520 lines
60 KiB
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520 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document id="3E3605A91207DCA0CBE21FEDC50C945C" ID-CLB-Dataset="20350" ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0057039" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fcefd797-1d3e-43c6-ad6e-8550a33e9199" ID-PMC="PMC3579775" ID-PubMed="23451138" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6338572" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1646763225922" checkinUser="jonas" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Vorontsova, Maria S. & Prohens, Jaime" docDate="2013" docId="03809C4EFFCAFFD2FCC0FA39FE521AF5" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSONE.8.2.e57039.pdf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE 8 (2)" docTitle="Solanum campylacanthum A. Rich" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFB9E436FFCEFFD4FF8EFFABFFB01C62" masterDocTitle="Wild Relatives of the Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.: Solanaceae): New Understanding of Species Names in a Complex Group" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1699317470283" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="7B305FD5A7B1A100DC671783A3608495">Wild Relatives of the Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.: Solanaceae): New Understanding of Species Names in a Complex Group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CC8A9408DC24FB73E9F0A741FDD32D17">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C03530A2C0115FDAE04719FE26443153">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C25C6BA233865713D727C9178AF217D0" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac. uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9F8D0177ACA9AE9B5236F53D0C453295">Vorontsova, Maria S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D5EABA4E4712844E025CEDE536F80F8B">Herbarium, Library, Art and Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4EEAE3CC3A22B977E5CC9A157CEA9A63">Prohens, Jaime</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9756FE7B4D659F190BB0B2EB5B5EB6D1">Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="111C2D129A3784A8ED61B8C0710E8BB0">PLoS ONE</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A42D7D4B0EC70AE5C95D1C6E6E6AF908">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8939E3D88329ED10001C2AA611ECBAA3">2013-02-22</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03809C4EFFCAFFD2FCC0FA39FE521AF5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6339088" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193889175" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6339088" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03809C4EFFCAFFD2FCC0FA39FE521AF5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03809C4EFFCAFFD2FCC0FA39FE521AF5" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="C3337ED3FFCAFFD0FCC0FA39FC2F19A3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B962D58FFCAFFD0FCC0FA39FC2F19A3" blockId="4.[846,1479,1423,1656]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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2.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCAFFD0FCE6FA24FB7219C7" ID-CoL="6Z648" authority="A.Rich" authorityName="A. Rich" box="[872,1218,1423,1445]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campylacanthum">
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Solanum campylacanthum
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<bibCitation id="5E032534FFCAFFD0FBF5FA24FB7219C7" author="A. Rich" box="[1147,1218,1423,1445]" journal="Tent. Fl. Abyss" page="102" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" volume="2" year="1850">A.Rich</bibCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 102. 1850.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3337ED3FFCAFFD0FCE6FA60FC2F1A1A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B962D58FFCAFFD0FCE6FA60FC2F199C" blockId="4.[846,1479,1423,1656]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB390A76FFCAFFD0FCE6FA60FC2F199C" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A880B49FFCAFFD0FCE6FA60FC2B199C" author="Dunal" page="344" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1852">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCAFFD0FCE6FA60FB831980" ID-CoL="4XZQQ" authority="Dunal, Prodr." authorityName="Dunal, Prodr." box="[872,1075,1483,1506]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bojeri">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCAFFD0FCE6FA60FC581982" box="[872,1000,1483,1504]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum bojeri</emphasis>
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<bibCitation id="5E032534FFCAFFD0FC7AFA67FB831980" author="Dunal" box="[1012,1075,1484,1506]" issue="1" journal="Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle]" page="344" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" volume="13" year="1852">Dunal</bibCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 344. 1852
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B962D58FFCAFFD0FCE6F9A3FB741A59" blockId="4.[846,1479,1423,1656]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB390A76FFCAFFD0FCE6F9A3FB741A59" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A880B49FFCAFFD0FCE6F9A3FBB91A59" author="Dunal" page="370" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1852">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCAFFD0FCE6F9A3FB741A7D" ID-CoL="4Y3MZ" authority="Drege ex Dunal, Prodr." authorityName="Dunal, Prodr." box="[872,1220,1544,1567]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panduriforme">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCAFFD0FCE6F9A3FB911A7F" box="[872,1057,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum panduriforme</emphasis>
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Drège ex
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<bibCitation id="5E032534FFCAFFD0FB0BF9A2FB741A7D" author="Dunal" box="[1157,1220,1545,1567]" issue="1" journal="Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle]" page="370" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" volume="13" year="1852">Dunal</bibCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 370. 1852
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</treatmentCitation>
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, as ‘‘
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCAFFD0FBB2F98FFB021A5B" box="[1084,1202,1572,1593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">panduraeforme</emphasis>
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’’.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B962D58FFCAFFD0FCE6F9EEFC2F1A1A" blockId="4.[846,1479,1423,1656]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB390A76FFCAFFD0FCE6F9EEFC2F1A1A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A880B49FFCAFFD0FCE6F9EEFC2B1A1A" author="Dunal" page="349" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1852">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCAFFD0FCE6F9EEFB291A3E" ID-CoL="4Y282" authority="Dunal, Prodr." authorityName="Dunal, Prodr." box="[872,1177,1605,1628]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="delagoense">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCAFFD0FCE6F9EEFBB91A38" box="[872,1033,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum delagoense</emphasis>
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<bibCitation id="5E032534FFCAFFD0FB9FF9EDFB291A3E" author="Dunal" box="[1041,1177,1606,1628]" issue="1" journal="Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle]" page="349" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" volume="13" year="1852">Dunal, Prodr.</bibCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 349. 1852
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3337ED3FFCAFFD0FCEEF938FB221A9F" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B962D58FFCAFFD0FCEEF938FB221A9F" blockId="4.[840,1478,1683,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Distribution. Ubiquitous weed of low altitudes in Southern and Eastern Africa: roadsides, abandoned cultivation, savanna, bushland, dunes, forest edges etc.; usually
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<quantity id="4CD180BDFFCAFFD0FB43F960FA821A83" box="[1229,1330,1739,1761]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1000.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="0.0">0–2000 m</quantity>
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, but has been recorded up to
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<quantity id="4CD180BDFFCAFFD0FC6FF94CFB9C1A9F" box="[993,1068,1767,1789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</quantity>
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elevation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3337ED3FFCAFFD2FCEEF8A9FE521AF5" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B962D58FFCAFFD2FCEEF8A9FE551871" blockId="4.[840,1478,1683,1956]" lastBlockId="6.[155,794,602,1687]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCAFFD0FCEEF8A9FB861B75" box="[864,1078,1794,1815]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campylacanthum">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCAFFD0FCEEF8A9FB861B75" box="[864,1078,1794,1815]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum campylacanthum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is extremely widespread and variable (75 heterotypic synonyms [
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFCAFFD0FBB7F8B4FBE41B57" author="Vorontsova MS & Knapp S" box="[1081,1108,1823,1845]" editor="Beentje H" journalOrPublisher="Richmond: RBG Kew" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="164 - 186" refId="ref10772" refString="25. Vorontsova MS, Knapp S (2012) Solanum sections Oliganthes, Melongena and Monodolichopus. In: Edmonds JM, Solanaceae, In: Beentje H, editor. Flora of Tropical East Africa. Richmond: RBG Kew, 164 - 186, 198 - 215, 220 - 223." title="Solanum sections Oliganthes, Melongena and Monodolichopus" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Flora of Tropical East Africa" year="2012">25</bibRefCitation>
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]), particularly with respect to leaf morphology (
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<figureCitation id="131231DDFFCAFFD0FC45F891FBB11B32" box="[971,1025,1850,1872]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[155,220,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[157,1345,167,1722]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[155,1351,162,1728]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. A sample of form and leaf variation in Solanum campylacanthum A.Rich. from across its morphological and geographical range showing the cline in leaf shape from south to north. A. Habit with narrow elliptic leaves. B. Habit with small leaves, small flowers, and dense curved prickles. C. Habit with ovate leaves and no prickles. D. Habit with large prickles and multiple fruits per infructescence. E. Habit with lobed leaves. F. Habit with cordate leaves. G. Short-stalked trichome from abaxial side of leaf. (Based on: A, Mott 11B, country; B, Gilfillan 6056, country; C, Torre 7145, Mozambique; D, Stewart E33, country; E, G, Friis et al. 8107, Ethiopia; F, Friis 8505, Ethiopia) Scale bar: A–F = 4 cm; G = 0.4 mm. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057039.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6338576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6338576/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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) but flowers are relatively uniform throughout its range (
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<figureCitation id="131231DDFFCAFFD0FC3FF8FDFC4E1B0E" box="[945,1022,1878,1900]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[155,220,172,191]" captionTargetBox="[160,1391,167,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-0@3.[155,1397,162,1916]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Representative flower and fruit morphology of eggplant and its wild relatives. A. Solanum campylacanthum inflorescences (Kenya - Vorontsova et al. 157); B. Solanum incanum immature fruit (Kenya – Vorontsova et al. 203); C. Solanum insanum fruit cross-section (China – Wang et al. 2047); D. Solanum insanum inflorescence with several hermaphrodite flowers (China – Wang et al. 2039); E. Solanum linnaeanum with yellow mature and mottled green immature fruit, note highly dissected leaves (Spain - Knapp IM-10096); F. Solanum melongena flower with duplicated parts (China – Wang et al. 2042). Photographs: A, B taken M.S. Vorontsova; C, D, E, F taken by S. Knapp. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057039.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6338574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6338574/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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). The vast majority of wild egglant relatives collected in Africa belong to this species, which is commonly and incorrectly called ‘‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCAFFD0FC72F825FBE51BC6" box="[1020,1109,1934,1956]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
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incanum’’ (see discussion of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCAFFD0FAE4F825FA761BC1" box="[1386,1478,1934,1955]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCAFFD0FAE4F825FA761BC1" box="[1386,1478,1934,1955]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. incanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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below). Our concept of this species corresponds to ‘‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FD31FDF1FF5F1EEE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">Solanum incanum</taxonomicName>
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group A’’ and ‘‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FE1FFDDDFDF61EEE" box="[401,582,630,652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">Solanum incanum</taxonomicName>
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group B’’ of Daunay et al. [
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC8FFD2FF56FD39FF451ECA" author="Daunay M-C & Lester RN & Ano G" box="[216,245,658,680]" editor="Charrier A & Jacquot A & Hamon M & Nicolas D" journalOrPublisher="Montpellier: Science Publishers" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="199 - 222" refId="ref10704" refString="23. Daunay M-C, Lester RN, Ano G (2001) Eggplant. In: Charrier A, Jacquot A, Hamon M, Nicolas D, editors. Tropical plant breeding. Montpellier: Science Publishers, 199 - 222." title="Eggplant" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Tropical plant breeding" year="2001">23</bibRefCitation>
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]; ‘‘group B’’ comprises those plants with narrower leaves from the southern part of the species distribution that have been recognised by some as
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FEFBFD61FE6E1E82" box="[373,478,714,736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="delagoense">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FEFBFD61FE6E1E82" box="[373,478,714,736]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. delagoense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FE64FD61FDDC1E82" box="[490,620,714,736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panduriforme">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FE64FD61FDDC1E82" box="[490,620,714,736]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. panduriforme</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
or as infraspecific taxa based on those epithets [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC8FFD2FE36FD4DFE641E9E" author="Samuels J" box="[440,468,742,764]" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 11" part="67" refId="ref11037" refString="31. Samuels J (2012) Solanum incanum s. l. (Solanaceae): taxonomic relationships between S. incanum, S. campylacanthum, S. panduriforme and S. lichtensteinii. Kew Bull 67: 1 - 11." title="Solanum incanum s. l. (Solanaceae): taxonomic relationships between S. incanum, S. campylacanthum, S. panduriforme and S. lichtensteinii" type="journal article" year="2012">31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. From our examination of many herbarium specimens throughout Africa we conclude that this variation represents a north-south cline with leaf shape narrower in more southern populations. The variation is continuous and we do not think it warrants taxonomic recognition at either the specific or infraspecific level.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FE5EFCDAFD1D1FE5" box="[464,685,881,903]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campylacanthum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FE5EFCDAFD1D1FE5" box="[464,685,881,903]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum campylacanthum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can form dense stands of monomorphic plants through vegetative reproduction by underground stems; this can lead to the impression that variation is at a population rather than an individual level. Samuels [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC8FFD2FF76FC49FEA31F9A" author="Samuels J" box="[248,275,994,1016]" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 11" part="67" refId="ref11037" refString="31. Samuels J (2012) Solanum incanum s. l. (Solanaceae): taxonomic relationships between S. incanum, S. campylacanthum, S. panduriforme and S. lichtensteinii. Kew Bull 67: 1 - 11." title="Solanum incanum s. l. (Solanaceae): taxonomic relationships between S. incanum, S. campylacanthum, S. panduriforme and S. lichtensteinii" type="journal article" year="2012">31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] showed that ‘‘A’’ and ‘‘B’’ were fully interfertile, and thus classified them as subspecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF567DD0FFCBFFD1FF15FD16FCE41EB0" ID-Table-UUID="DF567DD0FFCBFFD1FF15FD16FCE41EB0" box="[155,852,701,722]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF567DD0FFCBFFD1FF15FD16FCE41EB0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[155,219,701,722]" targetBox="[155,1908,786,1367]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFCBFFD1FF15FD16FCE41EB0" box="[155,852,701,722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF15FD16FF471EB0" bold="true" box="[155,247,701,722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Key vegetative differences of eggplants and wild relatives.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFCBFFD1FF15FC83F8821935" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<table id="F929DFF8FFCB002BFF15FCB9F8C41935" box="[155,1908,786,1367]" gridcols="12" gridrows="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFCB002BFF15FCB9F8C41F5B" box="[155,1908,786,825]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BFF15FCB9FF6E1F5B" box="[155,222,786,825]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF15FC83FF6E1F5B" bold="true" box="[155,222,808,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Species</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BFE28FCB9FD891F5B" box="[422,569,786,825]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FE28FC83FDB71F5B" bold="true" box="[422,519,808,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Leaf shape</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BFDF2FCB9FCAD1F5B" box="[636,797,786,825]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FDF2FC83FD621F5B" bold="true" box="[636,722,808,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Leaf base</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BFCCEFCB9FBA41F5B" box="[832,1044,786,825]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FCCEFC83FC751F5B" bold="true" box="[832,965,808,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Leaf lobe apex</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BFBB4FCB9FB631F5B" box="[1082,1235,786,825]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FBB4FCB9FB2B1F5B" bold="true" box="[1082,1179,786,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Secondary leaf lobing</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BFB62FCB9FACB1F5B" box="[1260,1403,786,825]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FB62FCB9FAD01F5B" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Total calyx (lobe) length</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BFA02FCB9F9811F5B" box="[1420,1585,786,825]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FA02FC83F9971F5B" bold="true" box="[1420,1575,808,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Calyx lobe shape</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BF9B1FCB9F9631F5B" box="[1599,1747,786,825]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1F9B1FC83F97F1F5B" bold="true" box="[1599,1743,808,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Calyx lobe apex</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BF88DFCB9F8C41F5B" box="[1795,1908,786,825]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1F88DFCB9F88F1F41" bold="true" box="[1795,1855,786,803]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Prickle</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1F8CBFCB9F8E71F41" box="[1861,1879,786,803]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">#</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1F8D3FCB9F8811F5B" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">on calyx</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFCB002BFF15FCFBF8C41F1A" box="[155,1908,848,888]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BFF15FCFBFF6E1F1A" box="[155,222,848,888]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCBFFD1FF15FCFBFF6E1F03" box="[155,222,848,865]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aureitomentosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF15FCFBFF6E1F03" box="[155,222,848,865]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFF6AFCFBFEDA1F1A" box="[228,362,848,888]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF6AFCFBFEDA1F03" box="[228,362,848,865]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">aureitomentosum</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFE28FCFBFE581F1A" box="[422,488,848,888]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ovate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFDF2FCFBFCAD1F1A" box="[636,797,848,888]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">obtuse to cordate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFCCEFCFBFBA41F1A" box="[832,1044,848,888]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">rounded to obtuse</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFBB4FCFBFB631F1A" box="[1082,1235,848,888]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">absent</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFB62FCFBFACB1F1A" box="[1260,1403,848,888]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">12–19 (7–10) mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFA02FCFBF9811F1A" box="[1420,1585,848,888]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ovate to oblong and leafy</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF9B1FCFBF90D1F1A" box="[1599,1725,848,888]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">obtuse</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF88DFCFBF8C41F1A" box="[1795,1908,848,888]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">30–60</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFCB002BFF15FC23F8C41FCD" box="[155,1908,904,943]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BFF15FC23FF6E1FCD" box="[155,222,904,943]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCBFFD1FF15FC23FF6E1FFB" box="[155,222,904,921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campylacanthum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF15FC23FF6E1FFB" box="[155,222,904,921]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFF6AFC23FEDA1FCD" box="[228,362,904,943]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF6AFC23FED91FFB" box="[228,361,904,921]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">campylacanthum</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFE28FC23FD891FCD" box="[422,569,904,943]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ovate to elliptic or lanceolate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFDF2FC23FCAD1FCD" box="[636,797,904,943]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">rounded to cordate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFCCEFC23FBA41FCD" box="[832,1044,904,943]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">rounded, sometimes acute</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFBB4FC23FB631FCD" box="[1082,1235,904,943]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">absent</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFB62FC23FACB1FCD" box="[1260,1403,904,943]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7–15 (5–10) mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFA02FC23F9811FCD" box="[1420,1585,904,943]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">deltate to narrowly deltate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF9B1FC23F90D1FCD" box="[1599,1725,904,943]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">acute to obtuse acuminate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF94DFC23F9631FCD" box="[1731,1747,904,943]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">or</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF88DFC23F8C41FCD" box="[1795,1908,904,943]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFCB002BFF15FC6BF8C41F85" box="[155,1908,960,999]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-10="1">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BFF15FC6BFF6E1F85" box="[155,222,960,999]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCBFFD1FF15FC6BFF6E1FB3" box="[155,222,960,977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerasiferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF15FC6BFF6E1FB3" box="[155,222,960,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFF6AFC6BFEDA1F85" box="[228,362,960,999]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF6AFC6BFE8B1FB3" box="[228,315,960,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">cerasiferum</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFE28FC6BFE581F85" box="[422,488,960,999]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ovate to</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFE61FC6BFD891F85" box="[495,569,960,999]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">elliptic</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFDF2FC6BFCAD1F85" box="[636,797,960,999]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">attenuate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFCCEFC6BFBA41F85" box="[832,1044,960,999]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">rounded to acute</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFBB4FC6BFB631F85" box="[1082,1235,960,999]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sometimes present</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFB62FC6BFACB1F85" box="[1260,1403,960,999]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7–12 (4–7) mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFA02FC6BF9811F85" box="[1420,1585,960,999]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">deltate to narrowly deltate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF9B1FC6BF90D1F85" box="[1599,1725,960,999]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">acuminate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF88DFC6BF8C41F85" box="[1795,1908,960,999]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFCB002BFF15FC5CF8C4187D" box="[155,1908,1015,1055]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BFF15FC5CFF6E187D" box="[155,222,1015,1055]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCBFFD1FF15FC5CFF6E186A" box="[155,222,1015,1032]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF15FC5CFF6E186A" box="[155,222,1015,1032]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFF6AFC5CFEDA187D" box="[228,362,1015,1055]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF6AFC5CFE96186A" box="[228,294,1015,1032]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">incanum</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFE28FC5CFE58187D" box="[422,488,1015,1055]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ovate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFDF2FC5CFCAD187D" box="[636,797,1015,1055]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">rounded to cordate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFCCEFC5CFBA4187D" box="[832,1044,1015,1055]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">rounded</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFBB4FC5CFB63187D" box="[1082,1235,1015,1055]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">absent</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFB62FC5CFACB187D" box="[1260,1403,1015,1055]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6–10 (2.5–5) mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFA02FC5CF981187D" box="[1420,1585,1015,1055]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">deltate to narrowly deltate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF9B1FC5CF90D187D" box="[1599,1725,1015,1055]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">acute to obtuse</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF88DFC5CF8C4187D" box="[1795,1908,1015,1055]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">15–60</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFCB002BFF15FB84F8C41835" box="[155,1908,1071,1111]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BFF15FB84FF6E1835" box="[155,222,1071,1111]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCBFFD1FF15FB84FF6E1822" box="[155,222,1071,1088]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF15FB84FF6E1822" box="[155,222,1071,1088]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFF6AFB84FEDA1835" box="[228,362,1071,1111]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF6AFB84FE951822" box="[228,293,1071,1088]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">insanum</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFE28FB84FE581835" box="[422,488,1071,1111]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ovate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFDF2FB84FCAD1835" box="[636,797,1071,1111]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">truncate, sometimes obtuse</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFCCEFB84FBA41835" box="[832,1044,1071,1111]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">acute (the very tips sometimes rounded)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFBB4FB84FB631835" box="[1082,1235,1071,1111]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">absent</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFB62FB84FACB1835" box="[1260,1403,1071,1111]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5–10 (4–6) mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFA02FB84F9811835" box="[1420,1585,1071,1111]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">deltate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF9B1FB84F90D1835" box="[1599,1725,1071,1111]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">acute</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF88DFB84F8C41835" box="[1795,1908,1071,1111]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0–15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFCB002BFF15FBCCF8C418ED" box="[155,1908,1127,1167]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BFF15FBCCFF6E18ED" box="[155,222,1127,1167]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCBFFD1FF15FBCCFF6E181A" box="[155,222,1127,1144]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lichtensteinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF15FBCCFF6E181A" box="[155,222,1127,1144]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFF6AFBCCFEDA18ED" box="[228,362,1127,1167]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF6AFBCCFEF2181A" box="[228,322,1127,1144]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">lichtensteinii</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFE28FBCCFE5818ED" box="[422,488,1127,1167]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ovate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFDF2FBCCFCAD18ED" box="[636,797,1127,1167]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">cordate, sometimes cuneate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFCCEFBCCFBA418ED" box="[832,1044,1127,1167]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">rounded</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFBB4FBCCFB6318ED" box="[1082,1235,1127,1167]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">absent</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFB62FBCCFACB18ED" box="[1260,1403,1127,1167]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7–15 (3.5–6) mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFA02FBCCF98118ED" box="[1420,1585,1127,1167]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">deltate to narrowly deltate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF9B1FBCCF90D18ED" box="[1599,1725,1127,1167]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">acute to obtuse</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF88DFBCCF8C418ED" box="[1795,1908,1127,1167]" gridcol="11" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">20–50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFCB002BFF15FB34F8C418BF" box="[155,1908,1183,1245]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BFF15FB34FF6E18BF" box="[155,222,1183,1245]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCBFFD1FF15FB34FF6E18D2" box="[155,222,1183,1200]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linnaeanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF15FB34FF6E18D2" box="[155,222,1183,1200]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFF6AFB34FEDA18BF" box="[228,362,1183,1245]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF6AFB34FE8F18D2" box="[228,319,1183,1200]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">linnaeanum</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFE28FB34FD8918BF" box="[422,569,1183,1245]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">elliptic, sometimes ovate or obovate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFDF2FB34FCAD18BF" box="[636,797,1183,1245]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">cuneate or obtuse</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFCCEFB34FBA418BF" box="[832,1044,1183,1245]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">rounded</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFBB4FB34FB6318BF" box="[1082,1235,1183,1245]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">always present and often well-developed</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFB62FB34FACB18BF" box="[1260,1403,1183,1245]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">10–14 (5–6) mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFA02FB34F98118BF" box="[1420,1585,1183,1245]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">deltate to ovate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF9B1FB34F96318BF" box="[1599,1747,1183,1245]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">acute to rounded</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF88DFB34F8C418BF" box="[1795,1908,1183,1245]" gridcol="11" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">30–100</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFCB002BFF15FB46F8C41977" box="[155,1908,1261,1301]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BFF15FB46FF6E1977" box="[155,222,1261,1301]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCBFFD1FF15FB46FF6E189C" box="[155,222,1261,1278]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF15FB46FF6E189C" box="[155,222,1261,1278]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFF6AFB46FEDA1977" box="[228,362,1261,1301]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF6AFB46FE89189C" box="[228,313,1261,1278]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">melongena</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFE28FB46FE581977" box="[422,488,1261,1301]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ovate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFDF2FB46FCAD1977" box="[636,797,1261,1301]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">cordate to obtuse</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFCCEFB46FBA41977" box="[832,1044,1261,1301]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">rounded</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFBB4FB46FB631977" box="[1082,1235,1261,1301]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">absent</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFB62FB46FACB1977" box="[1260,1403,1261,1301]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">10–40 (5–17) mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFA02FB46F9811977" box="[1420,1585,1261,1301]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">deltate to narrowly deltate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF9B1FB46F8C41977" box="[1599,1908,1261,1301]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">acute to long-acuminate0(230)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFCB002BFF15FA8EF8C41954" box="[155,1908,1317,1334]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BFF15FA8EFF6E1954" box="[155,222,1317,1334]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCBFFD1FF15FA8EFF6E1954" box="[155,222,1317,1334]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF15FA8EFF6E1954" box="[155,222,1317,1334]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFF6AFA8EFEDA1954" box="[228,362,1317,1334]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF6AFA8EFEAF1954" box="[228,287,1317,1334]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">rigidum</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFE28FA8EFE581954" box="[422,488,1317,1334]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">elliptic</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFDF2FA8EFCAD1954" box="[636,797,1317,1334]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">attenuate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFCCEFA8EFBA41954" box="[832,1044,1317,1334]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">acute</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFBB4FA8EFB631954" box="[1082,1235,1317,1334]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">absent</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFB62FA8EFACB1954" box="[1260,1403,1317,1334]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">10–12.5 (6–7) mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFA02FA8EF9811954" box="[1420,1585,1317,1334]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">narrowly triangular</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF9B1FA8EF90D1954" box="[1599,1725,1317,1334]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">acuminate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF88DFA8EF8C41954" box="[1795,1908,1317,1334]" gridcol="11" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5–25</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFCB002BFF15FAEDF8C41935" box="[155,1908,1350,1367]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFCB002BFF15FAEDFF6E1935" box="[155,222,1350,1367]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFCBFFD1FF15FAEDFF6E1935" box="[155,222,1350,1367]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umtuma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF15FAEDFF6E1935" box="[155,222,1350,1367]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFF6AFAEDFEDA1935" box="[228,362,1350,1367]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFCBFFD1FF6AFAEDFE951935" box="[228,293,1350,1367]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">umtuma</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFE28FAEDFE581935" box="[422,488,1350,1367]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">elliptic</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFDF2FAEDFCAD1935" box="[636,797,1350,1367]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">cuneate to truncate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFCCEFAEDFBA41935" box="[832,1044,1350,1367]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">obtuse to acute</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFBB4FAEDFB631935" box="[1082,1235,1350,1367]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">often present</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFB62FAEDFACB1935" box="[1260,1403,1350,1367]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">11–22 (7–10) mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BFA02FAEDF9811935" box="[1420,1585,1350,1367]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ovate and leafy</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF9B1FAEDF90D1935" box="[1599,1725,1350,1367]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">obtuse</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFCB002BF88DFAEDF8C41935" box="[1795,1908,1350,1367]" gridcol="11" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">30–80</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFCBFFD1FF15FADEFE7B19E4" box="[155,459,1397,1414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<tableNote id="76CF2CD6FFCBFFD1FF15FADEFE7B19E4" box="[155,459,1397,1414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[155,1908,786,1367]" targetPageId="5">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057039.t002</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF567DD0FFC8FFD2FF25FF05FB2E1CA1" ID-Table-UUID="DF567DD0FFC8FFD2FF25FF05FB2E1CA1" box="[171,1182,174,195]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF567DD0FFC8FFD2FF25FF05FB2E1CA1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[171,235,174,195]" targetBox="[171,1387,258,515]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC8FFD2FF25FF05FB2E1CA1" box="[171,1182,174,195]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FF25FF05FEB71CA1" bold="true" box="[171,263,174,195]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Table 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Character suite for distinguishing ambiguous specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FCFEFF05FC6C1CA1" box="[880,988,174,195]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FCFEFF05FC6C1CA1" box="[880,988,174,195]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. insanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FB9CFF05FB2A1CA1" box="[1042,1178,174,195]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">S. melongena</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC8FFD2FF25FEA9FC171E61" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<table id="F929DFF8FFC8002BFF25FEA9FADB1E61" box="[171,1387,258,515]" gridcols="3" gridrows="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFC8002BFF25FEA9FADB1D71" box="[171,1387,258,275]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFC8002BFF25FEA9FEDC1D71" box="[171,364,258,275]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FF25FEA9FEB21D71" bold="true" box="[171,258,258,275]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Character</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFC8002BFE6BFEA9FD6D1D71" box="[485,733,258,275]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FE6BFEA9FDC81D71" box="[485,632,258,275]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FE6BFEA9FDC81D71" bold="true" box="[485,632,258,275]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum insanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFC8002BFCE3FEA9FADB1D71" box="[877,1387,258,275]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FCE3FEA9FBA61D71" authority="Stems" authorityName="Stems" box="[877,1046,258,275]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FCE3FEA9FBA61D71" bold="true" box="[877,1046,258,275]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum melongena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFC8002BFF25FE81FADB1D59" box="[171,1387,298,315]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFC8002BFF25FE81FEDC1D59" box="[171,364,298,315]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Stems</th>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFC8002BFE6BFE81FD6D1D59" box="[485,733,298,315]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">prickly</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFC8002BFCE3FE81FADB1D59" box="[877,1387,298,315]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">smooth</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFC8002BFF25FEE0FADB1D3E" box="[171,1387,331,348]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFC8002BFF25FEE0FEDC1D3E" box="[171,364,331,348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Leaf lobes</th>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFC8002BFE6BFEE0FD6D1D3E" box="[485,733,331,348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">acute</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFC8002BFCE3FEE0FADB1D3E" box="[877,1387,331,348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">obtuse</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFC8002BFF25FEC6FADB1D1C" box="[171,1387,365,382]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFC8002BFF25FEC6FEDC1D1C" box="[171,364,365,382]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Leaf base</th>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFC8002BFE6BFEC6FD6D1D1C" box="[485,733,365,382]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">truncate or acute</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFC8002BFCE3FEC6FADB1D1C" box="[877,1387,365,382]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">cordate to obtuse</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFC8002BFF25FE25FADB1DFD" box="[171,1387,398,415]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFC8002BFF25FE25FEDC1DFD" box="[171,364,398,415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FF25FE25FF0A1DFD" box="[171,186,398,415]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">#</emphasis>
|
||
of long-styled flowers
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFC8002BFE6BFE25FD6D1DFD" box="[485,733,398,415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1–4</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFC8002BFCE3FE25FADB1DFD" box="[877,1387,398,415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">only 1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFC8002BFF25FE04FADB1DA2" box="[171,1387,431,448]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFC8002BFF25FE04FEDC1DA2" box="[171,364,431,448]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Flowers</th>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFC8002BFE6BFE04FD6D1DA2" box="[485,733,431,448]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">strictly 5-merous</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFC8002BFCE3FE04FADB1DA2" box="[877,1387,431,448]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fasciated (with supernumerary parts)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFC8002BFF25FE7BFADB1D83" box="[171,1387,464,481]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFC8002BFF25FE7BFEDC1D83" box="[171,364,464,481]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fruit size</th>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFC8002BFE6BFE7BFD6D1D83" box="[485,733,464,481]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1–3 cm in diameter and length</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFC8002BFCE3FE7BFADB1D83" box="[877,1387,464,481]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">larger than 3 cm in diameter and/or longer than 3 cm in length</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35192F1AFFC8002BFF25FE59FADB1E61" box="[171,1387,498,515]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="76C84666FFC8002BFF25FE59FEDC1E61" box="[171,364,498,515]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fruit pulp</th>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFC8002BFE6BFE59FD6D1E61" box="[485,733,498,515]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">green and jelly-like</td>
|
||
<td id="76C84666FFC8002BFCE3FE59FADB1E61" box="[877,1387,498,515]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">spongy</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC8FFD2FF25FD8BFE6A1E53" box="[171,474,544,561]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<tableNote id="76CF2CD6FFC8FFD2FF25FD8BFE6A1E53" box="[171,474,544,561]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[171,1387,258,515]" targetPageId="6">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057039.t003</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC8FFD2FF3DFBB1FE521AF5" blockId="6.[155,794,602,1687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Crossability of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FEC1FBB1FE441852" box="[335,500,1050,1072]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campylacanthum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FEC1FBB1FE441852" box="[335,500,1050,1072]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. campylacanthum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with other members of the group has proved difficult [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC8FFD2FE27FB9DFE75182E" author="Lester RN & Hazan SMZ" box="[425,453,1078,1100]" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="521 - 523" part="39" refId="ref11326" refString="40. Lester RN, Hazan SMZ (1990) The distinction between Solanum incanum L. and Solanum insanum L. Taxon 39: 521 - 523." title="The distinction between Solanum incanum L. and Solanum insanum L" type="journal article" year="1990">40</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] and one-way pre-zygotic barriers have been suggested as the reason for this failure of fruit set in crosses with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FE97FBC5FEC818E6" box="[281,376,1134,1156]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FE97FBC5FEC818E6" box="[281,376,1134,1156]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. incanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FE21FBC5FD9D18E6" box="[431,557,1134,1156]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lichtensteinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FE21FBC5FD9D18E6" box="[431,557,1134,1156]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. lichtensteinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC8FFD2FDB0FBC5FDEA18E6" author="Samuels J" box="[574,602,1134,1156]" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 11" part="67" refId="ref11037" refString="31. Samuels J (2012) Solanum incanum s. l. (Solanaceae): taxonomic relationships between S. incanum, S. campylacanthum, S. panduriforme and S. lichtensteinii. Kew Bull 67: 1 - 11." title="Solanum incanum s. l. (Solanaceae): taxonomic relationships between S. incanum, S. campylacanthum, S. panduriforme and S. lichtensteinii" type="journal article" year="2012">31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. It is possible that some of these difficulties could be due to ploidy differences within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FF15FB0DFE8C18DE" box="[155,316,1190,1212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campylacanthum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FF15FB0DFE8C18DE" box="[155,316,1190,1212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. campylacanthum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Anaso and Uzo [41,42] reported tetraploidy in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FF15FB69FE8B18BA" box="[155,315,1218,1240]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campylacanthum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FF15FB69FE8B18BA" box="[155,315,1218,1240]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. campylacanthum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Nigeria (reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FDCFFB69FD2E18BA" box="[577,670,1218,1240]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FDCFFB69FD2E18BA" box="[577,670,1218,1240]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. incanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); their study illustrates the problems with inconsistent application of names in this group, they compared wild tetraploid ‘‘S. incanum’’ (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FC86FB52FE931949" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campylacanthum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FC86FB52FE931949" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. campylacanthum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with cultivated diploid ‘‘S. incanum’’ (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FC86FABEFF4B1925" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FC86FABEFF4B1925" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. aethiopicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., the unrelated scarlet eggplant). Fortunately they illustrated the plants used in the studies and identification of their material is clear even in the absence of vouchers. There has been an assumption that all relatives are, like the eggplant itself, diploid and earlier cytogenetic studies have not explicitly cited vouchers for counts of ‘‘S. incanum’’ so verification of identities of taxa counted is difficult. Ploidy level variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FDF7FA72FD70198C" box="[633,704,1497,1518]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FDF7FA72FD70198C" box="[633,704,1497,1518]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most common in the potatoes, where the cultivated potato has a number of ploidy forms and wild species vary from diploid to hexaploid [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC8FFD2FE84F986FE961A21" author="Simon R & Xie CH & Clausen A & Jansky S & Halterman D" box="[266,294,1581,1603]" journalOrPublisher="Invasive Pl Sci Managem" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="286 - 293" part="3" refId="ref10324" refString="12. Simon R, Xie CH, Clausen A, Jansky S, Halterman D, et al. (2010) Wild and cultivated potato (Solanum sect. Petota) escaped and persistent outside of its natural range. Invasive Pl Sci Managem 3: 286 - 293." title="Wild and cultivated potato (Solanum sect. Petota) escaped and persistent outside of its natural range" type="journal article" year="2010">12</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], and in the Morelloid clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FDD7F986FD7C1A21" authority="L." authorityName="L." box="[601,716,1581,1603]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FDD7F986FD1D1A20" box="[601,685,1581,1602]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. nigrum</emphasis>
|
||
L.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its relatives; see [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC8FFD2FEA3F9E2FEF91A3D" author="Manoko MLK" box="[301,329,1609,1631]" journalOrPublisher="Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref11405" refString="43. Manoko MLK (2007) A systematic study of African Solanum L. section Solanum (Solanaceae). PhD thesis, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands." title="A systematic study of African Solanum L. section Solanum (Solanaceae)" type="book" year="2007">43</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]), but it also occurs in some species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FF15F9CEFE881A19" authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1921" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" box="[155,312,1637,1659]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Leptostemonum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Leptostemonum</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade, particularly in widespread weedy species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FF67F92AFE1C1AF5" authority="Cav." authorityName="Cav." box="[233,428,1665,1687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elaeagnifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FF67F92AFEC61AF4" box="[233,374,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. elaeagnifolium</emphasis>
|
||
Cav.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC8FFD2FE34F92AFE681AF5" author="Scaldaferro M & Chiarini F & Santinaque JF & Bernadello G & Moscone E" box="[442,472,1665,1687]" journalOrPublisher="Genet Resour Crop Evol" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1833 - 1847" part="69" refId="ref11437" refString="44. Scaldaferro M, Chiarini F, Santinaque JF, Bernadello G, Moscone E (2012) Geographical pattern and ploidy levels of the weed Solanum elaeagnifolium (Solanaceae) in Argentina. Genet Resour Crop Evol 69: 1833 - 1847." title="Geographical pattern and ploidy levels of the weed Solanum elaeagnifolium (Solanaceae) in Argentina" type="journal article" year="2012">44</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |