3" pageNumber="456" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9BE86A9437EB35FC27F9E579509D3C" box="[951,1072,1597,1618]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="456" type="Museum">MCZ 1977</specimenCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039437EB35FBA9F9E579F09D3C" box="[1081,1168,1597,1618]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="456">partum</emphasis>
|
||
, an anterior precloacal vertebra.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119437EB32FCABF9457C199E15" blockId="3.[827,1443,1693,1899]" lastBlockId="4.[145,761,1320,1403]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="457" pageId="3" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039437EB35FCABF94579269DDC" box="[827,1094,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="456">Referred specimens:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B554A4C9437EB32FBC7F9457C159E15" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3409015303" collectionCode="AMNH" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="457" pageId="3" pageNumber="456" specimenCode="MCZ 1977, MCZ 1978, MCZ 2417, FARB 7627" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
Six precloacal vertebrae representing the previous
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486FEB39437EB35FB13F964799B9DBF" box="[1155,1275,1724,1745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="456" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9BE86A9437EB35FAB5F96478C29DBF" box="[1317,1442,1724,1745]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="456" type="Museum">MCZ 1977</specimenCode>
|
||
(identified by the same catalogue number), comprising five mid-precloacal vertebrae and one anterior precloacal vertebra.
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9BE86A9437EB35FC3CF8C079459C43" box="[940,1061,1816,1837]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="456" type="Museum">MCZ 1978</specimenCode>
|
||
, four precloacal vertebrae (same catalogue number), including one mid-precloacal vertebra (previously the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486FEB39437EB35FBCAF88D79DC9C05" box="[1114,1212,1877,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="456" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929437EB35FB71F88D78079C04" baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="2417" box="[1249,1383,1877,1898]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Neurodromicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbouri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039437EB35FB71F88D79959C04" box="[1249,1269,1877,1898]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="456">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039437EB35FA93F88D78079C04" box="[1283,1383,1877,1898]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="456">barbouri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and three partial mid-precloacal vertebrae.
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9BE86A9430EB32FDD0FAF07FD59E53" box="[576,693,1320,1341]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" type="Museum">MCZ 2417</specimenCode>
|
||
, three mid-precloacal vertebrae.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2CD8D49430EB32FE21FA9F7F629E32" box="[433,514,1351,1372]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="457">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9BE86A9430EB32FD98FA9F7FEB9E33" box="[520,651,1351,1373]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="457">FARB 7627</specimenCode>
|
||
, two-midprecloacal vertebrae
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4210999430EB32FF01FBA07C409E6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715025" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5715025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715025/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" startId="4.[145,223,1144,1166]" targetBox="[306,1263,198,1103]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119430EB32FF01FBA07C409E6A" blockId="4.[145,1425,1144,1284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039430EB32FF01FBA07D989FE3" bold="true" box="[145,248,1144,1166]" pageId="4" pageNumber="457">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Isolated precloacal vertebrae attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929430EB32FD2EFBA07EB39FE0" authorityName="sensu Auffenberg" authorityYear="1963" baseAuthorityName="Vanzolini" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[702,979,1144,1166]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Pseudoepicrates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanolseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039430EB32FD2EFBA07EB39FE0" box="[702,979,1144,1166]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="457">Pseudoepicrates stanolseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, anterior precloacal vertebra MCZ 1977; B, schematic drawing outline of MCZ 1977 (holotype) evidencing its morphological structures; C, mid-precloacal vertebra of MCZ 1978 ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929430EB32FEDEFB6B7CCA9FA7" baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="2417" box="[334,426,1203,1225]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Neurodromicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbouri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039430EB32FEDEFB6B7CCA9FA7" box="[334,426,1203,1225]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="457">barbouri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ material; D, schematic drawing outline of MCZ 1978 evidencing its morphological structures. Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted in each column. Scale bar: 5 mm. Abbreviations in the anatomical abbreviations’ section.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119430EB32FF01FA7D7FA69D5A" blockId="4.[145,762,1444,1589]" pageId="4" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039430EB32FF01FA7D7CE59ED4" box="[145,389,1444,1466]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="457">Type locality and age:</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas Farm deposit, Gilchrist County,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F98EF39430EB32FE91FA1B7C049EB7" box="[257,356,1475,1497]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Florida" pageId="4" pageNumber="457">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Hawthorne Formation. Early Miocene, corresponding to the Early Heminfordian Land Mammal Age (LMA),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039430EB32FE54F9D97CAF9D78" box="[452,463,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="457">c</emphasis>
|
||
. 18.5 Mya. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE09430EB32FDC6F9D87F939D7B" author="Hulbert RC" box="[598,755,1536,1558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" pagination="25 - 33" refId="ref11216" refString="Hulbert RC. 2001. Florida's fossil vertebrates; an overview. In: Hulbert RC, ed. The Fossil Vertebrates of Florida. Florida: University Press of Florida, 25 - 33." type="book chapter" year="2001">Hulbert, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; MacFadden, 2001;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE09430EB32FEF5F9C77F7D9D5A" author="Steadman DW" box="[357,541,1567,1589]" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref12317" refString="Steadman DW. 2008. Doves (Columbidae) and cuckoos (Cuclidae) from the early Miocene of Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 48: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2008">Steadman, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE09430EB32FDBAF9C77FD79D5A" author="Beatty BL" box="[554,695,1567,1588]" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" pagination="613 - 617" refId="ref10355" refString="Beatty BL. 2010. A new Aletomerycine (Artiodactyla, Palaeomerycidae) from the early Miocene of Florida. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30: 613 - 617." type="journal article" year="2010">Beatty, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119430EB32FF01F98378589C0B" blockId="4.[145,762,1627,1894]" lastBlockId="4.[809,1426,1320,1894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039430EB32FF01F9837C7D9D1E" box="[145,285,1627,1648]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="457">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
All vertebrae of MCZ 1977, MCZ 1978, MCZ 2417 and AMNH FARB 7627 are well preserved and assignable to the same taxon. In anterior view, the zygosphene is thick and wider than the cotyle (zw> ctw). The mid-ventral region of the zygosphene exhibits a convexly projecting border, being more marked in the midprecloacal vertebrae. The prezygapophyses are slightly inclined above the horizontal axis (~10°), showing a higher inclination in the mid-precloacal vertebrae (~13°), whereas they are angled lower in the anterior elements (~10°). A small prezygapophyseal process is observed in some of the vertebrae, extending a little beyond the edge of the articular facet of the prezygapophyses. In the anterior precloacal vertebrae, the dorsoventral height of the neural canal is greater than the transverse width (nch> ncw), whereas the opposite condition is observed in the mid-precloacal elements (ncw> nch). The cotyle is oval in general shape, being slightly flattened dorsoventrally (ctw> cth) in all specimens with the exception of MCZ 1978, in which the cotyle is subrounded (ctw ~ cth). Lateral to the cotyle, there is a paracotylar fossa that in some specimens is associated with paired foramina (i.e. MCZ 1978 and some
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486FEB39430EB32FBD8F96F79D89DA2" box="[1096,1208,1719,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of MCZ 1977). The paradiapophyses are strongly oriented lateroventrally with both articular facets clearly differentiated: the diapophyseal articular facet has a strongly projecting convex edge, whereas the parapophyseal articular facet is concave (see the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486FEB39430EB32FC67F88879049C0B" box="[1015,1124,1872,1893]" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
B, C of MCZ 1977).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4210999431EB33FF34FF1C796D9BB4" ID-Table-UUID="DF4210999431EB33FF34FF1C796D9BB4" box="[164,1037,196,218]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4210999431EB33FF34FF1C796D9BB4" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" startId="5.[164,228,196,217]" targetBox="[163,1445,254,871]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119431EB33FF34FF1C796D9BB4" blockId="5.[164,1037,196,218]" box="[164,1037,196,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039431EB33FF34FF1C7D9D9BB7" bold="true" box="[164,253,196,217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Obtained measurements from the specimens of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929431EB33FCF7FF1C796D9BB4" authorityName="Auffenberg" authorityYear="1963" box="[871,1037,196,218]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Pseudoepicrates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudoepicrates</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119431EB33FF68FF2678559809" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<table id="F93DB2B1943114C9FF33FF2678C59809" box="[163,1445,254,871]" gridcols="11" gridrows="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FF2678C59A7A" box="[163,1445,254,276]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FF267C3D9A7A" box="[248,349,254,276]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">MCZ</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FF267CA19A7A" box="[361,449,254,276]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">MCZ</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FF267F509A7A" box="[472,560,254,276]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">MCZ</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FF267FCC9A7A" box="[583,684,254,276]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">MCZ</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FF267E709A7A" box="[696,784,254,276]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">MCZ</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FF267E1F9A7A" box="[807,895,254,276]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">MCZ</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FF267E8E9A7A" box="[918,1006,254,276]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">MCZ</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FF26793E9A7A" box="[1029,1118,254,276]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">MCZ</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FF2678639A7A" box="[1138,1283,254,276]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">AMNH FARB</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FF2678C59A7A" box="[1301,1445,254,276]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">AMNH FARB</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FEC378C59A5F" box="[163,1445,283,305]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FEC37C3D9A5F" box="[248,349,283,305]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1978 Hol.</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FEC37CA19A5F" box="[361,449,283,305]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2417 (A)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FEC37F509A5F" box="[472,560,283,305]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2417 (B)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FEC37FCC9A5F" box="[583,684,283,305]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1977 Hol.</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FEC37E709A5F" box="[696,784,283,305]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1977 (A)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FEC37E1F9A5F" box="[807,895,283,305]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1977 (B)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FEC37E8E9A5F" box="[918,1006,283,305]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1977 (C)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FEC3793E9A5F" box="[1029,1118,283,305]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1977 (D)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FEC378639A5F" box="[1138,1283,283,305]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">(A) 7627</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FEC378C59A5F" box="[1301,1445,283,305]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">(B) 7627</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FE8A78C59A06" box="[163,1445,338,360]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FE8A7D809A06" box="[163,224,338,360]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">cl</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FE8A7C3D9A06" box="[248,349,338,360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FE8A7CA19A06" box="[361,449,338,360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">8.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FE8A7F509A06" box="[472,560,338,360]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">7.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FE8A7FCC9A06" box="[583,684,338,360]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FE8A7E709A06" box="[696,784,338,360]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FE8A7E1F9A06" box="[807,895,338,360]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FE8A7E8E9A06" box="[918,1006,338,360]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FE8A793E9A06" box="[1029,1118,338,360]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FE8A78639A06" box="[1138,1283,338,360]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">7.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FE8A78C59A06" box="[1301,1445,338,360]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FEA878C59AE8" box="[163,1445,368,390]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FEA87D809AE8" box="[163,224,368,390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">coh</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FEA87C3D9AE8" box="[248,349,368,390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FEA87CA19AE8" box="[361,449,368,390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">5.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FEA87F509AE8" box="[472,560,368,390]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FEA87FCC9AE8" box="[583,684,368,390]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FEA87E709AE8" box="[696,784,368,390]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FEA87E1F9AE8" box="[807,895,368,390]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FEA87E8E9AE8" box="[918,1006,368,390]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FEA8793E9AE8" box="[1029,1118,368,390]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FEA878639AE8" box="[1138,1283,368,390]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FEA878C59AE8" box="[1301,1445,368,390]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FE5678C59ACA" box="[163,1445,398,420]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FE567D809ACA" box="[163,224,398,420]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">cow</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FE567C3D9ACA" box="[248,349,398,420]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">5.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FE567CA19ACA" box="[361,449,398,420]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">5.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FE567F509ACA" box="[472,560,398,420]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FE567FCC9ACA" box="[583,684,398,420]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FE567E709ACA" box="[696,784,398,420]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FE567E1F9ACA" box="[807,895,398,420]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FE567E8E9ACA" box="[918,1006,398,420]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FE56793E9ACA" box="[1029,1118,398,420]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FE5678639ACA" box="[1138,1283,398,420]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">5.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FE5678C59ACA" box="[1301,1445,398,420]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FE7578C59AAD" box="[163,1445,429,451]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FE757D809AAD" box="[163,224,429,451]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">cth</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FE757C3D9AAD" box="[248,349,429,451]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FE757CA19AAD" box="[361,449,429,451]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FE757F509AAD" box="[472,560,429,451]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FE757FCC9AAD" box="[583,684,429,451]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FE757E709AAD" box="[696,784,429,451]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FE757E1F9AAD" box="[807,895,429,451]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FE757E8E9AAD" box="[918,1006,429,451]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FE75793E9AAD" box="[1029,1118,429,451]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FE7578639AAD" box="[1138,1283,429,451]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">5.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FE7578C59AAD" box="[1301,1445,429,451]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FE1378C59A8F" box="[163,1445,459,481]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FE137D809A8F" box="[163,224,459,481]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">ctw</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FE137C3D9A8F" box="[248,349,459,481]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FE137CA19A8F" box="[361,449,459,481]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FE137F509A8F" box="[472,560,459,481]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">14.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FE137FCC9A8F" box="[583,684,459,481]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FE137E709A8F" box="[696,784,459,481]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FE137E1F9A8F" box="[807,895,459,481]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FE137E8E9A8F" box="[918,1006,459,481]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FE13793E9A8F" box="[1029,1118,459,481]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FE1378639A8F" box="[1138,1283,459,481]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FE1378C59A8F" box="[1301,1445,459,481]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FE3178C59A91" box="[163,1445,489,511]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FE317D809A91" box="[163,224,489,511]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">h</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FE317C3D9A91" box="[248,349,489,511]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FE317CA19A91" box="[361,449,489,511]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">15.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FE317F509A91" box="[472,560,489,511]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">10.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FE317FCC9A91" box="[583,684,489,511]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FE317E709A91" box="[696,784,489,511]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FE317E1F9A91" box="[807,895,489,511]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FE317E8E9A91" box="[918,1006,489,511]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FE31793E9A91" box="[1029,1118,489,511]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FE3178639A91" box="[1138,1283,489,511]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FE3178C59A91" box="[1301,1445,489,511]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">6.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FDDF78C59973" box="[163,1445,519,541]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FDDF7D809973" box="[163,224,519,541]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">naw</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FDDF7C3D9973" box="[248,349,519,541]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">9.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FDDF7CA19973" box="[361,449,519,541]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">10.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FDDF7F509973" box="[472,560,519,541]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FDDF7FCC9973" box="[583,684,519,541]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">6.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FDDF7E709973" box="[696,784,519,541]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">7.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FDDF7E1F9973" box="[807,895,519,541]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FDDF7E8E9973" box="[918,1006,519,541]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FDDF793E9973" box="[1029,1118,519,541]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FDDF78639973" box="[1138,1283,519,541]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FDDF78C59973" box="[1301,1445,519,541]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">5.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FDFD78C59955" box="[163,1445,549,571]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FDFD7D809955" box="[163,224,549,571]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">nch</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FDFD7C3D9955" box="[248,349,549,571]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FDFD7CA19955" box="[361,449,549,571]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FDFD7F509955" box="[472,560,549,571]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FDFD7FCC9955" box="[583,684,549,571]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FDFD7E709955" box="[696,784,549,571]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FDFD7E1F9955" box="[807,895,549,571]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FDFD7E8E9955" box="[918,1006,549,571]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FDFD793E9955" box="[1029,1118,549,571]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FDFD78639955" box="[1138,1283,549,571]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FDFD78C59955" box="[1301,1445,549,571]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FD9B78C59937" box="[163,1445,579,601]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FD9B7D809937" box="[163,224,579,601]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">ncw</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FD9B7C3D9937" box="[248,349,579,601]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FD9B7CA19937" box="[361,449,579,601]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FD9B7F509937" box="[472,560,579,601]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FD9B7FCC9937" box="[583,684,579,601]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FD9B7E709937" box="[696,784,579,601]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FD9B7E1F9937" box="[807,895,579,601]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FD9B7E8E9937" box="[918,1006,579,601]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FD9B793E9937" box="[1029,1118,579,601]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FD9B78639937" box="[1138,1283,579,601]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FD9B78C59937" box="[1301,1445,579,601]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FDB978C59919" box="[163,1445,609,631]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FDB97D809919" box="[163,224,609,631]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">nsl</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FDB97C3D9919" box="[248,349,609,631]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FDB97CA19919" box="[361,449,609,631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">5.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FDB97F509919" box="[472,560,609,631]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FDB97FCC9919" box="[583,684,609,631]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FDB97E709919" box="[696,784,609,631]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FDB97E1F9919" box="[807,895,609,631]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">X</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FDB97E8E9919" box="[918,1006,609,631]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FDB9793E9919" box="[1029,1118,609,631]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FDB978639919" box="[1138,1283,609,631]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FDB978C59919" box="[1301,1445,609,631]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FDA778C599FB" box="[163,1445,639,661]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FDA77D8099FB" box="[163,224,639,661]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">nsh</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FDA77C3D99FB" box="[248,349,639,661]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FDA77CA199FB" box="[361,449,639,661]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FDA77F5099FB" box="[472,560,639,661]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FDA77FCC99FB" box="[583,684,639,661]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FDA77E7099FB" box="[696,784,639,661]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FDA77E1F99FB" box="[807,895,639,661]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">X</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FDA77E8E99FB" box="[918,1006,639,661]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FDA7793E99FB" box="[1029,1118,639,661]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FDA7786399FB" box="[1138,1283,639,661]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FDA778C599FB" box="[1301,1445,639,661]" gridcol="10" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FD4578C599DD" box="[163,1445,669,691]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FD457D8099DD" box="[163,224,669,691]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">po–po</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FD457C3D99DD" box="[248,349,669,691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">15.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FD457CA199DD" box="[361,449,669,691]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FD457F5099DD" box="[472,560,669,691]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">14.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FD457FCC99DD" box="[583,684,669,691]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">7.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FD457E7099DD" box="[696,784,669,691]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">10.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FD457E1F99DD" box="[807,895,669,691]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">9.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FD457E8E99DD" box="[918,1006,669,691]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">7.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FD45793E99DD" box="[1029,1118,669,691]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">6.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FD45786399DD" box="[1138,1283,669,691]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FD4578C599DD" box="[1301,1445,669,691]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">7.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FD6378C599BF" box="[163,1445,699,721]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FD637D8099BF" box="[163,224,699,721]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">pr–pr</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FD637C3D99BF" box="[248,349,699,721]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">16.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FD637CA199BF" box="[361,449,699,721]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FD637F5099BF" box="[472,560,699,721]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FD637FCC99BF" box="[583,684,699,721]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">7.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FD637E7099BF" box="[696,784,699,721]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FD637E1F99BF" box="[807,895,699,721]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">10.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FD637E8E99BF" box="[918,1006,699,721]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">7.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FD63793E99BF" box="[1029,1118,699,721]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FD63786399BF" box="[1138,1283,699,721]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FD6378C599BF" box="[1301,1445,699,721]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">7.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FD0178C59981" box="[163,1445,729,751]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FD017D809981" box="[163,224,729,751]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">pr–po</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FD017C3D9981" box="[248,349,729,751]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">10.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FD017CA19981" box="[361,449,729,751]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FD017F509981" box="[472,560,729,751]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">10.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FD017FCC9981" box="[583,684,729,751]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">6.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FD017E709981" box="[696,784,729,751]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FD017E1F9981" box="[807,895,729,751]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">6.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FD017E8E9981" box="[918,1006,729,751]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">5.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FD01793E9981" box="[1029,1118,729,751]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FD0178639981" box="[1138,1283,729,751]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FD0178C59981" box="[1301,1445,729,751]" gridcol="10" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FD2F78C59863" box="[163,1445,759,781]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FD2F7D809863" box="[163,224,759,781]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">prl</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FD2F7C3D9863" box="[248,349,759,781]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FD2F7CA19863" box="[361,449,759,781]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FD2F7F509863" box="[472,560,759,781]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FD2F7FCC9863" box="[583,684,759,781]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FD2F7E709863" box="[696,784,759,781]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FD2F7E1F9863" box="[807,895,759,781]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FD2F7E8E9863" box="[918,1006,759,781]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FD2F793E9863" box="[1029,1118,759,781]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FD2F78639863" box="[1138,1283,759,781]" gridcol="9" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FD2F78C59863" box="[1301,1445,759,781]" gridcol="10" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FCCD78C59845" box="[163,1445,789,811]" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FCCD7D809845" box="[163,224,789,811]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">prw</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FCCD7C3D9845" box="[248,349,789,811]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FCCD7CA19845" box="[361,449,789,811]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FCCD7F509845" box="[472,560,789,811]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FCCD7FCC9845" box="[583,684,789,811]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FCCD7E709845" box="[696,784,789,811]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FCCD7E1F9845" box="[807,895,789,811]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FCCD7E8E9845" box="[918,1006,789,811]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FCCD793E9845" box="[1029,1118,789,811]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FCCD78639845" box="[1138,1283,789,811]" gridcol="9" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FCCD78C59845" box="[1301,1445,789,811]" gridcol="10" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FCEB78C59827" box="[163,1445,819,841]" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FCEB7D809827" box="[163,224,819,841]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">zh</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FCEB7C3D9827" box="[248,349,819,841]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FCEB7CA19827" box="[361,449,819,841]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FCEB7F509827" box="[472,560,819,841]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FCEB7FCC9827" box="[583,684,819,841]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FCEB7E709827" box="[696,784,819,841]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FCEB7E1F9827" box="[807,895,819,841]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FCEB7E8E9827" box="[918,1006,819,841]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FCEB793E9827" box="[1029,1118,819,841]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FCEB78639827" box="[1138,1283,819,841]" gridcol="9" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FCEB78C59827" box="[1301,1445,819,841]" gridcol="10" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">0.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350D4253943114C9FF33FC8978C59809" box="[163,1445,849,871]" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF33FC897D809809" box="[163,224,849,871]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">zw</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FF68FC897C3D9809" box="[248,349,849,871]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">5.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FEF9FC897CA19809" box="[361,449,849,871]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">6.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FE48FC897F509809" box="[472,560,849,871]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">6.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FDD7FC897FCC9809" box="[583,684,849,871]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FD28FC897E709809" box="[696,784,849,871]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FCB7FC897E1F9809" box="[807,895,849,871]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">4.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FC06FC897E8E9809" box="[918,1006,849,871]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FB95FC89793E9809" box="[1029,1118,849,871]" gridcol="8" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FBE2FC8978639809" box="[1138,1283,849,871]" gridcol="9" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">7.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC2B2F943114C9FA85FC8978C59809" box="[1301,1445,849,871]" gridcol="10" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">3.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119431EB33FF33FC497D8598A2" blockId="5.[163,1442,913,972]" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
Hol. denotes the specimens previously attributed to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486FEB39431EB33FD03FC497FBC98CC" box="[659,732,913,930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929431EB33FCDBFC497EAF98CC" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1873" box="[843,975,913,930]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Neurodromicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039431EB33FCDBFC497EAF98CC" box="[843,975,913,930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Neurodromicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; letters denote an individual vertebra specimen; and dash denotes structure not measured due to the preservation of the specimen. Morphological structures abbreviated in the Anatomical abbreviations’ section.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119431EB33FF2BFC2A7C949D20" blockId="5.[163,780,1010,1890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B554A4C9431EB33FF2BFC2A7C919D20" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3409015302" collectionCode="MCZ" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" specimenCode="MCZ 1977, MCZ 1978, MCZ 2417" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
In posterior view, the neural arch is vaulted in all vertebrae. The neural spine of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486FEB39431EB33FDD5FBC97FCA9F49" box="[581,682,1041,1063]" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9BE86A9431EB33FD41FBC97DBA9F2A" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="Museum">MCZ 1977</specimenCode>
|
||
is broken at its dorsal tip, whereas a neural spine is not preserved on
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9BE86A9431EB33FE11FB967C999F0D" box="[385,505,1102,1123]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="Museum">MCZ 1978</specimenCode>
|
||
. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486FEB39431EB33FDDFFB967FA09F0D" box="[591,704,1102,1123]" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
C and D of
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9BE86A9431EB33FF48FBB57C2D9FEC" box="[216,333,1133,1154]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="Museum">MCZ 1977</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C949431EB33FECCFBB57CFB9FEC" box="[348,411,1133,1155]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[145,224,1194,1216]" captionTargetBox="[307,1259,199,1151]" captionTargetId="figure-340@6.[305,1265,195,1154]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Paratypes attributed to P. stanolseni (MCZ 1977). Letters A–D denote the specimens. Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted in each column. Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715027/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3B8B989431EB33FE4BFBB57F139FED" box="[475,627,1133,1155]" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9BE86A9431EB33FD05FBB57E6B9FEC" box="[661,779,1133,1154]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="Museum">MCZ 2417</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C949431EB33FF3BFB537D9B9FCE" box="[171,251,1163,1185]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[164,242,1088,1110]" captionTargetBox="[495,1106,196,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-318@7.[494,1112,195,1048]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Comparison of the neural spine morphology between Chilabothrus, Epicrates and the fossils from Thomas Farm. Only mid-precloacal vertebrae are figured here. A, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus inornatus (AMNH 70023); B, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus striatus strigilatus (AMNH 70263); C, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); D, paratype of N. barbouri (MCZ 1978) (= Pseudoepicrates); E, paratype of P. stanolseni (MCZ 1977); F, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); G, Epicrates crassus (MCN PV DR 003); H, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002); I, Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); J, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); and K, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002). In (A–H) lateral and (I–K) dorsal views. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715031/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
), on which the neural spines are entirely preserved, this process is thick and rises from the midportion of the neural arch. The zygantrum is wide, deep and internally bears a set of paired zygantral foramina on each side of the vertebra. External to the zygantrum, several small foramina are present in the form of small pits distributed along the parazygantral area (see
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486FEB39431EB33FF46FABA7C579E16" box="[214,311,1378,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9BE86A9431EB33FEC8FABA7CAE9E19" box="[344,462,1378,1399]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="Museum">MCZ 1977</specimenCode>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C949431EB33FE45FABA7F249E19" box="[469,580,1378,1400]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[145,223,1144,1166]" captionTargetBox="[306,1263,198,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-320@4.[305,1265,195,1104]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Isolated precloacal vertebrae attributed to Pseudoepicrates stanolseni. A, anterior precloacal vertebra MCZ 1977; B, schematic drawing outline of MCZ 1977 (holotype) evidencing its morphological structures; C, mid-precloacal vertebra of MCZ 1978 ‘barbouri’ material; D, schematic drawing outline of MCZ 1978 evidencing its morphological structures. Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted in each column. Scale bar: 5 mm. Abbreviations in the anatomical abbreviations’ section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715025/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486FEB39431EB33FDECFABA7F8D9E19" box="[636,749,1378,1399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
B, D of
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9BE86A9431EB33FF49FA597C309EF8" box="[217,336,1409,1430]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="Museum">MCZ 1977</specimenCode>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C949431EB33FEC7FA587CA99EF8" box="[343,457,1408,1430]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[145,224,1194,1216]" captionTargetBox="[307,1259,199,1151]" captionTargetId="figure-340@6.[305,1265,195,1154]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Paratypes attributed to P. stanolseni (MCZ 1977). Letters A–D denote the specimens. Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted in each column. Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715027/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Fig. 3B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The postzygapophyses are slightly inclined above the horizontal axis (~10°) in the anterior precloacal vertebrae, whereas they are nearly horizontally oriented in the mid-precloacal specimens. The condyles of all specimens are wider than high (cow> coh), except for
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3B8B989431EB33FEFCF9C27F659D5E" box="[364,517,1562,1584]" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9BE86A9431EB33FDB9F9C27FC19D41" box="[553,673,1562,1583]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="Museum">MCZ 1978</specimenCode>
|
||
, which is rounded in shape (cow ~ coh)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119431EB33FF2BF980791F9F93" blockId="5.[163,780,1010,1890]" lastBlockId="5.[827,1444,1010,1890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B554A4C9431EB33FF2BF980791B9F93" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3409015301" collectionCode="MCZ" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" specimenCode="MCZ 1977" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
In lateral view, the neural spine is high, anteroposteriorly short and bears a straight dorsal edge. The articular facet of the zygosphene is elliptical in shape and anterolaterally orientated. Lateral foramina are present on the mid-portion of all preserved vertebrae. The posterior region of all centrum is characterized by a marked precondylar constriction. A well-defined haemal keel is present on the ventral surface of the mid-precloacal vertebrae, rising from the ventral margin of the cotyle and extending anteroposteriorly to reach the precondylar constriction, not extending beyond the condyle. The ventral surfaces of the centrum of the precloacal anterior vertebrae do not possess a haemal keel, having instead a hypapophysis. Although broken in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486FEB39431EB33FBD8FB5379C99FCF" box="[1096,1193,1163,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9BE86A9431EB33FB59FB53785F9FCE" box="[1225,1343,1163,1184]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="Museum">MCZ 1977</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C949431EB33FADDFB537E2D9FD1" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[145,223,1144,1166]" captionTargetBox="[306,1263,198,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-320@4.[305,1265,195,1104]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Isolated precloacal vertebrae attributed to Pseudoepicrates stanolseni. A, anterior precloacal vertebra MCZ 1977; B, schematic drawing outline of MCZ 1977 (holotype) evidencing its morphological structures; C, mid-precloacal vertebra of MCZ 1978 ‘barbouri’ material; D, schematic drawing outline of MCZ 1978 evidencing its morphological structures. Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted in each column. Scale bar: 5 mm. Abbreviations in the anatomical abbreviations’ section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715025/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486FEB39431EB33FC50FB7279549FD1" box="[960,1076,1194,1215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
B, D of
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9BE86A9431EB33FB05FB72786E9FD1" box="[1173,1294,1194,1215]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="Museum">MCZ 1977</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C949431EB33FA8FFB7278F49FD1" box="[1311,1428,1194,1216]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[145,224,1194,1216]" captionTargetBox="[307,1259,199,1151]" captionTargetId="figure-340@6.[305,1265,195,1154]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Paratypes attributed to P. stanolseni (MCZ 1977). Letters A–D denote the specimens. Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted in each column. Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715027/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Fig. 3B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), this structure was clearly developed beyond the posterior margin of the condyle
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119431EB30FCC3FADE7F229C51" blockId="5.[827,1444,1010,1890]" lastBlockId="6.[145,761,1282,1856]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="459" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
In dorsal view, the fossils are wider than long (pr–pr> pr–po). The prezygapophyses of the anterior vertebrae are oriented anterolaterally, whereas the mid-precloacal specimens display a nearly transverse orientation. The articular facets of the prezygapophyses are oval-shaped in morphology and longer anteroposteriorly than mediolaterally wide (prl> prw). The anterior edge of the zygosphene displays a crenate morphology, whereby its convex lateral lobes are separated by a smaller median projection (= median lobe
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039431EB33FC64F9E179559D20" box="[1012,1077,1593,1614]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE09431EB33FBADF9E078689D20" author="Auffenberg W" box="[1085,1288,1592,1614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" pagination="131 - 216" refId="ref10266" refString="Auffenberg W. 1963. The fossil snakes of Florida. Tulane Studies in Zoology 10: 131 - 216." type="journal article" year="1963">Auffenberg, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which does not extend beyond the anterior margin of the laterals lobes. A set of paired parasagittal ridges (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039431EB33FAF1F9AE78C39DE5" box="[1377,1443,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE09431EB33FCABF94C79629DC7" author="Hsiou AS & Albino AM & Medeiros MA & Santos RAB" box="[827,1026,1684,1706]" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" pagination="635 - 642" refId="ref11180" refString="Hsiou AS, Albino AM, Medeiros MA, Santos RAB. 2014. The oldest Brazilian snakes from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59: 635 - 642." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Hsiou
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039431EB33FC16F94D7EDE9DC7" box="[902,958,1684,1706]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) extend anteroposteriorly along the roof of the neural arch, beginning on the lateral surfaces of the zygosphene and disappearing just short of the posteriormost edge of the neural arch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C949431EB33FADAF9287E2E9C4A" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[145,223,1144,1166]" captionTargetBox="[306,1263,198,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-320@4.[305,1265,195,1104]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Isolated precloacal vertebrae attributed to Pseudoepicrates stanolseni. A, anterior precloacal vertebra MCZ 1977; B, schematic drawing outline of MCZ 1977 (holotype) evidencing its morphological structures; C, mid-precloacal vertebra of MCZ 1978 ‘barbouri’ material; D, schematic drawing outline of MCZ 1978 evidencing its morphological structures. Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted in each column. Scale bar: 5 mm. Abbreviations in the anatomical abbreviations’ section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715025/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Fig. 2B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The parasagittal ridges are more pronounced on the mid-precloacal vertebrae than the anterior elements. The neural spine is thick with an ellipsoidal shape in cross-section, although the neural spine of the anterior vertebrae is comparatively thin relative to the mid-precloacal elements. Some specimens possess small neural foramina (= paraespinal foramina
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039432EB30FF01FAA57DB19EFC" box="[145,209,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="459">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE09432EB30FF48FAA47C1D9EFC" author="Teixeira G" box="[216,381,1404,1426]" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" refId="ref12388" refString="Teixeira G. 2013. Anatomia comparada dos Boinae (Serpentes, Boidae) sul-americanos: uma abordagem osteologica para fins aplicativos na paleontologia de vertebrados. Unpublished Bachelor Thesis, Universidade de Sao Paulo." type="book" year="2013">Teixeira, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) just lateral to the neural spine. These features (similar to the several foramina in the parazygantral area) occur as either small singleton pits or as paired intrusions located on either side of the longitudinal axis of the neural arch, (e.g. the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486FEB39432EB30FF01F9CE7D9F9D45" box="[145,255,1558,1579]" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
D of MCZ 1977 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C949432EB30FE49F9CE7F549D45" box="[473,564,1558,1580]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[145,224,1194,1216]" captionTargetBox="[307,1259,199,1151]" captionTargetId="figure-340@6.[305,1265,195,1154]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Paratypes attributed to P. stanolseni (MCZ 1977). Letters A–D denote the specimens. Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted in each column. Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715027/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="459">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486FEB39432EB30FDEEF9CE7F979D45" box="[638,759,1558,1579]" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of MCZ 1978 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C949432EB30FEAEF9EC7CE39D24" box="[318,387,1588,1610]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[145,227,925,947]" captionTargetBox="[309,1259,200,883]" captionTargetId="figure-512@8.[305,1265,195,886]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Paratypes previously attributed to N. barbouri (= Pseudoepicrates). Letters A–D denotes the specimens. Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted above each image. Abbreviations are given in the relevant section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715033/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="459">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The interzygapophyseal constriction extends from the prezygapophysis toward the postzygapophysis. In the anterior vertebrae, this constriction is relatively anteroposteriorly short, whereas the mid-precloacal vertebrae exhibit a deeper constriction. The posterodorsal notch is relatively shallow in all vertebrae, and does not reach half of the length of the distance between the pre- to postzygapophyses (pnl <50% pr–po).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4210999432EB30FF01FB7279D99FB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715027" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5715027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715027/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" startId="6.[145,224,1194,1216]" targetBox="[307,1259,199,1151]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119432EB30FF01FB7279D99FB0" blockId="6.[145,1425,1194,1246]" pageId="6" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039432EB30FF01FB727D9A9FD1" bold="true" box="[145,250,1194,1216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="459">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Paratypes attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929432EB30FD95FB737E719FAE" authority="(MCZ 1977)" baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[517,785,1194,1216]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Pseudoepicrates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanolseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039432EB30FD95FB737F749FAE" box="[517,532,1195,1216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="459">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039432EB30FDB1FB727FEC9FAE" box="[545,652,1194,1216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="459">stanolseni</emphasis>
|
||
(MCZ 1977)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Letters A–D denote the specimens. Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted in each column. Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119432EB30FCD1FADA790C9C2E" blockId="6.[809,1425,1282,1856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="459">In ventral view, the length of the vertebral centrum of all specimens is less than the width of the neural arch (cl <naw). In the anterior vertebrae, the hypapophyses rise from the median portion of the centrum, developing anteroposteriorly toward the condyle, extending beyond its ventral rim. In the mid-precloacal vertebrae, the haemal keel originates on the ventral margin of the cotyle, developing longitudinally to reach the prezygapophyseal constriction. The ventral face of the centrum of all specimens has a shallow depression that is more concave in the mid-precloacal vertebrae. The subcentral fossae are delimited laterally by the subcentral margin, being relatively shallow on both the anterior and mid-precloacal vertebrae. The articular facets of the postzygapophyses of the anterior vertebrae are broad and elliptical in outline, whereas they are more subtriangular in shape on the mid-precloacal specimens. In all specimens, the major part of the cotyle is exposed.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4210999433EB31FF34FB987F7C9E68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715031" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5715031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715031/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" startId="7.[164,242,1088,1110]" targetBox="[495,1106,196,1045]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119433EB31FF34FB987F7C9E68" blockId="7.[163,1444,1088,1286]" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FF34FB987C6B9F3B" bold="true" box="[164,267,1088,1110]" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of the neural spine morphology between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FCAEFB987EA89F38" authorityName="STANOLSENI" authorityYear="2018" box="[830,968,1088,1110]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FCAEFB987EA89F38" box="[830,968,1088,1110]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">Chilabothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FC43FB9879559F38" box="[979,1077,1088,1110]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FC43FB9879559F38" box="[979,1077,1088,1110]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">Epicrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the fossils from Thomas Farm. Only mid-precloacal vertebrae are figured here. A, articulated vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FC45FB8679B49F1A" baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="2341" box="[981,1236,1118,1140]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FC45FB8679B49F1A" box="[981,1236,1118,1140]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">Chilabothrus inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 70023); B, articulated vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FE0EFBA37F8F9FFF" box="[414,751,1147,1169]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" rank="subSpecies" species="striatus" subSpecies="strigilatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FE0EFBA37F8F9FFF" box="[414,751,1147,1169]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">Chilabothrus striatus strigilatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 70263); C, articulated vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FB24FBA378C39FFF" baseAuthorityName="Cocteau & Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1204,1443,1147,1169]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" rank="species" species="angulifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FB24FBA378C39FFF" box="[1204,1443,1147,1169]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">Chilabothrus angulifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 77596); D, paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FE7BFB417F889FC0" authority="(MCZ 1978)" baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[491,744,1176,1198]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Neurodromicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbouri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FE7BFB417C9D9FC0" box="[491,509,1177,1198]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FD9AFB407F069FC0" box="[522,614,1176,1198]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">barbouri</emphasis>
|
||
(MCZ 1978)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FC9BFB407ED29FC0" authorityName="Auffenberg" authorityYear="1963" box="[779,946,1176,1198]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Pseudoepicrates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FC9BFB407ED29FC0" box="[779,946,1176,1198]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">Pseudoepicrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); E, paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FBF1FB41780B9FC0" authority="(MCZ 1977)" baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[1121,1387,1176,1198]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Pseudoepicrates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanolseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FBF1FB4179109FC0" box="[1121,1136,1177,1198]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FBECFB4079869FC0" box="[1148,1254,1176,1198]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">stanolseni</emphasis>
|
||
(MCZ 1977)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FA1EFB417CF29FA2" authority="(MCZ 2417)" baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="2417" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Pseudoepicrates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanolseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FA1EFB4178FD9FC0" box="[1422,1437,1177,1198]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FF33FB6E7C6D9FA2" box="[163,269,1206,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">stanolseni</emphasis>
|
||
(MCZ 2417)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; G,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FE2AFB6E7F129FA5" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" box="[442,626,1206,1228]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FE2AFB6E7F129FA5" box="[442,626,1206,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">Epicrates crassus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MCN PV DR 003); H,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FCF8FB6E794B9FA2" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[872,1067,1206,1228]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cenchria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FCF8FB6E794B9FA2" box="[872,1067,1206,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">Epicrates cenchria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MCN PV DR 002); I,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FA87FB6E7C639F87" baseAuthorityName="Cocteau & Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1840" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" rank="species" species="angulifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FA87FB6E7C639F87" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">Chilabothrus angulifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 77596); J,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FE5EFB0C7FB99F87" authority="(MCZ 2417)" baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="2417" box="[462,729,1235,1257]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Pseudoepicrates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanolseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FE5EFB0C7CBD9F87" box="[462,477,1236,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FE7AFB0B7F349F87" box="[490,596,1235,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">stanolseni</emphasis>
|
||
(MCZ 2417)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and K,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FCA0FB0B7E939F87" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[816,1011,1235,1257]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cenchria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FCA0FB0B7E939F87" box="[816,1011,1235,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">Epicrates cenchria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MCN PV DR 002). In (A–H) lateral and (I–K) dorsal views. Scale bar: 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119433EB31FF33FAF37D899D83" blockId="7.[163,779,1323,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FF33FAF37F269E2E" box="[163,582,1323,1344]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">Identification and comparisons:</emphasis>
|
||
All specimens analysed here share with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FE6DFA917F349E31" authorityName="GRAY" authorityYear="1825" box="[509,596,1353,1375]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Boinae">Boinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
the following vertebral features: dorsoventrally high, mediolaterally wide and anteroposteriorly short vertebral built; a vaulted neural arch that is wider than the length of the vertebral centrum (naw> cl); well-developed neural spine; thick zygosphene; short prezygapophyseal process; presence of a posterodorsal notch; inclination of the prezygapophyseal articular facets lower than 15°; presence of paracotylar foramina; well-developed precondylar constriction; presence of hypapophyses on precloacal anterior vertebrae; and a haemal keel on mid-precloacal vertebrae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE09433EB31FE65F9437F129DDE" author="Rage JC" box="[501,626,1691,1712]" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref11923" refString="Rage JC. 1984. Part 11 Serpentes. In: Wellnhofer M, ed. Encyclopedia of paleoherpetology. Germany: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1 - 79." type="book chapter" year="1984">Rage, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE09433EB31FD11F9437FD89DDE" author="Rage JC" box="[641,696,1691,1712]" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="111 - 150" refId="ref11994" refString="Rage JC. 2001. Fossil snakes from the Paleocene of Sao Jose de Itaborai, Brazil. Part II. Boidae. Palaeovertebrata 30: 111 - 150." type="journal article" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE09433EB31FD56F9437C209DA0" author="Lee MS & Scanlon JD" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="333 - 401" refId="ref11483" refString="Lee MS, Scanlon JD. 2002. Snake phylogeny based on osteology, soft anatomy and ecology. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 77: 333 - 401." type="journal article" year="2002">Lee & Scanlon, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE09433EB31FEDCF9617F2D9DA0" author="Szyndlar Z & Rage JC" box="[332,589,1721,1743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 109" refId="ref12352" refString="Szyndlar Z, Rage JC. 2003. Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe. Krakow: Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polska Akademia Nauk, 1 - 109." type="book chapter" year="2003">Szyndlar & Rage, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE09433EB31FDC9F9617DBA9D83" author="Hsiou AS & Albino AM" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="612 - 619" refId="ref11078" refString="Hsiou AS, Albino AM. 2009. Presence of the genus Eunectes (Serpentes, Boidae) in the Neogene of Southwestern Amazonia, Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 43: 612 - 619." type="journal article" year="2009">Hsiou & Albino, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119433EB31FF2BF92F78609E96" blockId="7.[163,779,1323,1896]" lastBlockId="7.[827,1443,1322,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">
|
||
Among the boines, the Thomas Farm fossils specimens strongly differ from the following genera: (a)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FF33F8ED7C6C9C24" baseAuthorityName="Hsiou & Albino" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[163,268,1845,1866]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FF33F8ED7C6C9C24" box="[163,268,1845,1866]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">Eunectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which presents vertebrae that are markedly larger, wider and more robust; possesses a deeper posterodorsal notch; higher projected parasagittal ridges; and a median tubercle between the neural canal and the zygosphene roof; (b)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FB2EFAB078459E13" box="[1214,1317,1384,1405]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FB2EFAB078419E13" baseAuthorityName="Teixeira" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[1214,1313,1384,1405]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Corallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Corallus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which presents a lower neural spine; higher degree of vaulting of the neural arch; and completely horizontally orientated prezygapophyses; and (c)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FB0BFA1C79A79EB7" box="[1179,1223,1476,1497]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Boa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FB0BFA1C79A79EB7" box="[1179,1223,1476,1497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">Boa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is discussed in greater detail below (see Discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8240119433EB3EFCC3F9D97FE29FEB" blockId="7.[827,1443,1322,1896]" lastBlockId="8.[145,762,1013,1894]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">
|
||
The specimens described herein share with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B929433EB31FCABF9F87ECD9D5B" box="[827,941,1568,1589]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C039433EB31FCABF9F87ECD9D5B" box="[827,941,1568,1589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="460">Epicrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the following vertebral features: a thick zygosphene with a protuberance on its mid-portion in anterior view; zygosphene roof with an anterior edge characteristically crenate or entirely straight in dorsal view; irregular presence of paired paracotylar foramina, neural foramina and several foramina occurring in the form of small pits in the parazygantral area; neural spine in elliptical shape in cross-section; articular facet of the zygosphene oval in shape and oriented anterolaterally; vaulted neural arch depressed dorsoventrally in its median portion; interzygapophyseal ridges forming a ‘U’ shape; and shallow posterodorsal notch length that does not exceed more than half of the distance between the pre- and postzygapohyses (pnl <50% pr–po) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE0943CEB3EFEB4FB897F7C9F08" author="Hsiou AS & Albino AM" box="[292,540,1105,1127]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="612 - 619" refId="ref11078" refString="Hsiou AS, Albino AM. 2009. Presence of the genus Eunectes (Serpentes, Boidae) in the Neogene of Southwestern Amazonia, Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 43: 612 - 619." type="journal article" year="2009">Hsiou & Albino, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE0943CEB3EFDBAFB897DA89FEB" author="Camolez T & Zaher H" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref10482" refString="Camolez T, Zaher H. 2010. Levantamento, identificacao e descricao da fauna de Squamata do Quaternario Brasileiro (Lepidosauria). Arquivos de Zoologia 41: 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="2010">Camolez & Zaher, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Hsiou & Albino, 2010;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE0943CEB3EFE42FBA87F139FEB" author="Teixeira G" box="[466,627,1136,1158]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" refId="ref12388" refString="Teixeira G. 2013. Anatomia comparada dos Boinae (Serpentes, Boidae) sul-americanos: uma abordagem osteologica para fins aplicativos na paleontologia de vertebrados. Unpublished Bachelor Thesis, Universidade de Sao Paulo." type="book" year="2013">Teixeira, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF421099943CEB3EFF01FC45784098BF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715033" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5715033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715033/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" startId="8.[145,227,925,947]" targetBox="[309,1259,200,883]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B824011943CEB3EFF01FC45784098BF" blockId="8.[145,1425,925,977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFF01FC457D9F98DD" bold="true" box="[145,255,925,947]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Paratypes previously attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFD04FC467E7598DA" baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[660,789,926,948]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Neurodromicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbouri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFD04FC467FC698DD" box="[660,678,926,947]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFD25FC467E7598DA" box="[693,789,926,948]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">barbouri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFCACFC467E8B98DA" authorityName="Auffenberg" authorityYear="1963" box="[828,1003,926,948]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Pseudoepicrates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFCACFC467E8B98DA" box="[828,1003,926,948]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Pseudoepicrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Letters A–D denotes the specimens. Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted above each image. Abbreviations are given in the relevant section.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B824011943CEB3EFF39FB567F729DE0" blockId="8.[145,762,1013,1894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">
|
||
Historically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFEADFB577CCA9FCA" box="[317,426,1167,1188]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFEADFB577CCA9FCA" box="[317,426,1167,1188]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Epicrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered a monophyletic genus that shared a sister-group relationship with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFF01FB147D9B9F8F" baseAuthorityName="Hsiou & Albino" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[145,251,1228,1249]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFF01FB147D9B9F8F" box="[145,251,1228,1249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Eunectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, subsequent investigations into the evolutionary relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFD85FB337FE29E6E" box="[533,642,1259,1280]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFD85FB337FE29E6E" box="[533,642,1259,1280]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Epicrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have suggested potential paraphyly (based on both molecular and morphological data) with respect to the insular forms from the West Indian island complex (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFD1DFA9F7C659E14" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFD1DFA9F7F989E32" box="[653,760,1351,1372]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Epicrates</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A2178943CEB3EFF01FABE7C659E14" box="[145,261,1381,1403]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) (Sheplan & Shwartz, 1974;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE0943CEB3EFDCAFABD7F939E15" author="Kluge AG" box="[602,755,1381,1403]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="315 - 328" refId="ref11278" refString="Kluge AG. 1988 b. Parsimony in vicariance biogeography: a quantitative method and a Greater Antillean example. Systematic Zoology 37: 315 - 328." type="journal article" year="1988">Kluge, 1988b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE0943CEB3EFF01FA5C7DA99EF7" author="Kluge AG" box="[145,201,1412,1433]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="7 - 25" refId="ref11306" refString="Kluge AG. 1989. A concern for evidence and a phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships among Epicrates (Boidae: Serpentes). Systematic Zoology 38: 7 - 25." type="journal article" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE0943CEB3EFF47FA5C7CE99EF7" author="Burbrink FT" box="[215,393,1411,1434]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="167 - 180" refId="ref10417" refString="Burbrink FT. 2005. Inferring the phylogenetic position of Boa constrictor among the Boinae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34: 167 - 180." type="journal article" year="2005">Burbrink, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE0943CEB3EFE07FA5C7F8A9EF4" author="Noonan BP & Chippindale PT" box="[407,746,1412,1434]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="347 - 358" refId="ref11607" refString="Noonan BP, Chippindale PT. 2006. Dispersal and vicariance: the complex evolutionary history of boid snakes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40: 347 - 358." type="journal article" year="2006">Noonan & Chippindale, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE0943CEB3EFE94FA7A7F679ED6" author="Reynolds RG & Niemiller ML & Hedges SB & Dornburg A & Puente-Rolon AR & Revell LJ" box="[260,519,1442,1464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="461 - 470" refId="ref12129" refString="Reynolds RG, Niemiller ML, Hedges SB, Dornburg A, Puente-Rolon AR, Revell LJ. 2013. Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of West Indian boid snakes (Chilabothrus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 68: 461 - 470." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Reynolds
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFEE9FA7B7CD49ED9" box="[377,436,1442,1464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
undertook the most comprehensive study of the relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFD18FA1A7F939EB9" box="[648,755,1474,1495]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFD18FA1A7F939EB9" box="[648,755,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Epicrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, proposing the monophyly of the insular West Indian boid forms and formalizing the clade
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFDC5FA267F929D7D" authorityName="STANOLSENI" authorityYear="2018" box="[597,754,1534,1555]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFDC5FA267F929D7D" box="[597,754,1534,1555]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Chilabothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which split the insular forms of ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFD9CF9C67F949D5C" box="[524,756,1565,1587]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFD9CF9C67F199D5D" box="[524,633,1566,1587]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Epicrates</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A2178943CEB3EFD10F9C67F949D5C" box="[640,756,1565,1587]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
’ from the mainland (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFEE3F9E47F119D3F" box="[371,625,1596,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFEE3F9E47CBE9D3F" box="[371,478,1596,1617]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Epicrates</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A2178943CEB3EFE75F9E47F119D3F" box="[485,625,1596,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFD1CF9E47F909D3F" baseAuthorityName="Hsiou & Albino" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[652,752,1596,1617]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFD1CF9E47F909D3F" box="[652,752,1596,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Eunectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and suggested divergent biogegographical and evolutionary histories for these groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B824011943CEB3EFF39F94079599F26" blockId="8.[145,762,1013,1894]" lastBlockId="8.[809,1426,1013,1893]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">
|
||
Despite repeated suggestions of paraphyly, none of the previous works demonstrated explicit morphological differences between the axial skeletons of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFF01F92C7C629C67" box="[145,258,1780,1801]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFF01F92C7C629C67" box="[145,258,1780,1801]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Epicrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFED1F92C7C809C67" authorityName="STANOLSENI" authorityYear="2018" box="[321,480,1780,1801]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFED1F92C7C809C67" box="[321,480,1780,1801]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Chilabothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although at a generic level these genera share a similar combination of vertebral features, there are nonetheless subtle differences that allow for confident referral of the Thomas Farm material to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFC6FFC2D79FC9F64" authorityName="STANOLSENI" authorityYear="2018" box="[1023,1180,1013,1034]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFC6FFC2D79FC9F64" box="[1023,1180,1013,1034]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Chilabothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These traits can be identified via direct comparison with extant osteological material (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943CEB3EFC7AFBEA79499F26" box="[1002,1065,1074,1096]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[163,242,1288,1310]" captionTargetBox="[325,1280,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-277@9.[323,1283,195,1248]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Selected examples of the extant comparative material used in the study. A, midtrunk vertebra of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH R 77596); B, midtrunk vertebra of Chilabothrus cf C. inornatus from the Pleistocene of Cuba (AMNH 7709); C, midtrunk vertebra of ‘barbouri’ (previous holotype MCZ 1978); D, midtrunk vertebra of Boa constrictor (MCN.D. 344); and E, midtrunk vertebra of Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002). Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted in column at the lower portion of the image. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715035/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B824011943CEB3EFCD1FB8979449EB8" blockId="8.[809,1426,1013,1893]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">
|
||
The main differences between these genera can be recognized via the neural spine morphology, the zygosphene and in the consistently greater meanaverage sizes of the vertebral measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFCB9FB137EA39F8E" authorityName="STANOLSENI" authorityYear="2018" box="[809,963,1227,1248]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFCB9FB137EA39F8E" box="[809,963,1227,1248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Chilabothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BF75AA943CEB3EFC43FB1379489F8F" box="[979,1064,1227,1249]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[164,228,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2. Obtained measurements from the specimens of the genus Pseudoepicrates" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4210999431EB33FF34FF1C796D9BB4" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" tableUuid="DF4210999431EB33FF34FF1C796D9BB4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE0943CEB3EFBDDFB1379939F8F" author="Teixeira G" box="[1101,1267,1227,1249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" refId="ref12388" refString="Teixeira G. 2013. Anatomia comparada dos Boinae (Serpentes, Boidae) sul-americanos: uma abordagem osteologica para fins aplicativos na paleontologia de vertebrados. Unpublished Bachelor Thesis, Universidade de Sao Paulo." type="book" year="2013">Teixeira, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFA98FB1478169F8F" box="[1288,1398,1228,1249]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFA98FB1478169F8F" box="[1288,1398,1228,1249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Epicrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is typified by a high and slender neural spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943CEB3EFAA6FB327E5E9E70" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[164,242,1088,1110]" captionTargetBox="[495,1106,196,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-318@7.[494,1112,195,1048]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Comparison of the neural spine morphology between Chilabothrus, Epicrates and the fossils from Thomas Farm. Only mid-precloacal vertebrae are figured here. A, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus inornatus (AMNH 70023); B, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus striatus strigilatus (AMNH 70263); C, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); D, paratype of N. barbouri (MCZ 1978) (= Pseudoepicrates); E, paratype of P. stanolseni (MCZ 1977); F, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); G, Epicrates crassus (MCN PV DR 003); H, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002); I, Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); J, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); and K, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002). In (A–H) lateral and (I–K) dorsal views. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715031/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Fig. 4G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFC4DFAD179189E70" authorityName="STANOLSENI" authorityYear="2018" box="[989,1144,1289,1310]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFC4DFAD179189E70" box="[989,1144,1289,1310]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Chilabothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the neural spine is low, nearly perpendicular in relation to the vertebral centrum and is more robust (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943CEB3EFBCAFA9E79AE9E35" box="[1114,1230,1350,1372]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[164,242,1088,1110]" captionTargetBox="[495,1106,196,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-318@7.[494,1112,195,1048]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Comparison of the neural spine morphology between Chilabothrus, Epicrates and the fossils from Thomas Farm. Only mid-precloacal vertebrae are figured here. A, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus inornatus (AMNH 70023); B, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus striatus strigilatus (AMNH 70263); C, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); D, paratype of N. barbouri (MCZ 1978) (= Pseudoepicrates); E, paratype of P. stanolseni (MCZ 1977); F, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); G, Epicrates crassus (MCN PV DR 003); H, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002); I, Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); J, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); and K, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002). In (A–H) lateral and (I–K) dorsal views. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715031/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Fig. 4A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In dorsal view, both genera display an elliptical-shaped neural spine in cross-section; however, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFBE5FA5B786F9EF6" authorityName="STANOLSENI" authorityYear="2018" box="[1141,1295,1411,1432]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFBE5FA5B786F9EF6" box="[1141,1295,1411,1432]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Chilabothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the neural spine is proportionally wider than that observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFCB9FA197EF79EB8" box="[809,919,1473,1494]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFCB9FA197EF79EB8" box="[809,919,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Epicrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943CEB3EFC37FA1979739EB8" box="[935,1043,1473,1495]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[164,242,1088,1110]" captionTargetBox="[495,1106,196,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-318@7.[494,1112,195,1048]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Comparison of the neural spine morphology between Chilabothrus, Epicrates and the fossils from Thomas Farm. Only mid-precloacal vertebrae are figured here. A, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus inornatus (AMNH 70023); B, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus striatus strigilatus (AMNH 70263); C, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); D, paratype of N. barbouri (MCZ 1978) (= Pseudoepicrates); E, paratype of P. stanolseni (MCZ 1977); F, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); G, Epicrates crassus (MCN PV DR 003); H, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002); I, Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); J, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); and K, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002). In (A–H) lateral and (I–K) dorsal views. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715031/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Fig. 4I–K</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B824011943CEB3EFCD1FA077EB39C0B" blockId="8.[809,1426,1013,1893]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">
|
||
Although the Thomas Farm fossils vary in preservational quality, the completely preserved neural spines of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5486FEB3943CEB3EFC5DF9C579249D5C" box="[973,1092,1565,1586]" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of MCZ 1978 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943CEB3EFB6AF9C5785E9D5D" box="[1274,1342,1565,1587]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[145,227,925,947]" captionTargetBox="[309,1259,200,883]" captionTargetId="figure-512@8.[305,1265,195,886]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Paratypes previously attributed to N. barbouri (= Pseudoepicrates). Letters A–D denotes the specimens. Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted above each image. Abbreviations are given in the relevant section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715033/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), MCZ 1977 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943CEB3EFCFFF9E37ECE9D3F" box="[879,942,1595,1617]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[145,224,1194,1216]" captionTargetBox="[307,1259,199,1151]" captionTargetId="figure-340@6.[305,1265,195,1154]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Paratypes attributed to P. stanolseni (MCZ 1977). Letters A–D denote the specimens. Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted in each column. Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715027/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), as well as one of the vertebrae of AMNH FARB 7627, suggests that these fossils share a unique neural spine morphology with extant members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFCB9F94F7EA29DC2" authorityName="STANOLSENI" authorityYear="2018" box="[809,962,1687,1708]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFCB9F94F7EA29DC2" box="[809,962,1687,1708]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Chilabothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943CEB3EFBABF94F79CD9DC3" box="[1083,1197,1687,1709]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[164,242,1088,1110]" captionTargetBox="[495,1106,196,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-318@7.[494,1112,195,1048]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Comparison of the neural spine morphology between Chilabothrus, Epicrates and the fossils from Thomas Farm. Only mid-precloacal vertebrae are figured here. A, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus inornatus (AMNH 70023); B, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus striatus strigilatus (AMNH 70263); C, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); D, paratype of N. barbouri (MCZ 1978) (= Pseudoepicrates); E, paratype of P. stanolseni (MCZ 1977); F, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); G, Epicrates crassus (MCN PV DR 003); H, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002); I, Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); J, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); and K, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002). In (A–H) lateral and (I–K) dorsal views. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715031/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Fig. 4A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
with D and F). The neural spines of both groups are nearly perpendicular in relation to the vertebral centrum, shortened anteroposteriorly and appear transversely thickened in dorsal view. These combined neural spine characters differ from the observable morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943CEB3EFAB1F8E978F19C28" box="[1313,1425,1841,1862]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943CEB3EFAB1F8E978F19C28" box="[1313,1425,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Epicrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943CEB3EFCA1F8977EA39C0B" box="[817,963,1871,1893]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[164,242,1088,1110]" captionTargetBox="[495,1106,196,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-318@7.[494,1112,195,1048]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Comparison of the neural spine morphology between Chilabothrus, Epicrates and the fossils from Thomas Farm. Only mid-precloacal vertebrae are figured here. A, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus inornatus (AMNH 70023); B, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus striatus strigilatus (AMNH 70263); C, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); D, paratype of N. barbouri (MCZ 1978) (= Pseudoepicrates); E, paratype of P. stanolseni (MCZ 1977); F, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); G, Epicrates crassus (MCN PV DR 003); H, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002); I, Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); J, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); and K, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002). In (A–H) lateral and (I–K) dorsal views. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715031/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="461">Fig. 4G, H, K</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF421099943DEB3FFF33FAD07E669EFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5715035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715035/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="462" startId="9.[163,242,1288,1310]" targetBox="[325,1280,198,1247]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B824011943DEB3FFF33FAD07E669EFD" blockId="9.[163,1443,1288,1427]" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943DEB3FFF33FAD07C6C9E73" bold="true" box="[163,268,1288,1310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Selected examples of the extant comparative material used in the study. A, midtrunk vertebra of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943DEB3FFA88FAD07C659E55" baseAuthorityName="Cocteau & Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1840" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="462" rank="species" species="angulifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943DEB3FFA88FAD07C659E55" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Chilabothrus angulifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH R 77596); B, midtrunk vertebra of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943DEB3FFD49FAFD7E069E55" authorityName="STANOLSENI" authorityYear="2018" box="[729,870,1317,1339]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="462" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943DEB3FFD49FAFD7E069E55" box="[729,870,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Chilabothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943DEB3FFC16FAFD796C9E55" baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="2341" box="[902,1036,1317,1339]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="462" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943DEB3FFC16FAFD7EF69E55" box="[902,918,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943DEB3FFC34FAFD796C9E55" box="[932,1036,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Pleistocene of Cuba (AMNH 7709); C, midtrunk vertebra of ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943DEB3FFE7EFA9B7F2A9E37" baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[494,586,1347,1369]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Neurodromicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbouri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943DEB3FFE7EFA9B7F2A9E37" box="[494,586,1347,1369]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">barbouri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (previous holotype MCZ 1978); D, midtrunk vertebra of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943DEB3FFB31FA9B78209E37" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1185,1344,1347,1369]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Boa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constrictor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943DEB3FFB31FA9B78209E37" box="[1185,1344,1347,1369]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Boa constrictor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MCN.D. 344); and E, midtrunk vertebra of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943DEB3FFD9FFAB87FB29E18" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[527,722,1376,1398]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cenchria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943DEB3FFD9FFAB87FB29E18" box="[527,722,1376,1398]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Epicrates cenchria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MCN PV DR 002). Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted in column at the lower portion of the image. Scale bar: 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B824011943DEB3FFF2BFA607CAF9DEB" blockId="9.[163,779,1463,1884]" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">
|
||
We also note differences in zygosphene shape variation that are potentially useful for the taxonomic differentiation between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943DEB3FFE0FFA2D7F6D9D64" box="[415,525,1525,1546]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943DEB3FFE0FFA2D7F6D9D64" box="[415,525,1525,1546]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Epicrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943DEB3FFDD9FA2D7E6B9D64" authority=": In" authorityName="In" box="[585,779,1525,1546]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="462" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943DEB3FFDD9FA2D7F839D64" box="[585,739,1525,1546]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Chilabothrus</emphasis>
|
||
: In
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dorsal view, the zygosphene of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943DEB3FFE6DF9CB7FF39D46" box="[509,659,1555,1576]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="462" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943DEB3FFE6DF9CB7FF39D46" box="[509,659,1555,1576]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Chilabothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows the typical crenate morphology; however, it is worth noting that the median lobe is prominent, broad and characteristically convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943DEB3FFE11F9B77CA09DEB" box="[385,448,1647,1669]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[145,224,648,670]" captionTargetBox="[306,1262,196,606]" captionTargetId="figure-221@10.[305,1265,195,608]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Close up of the zygosphene of different boine vertebrae. Note the differences between the median lobe and lateral lobe of the specimens. A, mid-precloacal vertebra of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); B, Chilabothrus inornatus (MCZ 2341); C, mid-precloacal vertebra of ‘barbouri’ (= P. stanolseni) material (MCZ 1978); D, mid-precloacal vertebra of P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); E, mid-precloacal vertebra of Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002); and F, mid-precloacal vertebra of Epicrates crassus (MCN PV DR 003). Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715039/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B824011943DEB3CFF2BF9577FFF9805" blockId="9.[163,779,1463,1884]" lastBlockId="10.[145,762,823,1152]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="463" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">
|
||
In contrast, the vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943DEB3FFD91F9577F0B9DCA" box="[513,619,1679,1700]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943DEB3FFD91F9577F0B9DCA" box="[513,619,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Epicrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show marked variation regarding the development of the median lobe of the zygosphene in dorsal view, ranging from a straight border in which the lobe itself is absent, to the moderately crenate condition and, even, the condition in which the median lobe exceeds the height of the lateral lobes of the articular facets of the zygosphene (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943DEB3FFD52F89E7E629C35" box="[706,770,1862,1884]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[145,224,648,670]" captionTargetBox="[306,1262,196,606]" captionTargetId="figure-221@10.[305,1265,195,608]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Close up of the zygosphene of different boine vertebrae. Note the differences between the median lobe and lateral lobe of the specimens. A, mid-precloacal vertebra of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); B, Chilabothrus inornatus (MCZ 2341); C, mid-precloacal vertebra of ‘barbouri’ (= P. stanolseni) material (MCZ 1978); D, mid-precloacal vertebra of P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); E, mid-precloacal vertebra of Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002); and F, mid-precloacal vertebra of Epicrates crassus (MCN PV DR 003). Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715039/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC3DE0943DEB3FFCD3FA6F7E8A9EA2" author="Teixeira G" box="[835,1002,1463,1485]" pageId="9" pageNumber="462" refId="ref12388" refString="Teixeira G. 2013. Anatomia comparada dos Boinae (Serpentes, Boidae) sul-americanos: uma abordagem osteologica para fins aplicativos na paleontologia de vertebrados. Unpublished Bachelor Thesis, Universidade de Sao Paulo." type="book" year="2013">Teixeira, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The morphology of the lateral lobes of the zygosphene articular facets also differs among these two genera, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943DEB3FFBC1FA2D79DF9D64" box="[1105,1215,1525,1546]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943DEB3FFBC1FA2D79DF9D64" box="[1105,1215,1525,1546]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Epicrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having triangularshaped lateral lobes in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943DEB3FFB78F9CB784A9D47" box="[1256,1322,1555,1577]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[145,224,648,670]" captionTargetBox="[306,1262,196,606]" captionTargetId="figure-221@10.[305,1265,195,608]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Close up of the zygosphene of different boine vertebrae. Note the differences between the median lobe and lateral lobe of the specimens. A, mid-precloacal vertebra of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); B, Chilabothrus inornatus (MCZ 2341); C, mid-precloacal vertebra of ‘barbouri’ (= P. stanolseni) material (MCZ 1978); D, mid-precloacal vertebra of P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); E, mid-precloacal vertebra of Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002); and F, mid-precloacal vertebra of Epicrates crassus (MCN PV DR 003). Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715039/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943DEB3FFC0DF9EA79559D29" box="[925,1077,1586,1607]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="462" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943DEB3FFC0DF9EA79559D29" box="[925,1077,1586,1607]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Chilabothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943DEB3FFB4BF9EA787C9D29" box="[1243,1308,1586,1608]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[145,224,648,670]" captionTargetBox="[306,1262,196,606]" captionTargetId="figure-221@10.[305,1265,195,608]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Close up of the zygosphene of different boine vertebrae. Note the differences between the median lobe and lateral lobe of the specimens. A, mid-precloacal vertebra of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); B, Chilabothrus inornatus (MCZ 2341); C, mid-precloacal vertebra of ‘barbouri’ (= P. stanolseni) material (MCZ 1978); D, mid-precloacal vertebra of P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); E, mid-precloacal vertebra of Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002); and F, mid-precloacal vertebra of Epicrates crassus (MCN PV DR 003). Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715039/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are also some differences in the zygosphene median lobe: in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943DEB3FFCC9F9B77E919DEA" box="[857,1009,1647,1668]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="462" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943DEB3FFCC9F9B77E919DEA" box="[857,1009,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Chilabothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the morphology of the lobe is characteristically broad and convex, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943DEB3FFA98F95778119DCA" box="[1288,1393,1679,1700]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943DEB3FFA98F95778119DCA" box="[1288,1393,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Epicrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this same process, while also convex, is more ‘triangular’ in shape with a compressed anterior apex (compare the two morphologies in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943DEB3FFBBDF932790E9D91" box="[1069,1134,1770,1792]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[145,224,648,670]" captionTargetBox="[306,1262,196,606]" captionTargetId="figure-221@10.[305,1265,195,608]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Close up of the zygosphene of different boine vertebrae. Note the differences between the median lobe and lateral lobe of the specimens. A, mid-precloacal vertebra of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); B, Chilabothrus inornatus (MCZ 2341); C, mid-precloacal vertebra of ‘barbouri’ (= P. stanolseni) material (MCZ 1978); D, mid-precloacal vertebra of P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); E, mid-precloacal vertebra of Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002); and F, mid-precloacal vertebra of Epicrates crassus (MCN PV DR 003). Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715039/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="462">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The Thomas Farm material differs distinctly from these two genera, with the median lobe weakly developed and neither reaching nor exceeding the lateral lobes of the zygosphene articular facets (compare the figures with the extant species:
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943EEB3CFF01FC8E7D9F9802" box="[145,255,854,876]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[163,242,1288,1310]" captionTargetBox="[325,1280,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-277@9.[323,1283,195,1248]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Selected examples of the extant comparative material used in the study. A, midtrunk vertebra of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH R 77596); B, midtrunk vertebra of Chilabothrus cf C. inornatus from the Pleistocene of Cuba (AMNH 7709); C, midtrunk vertebra of ‘barbouri’ (previous holotype MCZ 1978); D, midtrunk vertebra of Boa constrictor (MCN.D. 344); and E, midtrunk vertebra of Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002). Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted in column at the lower portion of the image. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715035/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">Fig. 6A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943EEB3CFE9BFC8E7C189805" box="[267,376,854,876]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[164,242,1088,1110]" captionTargetBox="[495,1106,196,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-318@7.[494,1112,195,1048]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Comparison of the neural spine morphology between Chilabothrus, Epicrates and the fossils from Thomas Farm. Only mid-precloacal vertebrae are figured here. A, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus inornatus (AMNH 70023); B, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus striatus strigilatus (AMNH 70263); C, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); D, paratype of N. barbouri (MCZ 1978) (= Pseudoepicrates); E, paratype of P. stanolseni (MCZ 1977); F, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); G, Epicrates crassus (MCN PV DR 003); H, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002); I, Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); J, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); and K, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002). In (A–H) lateral and (I–K) dorsal views. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715031/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">Fig. 4B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943EEB3CFE14FC8E7CA19805" box="[388,449,854,876]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[145,224,648,670]" captionTargetBox="[306,1262,196,606]" captionTargetId="figure-221@10.[305,1265,195,608]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Close up of the zygosphene of different boine vertebrae. Note the differences between the median lobe and lateral lobe of the specimens. A, mid-precloacal vertebra of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); B, Chilabothrus inornatus (MCZ 2341); C, mid-precloacal vertebra of ‘barbouri’ (= P. stanolseni) material (MCZ 1978); D, mid-precloacal vertebra of P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); E, mid-precloacal vertebra of Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002); and F, mid-precloacal vertebra of Epicrates crassus (MCN PV DR 003). Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715039/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943EEB3CFE5EFC8E7FF19805" box="[462,657,854,876]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1731,1753]" captionTargetBox="[308,1263,1214,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-317@10.[305,1265,1212,1692]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 8. Specimens of Thomas Farm compared with the extant Boa constrictor. Note differences concerning the zygosphene roof and the neural spine morphology. All vertebrae are in dorsal view. A, midtrunk vertebra of ‘barbouri’ MCZ 1978; B, midtrunk vertebra of B. constrictor MCN. D. 344; C, midtrunk vertebra of P. stanolseni MCZ 2417; D, anterior vertebra paratype of P. stanolseni MCZ 1977; E, anterior vertebra of B. constrictor; F, midtrunk paratype vertebra of P. stanolseni MCZ 1977; G, midtrunk vertebra of P. stanolseni AMNH 7627. Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715041/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">Fig. 8A, C, D, F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF421099943EEB3CFF01FD5079B8987D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715039" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5715039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715039/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="463" startId="10.[145,224,648,670]" targetBox="[306,1262,196,606]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B824011943EEB3CFF01FD5079B8987D" blockId="10.[145,1425,648,787]" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFF01FD507D9A99F3" bold="true" box="[145,250,648,670]" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Close up of the zygosphene of different boine vertebrae. Note the differences between the median lobe and lateral lobe of the specimens. A, mid-precloacal vertebra of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943EEB3CFD4DFD7D7EAE99D5" baseAuthorityName="Cocteau & Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[733,974,677,699]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="463" rank="species" species="angulifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFD4DFD7D7EAE99D5" box="[733,974,677,699]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">Chilabothrus angulifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 77596); B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943EEB3CFB0BFD7D7C6D99B6" authority="(MCZ 2341)" baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="2341" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="463" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFB0BFD7D78F199D5" box="[1179,1425,677,699]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">Chilabothrus inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
(MCZ 2341)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; C, mid-precloacal vertebra of ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943EEB3CFDDEFD1A7FC999B9" baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[590,681,706,727]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Neurodromicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbouri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFDDEFD1A7FC999B9" box="[590,681,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">barbouri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943EEB3CFD5FFD1B7E3399B9" baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="2417" box="[719,851,706,728]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Pseudoepicrates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanolseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFD5FFD1B7FBE99B6" box="[719,734,707,728]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFD7AFD1A7E3399B9" box="[746,851,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">stanolseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) material (MCZ 1978); D, mid-precloacal vertebra of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943EEB3CFAECFD1B7C1E9998" authority="(MCZ 2417)" baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="2417" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Pseudoepicrates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanolseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFAECFD1B78EB99B6" box="[1404,1419,707,728]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFF01FD387D9A9998" box="[145,250,736,758]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">stanolseni</emphasis>
|
||
(MCZ 2417)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; E, mid-precloacal vertebra of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943EEB3CFD2DFD387E1D9998" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[701,893,736,758]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cenchria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFD2DFD387E1D9998" box="[701,893,736,758]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">Epicrates cenchria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MCN PV DR 002); and F, mid-precloacal vertebra of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943EEB3CFF3AFD257C3F987D" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" box="[170,351,765,787]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFF3AFD257C3F987D" box="[170,351,765,787]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">Epicrates crassus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MCN PV DR 003). Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B824011943EEB3CFF39FCAD79D49F11" blockId="10.[145,762,823,1152]" lastBlockId="10.[809,1426,823,1151]" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">
|
||
In summary, the material from Thomas Farm is assignable to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943EEB3CFE06FC4B7F4798C6" box="[406,551,915,936]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="463" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFE06FC4B7F4798C6" box="[406,551,915,936]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">Chilabothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with respect to the following exclusive combination of vertebral characters: (1) zygosphene with the anterior border crenate in dorsal view with a projection of the median lobe between the rounded lateral lobes of the articular facets of the zygosphene; and (2) neural spine shortened anteroposteriorly, nearly perpendicular in relation to the vertebral centrum, being ellipsoidal shaped and thick. Moreover, here we erect the new combination
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943EEB3CFB13FCEF78F19822" authorityName="Onary & Hsiou" authorityYear="2018" box="[1155,1425,823,844]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="463" rank="species" species="stanolseni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFB13FCEF78F19822" box="[1155,1425,823,844]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">Chilabothrus stanolseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFCB9FC8E7ECD9805" bold="true" box="[809,941,854,875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A2178943EEB3CFCB9FC8E7ECD9805" box="[809,941,854,875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="463" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, which represents a hypothetical radiation of extinct species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943EEB3CFB93FCAD79F498E4" box="[1027,1172,885,906]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="463" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFB93FCAD79F498E4" box="[1027,1172,885,906]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">Chilabothrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into the early Miocene of North America. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943EEB3CFB18FC4B78F198C6" authorityName="Onary & Hsiou" authorityYear="2018" box="[1160,1425,915,936]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="463" rank="species" species="stanolseni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFB18FC4B78F198C6" box="[1160,1425,915,936]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">Chilabothrus stanolseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFCB9FC6A7ED098A9" bold="true" box="[809,944,946,967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A2178943EEB3CFCB9FC6A7ED098A9" box="[809,944,946,967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="463" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be identified as a distinct species via a single autapomorphic character: the presence of a weakly developed median lobe, distinct from all conditions observed in the extant genus (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943EEB3CFA96FBD6782C9F4D" box="[1286,1356,1038,1060]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[164,242,1088,1110]" captionTargetBox="[495,1106,196,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-318@7.[494,1112,195,1048]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Comparison of the neural spine morphology between Chilabothrus, Epicrates and the fossils from Thomas Farm. Only mid-precloacal vertebrae are figured here. A, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus inornatus (AMNH 70023); B, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus striatus strigilatus (AMNH 70263); C, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); D, paratype of N. barbouri (MCZ 1978) (= Pseudoepicrates); E, paratype of P. stanolseni (MCZ 1977); F, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); G, Epicrates crassus (MCN PV DR 003); H, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002); I, Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); J, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); and K, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002). In (A–H) lateral and (I–K) dorsal views. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715031/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943EEB3CFACAFBD678089F4D" box="[1370,1384,1038,1059]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[145,224,648,670]" captionTargetBox="[306,1262,196,606]" captionTargetId="figure-221@10.[305,1265,195,608]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Close up of the zygosphene of different boine vertebrae. Note the differences between the median lobe and lateral lobe of the specimens. A, mid-precloacal vertebra of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); B, Chilabothrus inornatus (MCZ 2341); C, mid-precloacal vertebra of ‘barbouri’ (= P. stanolseni) material (MCZ 1978); D, mid-precloacal vertebra of P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); E, mid-precloacal vertebra of Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002); and F, mid-precloacal vertebra of Epicrates crassus (MCN PV DR 003). Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715039/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13065C94943EEB3CFAE5FBD678E39F4D" box="[1397,1411,1038,1059]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1731,1753]" captionTargetBox="[308,1263,1214,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-317@10.[305,1265,1212,1692]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 8. Specimens of Thomas Farm compared with the extant Boa constrictor. Note differences concerning the zygosphene roof and the neural spine morphology. All vertebrae are in dorsal view. A, midtrunk vertebra of ‘barbouri’ MCZ 1978; B, midtrunk vertebra of B. constrictor MCN. D. 344; C, midtrunk vertebra of P. stanolseni MCZ 2417; D, anterior vertebra paratype of P. stanolseni MCZ 1977; E, anterior vertebra of B. constrictor; F, midtrunk paratype vertebra of P. stanolseni MCZ 1977; G, midtrunk vertebra of P. stanolseni AMNH 7627. Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5715041/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). In this respect, all material previously assigned to the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943EEB3CFCEEFB9379C69F0E" baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="2417" box="[894,1190,1099,1120]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Pseudoepicrates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanolseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFCEEFB9379C69F0E" box="[894,1190,1099,1120]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">Pseudoepicrates stanolseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D3B92943EEB3CFCB9FBB2794D9F11" authorityName="Onary & Hsiou" authorityYear="2018" box="[809,1069,1130,1151]" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="463" rank="species" species="stanolseni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFCB9FBB2794D9F11" box="[809,1069,1130,1151]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">Chilabothrus stanolseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9499C03943EEB3CFBA3FBB279D49F11" bold="true" box="[1075,1204,1130,1151]" pageId="10" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A2178943EEB3CFBA3FBB279D49F11" box="[1075,1204,1130,1151]" pageId="10" pageNumber="463" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |