364 lines
52 KiB
XML
364 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="0A87FB19AEBC465980D15C053F13F1B3" ID-CLB-Dataset="7393" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4944.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8adfa0f6-06a7-44b5-a3be-351d0bdc7a62" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681813" ID-ZooBank="380D2F75-D4F9-4974-97E2-25E0C62CB3B0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615997073071" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. & Kawahara, Akito Y." docDate="2021" docId="038087CBFFD40734FF7595F6FC19A354" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4944.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4944 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Philodoria wilkesiella Sweszey 1940" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FFB9FFB3FFEE070FFFE29409FF89A136" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1698933850732" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7D6266EE72781B96F53558177692B73D">Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="83D9E32839ED424CA19E169A3B9EB338">Kobayashi, Shigeki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5D1FB4D64EC2BCE94E925677F97EE3CA">Johns, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A3E2FC86B67F024EDBAEE817E7953922">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD40735FF7595F6FDC0A32F" box="[151,585,511,538]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD40735FF7595F6FDC0A32F" blockId="58.[151,642,511,574]" box="[151,585,511,538]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD40735FF7595F6FDC0A32F" ID-CoL="4G8P5" authority="Swezey, 1940" authorityName="Sweszey" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,585,511,538]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkesiella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FF7595F6FDC0A32F" bold="true" box="[151,585,511,538]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FF7595F6FE17A32C" bold="true" box="[151,414,511,538]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Philodoria wilkesiella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD40735FE4495F6FDC0A32F" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[422,585,511,537]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="461 - 465" refId="ref102730" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1940) New species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceeding Hawaiian Entomological Society, 10 (3), 461 - 465." type="journal article" year="1940">Swezey, 1940</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD40735FF75962AFD0BA30B" box="[151,642,547,574]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD40735FF75962AFD0BA30B" blockId="58.[151,642,511,574]" box="[151,642,547,574]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FF75962AFE81A30B" box="[151,264,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,924,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-296@27.[151,1437,920,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 12. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. pipturiana Swezey, 1923 lectotype male, left lateral view, B Same right lateral view, C Same dorsal view, D P. wilkesiella Swezey, 1940 lectotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681837/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figs. 12D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FEF6962AFECEA30B" box="[276,327,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1720,1744]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,185,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-20@49.[191,1395,181,1696]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 26. Forewing pattern variation in Philodoria. Specimens from recent collection efforts that were preserved in ethanol or RNA stabilization reagent, originally for molecular studies. Wings were placed without mountant under a coverslip. A P. succedanea (sex unknown, CJ419), B P. auromagnifica, male (CJ148/SK689), C P. basalis, female (CJ410), D P. splendida, female (CJ488a), host: Syzygium sp., E P. splendida (sex unknown, CJ488b), host: Syzygium sp., F P. molokaiensis, male (CJ509b/ SK667), G P. sp. A nr. P. lysimachiella, female (CJ346a/SK753), H P. lysimachiella, female (CJ530), lateral view, I P. pipturiella, female (CJ529), J Same species, male (CJ529), K P. haelaauensis, female (CJ209), L Same species, female (CJ216), M P. floscula, female (CJ426/SK845), N P. wilkesiella, male (CJ009/SK649), O P. epibathra, male (CJ506a/SK678), P Same species, female (CJ506b/SK681). Arrows point to diagnostic characters of species: black patch at base (A), basal fascia (D), transverse fasciae (tf) (F, G), white spot (ws) (I, J), white patch (K–M). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681867/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">26N</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FEB0962AFE0CA30B" box="[338,389,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,191,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-23@82.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 47. Left valva of Philodoria, inner view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu SK726, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681913/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">47A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FE72962AFE4AA30B" box="[400,451,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,187,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-23@90.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 48. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella Oahu SK684, H P. naenaeiella paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681915/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">48A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FE2C962AFD88A30B" box="[462,513,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,189,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@91.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 49. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK812, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733 E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681917/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">49A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FDEF962AFDB6A308" box="[525,575,547,574]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="109.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,193,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-20@109.[152,1435,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURE 58. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. wilkesiella, SK761, B P. epibathra, SK679, C P. dubauticola, SK645, D Same species, PHIL0008, E P. dubautiella, SK692, F P. alakaiensis, paratype, SK659, G Same species, lateral view, H P. hibiscella, SK723, I P. naenaeiella, SK703, J Same species, SK834, K P. knudseniiella, paratype, SK863, L P. hesperomanniella, paratype, SK832, M Same species, SK620." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681935/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">58A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FDA9962AFDF6A30B" box="[587,639,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 88" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1491,1515]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,186,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-23@150.[149,1439,181,1467]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 88. Asteraceae-mining Philodoria with thier host plants. A: P. wilkesiella, West Maui, host: Argyroxiphium grayanum, B–F: P. dubauticola, Haelaau, Maui, same series as CJ073, 074, 077 079, 080, 082–084, 094,111, 255, 256, host: Dubautia laxa, G, H: P. naenaeiella Poamoho, Oahu, same series as CJ130, 131, 140, 142, host: Dubautia sp. 1, I–L: Unidentified Philodoria species, J, K: East Oahu, host: Dubautia sp. 2, I: Eke, Maui, host: D. laxa, L: Kamakou, Molokai. A Old mines and cocoons, B, L Young mine, C, H, J, K Mine of late instar larva, G, D, E, I Mature mine, F Cocoon by final instar larva.Arrows point to cocoon (A) and mine (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682000/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">88A</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD40735FF759661FBCCA3B6" box="[151,1093,615,640]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD40735FF759661FBCCA3B6" blockId="58.[151,1093,615,640]" box="[151,1093,615,640]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3911F3FFD40735FF759661FBCCA3B6" box="[151,1093,615,640]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFD40735FF759661FDFDA349" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[151,628,615,640]" page="465" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" year="1940">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD40735FF759661FDFDA349" ID-CoL="4G8P5" authority="Swezey, 1940: 464 - 465" authorityName="Sweszey" authorityPageNumber="464 - 465" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,628,615,640]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkesiella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FF759661FEFEA3B6" box="[151,375,616,640]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Philodoria wilkesiella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD40735FE9C9661FDFDA349" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[382,628,615,640]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="461 - 465" refId="ref102730" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1940) New species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceeding Hawaiian Entomological Society, 10 (3), 461 - 465." type="journal article" year="1940">Swezey, 1940: 464–465</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFD40735FD9C9661FCFCA3B6" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[638,885,616,640]" page="718" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" year="1978">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD40735FD9C9661FCFCA3B6" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[638,885,616,640]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a: 718</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs. 467, 473, 480.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD40735FF7596A7FDC9A5F4" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD40735FF7596A7FD98A3FF" blockId="58.[151,1437,686,2013]" box="[151,529,686,713]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FF7596A7FEBFA3FE" bold="true" box="[151,310,686,712]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FF7596A7FF5BA3FE" box="[151,210,686,712]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Puu Kukui (Maui).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD40735FF2596DBFD3FA560" blockId="58.[151,1437,686,2013]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FF2596DBFEFDA3DA" bold="true" box="[199,372,722,748]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Type material.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FE9896DAFE63A3DB" box="[378,490,723,749]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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♂, Puu Kukui, Maui,
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<date id="FF97101DFFD40735FD0296DBFCEAA3DA" box="[736,867,722,748]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1928-12-20">20.xii.1928</date>
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, O.H. Swezey Collector,
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD40735FB9E96DBFAB7A3DA" box="[1148,1342,722,748]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Wilkesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grayana">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FB9E96DBFAB7A3DA" box="[1148,1342,722,748]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Wilkesia grayana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD40735FABC96DBFE0BA226" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Argyroxiphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grayanum">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FABC96DBFE0BA226" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Argyroxiphium grayanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), |
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FE7996FFFD8EA226" box="[411,519,758,784]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD40735FDEF96FFFCFDA226" authority="Sweszey" authorityName="Sweszey" authorityYear="1940" box="[525,884,758,784]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkesiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FDEF96FFFC8CA226" box="[525,773,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Philodoria wilkesiella</emphasis>
|
||
Sweszey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|, Type no.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD40735FC0A96FFFBB4A226" box="[1000,1085,758,784]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.085596" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="in" value="4274.0">4274 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD40735FBA196FEFB1DA227" box="[1091,1172,759,785]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FB7D96FFFABEA226" box="[1183,1335,758,784]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
missing. Described from nine specimens reared from mines in leaves of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD40735FC979713FB5AA202" authority="", Puu Kukui" authorityName="Puu Kukui" box="[885,1235,794,821]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Wilkesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grayana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FC979713FBB3A202" box="[885,1082,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Wilkesia grayana</emphasis>
|
||
”, Puu Kukui
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Maui,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFD40735FACB9713FF74A26F" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1928-12-20">December 20, 1928</date>
|
||
. Given the manner in which the description was written, Swezey considered these specimens as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FAD89737FA15A26E" box="[1338,1436,830,856]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FF25976AFEBCA24B" box="[199,309,867,893]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, as indicated on their specimen label. However, because a
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FC26976AFBAFA24B" box="[964,1062,867,893]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was not formally specified in the description, the so-labeled
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FE28978EFDA5A297" box="[458,556,903,929]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is to be considered
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FCF1978EFCE3A297" box="[787,874,903,929]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
under Article 73.2 of the Code(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD40735FB35978EFAD6A297" author="ICZN" box="[1239,1375,903,929]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref101112" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD40735FB35978EFA93A297" box="[1239,1306,903,929]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and either is eligible for designation as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FDA897A2FD38A2F3" box="[586,689,939,965]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
under Article 74 of the Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD40735FBE497A2FB05A2F3" author="ICZN" box="[1030,1164,939,965]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref101112" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD40735FBE497A2FBC0A2F3" box="[1030,1097,939,965]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We formally designate the specimen bearing the label ‘Holotype’ as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FD5297C6FC9EA2DF" box="[688,791,975,1001]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FCC697C6FC00A2DF" box="[804,905,975,1001]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,924,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-296@27.[151,1437,920,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 12. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. pipturiana Swezey, 1923 lectotype male, left lateral view, B Same right lateral view, C Same dorsal view, D P. wilkesiella Swezey, 1940 lectotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681837/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the remaining
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FB8697D9FB4FA2DC" box="[1124,1222,976,1002]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FB1197C6FA11A2DF" box="[1267,1432,975,1001]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD40735FF7597FAFE09A53B" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[151,384,1011,1037]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrated the genital character with photographs:
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FC5E97FDFB95A538" box="[956,1052,1012,1038]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
male, slide no. Z-XII-19-62-18 8, fig. 473;
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FF199011FED2A504" box="[251,347,1048,1074]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
female, Z-XII-19-62-19, ostial plate (corpus bursae missing), fig. 480. We were unable to find the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FF759035FF7EA560" box="[151,247,1084,1110]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens and genital slides in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD40735FD829035FD38A560" box="[608,689,1084,1110]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD40735FF259056FDC9A5F4" blockId="58.[151,1437,686,2013]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FF259056FE37A54F" bold="true" box="[199,446,1119,1145]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFD40735FE289056FDB5A5F4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273398" collectingDate="2013-04-10" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="C. A. Johns" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4">
|
||
5 (3♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFD40735FDC09069FDCDA54C" box="[546,580,1120,1146]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) All specimens preserved in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD40735FC429069FC78A54C" box="[928,1009,1120,1146]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
. 3♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFD40735FBD79069FBD3A54C" box="[1077,1114,1120,1146]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFD40735FB899056FB43A54F" box="[1131,1226,1119,1145]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Haelaau</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFD40735FB3B9056FA9EA54F" box="[1241,1303,1119,1145]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Maui</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFD40735FAC49056FA15A54F" box="[1318,1436,1119,1145]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="2013-04-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFD40735FAC49056FA15A54F" box="[1318,1436,1119,1145]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="2013-04-10">10.iv.2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(stored),
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFD40735FF1F908DFEF0A5A8" box="[253,377,1156,1182]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C.A. Johns</collectorName>
|
||
leg., adult
|
||
<collectedFrom id="38357520FFD40735FE1A908DFCE1A5A8" box="[504,872,1156,1182]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD40735FDF9908DFCE1A5A8" authority=", CJ" authorityName="CJ" box="[539,872,1156,1182]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Argyroxiphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grayanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FDF9908DFCB5A5AB" box="[539,828,1156,1182]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Argyroxiphium grayanum</emphasis>
|
||
, CJ
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
007 / SK647♂, CJ009 / SK648♂, CJ010 / SK649, CJ012 / SK650, CJ013 / PHIL0007♂
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD40735FF2590C5FD39A4AD" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD40735FF2590C5FD39A4AD" blockId="58.[151,1437,686,2013]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FF2590C5FECBA5D0" bold="true" box="[199,322,1228,1254]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Brownish fuscous ground color with a number of white spots on the forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FB4890C5FA98A5D0" box="[1194,1297,1228,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,924,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-296@27.[151,1437,920,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 12. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. pipturiana Swezey, 1923 lectotype male, left lateral view, B Same right lateral view, C Same dorsal view, D P. wilkesiella Swezey, 1940 lectotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681837/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD40735FAC190C5FEE5A43C" authority="Swezey" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipturiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FAC190C5FE84A43C" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Philodoria pipturiana</emphasis>
|
||
Swezey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar in color pattern of its forewing, but distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD40735FBB790F8FB60A43C" authorityName="Sweszey" authorityYear="1940" box="[1109,1257,1264,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkesiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FBB790F8FB60A43C" box="[1109,1257,1264,1290]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P. wilkesiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its dark fuscous ground color and a white longitudinal basal streak (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FCF3911DFC13A418" box="[785,922,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,924,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-296@27.[151,1437,920,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 12. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. pipturiana Swezey, 1923 lectotype male, left lateral view, B Same right lateral view, C Same dorsal view, D P. wilkesiella Swezey, 1940 lectotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681837/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 12A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Genital characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD40735FB7F911CFAB9A418" authorityName="Sweszey" authorityYear="1940" box="[1181,1328,1300,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkesiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FB7F911CFAB9A418" box="[1181,1328,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P. wilkesiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble Asteraceae-feeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD40735FE9B9131FE7BA464" box="[377,498,1336,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FE9B9131FE7BA464" box="[377,498,1336,1362]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD40735FD749130FC3FA464" authority="Walsingham" authorityName="Walsingham" box="[662,950,1336,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epibathra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FD749130FCABA464" box="[662,802,1336,1362]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P. epibathra</emphasis>
|
||
Walsingham
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD40735FC109130FA80A464" authority="(Swezey)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1010,1289,1336,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naenaeiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FC109130FB1AA464" box="[1010,1171,1336,1362]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P. naenaeiella</emphasis>
|
||
(Swezey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, it differs in having a valva with a broad apical half and a shorter male saccus. The female has a semicircular shaped lamella antevaginalis and shorter ductus bursae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD40735FF2591ADFE40A6EB" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD40735FF2591ADFB27A78A" blockId="58.[151,1437,686,2013]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FF2591ADFE48A488" bold="true" box="[199,449,1444,1470]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Redescription: Adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FE3391ACFDB1A489" box="[465,568,1445,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,924,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-296@27.[151,1437,920,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 12. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. pipturiana Swezey, 1923 lectotype male, left lateral view, B Same right lateral view, C Same dorsal view, D P. wilkesiella Swezey, 1940 lectotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681837/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FDA191ACFDF1A4F6" box="[579,632,1445,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1720,1744]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,185,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-20@49.[191,1395,181,1696]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 26. Forewing pattern variation in Philodoria. Specimens from recent collection efforts that were preserved in ethanol or RNA stabilization reagent, originally for molecular studies. Wings were placed without mountant under a coverslip. A P. succedanea (sex unknown, CJ419), B P. auromagnifica, male (CJ148/SK689), C P. basalis, female (CJ410), D P. splendida, female (CJ488a), host: Syzygium sp., E P. splendida (sex unknown, CJ488b), host: Syzygium sp., F P. molokaiensis, male (CJ509b/ SK667), G P. sp. A nr. P. lysimachiella, female (CJ346a/SK753), H P. lysimachiella, female (CJ530), lateral view, I P. pipturiella, female (CJ529), J Same species, male (CJ529), K P. haelaauensis, female (CJ209), L Same species, female (CJ216), M P. floscula, female (CJ426/SK845), N P. wilkesiella, male (CJ009/SK649), O P. epibathra, male (CJ506a/SK678), P Same species, female (CJ506b/SK681). Arrows point to diagnostic characters of species: black patch at base (A), basal fascia (D), transverse fasciae (tf) (F, G), white spot (ws) (I, J), white patch (K–M). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681867/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">26N</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wingspan
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD40735FCE091ACFCCAA489" box="[770,835,1445,1471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in type series; forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD40735FB4591ACFA82A489" box="[1191,1291,1445,1472]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="3.25">3.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FACD91ACFA10A489" box="[1327,1433,1445,1471]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Head white; frons white with some brownish scales; maxillary palpus reduced; labial palpus white with a few brownish scales externally. Antenna grayish fuscous, 1.2–1.3x length of forewing. Thorax white with brownish scales at the sides, white beneath. Forewing brownish fuscous with a number of white spots: three dorsal ones, the smaller one near base, two outwardly oblique larger spots at 1/3 and 3/5; a narrow elongate spot at about middle of the costa, two or three white costal spots towards apex, a small transverse white spot at apex and sometimes two or three small spots preceding this in apical area of wing. Cilia gray, dark at base, with a few white scales in vicinity of white spots. Hindwing uniform gray. Abdomen gray. Legs gray, with tarsi banded with white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD40735FF2592CFFDAFA67A" blockId="58.[151,1437,686,2013]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FF2592CFFEFBA7E9" bold="true" box="[199,370,1733,1760]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FE6092CFFE7CA7D6" box="[386,501,1734,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,191,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-23@82.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 47. Left valva of Philodoria, inner view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu SK726, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681913/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figs. 47A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FDE292CFFDBDA7D6" box="[512,564,1734,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,187,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-23@90.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 48. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella Oahu SK684, H P. naenaeiella paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681915/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">48A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FDDD92CFFDF8A7D6" box="[575,625,1734,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,189,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@91.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 49. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK812, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733 E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681917/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">49A</figureCitation>
|
||
) (n=3). Capsule
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD40735FCCD92CFFC03A7D6" box="[815,906,1734,1760]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="620.0">620 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Tegumen 0.7 x length of valva; valva tapering along costal margin from base 2/5 to apex; along the inner side of valva, a series of small spines arranged; apical half of valva straight in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FDD29307FD11A61E" box="[560,664,1806,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,191,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-23@82.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 47. Left valva of Philodoria, inner view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu SK726, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681913/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 47A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Saccus short, stick-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FC3C9307FBCCA61E" box="[990,1093,1806,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,187,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-23@90.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 48. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella Oahu SK684, H P. naenaeiella paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681915/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 48A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Phallus
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD40735FB529307FA8FA61F" box="[1200,1286,1806,1833]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="570.0">570 µm</quantity>
|
||
long, slender with developed coecum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FE52933BFD90A67A" box="[432,537,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,189,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@91.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 49. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK812, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733 E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681917/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 49A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD40735FF25935FFE40A6EB" blockId="58.[151,1437,686,2013]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FF25935FFE06A646" bold="true" box="[199,399,1878,1904]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD40735FE43935FFD80A647" box="[417,521,1878,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="109.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,193,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-20@109.[152,1435,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURE 58. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. wilkesiella, SK761, B P. epibathra, SK679, C P. dubauticola, SK645, D Same species, PHIL0008, E P. dubautiella, SK692, F P. alakaiensis, paratype, SK659, G Same species, lateral view, H P. hibiscella, SK723, I P. naenaeiella, SK703, J Same species, SK834, K P. knudseniiella, paratype, SK863, L P. hesperomanniella, paratype, SK832, M Same species, SK620." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681935/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 58A</figureCitation>
|
||
) (n=3).
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD40735FD89935FFD74A647" box="[619,765,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.95" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.9" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="895.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="890.0">890–900 µm</quantity>
|
||
long. Ostium bursae large; antrum cup-shaped with wavy pair of lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD40735FD9C9373FC98A6A3" box="[638,785,1914,1941]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="165.0" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="160.0">160–170 µm</quantity>
|
||
, weakly sclerotized, semicircular in ventral view, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae thick,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD40735FCEA9396FC12A68F" box="[776,923,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="285.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="270.0">270–300 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Corpus bursae small
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD40735FB719397FB64A68F" box="[1171,1261,1950,1977]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="560.0">560 µm</quantity>
|
||
; paired rows of wrinkles, some sclerotized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD50734FF25949FFDD3A186" box="[199,602,150,176]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD50734FF25949FFDD3A186" blockId="59.[151,1437,150,610]" box="[199,602,150,176]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD50734FF25949FFEE8A186" bold="true" box="[199,353,150,176]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Maui (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD50734FE53949FFDC4A186" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[433,589,150,176]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="461 - 465" refId="ref102730" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1940) New species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceeding Hawaiian Entomological Society, 10 (3), 461 - 465." type="journal article" year="1940">Swezey 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD50734FF2594B3FEF4A09B" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD50734FF2594B3FC97A1CE" blockId="59.[151,1437,150,610]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD50734FF2594B3FEDFA1E2" bold="true" box="[199,342,186,212]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Host plants.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD50734FEBF94B2FE55A1E3" box="[349,476,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD50734FE0594B3FB09A1E2" authority="(Hillebr.) O. Deg. (Swezey 1940)" authorityName="O. Deg. (Swezey" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Hillebr." box="[487,1152,186,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Argyroxiphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grayanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD50734FE0594B3FC8EA1E2" box="[487,775,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Argyroxiphium grayanum</emphasis>
|
||
(Hillebr.) O.Deg. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD50734FC3E94B3FBFEA1E2" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[988,1143,186,212]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="461 - 465" refId="ref102730" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1940) New species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceeding Hawaiian Entomological Society, 10 (3), 461 - 465." type="journal article" year="1940">Swezey 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The host plant is located on the windy and rainy bogs of the summit of West Maui.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD50734FF25950BFEF4A09B" blockId="59.[151,1437,150,610]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD50734FF25950BFEAEA02A" bold="true" box="[199,295,258,284]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD50734FED4950AFE16A02B" box="[310,415,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 88" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1491,1515]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,186,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-23@150.[149,1439,181,1467]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 88. Asteraceae-mining Philodoria with thier host plants. A: P. wilkesiella, West Maui, host: Argyroxiphium grayanum, B–F: P. dubauticola, Haelaau, Maui, same series as CJ073, 074, 077 079, 080, 082–084, 094,111, 255, 256, host: Dubautia laxa, G, H: P. naenaeiella Poamoho, Oahu, same series as CJ130, 131, 140, 142, host: Dubautia sp. 1, I–L: Unidentified Philodoria species, J, K: East Oahu, host: Dubautia sp. 2, I: Eke, Maui, host: D. laxa, L: Kamakou, Molokai. A Old mines and cocoons, B, L Young mine, C, H, J, K Mine of late instar larva, G, D, E, I Mature mine, F Cocoon by final instar larva.Arrows point to cocoon (A) and mine (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682000/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 88A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD50734FDCA950AFD1BA02B" box="[552,658,259,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD50734FDCA950AFD1BA02B" box="[552,658,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Dubautia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
miners, in that its first and second instar larvae mine along the length of the leaf, following leaf veins. Pupation occurs in the cocoon inside of the mine terminus, usually with one or both extremities of the white cocoon exposed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD50734FD8D9542FD50A053" box="[623,729,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 88" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1491,1515]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,186,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-23@150.[149,1439,181,1467]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 88. Asteraceae-mining Philodoria with thier host plants. A: P. wilkesiella, West Maui, host: Argyroxiphium grayanum, B–F: P. dubauticola, Haelaau, Maui, same series as CJ073, 074, 077 079, 080, 082–084, 094,111, 255, 256, host: Dubautia laxa, G, H: P. naenaeiella Poamoho, Oahu, same series as CJ130, 131, 140, 142, host: Dubautia sp. 1, I–L: Unidentified Philodoria species, J, K: East Oahu, host: Dubautia sp. 2, I: Eke, Maui, host: D. laxa, L: Kamakou, Molokai. A Old mines and cocoons, B, L Young mine, C, H, J, K Mine of late instar larva, G, D, E, I Mature mine, F Cocoon by final instar larva.Arrows point to cocoon (A) and mine (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682000/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 88A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Three mines per leaf. Adults were observed on the host plant surface during sunny and less windy periods, and then they retreated to the substrate beneath the plant once these conditions subsided.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD50734FF2595BEFC19A354" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD50734FF2595BEFC19A354" blockId="59.[151,1437,150,610]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD50734FF2595BEFEB2A0E7" bold="true" box="[199,315,439,465]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD50734FEA195BEFDEFA0E7" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[323,614,439,465]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a: 718)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that “one of the few moths known to attack the extraordinary endemic composite
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD50734FE9995D2FD9FA0C3" box="[379,534,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Argroxiphium</emphasis>
|
||
”. We surveyed other members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD50734FC7C95D2FBCCA0C3" box="[926,1093,475,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Argyroxiphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD50734FC7C95D2FBCCA0C3" box="[926,1093,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Argyroxiphium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with glabrous leaves, investigated
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD50734FF399609FE82A32C" box="[219,267,512,538]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of this moth, and a population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD50734FD019609FCFCA32F" authorityName="O. Deg. (Swezey" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Hillebr." box="[739,885,512,538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Argyroxiphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grayanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD50734FD019609FCFCA32F" box="[739,885,512,538]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A. grayanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on east Maui, but leaf mines were not found. We also checked some herbarium plant specimens of this east Maui population, and specimens of the extinct species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD50734FA66962DFF77A354" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Argyroxiphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD50734FA66962DFF77A354" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A. virescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. No leaf mines were found on these herbarium specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |