271 lines
30 KiB
XML
271 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="0D4E649F3DBF87299429FD69E2DC0AA7" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.10396362" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1707168658757" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V." docDate="2023" docId="03810139FF92BB1DC0CAFFB3E297B755" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2023.1026.1-115.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2023 (26)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10396362" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Ludens labens Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="FFB87941FFDFBB50C00AFF56E355B262" masterDocTitle="Supplementary Materials and Appendix" masterLastPageNumber="115" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="76" updateTime="1707169288913" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7B892AB3370E4E3DAA2D898B8199AAF5">
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<mods:title id="688C0E9BE8859D4C5C84EBA93E292556">Supplementary Materials and Appendix</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="EE69451F6F84E6F160ACCBF477D4047B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C04857798882745850EC128EA3837C9C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="45792BE8930F53AB78327C46793C2318">Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B4EE3EC8C2F06DD099D618DB990507AD">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="32BD302F3836E5B9FA1D9583E4934207">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="39BD66765A04D4F70D6C59B167B76E60">Cong, Qian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8574B5AF1F30A5A970614CD16933FFF3">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3105F8D6D5E7C6CEBCDBAC9B5CB21E2A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0EF6B2BB6F64C66329240B9531C44DCE">Grishin, Nick V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CCF45CE428E34B15F37FB7917DBDA8A9">Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 9050 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="33DEBC17D3819285DA215390EF622661">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D3A7410B0B5BE49B145F62440503C802">
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<mods:date id="552BF7E2794595247EF93879CF9EE52E">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F54A0443C6897B39F6383C431E267339">2023-12-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="15CE4B2F4187EE5A85D8888810660539">2023</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="63AD5B4E9239D9617A59BF2F6413D9A4">26</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="319A8C04840BFF3916AD46C983A4CAB4" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03810139FF92BB1DC0CAFFB3E297B755" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03810139FF92BB1DC0CAFFB3E297B755" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03810139FF92BB1DC0CAFFB3E297B755" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">
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<subSubSection id="C332E3A4FF92BB1DC0CAFFB3E0FEB346" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B97B02FFF92BB1DC0CAFFB3E12AB361" blockId="77.[192,939,229,326]" box="[192,639,229,259]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">
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<heading id="D0DF0743FF92BB1DC0CAFFB3E12AB361" box="[192,639,229,259]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC0CAFFB3E12AB361" bold="true" box="[192,639,229,259]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF92BB1DC0CAFFB3E28BB361" authority="Grishin" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[192,478,229,259]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ludens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labens" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC0CAFFB3E226B360" bold="true" box="[192,371,229,258]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Ludens labens</emphasis>
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Grishin
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FD146FF92BB1DC1E0FFB0E12AB361" box="[490,639,230,259]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B97B02FFF92BB1DC0CAFE5FE0FEB346" blockId="77.[192,939,229,326]" box="[192,939,265,292]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">
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https://zoobank.org/
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<uuid id="FF8E8AFAFF92BB1DC194FE5FE0FEB346" box="[414,939,265,292]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">7B83772E-AFB1-4A3F-995A-363407AD85FC</uuid>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C332E3A4FF92BB1DC0CAFE7DE148B327" box="[192,541,299,326]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B97B02FFF92BB1DC0CAFE7DE148B327" blockId="77.[192,939,229,326]" box="[192,541,299,326]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1313ACAAFF92BB1DC0C2FE7DE252B324" box="[200,263,299,326]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="70.[192,261,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,282,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-322@70.[192,1440,279,1245]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="Figure 7. Phylogenetic trees of Moncina (part 3) and Flagina inferred from protein-coding regions in a) the Z chromosome and b) the mitochondrial genome (in segments). See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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part, 185–186, 421–422)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C332E3A4FF92BB1DC0CAFE03E7D8B1C2" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B97B02FFF92BB1DC0CAFE03E6F4B0A0" blockId="77.[191,1441,341,706]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">
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<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC0CAFE03E28AB30D" bold="true" box="[192,479,341,367]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Definition and diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Phylogenetic trees reveal that several specimens from
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<collectingCountry id="F33FF0BFFF92BB1DC42EFE00E729B312" box="[1060,1148,342,368]" name="Panama" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Panama</collectingCountry>
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identified as
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<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF92BB1DC50DFE03E232B3F3" authority="(Mabille, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Mabille" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ludens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludens">
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<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC50DFE03E6CAB30D" box="[1287,1439,341,367]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Ludens ludens</emphasis>
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(Mabille, 1891)
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</taxonomicName>
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(type locality in
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<collectingCountry id="F33FF0BFFF92BB1DC22AFE21E12FB3F3" box="[544,634,375,401]" name="Panama" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Panama</collectingCountry>
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,
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<typeStatus id="54930E8DFF92BB1DC28FFE21E18FB3F3" box="[645,730,375,401]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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sequenced as NVG-15036B04) are not monophyletic with it and show prominent genetic differentiation from it (
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<figureCitation id="1313ACAAFF92BB1DC2CFFECFE051B3D1" box="[709,772,409,435]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="70.[192,261,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,282,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-322@70.[192,1440,279,1245]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="Figure 7. Phylogenetic trees of Moncina (part 3) and Flagina inferred from protein-coding regions in a) the Z chromosome and b) the mitochondrial genome (in segments). See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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): e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 8.4% (55 bp), and therefore represent a new species. This new species is sister to the species pair
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<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF92BB1DC3A5FEEDE744B3B6" baseAuthorityName="Mabille" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[943,1041,442,468]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ludens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludens">
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<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC3A5FEEDE744B3B6" box="[943,1041,442,468]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">L. ludens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF92BB1DC44DFEECE6F4B3B7" authority="(Schaus, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[1095,1441,442,469]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ludens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petrovna">
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<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC44DFEECE7AFB3B6" box="[1095,1274,442,468]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Ludens petrovna</emphasis>
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(Schaus, 1902)
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</taxonomicName>
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(type species
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<collectingCountry id="F33FF0BFFF92BB1DC15AFE8AE2C6B394" box="[336,403,476,502]" name="Brazil" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49EC7ECDFF92BB1DC196FE8AE162B394" box="[412,567,476,502]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="1313ACAAFF92BB1DC241FE8AE1DEB394" box="[587,651,476,502]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="70.[192,261,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,282,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-322@70.[192,1440,279,1245]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="Figure 7. Phylogenetic trees of Moncina (part 3) and Flagina inferred from protein-coding regions in a) the Z chromosome and b) the mitochondrial genome (in segments). See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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). This new species keys to
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<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF92BB1DC3AFFE8AE768B394" baseAuthorityName="Mabille" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[933,1085,476,502]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ludens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludens">
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<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC3AFFE8AE768B394" box="[933,1085,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Ludens ludens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(J.7) that included
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<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF92BB1DC501FE8BE6D1B394" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[1291,1412,477,502]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ludens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petrovna">
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<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC501FE8BE6D1B394" box="[1291,1412,477,502]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">L. petrovna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as its synonym in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CDDEFF92BB1DC16DFEA9E2A3B07B" author="Evans WH" box="[359,502,510,537]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" pagination="54 - 88" refId="ref77169" refString="Evans WH. 1955. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); London. v + 499 p., pl. 54 - 88." type="book chapter" year="1955">Evans (1955)</bibRefCitation>
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but differs from these species by the lack of postdiscal spots that connect yellow veins on the ventral hindwing (
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<figureCitation id="1313ACAAFF92BB1DC1DFFD76E165B058" box="[469,560,544,570]" captionStart="Figures 173–194" captionStartId="103.[192,271,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[199,1430,339,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-75@103.[194,1442,333,1695]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="Figures 173–194. Holotypes, data in text. 173–174) Dion occida sp. n. 175–176) Eprius (Eprius) veledinus sp. n. 177–178) Radiatus panamensis sp. n. 179–180) Pheraeus pulcher sp. n. 181–182) Callimormus rades sp. n. 183–184) Gubrus lubens sp. n. 185–186) Ludens labens sp. n. 187–188) Rigga isa sp. n. 189–190) Flaccilla lactea sp. n. 191–192) Falga athena sp. n. 193–194) Panoquina jay sp. n." pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Fig. 186</figureCitation>
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), longer harpe than in
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<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF92BB1DC32CFD77E0D2B058" baseAuthorityName="Mabille" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[806,903,544,570]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ludens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludens">
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<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC32CFD77E0D2B058" box="[806,903,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">L. ludens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that is more similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF92BB1DC489FD77E7A8B058" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[1155,1277,545,570]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ludens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petrovna">
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<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC489FD77E7A8B058" box="[1155,1277,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">L. petrovna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, shorter (compared to the length of costa) “thumb”-like expansion of the ampulla, and more concave ventral margin of harpe in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="1313ACAAFF92BB1DC140FD35E2F3B01C" box="[330,422,611,638]" captionStart="Figures 391–429" captionStartId="114.[192,270,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[202,1437,218,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-162@114.[192,1440,213,1686]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="Figures 391–429. Genitalia of holotypes, data in text.391–393) Cantha meiodicta sp. n.394–395) Phlebodes duplex sp. n.396– 398) Lychnuchus (Enosis) valle sp. n. 399–401) Eutychide ochoides sp. n. 402–403) Dion bora sp. n. 404–406) Dion occida sp. n. 407–409) Eprius (Eprius) veledinus sp. n. 410–412) Radiatus panamensis sp. n. 413–414) Pheraeus pulcher sp. n. 415–417) Callimormus rades sp. n. 418–420) Gubrus lubens sp. n. 421–422) Ludens labens sp. n. 423–424) Rigga isa sp. n. 425–426) Flaccilla lactea sp. n. 427–429) Falga athena sp. n. Views: dorsal (391, 394, 399, 402, 404, 408, 411, 413, 419, 421, 423, 425), left lateral (393, 395, 400, 403, 406, 409, 412, 414, 420, 422, 424, 426), right lateral of left valva (393, 405, 418), ventral (396, 398, 401," pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Fig. 422</figureCitation>
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). Due to the cryptic nature of this species, most reliable identification is achieved by DNA and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly216.51.3:T66C, aly890.73.2:C99T, aly890.73.2:G111A, aly600.14.2:G80A, aly
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<date id="FF9696EFFF92BB1DC28DFDF1E1B0B0A0" box="[647,741,679,706]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" value="1493-04-05">1493.4.5</date>
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:C60T, and COI barcode:T118A, T163A, C346A, A391T, A565G.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B97B02FFF92BB1DC0CAFD87E7D8B1C2" blockId="77.[192,1440,721,928]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">
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<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC0CAFD87E11BB089" bold="true" box="[192,590,721,747]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">
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Barcode sequence of the
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<typeStatus id="54930E8DFF92BB1DC1EAFD87E11CB089" box="[480,585,721,747]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Sample NVG-19017B12, GenBank OR837707, 658 base pairs: AACATTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCAGGAATATTAGGTACATCATTAAGAATATTAATTCGTACTGAATTAGGTAATCCAGGATCTTTAATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAACACTATTGTAACAGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATGGTAATACCAATTATAATTGGCGGATTCGGTAATT GATTAGTCCCATTAATATTAGGAGCCCCAGATATAGCTTTTCCTCGTATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGAATATTACCCCCATCATTAACATTATTAAT TTCAAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGTGCAGGAACAGGATGAACTGTATATCCCCCACTTTCATCCAATATTGCACATCAAGGATCCTCTGTTGATTTA GCTATTTTCTCCCTTCATTTAGCAGGAATTTCTTCTATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATCACCACTATTATTAATATACGAATTAAAAACCTATCTT TCGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTATGATCTGTAGGTATTACAGCTTTATTATTATTATTATCATTACCTGTTCTAGCTGGGGCCATTACTATACTTTT AACAGATCGAAATTTAAATACTTCATTTTTTGATCCTGCTGGAGGGGGGGACCCTATTTTATATCAACATTTATTT
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C332E3A4FF92BB1DC0CAFCE4E7C1B6FD" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B97B02FFF92BB1DC0CAFCE4E0BBB614" blockId="77.[192,1441,946,1142]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC0CAFCE4E239B1AE" bold="true" box="[192,364,946,972]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B40BA72FF92BB1DC17FFCE4E155B636" collectingDate="1982-09-22" collectionCode="DC, USNM, V" collectorName="G. B. Small & Nick & Grishin & QR Code" country="Panama" elevation="1200" latitude="7.9333334" location="Smithsonian Institution" longLatPrecision="1302" longitude="-77.71667" municipality="National Museum of Natural History" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Darien" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC17FFCE4E2BCB1AE" bold="true" box="[373,489,946,972]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54930E8DFF92BB1DC17FFCE4E2B1B1AE" box="[373,484,946,972]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2E7BA6FF92BB1DC1F9FCE5E15DB1AD" box="[499,520,947,975]" count="1" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
deposited in the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF32A55FF92BB1DC2DFFCE4E72AB1AE" box="[725,1151,946,973]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">National Museum of Natural History</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF7E6F4FF92BB1DC486FCE4E6C9B1AE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03810139FF92BB1DC0CAFFB3E297B755:8EF7E6F4FF92BB1DC486FCE4E6C9B1AE" box="[1164,1436,946,972]" country="Panama" latitude="7.9333334" longLatPrecision="1302" longitude="-77.71667" municipality="National Museum of Natural History" name="Smithsonian Institution" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Darien">Smithsonian Institution</location>
|
||
, Washington,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3928EAFF92BB1DC15CFC82E2D5B18C" box="[342,384,980,1006]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">DC</collectionCode>
|
||
, USA (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3928EAFF92BB1DC1D9FC82E17DB18C" box="[467,552,980,1006]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
), illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="1313ACAAFF92BB1DC2DFFC82E03CB18D" box="[725,873,980,1007]" captionStart="Figures 173–194" captionStartId="103.[192,271,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[199,1430,339,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-75@103.[194,1442,333,1695]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="Figures 173–194. Holotypes, data in text. 173–174) Dion occida sp. n. 175–176) Eprius (Eprius) veledinus sp. n. 177–178) Radiatus panamensis sp. n. 179–180) Pheraeus pulcher sp. n. 181–182) Callimormus rades sp. n. 183–184) Gubrus lubens sp. n. 185–186) Ludens labens sp. n. 187–188) Rigga isa sp. n. 189–190) Flaccilla lactea sp. n. 191–192) Falga athena sp. n. 193–194) Panoquina jay sp. n." pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Fig. 185–186</figureCitation>
|
||
, bears the following four rectangular labels, three white: [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33FF0BFFF92BB1DC110FCA0E2C1B672" box="[282,404,1014,1040]" name="Panama" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EC7ECDFF92BB1DC19DFCA0E2B6B672" box="[407,483,1014,1040]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Darien</collectingRegion>
|
||
| Cana
|
||
<quantity id="4CD01DCAFF92BB1DC23DFCA0E1D1B672" box="[567,644,1014,1040]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="1200.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0005571CFF92BB1DC23DFCA0E1D1B672" box="[567,644,1014,1040]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
|
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1CD6E8FF92BB1DC292FCA0E1B0B672" box="[664,741,1013,1042]" degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" precision="925" value="7.9333334">7°56′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1CD6E8FF92BB1DC2E1FCA0E01EB672" box="[747,843,1014,1042]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" precision="925" value="-77.71667">77°43′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
|
|
||
<date id="FF9696EFFF92BB1DC355FCA0E761B672" box="[863,1076,1014,1040]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" value="1982-09-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD26F07FF92BB1DC355FCA0E761B672" box="[863,1076,1014,1040]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" value="1982-09-22">22 September 1982</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
| leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26DDD5F9FF92BB1DC47EFCA0E7B1B672" box="[1140,1252,1014,1040]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">G.B.Small</collectorName>
|
||
], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-19017B12 | c/o
|
||
<collectorName id="26DDD5F9FF92BB1DC1E0FB41E14AB653" box="[490,543,1047,1073]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Nick</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3928EAFF92BB1DC22FFB4EE16DB650" box="[549,568,1048,1074]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26DDD5F9FF92BB1DC24BFB41E1C2B653" box="[577,663,1047,1073]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Grishin</collectorName>
|
||
], [USNMENT | {
|
||
<collectorName id="26DDD5F9FF92BB1DC36EFB41E084B653" box="[868,977,1047,1073]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">QR Code</collectorName>
|
||
} | 01532848], and one red [
|
||
<typeStatus id="54930E8DFF92BB1DC505FB4EE6F5B650" box="[1295,1440,1048,1074]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2E7BA6FF92BB1DC0CAFB6DE380B635" box="[192,213,1083,1111]" count="1" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
|
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF92BB1DC0E2FB6FE26CB631" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1955" box="[232,313,1081,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ludens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ludens</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF92BB1DC147FB6FE2BAB631" authority="Grishin" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[333,495,1081,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ludens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labens">labens Grishin</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC201FB6FE12FB631" bold="true" box="[523,634,1081,1107]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54930E8DFF92BB1DC201FB6FE120B631" box="[523,629,1081,1107]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2E7BA6FF92BB1DC28AFB6FE1F7B635" box="[640,674,1081,1111]" count="1" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-20054D07
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33FF0BFFF92BB1DC36CFB6CE096B636" box="[870,963,1082,1108]" name="Panama" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EC7ECDFF92BB1DC3C6FB6CE7C5B631" box="[972,1168,1081,1108]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Panama Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Cerro Jefe, elevation ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD01DCAFF92BB1DC0CAFB0DE252B614" box="[192,263,1115,1142]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="880.0">880 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3928EAFF92BB1DC118FB0DE216B617" box="[274,323,1115,1141]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">GPS</collectionCode>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1CD6E8FF92BB1DC143FB0DE2C0B617" box="[329,405,1115,1141]" degrees="9.2242" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" precision="5" value="9.2242">9.2242</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1CD6E8FF92BB1DC1AAFB0DE156B614" box="[416,515,1115,1142]" degrees="79.3758" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" precision="5" value="-79.3758">-79.3758</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9696EFFF92BB1DC207FB0DE1C8B617" box="[525,669,1115,1141]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" value="2014-02-17">17-Feb-2014</date>
|
||
, J.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3928EAFF92BB1DC2B6FB0AE184B614" box="[700,721,1116,1142]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">R</collectionCode>
|
||
. MacDonald leg. [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3928EAFF92BB1DC393FB0AE0B1B614" box="[921,996,1116,1142]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15861" name="University of Memphis" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" type="Herbarium">MEM</collectionCode>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97B02FFF92BB1DC0CAFBD3E7C1B6FD" blockId="77.[192,1172,1157,1183]" box="[192,1172,1157,1183]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC0CAFBD3E20EB6FD" bold="true" box="[192,347,1157,1183]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54930E8DFF92BB1DC0CAFBD3E3ACB6FD" box="[192,249,1157,1183]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33FF0BFFF92BB1DC16BFBD3E2EBB6FD" box="[353,446,1157,1183]" name="Panama" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EC7ECDFF92BB1DC1C2FBD3E1D4B6FD" box="[456,641,1157,1183]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Darien Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Cana, elevation
|
||
<quantity id="4CD01DCAFF92BB1DC334FBD3E0C6B6FD" box="[830,915,1157,1183]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3928EAFF92BB1DC394FBD3E09AB6FD" box="[926,975,1157,1183]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">GPS</collectionCode>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1CD6E8FF92BB1DC3DFFBD3E774B6FD" box="[981,1057,1157,1183]" degrees="7.9333" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" precision="5" value="7.9333">7.9333</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1CD6E8FF92BB1DC426FBD3E7C5B6FD" box="[1068,1168,1157,1183]" degrees="77.7167" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" precision="5" value="-77.7167">-77.7167</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C332E3A4FF92BB1DC0CAFBF9E1FBB76E" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97B02FFF92BB1DC0CAFBF9E1FBB76E" blockId="77.[192,1441,1199,1293]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC0CAFBF9E211B6AB" bold="true" box="[192,324,1199,1225]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
In Latin,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF92BB1DC1B2FBF9E2AAB6AB" baseAuthorityName="Mabille" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[440,511,1199,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ludens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC1B2FBF9E2AAB6AB" box="[440,511,1199,1225]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">ludens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
means playful. An antonym for play is work. In Latin,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC479FBF9E7F9B6AB" box="[1139,1196,1199,1225]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">labor</emphasis>
|
||
means work, and the name derived from this word, similarly to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF92BB1DC2AFFB86E1BFB688" baseAuthorityName="Mabille" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[677,746,1232,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ludens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC2AFFB86E1BFB688" box="[677,746,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">ludens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF92BB1DC31EFB86E002B688" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[788,855,1232,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ludens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC31EFB86E002B688" box="[788,855,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">labens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which actually means slipping, gliding, or flowing. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C332E3A4FF92BB1DC0CAFA4AE297B755" box="[192,450,1308,1335]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97B02FFF92BB1DC0CAFA4AE297B755" blockId="77.[192,450,1308,1335]" box="[192,450,1308,1335]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF92BB1DC0CAFA4AE20EB754" bold="true" box="[192,347,1308,1334]" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33FF0BFFF92BB1DC16BFA4BE2EBB755" box="[353,446,1309,1335]" name="Panama" pageId="77" pageNumber="76">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |