220 lines
29 KiB
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220 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="933C4825559746174DD811A2BA9E60FD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4532981" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4532981" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612994740723" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Penz, Carla M." docDate="2008" docId="0F13312355022308FF4FD854522E7CCB" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2008.0035.1-25.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2008 (35)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1.3:InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Eryphanis automedon" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="F32A495B55082303FF8FDA5653137D50" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic Revision of Eryphanis Boisduval, with a Description of a New Species from Ecuador (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698870476287" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="769B62B769781FC5D384D8BB04916C85" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="68858FF975AC21853EB7CCBA2FAC442E">
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<mods:title id="8E0D58680DB183FB14C822EE3D8DDC04">Phylogenetic Revision of Eryphanis Boisduval, with a Description of a New Species from Ecuador (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="870ED7CFAC3CC1EFD77A2579D47A8B62" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="EF3D4A37531D041ABC110F394FC0B674">
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<mods:roleTerm id="33950D893BA74EF9B18BECE51A23355A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="806B2763FE04E30334C8C8E8845B5C6C">Penz, Carla M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0BA00CE1470E37CDA4E6B9F7CED9C552">Department of Biological Sciences University of New Orleans 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, Louisiana, 70148, USA cpenz @ uno. edu</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="25DBA05ACD79BAED252FC66F0B467CDC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="EF52C15C13487CF3137A2C877125B4FB">
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<mods:title id="B57975E739DD9EC270636A43A57F47C4">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E1C5C74E6537B168B64E69A8EFFF3933">
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<mods:date id="D51BF5159DC5BC2AD9FE7B203D5247A7">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D244FFA464A1B1EDB5C4EAEB676BD00C" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="DEF12CFD55182659030B5EEE23A12079">2008-06-06</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="0711C477D95CD64DE1D20B50095EA822" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5670C5C5CE7D16B438AB4460F516F6C6">2008</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="93F2E5C19CFECD1823349E630884D21E" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="28F829CADCA6ED6EB8347E1FEE6643ED">35</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="A6AD10B11367990AABC0B751D52E67AF" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="0A52566E806CE2B0B51A986EC96CEB09">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="38C606332DB1EC2E2B308D50B5DAA88A">25</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="28E1BC89B3C189FEFDDB54AC54598049">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DB63B18E3466D9CB0D649E7CC8469671" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4532981</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8E836182127640E9E4D4CBB86FF16BDC" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="926D7032D60D181107177208B821D935" type="Zenodo-Dep">4532981</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0F13312355022308FF4FD854522E7CCB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4533087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4533087" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F13312355022308FF4FD854522E7CCB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F13312355022308FF4FD854522E7CCB" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="CFA0D3BE55022309FF4FD85451A67F4B" box="[192,693,514,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8705803555022309FF4FD85451A67F4B" blockId="10.[192,693,514,539]" box="[192,693,514,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="DC4D375955022309FF4FD85451A67F4B" bold="true" box="[192,693,514,539]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="40BAFBB655022309FF4FD85451A67F4B" ID-CoL="768FZ" authority="(Cramer, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[192,693,514,539]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eryphanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="automedon">
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<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FF4FD85451A67F4B" bold="true" box="[192,693,514,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FF4FD85452F97F4B" bold="true" box="[192,490,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Eryphanis automedon</emphasis>
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(Cramer, 1775)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CFA0D3BE55022309FF4FD87450837F2B" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8705803555022309FF4FD87452EB7F6B" blockId="10.[192,504,546,571]" box="[192,504,546,571]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="DC4D375955022309FF4FD87452EB7F6B" bold="true" box="[192,504,546,571]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FF4FD87452EB7F6B" bold="true" box="[192,504,546,571]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1F819CB055022309FF46D87452397F6B" box="[201,298,546,571]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[192,275,1387,1409]" captionTargetBox="[198,1437,201,1373]" captionTargetId="figure-132@3.[192,1443,195,1374]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Eryphanis adult males, dorsal side on the left, ventral side on the right. Scale bar next to A = 1cm. A) E. automedon, Colombia, Cali. B) E. lycomedon, Colombia, Cali. C) E. reevesii, Brazil, São Paulo, Pinhal. D) E. bubocula, Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Rio San Lorenzo. E) E. aesacus, [Mexico], Catemaco. F) E. gerhardi, Bolivia. G) E. zolzivora, Bolivia. H) E. greeneyi, Ecuador, Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, HOLOTYPE. I) E. opimus, Colombia, Cali." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4532985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4532985/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1F819CB055022309FEB8D875524F7F6B" box="[311,348,547,571]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[192,276,1405,1427]" captionTargetBox="[195,1438,197,1377]" captionTargetId="figure-144@4.[192,1444,194,1380]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Eryphanis adult females, dorsal side on the left, ventral side on the right. Scale bar next to A = 1cm. A) E. automedon, Paraguay, Pedro Juan Caballero. B) E. lycomedon, Colombia, Cali. C) E. reevesii, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo. D) E. bubocula, Costa Rica, Cartago, Tapanti. E) E. aesacus, Mexico, Oaxaca, Tuxtepec.F) E. gerhardi,Brazil, Rondonia, Jaru.G) E.zolzivora, Bolivia, Cochabamba. H) E. greeneyi,Ecuador, Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, PARATYPE." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4532987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4532987/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">2A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1F819CB055022309FEE7D875529E7F6B" box="[360,397,547,571]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[193,276,1750,1772]" captionTargetBox="[261,1378,190,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[257,1382,189,1721]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Eryphanis male genitalia in lateral view, with separate drawings of the phallus. Scale bar next to A = 1mm. Note that the phallus was not removed from the genitalic capsule, and the drawing angles are thus not homogeneous across species. A) E. automedon, Colombia, Cali. B) E. lycomedon, Colombia, Cali. C) E. reevesii, Brazil, São Paulo, Pinhal. D) E. bubocula, Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Rio San Lorenzo. E) E. aesacus, Mexico, San Luis Potosi. F) E. gerhardi, Bolivia, Cochabamba. G) E. zolzivora, Bolivia, Cochabamba. H) E. greeneyi, Ecuador, near Baños, PARATYPE. I) E. opimus, Colombia, Cali." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4532989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4532989/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">4A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1F819CB055022309FE16D87552AD7F6B" box="[409,446,547,571]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[194,277,1776,1798]" captionTargetBox="[259,1375,204,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[255,1383,201,1740]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Eryphanis male genitalia in ventral view, with separate drawings of the juxta and dorsal view of tegumen+uncus. Scale bar next to A = 1mm. A) E. automedon, Colombia, Cali. B) E. lycomedon, Colombia, Cali. C) E. reevesii, Brazil, São Paulo, Pinhal. D) E. bubocula, Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Rio San Lorenzo. E) E. aesacus, Mexico, San Luis Potosi. F) E. gerhardi, Bolivia, Cochabamba. G) E. zolzivora, Bolivia, Cochabamba. H) E. greeneyi, Ecuador, near Baños, PARATYPE. I) E. opimus, Colombia, Cali." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4532991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4532991/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">5A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1F819CB055022309FE45D87452E37F6B" box="[458,496,546,571]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[192,276,1236,1258]" captionTargetBox="[200,1439,199,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-197@9.[192,1443,194,1244]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Eryphanis female sterigma and corpus bursa. Ribs of the intersegmental sac were omitted. Scale bars next to F = 1mm, note that sterigma and corpus bursa are in different magnifications. A) E. automedon, Peru, Puerto Maldonado. B) E. lycomedon, Costa Rica, Puntarenas. C) E. reevesii, Brazil, São Paulo, Pinhal. D) E. bubocula, Costa Rica, Cartago, Tapanti. E) E. aesacus,Mexico. F) E. gerhardi, Brazil, Rondonia, Jaru. G) E. zolzivora, Bolivia, Cochabamba. H) E. greeneyi, Ecuador, Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, PARATYPE." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4532993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4532993/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">6A</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8705803555022309FF4FD83250837F2B" blockId="10.[192,912,611,636]" box="[192,912,611,636]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<typeStatus id="58013E9755022309FF4FD83253EF7F2C" box="[192,252,612,636]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
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species of
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<taxonomicName id="40BAFBB655022309FEFAD83551617F2B" authority="Boisduval" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1870" box="[373,626,611,635]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eryphanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FEFAD83552E77F2B" box="[373,500,611,635]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Eryphanis</emphasis>
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Boisduval
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</taxonomicName>
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by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CFA0D3BE55022309FF4FD8F552E77FEB" box="[192,500,675,699]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8705803555022309FF4FD8F552E77FEB" blockId="10.[192,500,675,699]" box="[192,500,675,699]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<materialsCitation id="37D28A6855022309FF4FD8F552E37FEB" box="[192,496,675,699]" country="Suriname" location="Surinam" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FF4FD8F552697FEB" bold="true" box="[192,378,675,699]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<typeStatus id="58013E9755022309FF4FD8F552167FEB" box="[192,261,675,699]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="FFADC0A555022309FE0FD8F552E37FEB" box="[384,496,675,699]" name="Suriname" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Surinam</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CFA0D3BE55022309FF4FD8B552037B2B" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8705803555022309FF4FD8B557FF794B" blockId="10.[192,1441,739,1051]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FF4FD8B552427FAB" bold="true" box="[192,337,739,763]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Both sexes similar to
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<taxonomicName id="40BAFBB655022309FDEED8B250177FAB" baseAuthorityName="C. Felder and R. Felder" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[609,772,739,763]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eryphanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycomedon">
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<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FDEED8B250177FAB" box="[609,772,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">E. lycomedon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Males can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="40BAFBB655022309FB25D8B2565E7FAB" baseAuthorityName="C. Felder and R. Felder" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1194,1357,739,763]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eryphanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycomedon">
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<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FB25D8B2565E7FAB" box="[1194,1357,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">E. lycomedon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the localized dorsal night blue to purple iridescent patches on both FW and HD, and HW margin usually lacking a pale brown outline dorsally, plus the valva with a narrow tip and subterminal swelling. The narrow valva tip can be often seen in pinned specimens without preparation, thus facilitating identification. Females nearly indistinguishable from
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<taxonomicName id="40BAFBB655022309FD6DD93250967E2B" baseAuthorityName="C. Felder and R. Felder" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[738,901,867,891]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eryphanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycomedon">
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<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FD6DD93250967E2B" box="[738,901,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">E. lycomedon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but the following trend was observed. In
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<taxonomicName id="40BAFBB655022309FA0AD93252557ECB" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eryphanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="automedon">
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<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FA0AD93252557ECB" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">E. automedon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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females the dorsal FW iridescence sometimes forms a pale blue sheen that extends into discal cell, the dorsal HW pale brown outline is vestigial or absent. The HW iridescence is usually more extended distally within the Cu1 and Cu2 cells, and the projection at vein Cu1 is sometimes less pronounced than in
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<taxonomicName id="40BAFBB655022309FEAFD9B252D07EAB" baseAuthorityName="C. Felder and R. Felder" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[288,451,995,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eryphanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycomedon">
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<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FEAFD9B252D07EAB" box="[288,451,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">E. lycomedon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Old, faded
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<taxonomicName id="40BAFBB655022309FDD7D9B250117EAB" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[600,770,995,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eryphanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="automedon">
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<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FDD7D9B250117EAB" box="[600,770,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">E. automedon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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females from locations overlapping with
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<taxonomicName id="40BAFBB655022309FB73D9B256B37EAB" baseAuthorityName="C. Felder and R. Felder" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1276,1440,995,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eryphanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycomedon">
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<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FB73D9B256B37EAB" box="[1276,1440,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">E. lycomedon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can only be confidently distinguished from the latter by the sterigma through dissection.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8705803555022309FF4FDE155681780B" blockId="10.[192,1441,1091,1659]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FF4FDE155162790B" bold="true" box="[192,625,1091,1115]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Annotated redescription. Male.</emphasis>
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FW length
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<quantity id="40422DD055022309FC8EDE15506F790B" box="[769,892,1091,1115]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="57.0" valueMax="59.0" valueMin="55.0">55-59 mm</quantity>
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(n=8). Dorsal FW and HW with conspicuous and localized night blue to purple iridescent patches, depending on the locality. FW iridescent patches extend from submedial to postmedial areas. HW always with an iridescent patch (variable in size, and subtle in old specimens), never a sheen. Dorsal FW submarginal line faint, diffuse, continuous. Dorsal HW marginal outline absent. HW with a projection at vein Cu1 that extends beyond anal margin. FW and HW main ventral color varying from faded brown in Brazilian and Peruvian specimens, to faded caramel color in Colombian, Bolivian, and Paraguayan specimens. Ventral HW white postmedial transverse band vestigial or absent. Ventral HW eyespot in cell Cu1 contained within cell. Uncus elongate, slender; valva with subterminal swelling; and gnathos slender, sharply pointed, with few or no spines.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8705803555022309FF7FDF3552037B2B" blockId="10.[192,1441,1091,1659]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FF7FDF355247782B" bold="true" box="[240,340,1379,1403]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Female</emphasis>
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. FW length
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<quantity id="40422DD055022309FE69DF35514D782B" box="[486,606,1379,1403]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.95" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="59.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="59.0">59-60 mm</quantity>
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(n=3). Wing color pattern different from male. Dorsal sky-blue iridescent patches on medial areas of FW and HW, slightly larger on HW. Dorsal FW iridescent patch expanded inside discal cell in some specimens. Dorsal FW discal cell often with a pair of faint brown stripes near the distal end. FW submarginal line faded orange, conspicuous, continuous, nearly straight. Submarginal branch of FW submarginal line starts at M1, and postmedial branch starts at wing margin or below the R stem and joins the submarginal branch in cell M2. Dorsal HW iridescence more extended distally than in
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<taxonomicName id="40BAFBB655022309FE0BDC7251347B6B" baseAuthorityName="C. Felder and R. Felder" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[388,551,1571,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eryphanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycomedon">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FE0BDC7251347B6B" box="[388,551,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">E. lycomedon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and marginal outline absent or vestigial. Ventral surface of wings as in male. Posterior edge of sterigma with conspicuous oblique ribs, and sterigma projections with two blunt points.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="CFA0D3BE55022309FF4FDCF552457BAB" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8705803555022309FF4FDCF552457BAB" blockId="10.[192,1440,1699,1787]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FF4FDCF552607BEB" bold="true" box="[192,371,1699,1723]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FFADC0A555022309FEF7DCF552E47BEB" box="[376,503,1699,1723]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
|
to the Guianas and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FFADC0A555022309FD67DCF550207BEB" box="[744,819,1699,1723]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
(northern and eastern), and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FFADC0A555022309FB03DCF556137BEB" box="[1164,1280,1699,1723]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
|
to
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FFADC0A555022309FAADDCF256887BEC" box="[1314,1435,1700,1724]" name="Paraguay" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
|
; ranging from sea level (e.g., Obidos,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FFADC0A555022309FD01DC9551C87B8B" box="[654,731,1731,1755]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
) to ca.
|
|
<quantity id="40422DD055022309FCB6DC95508E7B8B" box="[825,925,1731,1755]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="1.0">1,000 m</quantity>
|
|
(e.g., Cali,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FFADC0A555022309FBA0DC9557B67B8B" box="[1071,1189,1731,1755]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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|
) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E32BFDC455022309FB30DC95568F7B8B" author="Casagrande, M. M." box="[1215,1436,1731,1755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="201 - 205" refId="ref11943" refString="Casagrande, M. M. 2004. Brassolini. p. 201 - 205. In: J. B. Heppner (ed.). Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Part 4 A Checklist (ed. by G. Lamas). Association of Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers; Gainesville. 439 p." type="book chapter" year="2004">Casagrande 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, Appendix 1).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="CFA0D3BE55022308FF4FDD75522E7CCB" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8705803555022308FF4FDD75522E7CCB" blockId="10.[192,1440,1827,1915]" lastBlockId="11.[192,1440,195,411]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755022309FF4FDD75522E7A6B" bold="true" box="[192,317,1827,1851]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Remarks</emphasis>
|
|
. Six dissected males from five countries (Appendix 1) show consistent genitalic morphology, but varied in their iridescence hue (more purple or more blue), and the size of the HW iridescent patch (extremely small in a male from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FFADC0A555022309FDCADD35518C7A2B" box="[581,671,1891,1915]" name="Bolivia" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and some males from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FFADC0A555022309FC21DD35570E7A2B" box="[942,1053,1891,1915]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
|
, French Guiana, and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FFADC0A555022309FAAFDD35567D7A2B" box="[1312,1390,1891,1915]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
; not illustrated).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E32BFDC455032308FED6DA9551537D8B" author="Casagrande, M. M." box="[345,576,195,219]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="201 - 205" refId="ref11943" refString="Casagrande, M. M. 2004. Brassolini. p. 201 - 205. In: J. B. Heppner (ed.). Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Part 4 A Checklist (ed. by G. Lamas). Association of Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers; Gainesville. 439 p." type="book chapter" year="2004">Casagrande (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
recognized seven subspecies, but here I elevate
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40BAFBB655032308FB08DA9252BC7DAB" authority="C. Felder and R. Felder, 1862" authorityName="C. Felder and R. Felder" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eryphanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycomedon">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755032308FB08DA9256397D8B" box="[1159,1322,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">E. lycomedon</emphasis>
|
|
C. Felder and R.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E32BFDC455032308FE9ADAB552BC7DAB" author="Felder, C. & R. Felder" box="[277,431,227,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="409 - 427" refId="ref12165" refString="Felder, C., and R. Felder. 1862. Lepidoptera novae Columbiae. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 6: 409 - 427." type="journal article" year="1862">Felder, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to full species (see below). The subspecies of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40BAFBB655032308FC40DAB2576B7DAB" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[975,1144,227,251]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eryphanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="automedon">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755032308FC40DAB2576B7DAB" box="[975,1144,227,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">E. automedon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
should be reassessed by examination of
|
|
<typeStatus id="58013E9755032308FEF4DB5252A37C4C" box="[379,432,260,284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
|
specimens (see comments below on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40BAFBB655032308FCEDDB52561C7C4B" authority="Stichel, 1904" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1904" box="[866,1295,259,283]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eryphanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="automedon" subSpecies="novicia">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755032308FCEDDB5257747C4B" box="[866,1127,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">E. automedon novicia</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E32BFDC455032308FBE2DB55561C7C4B" author="Stichel, H." box="[1133,1295,259,283]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref12861" refString="Stichel, H. 1904. Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera, Fam. Nymphalidae, Subfam. Brassolinae. Genera Insectorum, vol. 20: 1 - 48. P. Wytsman; Brussels." type="journal article" year="1904">Stichel, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). In females of both
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40BAFBB655032308FE95DB7252D77C6B" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[282,452,291,315]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eryphanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="automedon">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755032308FE95DB7252D77C6B" box="[282,452,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">E. automedon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40BAFBB655032308FE70DB7251B07C6B" authorityName="C. Felder and R. Felder" authorityYear="1862" box="[511,675,291,315]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eryphanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycomedon">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755032308FE70DB7251B07C6B" box="[511,675,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">E. lycomedon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the HW projection at vein Cu1 varies in size (e.g., it is short in Paraguayan specimens,
|
|
<figureCitation id="1F819CB055032308FE65DB1551557C0B" box="[490,582,323,347]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[192,276,1405,1427]" captionTargetBox="[195,1438,197,1377]" captionTargetId="figure-144@4.[192,1444,194,1380]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Eryphanis adult females, dorsal side on the left, ventral side on the right. Scale bar next to A = 1cm. A) E. automedon, Paraguay, Pedro Juan Caballero. B) E. lycomedon, Colombia, Cali. C) E. reevesii, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo. D) E. bubocula, Costa Rica, Cartago, Tapanti. E) E. aesacus, Mexico, Oaxaca, Tuxtepec.F) E. gerhardi,Brazil, Rondonia, Jaru.G) E.zolzivora, Bolivia, Cochabamba. H) E. greeneyi,Ecuador, Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, PARATYPE." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4532987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4532987/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
|
; it is long in Peruvian specimens, not illustrated). The life history of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40BAFBB655032308FA0ADB12525A7C2B" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eryphanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="automedon">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755032308FA0ADB12525A7C2B" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">E. automedon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E32BFDC455032308FDE1DB3551EE7C2B" author="Dias, M. M." box="[622,765,355,379]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="267 - 274" refId="ref12127" refString="Dias, M. M. 1979. Morfologia e biologia de Eryphanis polyxena polyxena (Meerburgh, 1775) (Lepidoptera, Satyridae, Brassolinae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 23: 267 - 274." type="journal article" year="1979">Dias (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
based on specimens from
|
|
<collectingRegion id="457E4ED755032308FBC5DB3557E67C2B" box="[1098,1269,355,379]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FFADC0A555032308FA8CDB35565C7C2B" box="[1283,1359,355,379]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
[as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40BAFBB655032308FA0ADB32523F7CCB" baseAuthorityName="Meerburgh" baseAuthorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eryphanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyxena">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5CE5C2755032308FA0ADB32523F7CCB" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">E. polyxena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |