261 lines
32 KiB
XML
261 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="5425EFF1ECEB84E2B5F66E2553C70D2A" ID-CLB-Dataset="27715" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4541.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9c3fecf1-4e11-4c79-a908-e0a5abbaf3ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2617460" ID-ZooBank="B11E734C-218B-418C-84E6-719AB3C58AFF" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553927824231" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Arachchige, Gayashan M., Jayakody, Sevvandi, Mooi, Rich & Kroh, Andreas" docDate="2019" docId="038087B4FFB38968FF02FAAB70B99BC4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4541.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4541 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Clypeaster humilis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFB9FFCCFFAA8975FF95FFB47314996C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and distribution of irregular echinoids (Echinoidea: Irregularia) from Sri Lanka" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1698715306146" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="F7BEDF9967F3088A1650B1246B5DD19C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="0A9EAE4E6F6D9A9471B9B0B5D55402EB">Taxonomy and distribution of irregular echinoids (Echinoidea: Irregularia) from Sri Lanka</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FE1B48BCA17B1669DCE89EB25D0113F8">Arachchige, Gayashan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="582E143CB529B422AE2D167F6483DDA2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="44C62C9F6B18EC597653433C6824B4A0">Jayakody, Sevvandi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F7DC2A8A756B42DA33E20859B5657C51">Mooi, Rich</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="34513ADD9F97DCC40FF9B9AFAFE18419" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="54772880305C12E5623B5557B0C0B463">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AE75708E22F6DCE50E671085E887DFC6">Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D5CB5A47C6C928249014F57027C162BA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C3B12617FACDDDA5406A6EB72F433DCF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C9021F284AD6C787E5F4E16B8647A0AD">
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<mods:date id="474F373E7237E636DA07EFB95C6209AF">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F9E0A0CE38D14D28B1F287625B1DBD30">2019-01-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="36F5851C3A32E850547826403ACCDAB3">4541</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D23823CC310408358AB6188D57280980" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4541.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="937AD0D9278CECE681F7542CF0A34BF6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038087B4FFB38968FF02FAAB70B99BC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5935432" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154529648" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5935432" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FFB38968FF02FAAB70B99BC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087B4FFB38968FF02FAAB70B99BC4" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection id="C3336529FFB3896CFF02FAAB71319C56" box="[151,549,1311,1338]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB3896CFF02FAAB71319C56" blockId="25.[151,549,1311,1371]" box="[151,549,1311,1338]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<heading id="D0DE81CEFFB3896CFF02FAAB71319C56" bold="true" box="[151,549,1311,1338]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFB3896CFF02FAAB71319C56" ID-CoL="5ZCZS" authority="(Leske, 1778)" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[151,549,1311,1338]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="humilis">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB3896CFF02FAAB71319C56" bold="true" box="[151,549,1311,1338]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB3896CFF02FAAB726C9C55" bold="true" box="[151,376,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Clypeaster humilis</emphasis>
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(Leske, 1778)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336529FFB3896CFF02FAF670019CB2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB3896CFF02FAF6722C9C37" blockId="25.[151,549,1311,1371]" box="[151,312,1346,1371]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<figureCitation id="13122A27FFB3896CFF02FAF6722C9C37" box="[151,312,1346,1371]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 19" captionStart-1="FIGURE 20" captionStart-2="FIGURE 21" captionStartId-0="26.[151,250,1091,1113]" captionStartId-1="27.[151,250,1276,1298]" captionStartId-2="28.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,195,1069]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,161,1254]" captionTargetBox-2="[182,1426,219,1839]" captionTargetId-0="figure@26.[151,1436,195,1069]" captionTargetId-1="figure@27.[151,1436,161,1254]" captionTargetId-2="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId-0="26" captionTargetPageId-1="27" captionTargetPageId-2="28" captionText-0="FIGURE 19. Clypeaster humilis (WUSL/EI/14): A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 20. Details of test features of Clypeaster humilis: A, apical system (WUSL/EI/14); B, oral side, peristome, periproct and interambulacrum 5 (WUSL/EI/14); C, internal buttressing (WUSL/EI/21)." captionText-2="FIGURE 21. Distribution map of Clypeaster humilis recorded in this study." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2617497/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2617499/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2617501/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figures 19–21</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB3896CFF02FA3E70019CB2" blockId="25.[151,1435,1418,1502]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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1778
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFB3896CFF45FA3E72F19CCC" authority="Leske" authorityName="Leske" authorityYear="1778" box="[208,485,1418,1440]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Echinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="humilis">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB3896CFF45FA3E728B9CCC" box="[208,415,1418,1440]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Echinanthus humilis</emphasis>
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Leske
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</taxonomicName>
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: p. 185–189; pl. 17: fig. A; pl. 18: fig. B; pl. 19: figs. A–D. 1948b
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFB3896CFF49FA1D71859CD3" authority="(Leske)" authorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[220,657,1449,1471]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="humilis" subGenus="Stolonoclypus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB3896CFF49FA1D725D9CD3" box="[220,329,1449,1471]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Clypeaster</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB3896CFECDFA1D72F19CD3" box="[344,485,1449,1471]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Stolonoclypus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB3896CFE61FA1D712B9CD3" box="[500,575,1449,1471]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">humilis</emphasis>
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(Leske)
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</taxonomicName>
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.—Mortensen: p. 88–94; pl. 17: fig. 1; pl. 28: figs. 1–4; pl. 29: figs. 1–3, 5–8; pl. 30: fig. 1; pl. 40: figs. 2, 3; pl. 47: figs. 3, 8, 11, 15–18.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336529FFB3896CFF02F9B1707B9F2E" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB3896CFF02F9B1707B9F2E" blockId="25.[151,1436,1541,1805]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB3896CFF02F9B172719F72" bold="true" box="[151,357,1541,1566]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Material studied.</emphasis>
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Six denuded specimens: WUSL/EI/10, from Marawila, WUSL/EI/13, from Mount Lavinia, and WUSL/EI/11, EI/12, EI/14 and EI/15 from Negombo,
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<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFB3896CFD6CF99D707F9F2E" box="[761,875,1577,1602]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336529FFB38968FF52F9F972159B50" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB3896CFF52F9F9717A9E61" blockId="25.[151,1436,1541,1805]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB3896CFF52F9F9724D9F0A" bold="true" box="[199,345,1613,1638]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB3896CFEF4F9F971189F09" box="[353,524,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Shape and size</emphasis>
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—Test pentagonal, large,
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<quantity id="4CD19B47FFB3896CFCA4F9F970C29F09" box="[817,982,1613,1638]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.37" metricValueMax="9.69" metricValueMin="7.05" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="83.7" valueMax="96.9" valueMin="70.5">70.5–96.9 mm</quantity>
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TL, distinctly longer than broad, width 87–93% TL, greatest width at anterior paired petals, more prominently demonstrated in larger specimens; TH 16–21% TL; in larger specimens, all interambulacra (except interambulacrum 5) usually conspicuously indented at test margin; in smaller specimens, posterior end more rounded and all other interambulacra only slightly indented or with regular ovoid outline; oral side more or less flat to slightly concave, particularly near peristome; infundibulum shallow, 6–8% TL in depth.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF56662AFFB0896FFF02FBF777429D35" box="[151,1110,1091,1113]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617497/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" startId="26.[151,250,1091,1113]" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1069]" targetPageId="26">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB0896FFF02FBF777429D35" blockId="26.[151,1110,1091,1113]" box="[151,1110,1091,1113]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB0896FFF02FBF7720B9D34" bold="true" box="[151,287,1091,1113]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFB0896FFEB0FBF772F19D35" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[293,485,1091,1113]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="humilis">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB0896FFEB0FBF772F19D35" box="[293,485,1091,1113]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Clypeaster humilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(WUSL/EI/14): A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB0896FFF52FB2A726E9D93" blockId="26.[151,1437,1182,1856]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB0896FFF52FB2A72779DDB" box="[199,355,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Apical system</emphasis>
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—Monobasal, situated closer to centre of aboral surface, 50–53% TL (mean=52% TL, SD=1.2) away from anterior margin; a circular gonopore in each interambulacrum adjacent to madreporic plate; ocular pores small and indistinct.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB0896FFF52FABF77949F73" blockId="26.[151,1437,1182,1856]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB0896FFF52FABF72559C48" box="[199,321,1291,1316]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ambulacra</emphasis>
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—Petaloid small, 53–56% TL (mean=55% TL, SD=1.0), considerably elevated; petals more or less broad, elongate ovoid in shape, closed distally; except in petal III, which is slightly open distally in some specimens; opening 1–4% TL; petal III length 27–30% TL (mean 29% TL) and is distinctly longer than other petals; anterior paired petals length range from 23 to 26% TL (mean 25% TL) and are shorter than other petals; posterior paired petals length 27–28% TL (mean 27% TL). Shape of inner pore of each pore pair circular, outer pore elongate, length about twice diameter of inner pore; interporiferous zones conspicuously elevated, bearing 9–16 primary tubercles across widest part of petals; furrow connecting pores of each pore pair deep and sharply delimited; 3–7 primary tubercles on ridges between furrows; ambulacral furrows of oral side simple unbranched and prominent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB0896FFF52F99F702B9F0B" blockId="26.[151,1437,1182,1856]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB0896FFF52F99F72639F28" box="[199,375,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Interambulacra</emphasis>
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—Slightly inflated adapically between petals; densely packed with primary tubercles; all interambulacra on oral surface disjunct and more or less flat.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB0896FFF52F9C772ED9F9B" blockId="26.[151,1437,1182,1856]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB0896FFF52F9C772779FE0" box="[199,355,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tuberculation</emphasis>
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—Primary tubercles perforate, areoles sunken; miliary tubercles more or less densely and evenly distributed among primary tubercles; density and size (mean size=0.23% TL, N=5) of primary tubercles on aboral surface almost homogenous, primary tubercles on oral surface slightly larger (mean=0.30% TL, N=5), density increasing towards edge of test.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB0896FFF52F8B070679E53" blockId="26.[151,1437,1182,1856]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB0896FFF52F8B0722D9E77" box="[199,313,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Peristome</emphasis>
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—Small, 5–8% TL (mean length=6% TL, mean width=7% TL); slightly wider than long, located slightly anterior of centre, c. 48% TL away from anterior margin.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF56662AFFB1896EFF02FB4870A79C5C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617499/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[151,250,1276,1298]" targetBox="[151,1436,161,1254]" targetPageId="27">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB1896EFF02FB4870A79C5C" blockId="27.[151,1435,1276,1328]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB1896EFF02FB4872349C7D" bold="true" box="[151,288,1276,1298]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
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Details of test features of
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFB1896EFDB9FB4871F89C7E" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[556,748,1276,1298]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="humilis">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB1896EFDB9FB4871F89C7E" box="[556,748,1276,1298]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Clypeaster humilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: A, apical system (WUSL/EI/14); B, oral side, peristome, periproct and interambulacrum 5 (WUSL/EI/14); C, internal buttressing (WUSL/EI/21).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF56662AFFB68969FF02F8E1708D9E07" box="[151,921,1877,1899]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617501/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[151,250,1877,1899]" targetBox="[182,1426,219,1839]" targetPageId="28">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB68969FF02F8E1708D9E07" blockId="28.[151,921,1877,1899]" box="[151,921,1877,1899]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB68969FF02F8E1720B9E06" bold="true" box="[151,287,1877,1899]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution map of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFB68969FE61F8E171A69E07" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[500,690,1877,1899]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="humilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB68969FE61F8E171A69E07" box="[500,690,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Clypeaster humilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded in this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB78968FF52FF2D71A799B9" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB78968FF52FF2D722599DC" box="[199,305,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Periproct</emphasis>
|
||
—Small, 3–6% TL; slightly oval, transversely elongated (mean width=5% TL), situated close to posterior edge, c. 3% TL from posterior margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB78968FF52FF6B72D19871" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB78968FF52FF6B72B79994" box="[199,419,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Internal buttressing</emphasis>
|
||
—Marginal buttressing well-developed and reinforced by dense internal pillar system, best developed close to margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB78968FF52FE9377A698C0" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB78968FF52FE9372B2982C" bold="true" box="[199,422,295,320]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Geographic range.</emphasis>
|
||
Indo-West Pacific, from East Africa &
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFB78968FCFCFE9370E4982C" box="[873,1008,295,320]" name="Madagascar" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFB78968FC6AFE9C7789982C" author="Brown, R. N. R." box="[1023,1181,296,320]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="36 - 44" refId="ref34028" refString="Brown, R. N. R. (1910 a) Echinoidea from the Kerimba Archipelago, Portuguese East Africa (Mozambique). Edinburgh Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society, 18, 36 - 44." type="journal article" year="1910">Brown 1910a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFB78968FB3CFE93763E982C" author="Clark, H. L." box="[1193,1322,295,320]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="221 - 435" refId="ref34386" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The Echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13, 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">Clark 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Red Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFB78968FF0BFEF872549808" author="Koehler, R." box="[158,320,332,357]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref34949" refString="Koehler, R. (1922) Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, Part 9, An account of the Echinoidea. II. Clypeastrides et Cassidulides. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 161 pp." type="book" year="1922">Koehler 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), South East Arabia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFB78968FDADFEF871DD9809" author="Clark, H. L." box="[568,713,332,357]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref34415" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925">Clark 1925a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFB78968FD42FEF970B49808" author="Mortensen, T." box="[727,928,332,356]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref35426" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 c) Report on the Echinoidea of the Murray Expedition. II [Irregular Echinoidea]. Scientific Reports on the John Murray Expedition, 9, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1948">Mortensen 1948c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Persian Gulf (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFB78968FBC2FEF876029808" author="Mortensen, T." box="[1111,1302,332,356]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="55 - 112" refId="ref35321" refString="Mortensen, T. (1940) Echinoderms from the Iranian Gulf. Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, and Echinoidea. Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran, Part 2, 55 - 112." type="book chapter" year="1940">Mortensen 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFB78968FAB9FEF876889809" box="[1324,1436,332,357]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFB78968FF0BFEDB723598E4" author="Clark, H. L." box="[158,289,367,392]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="83 - 102" refId="ref34305" refString="Clark, H. L. (1915) The echinoderms of Ceylon other than holothurians. Spolia Zeylanica, 10, 83 - 102." type="journal article" year="1915">Clark 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFB78968FEBBFEDB710898E4" author="Herdman, W. A. & Herdman, J. B. & Bell, F. J." box="[302,540,367,392]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="137 - 150" refId="ref34833" refString="Herdman, W. A., Herdman, J. B. & Bell, F. J. (1904) Report on the Echinoderma collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Ed.), Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the Gulf of Mannar. The Royal Society, London, pp. 137 - 150." type="book chapter" year="1904">
|
||
Herdman
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB78968FE0BFEC572CC98E4" box="[414,472,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1904
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFB78968FDEFFEDB71F498E4" box="[634,736,367,392]" name="Australia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFB78968FD65FEDB706598E4" author="Clark, H. L." box="[752,881,367,392]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 567" refId="ref34522" refString="Clark, H. L. (1946) The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication, 566, 1 - 567." type="journal article" year="1946">Clark 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and East Indies (de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFB78968FBF7FEDB77EF98E4" author="de Meijere, J. C. H." box="[1122,1275,367,392]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 252" refId="ref35172" refString="de Meijere, J. C. H. (1904) Die Echinoidea der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga Expeditie, 43, 1 - 252." type="journal article" year="1904">Meijere 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFB78968FABCFEDB73F298C1" name="Philippines" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Philippine Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFB78968FF60FE2072A998C0" author="Mortensen, T." box="[245,445,404,428]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="93 - 140" refId="ref35497" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 e) Contributions to the Biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. Report on the Echinoidea collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer " Albatross " during the Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910. Part 3: The Echinoneidae, Echinolampidae, Clypeastridae, Arachnidae, Laganidae, Fibulariidae, Urechinidae, Echinocorythidae, Palaeostomatidae, Micrasteridae, Palaepneustidae, Hemiasteridae, and Spatangidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Bulletin, 100, 93 - 140." type="journal article" year="1948">Mortensen 1948e</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFB78968FE5DFE2071DB98C0" author="Mooi, R. & Munguia, A." box="[456,719,404,429]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="213 - 235" refId="ref35256" refString="Mooi, R. & Munguia, A. (2014) Sea Urchins of the Philippines. In: Williams, G. C. & Terrence, M. G. (Eds.), The Coral Triangle: The 2011 Hearst Philippine Biodiversity Expedition. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, pp. 213 - 235." type="book chapter" year="2014">Mooi & Munguia 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and South Pacific Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFB78968FB9DFE2077B198C0" author="Agassiz, A." box="[1032,1189,404,429]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="379 - 628" refId="ref32647" refString="Agassiz, A. (1872 - 1874) Revision of the Echini. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 7 (Pt. 1 - 2, 3 & 4) i-xii + 1 - 378, pls. 1 - 49 (1872), 379 - 628 + 1, pls. 50 - 77 (1873) & 629 - 762, pls. 78 - 94 (1874)." type="journal article" year="1872">Agassiz 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB78968FF52FE0371EA98BC" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,680]" box="[199,766,439,464]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB78968FF52FE0372BA98BC" bold="true" box="[199,430,439,464]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Bathymetric range.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFB78968FE20FE03710D98A3" box="[437,537,439,464]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" metricValueMax="2.16" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="108.0" valueMax="216.0" valueMin="0.0">0–216 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFB78968FDB2FE0C71E698BC" author="Mortensen, T." box="[551,754,439,464]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref35386" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 b) A Monograph of the Echinoidea IV. 2. Clypeasteroida. Clypeasteridae, Arachnoidae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 471 pp." type="book" year="1948">Mortensen 1948b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB78968FF52FE6872159B50" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB78968FF52FE68717F9899" bold="true" box="[199,619,476,501]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Observed occurrence in
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFB78968FE7EFE68717F9899" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524159" box="[491,619,476,501]" country="Sri Lanka" elevation="28" location="Sandy" municipality="Sri Lanka" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFB78968FE7EFE6871729899" box="[491,614,476,501]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EF66079FFB78968FDE6FE6871AD9899" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FFB38968FF02FAAB70B99BC4:8EF66079FFB78968FDE6FE6871AD9899" box="[627,697,476,501]" country="Sri Lanka" municipality="Sri Lanka" name="Sandy" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sandy</location>
|
||
bottoms on the western, and north-western coasts of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACD8FFB78968FA87FE6876949899" box="[1298,1408,476,501]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sri Lanka</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
at depths of
|
||
<elevation id="0004D191FFB78968FE9EFE4B72659B7B" box="[267,369,511,536]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFB78968FE9EFE4B72659B7B" box="[267,369,511,536]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFB78968FE16FE4B72CD9B74" box="[387,473,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[182,1426,219,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 21. Distribution map of Clypeaster humilis recorded in this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617501/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFB78968FE64FE4B72159B50" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524387" country="Sri Lanka" county="Sri Lanka" elevation="23" location="Sri Lanka" municipality="Bathymetric" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1">
|
||
first recorded in
|
||
<location id="8EF66079FFB78968FD21FE4B70319B74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FFB38968FF02FAAB70B99BC4:8EF66079FFB78968FD21FE4B70319B74" box="[692,805,511,536]" country="Sri Lanka" county="Sri Lanka" municipality="Bathymetric" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sri Lanka</location>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFB78968FCC0FE4B77119B74" author="Agassiz, A." box="[853,1029,511,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="379 - 628" refId="ref32647" refString="Agassiz, A. (1872 - 1874) Revision of the Echini. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 7 (Pt. 1 - 2, 3 & 4) i-xii + 1 - 378, pls. 1 - 49 (1872), 379 - 628 + 1, pls. 50 - 77 (1873) & 629 - 762, pls. 78 - 94 (1874)." type="journal article" year="1872">Agassiz (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACD8FFB78968FB86FE4B77899B74" box="[1043,1181,511,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Bathymetric</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
range in
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F74E2EFFB78968FA9AFE4B766B9B74" box="[1295,1407,511,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sri Lanka</collectingCounty>
|
||
is
|
||
<elevation id="0004D191FFB78968FF02FD9073E99B50" box="[151,253,548,573]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="15.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFB78968FF02FD9073E99B50" box="[151,253,548,573]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="15.0">15–30 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFB78968FF52FDF370B99BC4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFB78968FF52FDF370B99BC4" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFB78968FF52FDF3722F9B0C" bold="true" box="[199,315,583,608]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
An open petal III was observed in each examined specimen with the degree of opening being extremely variable. In addition, specimens with a highly elevated petaloid area have more open anterior petals. This is consistent with similar observations by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFB78968FD30FD2470BD9BC4" author="Mortensen, T." box="[677,937,656,680]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref35354" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea IV. 1. Holectypoida, Cassiduloida. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 371 pp." type="book" year="1948">Mortensen (1948a: 91)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |