211 lines
19 KiB
XML
211 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.055.0201" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7918683" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1683584464854" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Azarkina, Galina N. & Foord, Stefan H." docDate="2014" docId="076987FA1B38FFBBCD923F9BFCDF4E12" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.55.2.351-375.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 55 (2)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.055.0201" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0201127D758FBEB889983D376DC13FCB.4:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="0201127D758FBEB889983D376DC13FCB" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Festucula Simon 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="354" masterDocId="FB50FF821B3BFFBFCC543F6FFFE54B15" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Afrotropical species of Festucula Simon, 1901 (Araneae: Salticidae)" masterLastPageNumber="351" masterPageNumber="351" pageNumber="353" updateTime="1683701605808" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the Afrotropical species of Festucula Simon, 1901 (Araneae: Salticidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Azarkina, Galina N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Foord, Stefan H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-12-03</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>55</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>351</mods:start>
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<mods:end>351</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.055.0201</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5733/afin.055.0201</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7918683</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:076987FA1B38FFBBCD923F9BFCDF4E12" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/076987FA1B38FFBBCD923F9BFCDF4E12" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="354" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">
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<subSubSection box="[454,793,244,271]" pageId="3" pageNumber="353" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[454,793,244,271]" box="[454,793,244,271]" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">
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<heading box="[454,793,244,271]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="353" reason="6">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4JWN" authority="Simon, 1901" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1901" box="[533,793,244,271]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Festucula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[533,643,247,271]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">Festucula</emphasis>
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Simon, 1901
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="354" pageId="3" pageNumber="353" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[144,1104,286,1069]" box="[144,989,286,312]" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">
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<typeStatus box="[144,200,286,312]" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Simon, 1901" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1901" box="[302,711,286,312]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Festucula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformes">
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<emphasis box="[302,559,288,312]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">Festucula vermiformes</emphasis>
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Simon, 1901
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[144,1104,286,1069]" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">
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Diagnosis:
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<taxonomicName box="[275,479,327,353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">
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<emphasis box="[275,386,329,353]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">Festucula</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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share the following combination of characters: a flat carapace and very long and narrow abdomen (Fig̹ 1)̹A simple leg-carapace stridulatory mechanism (
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<figureCitation box="[294,405,391,417]" captionStart="Figs 5–7" captionStartId="4.[181,219,469,490]" captionTargetBox="[191,1141,204,457]" captionTargetId="figure-303@4.[500,1141,204,460]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 5–7. Festucula spp̹:(5, 6) carapacestridulatory organs;(7) leg stridulatory organs̹Scale bar(5):0̹2 mm̹" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918687/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">Figs 5—7</figureCitation>
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) and bulbus morphology suggest an affinity to
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<taxonomicName authority="Simon, 1885" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1885" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Pseudicius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[979,1104,393,417]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">Pseudicius</emphasis>
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Simon, 1885
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis box="[304,383,425,449]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">cinctus</emphasis>
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-group
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<emphasis box="[466,528,425,449]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">sensu</emphasis>
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Prószyṅski 2013)̹
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1901" box="[746,856,425,449]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Festucula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[746,856,425,449]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">Festucula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have a simple, bladelike embolus fused immovably to the tegulum, bearing a retrolateral bump (Maddison 1987), and belong to the subfamily
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<taxonomicName box="[542,705,487,513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="353" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heliophaninae">Heliophaninae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis box="[722,784,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">sensu</emphasis>
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Prószyṅski 1976; Maddison & Hedin 2003)̹
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[144,1104,286,1069]" box="[144,283,560,586]" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">Description:</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[144,1104,286,1069]" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">
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Medium-sized spiders, total length
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<quantity box="[544,707,593,620]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.949999999999999" metricValueMax="9.2" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="353" unit="mm" value="6.949999999999999" valueMax="9.2" valueMin="4.7">4.7 to 9.2 mm</quantity>
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. Sexes alike in general body shape and coloration, sometimes with sexual dimorphism in size. Carapace very low, height is only 25–30 % of its length. Eyes: AME largest, PME about midway between ALE and PLE, slightly closer to PLE, ocular quadrangle between 42% and 47 % of carapace length. Clypeus very low. Chelicerae small, unidentate, with two promarginal teeth and one retromarginal tooth. Maxillae long, slightly curved, convergent. Labium rectangular, longer than wide. Pedicel medium, usually visible in dorsal view. Abdomen very long and narrow, slightly bent downwards at its rear end (Fig̹ 1)̹ Width is between 19% and 30 % of its length. Legs: leg I very long and robust, all legs and palps with very long bristles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[144,1104,286,1069]" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">
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Leg formula: males and females I, IV, II, III or I, IV, III, II. Leg spination: uniform in both sexes, pattern: leg I – Tb v 0-1-1-1 or 0-1-1-1-0; Mt v 0-2-2ap; leg II – Mt v 1-2ap; leg III – Mt v 0-1ap; leg IV – Mt v 0-1ap. Some species and sexes without spines on legs II, III, IV (i.e. spination only on leg I, e.g.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lessert" authorityYear="1933" box="[676,813,1012,1036]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Festucula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lawrencei">
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<emphasis box="[676,813,1012,1036]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">F. lawrencei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; or spination on leg I and III/IV, e.g. both sexes of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lessert" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[428,642,1044,1068]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Pseudicius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festuculaeformis">
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<emphasis box="[428,642,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">F. festuculaeformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, females of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Azarkina & Foord" authorityYear="2014" box="[785,906,1044,1068]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Festucula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haddadi">
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<emphasis box="[785,906,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">F. haddadi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Azarkina & Foord" authorityYear="2014" box="[963,1087,1044,1068]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Festucula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
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<emphasis box="[963,1087,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">F. robustus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)̹
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918685" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7918685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918685/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="353" startId="3.[144,183,1631,1652]" targetBox="[153,1094,1132,1617]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[144,1104,1631,1676]" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">
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Figs 1–4.
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<taxonomicName box="[235,367,1631,1652]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Festucula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spp">
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<emphasis box="[235,324,1633,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="353">Festucula</emphasis>
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spp
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</taxonomicName>
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̹: (1) general appearance, lateral view; (2) male palpal femur, prolateral view; (3) tibial apopysis, retrolateral view; (4) spermathecae, dorsal view̹
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918687" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7918687" box="[181,1143,469,490]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918687/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="354" startId="4.[181,219,469,490]" targetBox="[191,1141,204,457]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[181,1143,469,490]" box="[181,1143,469,490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">
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Figs 5–7.
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<taxonomicName box="[269,398,469,490]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Festucula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spp">
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<emphasis box="[269,357,471,490]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">Festucula</emphasis>
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spp
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</taxonomicName>
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̹: (5, 6) carapace stridulatory organs; (7) leg stridulatory organs̹Scale bar (5): 0̹2 mm̹
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[181,1142,533,1288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">
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Stridulatory organs (
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<emphasis box="[413,475,535,559]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">sensu</emphasis>
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Maddison 1987): present in both sexes and represent a leg-carapace stridulatory mechanism, with narrow band of 7–9 seta-bearing tubercles on carapace below lateral eyes and 4–6 seta-bearing tubercles on prolateral surface of femora of leg I (
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<figureCitation box="[363,468,629,655]" captionStart="Figs 5–7" captionStartId="4.[181,219,469,490]" captionTargetBox="[191,1141,204,457]" captionTargetId="figure-303@4.[500,1141,204,460]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 5–7. Festucula spp̹:(5, 6) carapacestridulatory organs;(7) leg stridulatory organs̹Scale bar(5):0̹2 mm̹" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918687/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">Figs 5—7</figureCitation>
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, arrowed)̹
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[181,1142,533,1288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">Number of tubercles on carapace and femora varies within species and sexes. Male palp: femur with a small bulge on its inner lateral surface (Fig̹ 2, arrowed); tibia short, with curved ventral tibial apophysis (VTA) and relatively straight retrolateral tibial apophysis (LTA) (Fig̹ 3, arrowed); cymbium oval; embolus short, slightly curved, originating prolaterally distally on tegulum; tegulum with prolateral basal lobe. Female genitalia: simple, epigyne a flat plate, with a pair of copulatory pores situated in two depressions in the lower part of epigyne; insemination ducts short, broad at entrances, with long accessory glands (AG) often located near entrances (Fig̹ 4, arrowed)̹</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[181,1142,533,1288]" box="[181,335,926,952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">Composition:</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[181,1142,533,1288]" box="[181,859,959,985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">
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<taxonomicName authority="Simon, 1901" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1901" box="[181,442,959,985]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Festucula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[181,291,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">Festucula</emphasis>
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Simon, 1901
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</taxonomicName>
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includes the following eight species:
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="354" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[181,1142,533,1288]" box="[181,494,991,1018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">
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<taxonomicName authority="Lawrence, 1927" authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1927" box="[181,494,991,1018]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Festucula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis box="[181,307,994,1018]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">F. australis</emphasis>
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Lawrence, 1927
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[181,1142,533,1288]" box="[181,571,1024,1050]" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Lessert, 1925)" baseAuthorityName="Lessert" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[181,571,1024,1050]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Pseudicius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festuculaeformis">
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<emphasis box="[181,394,1026,1050]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">F. festuculaeformis</emphasis>
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(Lessert, 1925)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[181,1142,533,1288]" box="[181,368,1058,1084]" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">
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<taxonomicName authority="Azarkina & Foord, 2014" authorityName="Azarkina & Foord" authorityYear="2014" box="[181,301,1059,1083]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Festucula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haddadi" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis box="[181,301,1059,1083]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">F. haddadi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[308,368,1058,1084]" pageId="4" pageNumber="354" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[181,1142,533,1288]" box="[181,476,1089,1116]" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">
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<taxonomicName authority="Lessert, 1933" authorityName="Lessert" authorityYear="1933" box="[181,476,1089,1116]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Festucula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lawrencei">
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<emphasis box="[181,318,1092,1116]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">F. lawrencei</emphasis>
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Lessert, 1933
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[181,1142,533,1288]" box="[181,359,1123,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">
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<taxonomicName authority="Azarkina & Foord, 2014" authorityName="Azarkina & Foord" authorityYear="2014" box="[181,292,1124,1148]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Festucula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leroyae" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis box="[181,292,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">F. leroyae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[299,359,1123,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="354" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[181,1142,533,1288]" box="[181,437,1155,1181]" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">
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<taxonomicName authority="Simon, 1901" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1901" box="[181,437,1155,1181]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Festucula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
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<emphasis box="[181,287,1157,1181]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">F. lineata</emphasis>
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Simon, 1901
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[181,1142,533,1288]" box="[181,371,1188,1214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">
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<taxonomicName authority="Azarkina & Foord, 2014" authorityName="Azarkina & Foord" authorityYear="2014" box="[181,304,1190,1214]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Festucula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis box="[181,304,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">F. robustus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[311,371,1188,1214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="354" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[181,1142,533,1288]" box="[181,494,1220,1247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">
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<taxonomicName authority="Simon, 1901" authorityName=": Simon" authorityYear="1901" box="[181,494,1220,1247]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Festucula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
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||
<emphasis box="[181,344,1223,1247]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">F. vermiformis</emphasis>
|
||
Simon, 1901
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[181,1142,533,1288]" box="[181,826,1261,1288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="354">Distribution: Throughout Africa and the Levant (Fig̹ 26)̹</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |