162 lines
19 KiB
XML
162 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="56424FAC59589C8E2E049FB988114ECC">Review of the bryozoan genus Bryopesanser Tilbrook, 2006 (Escharinidae: Cheilostomata) with the description of 11 new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0E09F8CFC911F293A3F87DEE8062287C">Tilbrook, Kevin J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B77B2CA6C3D9DCC532F94626EB276453">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8A4429ECEF4028005969968175F1E811">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="5C370C4EFFB0FFB8FF646D3518DC98C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6493028" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119429739" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6493028" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C370C4EFFB0FFB8FF646D3518DC98C9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C370C4EFFB0FFB8FF646D3518DC98C9" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="9C84EED3FFB0FFB8FF646D3518589B20" box="[151,593,1077,1103]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D421BD58FFB0FFB8FF646D3518589B20" blockId="1.[151,593,1077,1103]" box="[151,593,1077,1103]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="8F690A34FFB0FFB8FF646D3518589B20" bold="true" box="[151,593,1077,1103]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FF646D3518589B20" bold="true" box="[151,593,1077,1103]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="139EC6DBFFB0FFB8FF1E6D3518589B20" ID-CoL="84MPH" authority="Tilbrook, 2006" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[237,593,1077,1103]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Bryopesanser" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FF1E6D351B9B9B20" bold="true" box="[237,402,1077,1103]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Bryopesanser</emphasis>
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Tilbrook, 2006
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9C84EED3FFB0FFB8FF646D7C18989BFE" box="[151,657,1147,1170]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D421BD58FFB0FFB8FF646D7C18989BFE" blockId="1.[151,657,1147,1170]" box="[151,657,1147,1170]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FF646D7C1B2B9BFD" bold="true" box="[151,290,1147,1170]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<typeStatus id="0B2503FAFFB0FFB8FF646D7C1AC59BFE" box="[151,204,1148,1169]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="139EC6DBFFB0FFB8FEDA6D7C18849BFE" authority="Smitt, 1873" authorityName="Smitt" authorityYear="1873" box="[297,653,1147,1170]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="pes" subSpecies="anseris">
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<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FEDA6D7C18049BFD" box="[297,525,1148,1170]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Hippothoa pes anseris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B00FC0A9FFB0FFB8FDE76D7B18849BFE" author="Smitt" box="[532,653,1147,1169]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1873) Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales. Part II. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11, 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1873">Smitt, 1873</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9C84EED3FFB0FFB8FF646DBE1B849A08" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D421BD58FFB0FFB8FF646DBE1B849A08" blockId="1.[151,1437,1214,1959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FF646DBE1B189BB8" bold="true" box="[151,273,1214,1239]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Colony encrusting. Frontal shield evenly perforated, areolar septular pores present. Primary orifice with horizontal proximal rim and condyles and notch-like sinus. Oral spines present. Peristome developed proximally. Avicularia adventitous, adjacent to the primary orifice on each side, mandibles fan-shaped. Ovicell hyperstomial, imperforate, opening above level of primary orifice. Basal pore chambers present. Ancestrula tatiform with welldeveloped cryptocyst.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9C84EED3FFB0FFB8FF346C7318DC98C9" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="D421BD58FFB0FFB8FF346C73189E99E9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1214,1959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FF346C731B329AE4" bold="true" box="[199,315,1395,1419]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="139EC6DBFFB0FFB8FE156C7418899AE4" box="[486,640,1396,1419]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Bryopesanser" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FE156C7418899AE4" box="[486,640,1396,1419]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Bryopesanser</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species are often inconspicuous. Mature colonies and zooids of most species are relatively small.
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<collectingCountry id="AC89FDC8FFB0FFB8FE226C971BF99AC0" box="[465,496,1431,1455]" name="American Samoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">As</collectingCountry>
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indicated in the generic diagnosis, all
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<taxonomicName id="139EC6DBFFB0FFB8FC686C981E3C9AC0" box="[923,1077,1432,1455]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Bryopesanser" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FC686C981E3C9AC0" box="[923,1077,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Bryopesanser</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species share a number of gross morphological characters that are the most likely cause of the constant misidentification of
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<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FB4F6CBC1AD69A99" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="139EC6DBFFB0FFB8FB4F6CBC1F959ABC" box="[1212,1436,1468,1491]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Bryopesanser" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="pesanseris" subSpecies="sensu">
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B. pesanseris
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDD9DC31FFB0FFB8FAAD6CBC1F959ABC" box="[1374,1436,1468,1491]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</taxonomicName>
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stricto
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</emphasis>
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over the years. It is only really through the use of scanning electron microscopy that the more subtle differences are seen in these gross morphological characters, that is: the primary orifice (shape of articular condyles, proximal orificial rim, sinus and peristome), avicularia (size and position) and frontal pore morphology. The generic diagnosis has not been amended as Dick
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<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FD446F4C18E1990C" box="[695,744,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
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. (2006) recommended, pending photographic confirmation of setiform avicularian mandibles as a character.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D421BD58FFB0FFB8FF346F9318DC98C9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1214,1959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<bibRefCitation id="B00FC0A9FFB0FFB8FF346F931B7999C5" author="Harmer" box="[199,368,1682,1706]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1957) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 4. Cheilostomata Ascophora II. Siboga Expeditie, 28 D, 641 - 1147." type="journal article" year="1957">Harmer (1957)</bibRefCitation>
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noted slight differences in the specimens he examined, all of which had been assigned to the ‘well-known’ species
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<taxonomicName id="139EC6DBFFB0FFB8FE7D6FB818AC99A1" box="[398,677,1719,1743]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Bryopesanser" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pesanseris">
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<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FE7D6FB818AC99A1" box="[398,677,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Bryopesanser pesanseris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, believed to be circumglobal in distribution in warm-temperate and tropical shallow waters until Tilbrook (2006) demonstrated the existence of a complex of similar forms. The complex of morphologically distinct species described below mirrors that found in many other bryozoan species and genera, e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="139EC6DBFFB0FFB8FED66E2319A99855" authority="(Hincks, 1880) (Tilbrook, 1998)" authorityName="(Hincks, 1880) (Tilbrook" authorityYear="1998" box="[293,928,1826,1851]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Antroporidae" genus="Antropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="granulifera">
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<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FED66E23182A9854" box="[293,547,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Antropora granulifera</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="B00FC0A9FFB0FFB8FDC76E2218C69855" author="Hincks" box="[564,719,1826,1850]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Hincks, T. (1880) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. I. Madeiran Polyzoa. II. Foreign Membraniporina. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, 6, 69 - 92." type="journal article" year="1880">Hincks, 1880</bibRefCitation>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="B00FC0A9FFB0FFB8FD1A6E2219919855" author="Tilbrook" box="[745,920,1826,1850]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (1998) The species of Antropora Norman, 1903 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida), with the description of a new genus in the Calloporoidea. Records of the South Australian Museum, 31, 25 - 49." type="journal article" year="1998">Tilbrook, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="139EC6DBFFB0FFB8FC5C6E231F699855" authority="Busk, 1884" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1884" box="[943,1376,1826,1851]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Hippopodina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="feegeensis">
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<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FC5C6E231EC99854" box="[943,1216,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Hippopodina feegeensis</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="B00FC0A9FFB0FFB8FB216E221F5E9855" author="Busk" box="[1234,1367,1826,1850]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Busk G. (1884) Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part 1. The Cheilostomata. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 10 (30), 1 - 216." type="journal article" year="1884">Busk, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="B00FC0A9FFB0FFB8FA816E221B2F9831" author="Tilbrook" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (1999) Description of Hippopodina feegeensis and three other species of Hippopodina Levinsen, 1909 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida). Journal of Zoology, London, 247, 449 - 456." type="journal article" year="1999">Tilbrook, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, 2006),
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<taxonomicName id="139EC6DBFFB0FFB8FE7A6E46198E9831" authority="Levinsen, 1909 (Tilbrook, 2001)" authorityName="Levinsen, 1909 (Tilbrook" authorityYear="2001" box="[393,903,1862,1886]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FE7A6E461BF79831" box="[393,510,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Stylopoma</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="B00FC0A9FFB0FFB8FDF96E4618B29831" author="Levinsen" box="[522,699,1862,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1909) Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Copenhagen: Nationale Forfatteres Forlag. 427 p." type="book" year="1909">Levinsen, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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||
(Tilbrook, 2001)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName id="139EC6DBFFB0FFB8FC646E461F219831" authority="Canu & Bassler, 1919" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1919" box="[919,1320,1862,1886]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cupuladriidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FC646E461E119831" box="[919,1048,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Cupuladria</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="B00FC0A9FFB0FFB8FBD76E461F219831" author="Canu" box="[1060,1320,1862,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1919) Fossil Bryozoa from the West Indies. Publications of the Carnegie Institution, 291, 75 - 102." type="journal article" year="1919">Canu & Bassler, 1919</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(Herrera- Cubilla
|
||
<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FF056E6C1B2798EC" box="[246,302,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2006),
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||
<taxonomicName id="139EC6DBFFB0FFB8FE646E6B197B98ED" authority="Jullien, 1886 (Harmelin, 2006)" authorityName="Jullien, 1886 (Harmelin" authorityYear="2006" box="[407,882,1898,1923]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FE646E6B1BFF98EC" box="[407,502,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Puellina</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="B00FC0A9FFB0FFB8FDF06E6A189398ED" author="Jullien" box="[515,666,1898,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Jullien J. (1886) Les Costulidees, nouvelle famille de Bryozoaires. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 11, 601 - 620." type="journal article" year="1886">Jullien, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B00FC0A9FFB0FFB8FD5D6E6A196398ED" author="Harmelin" box="[686,874,1898,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (2006) The Puellina flabellifera species complex: a remarkable example of worldwide species radiation in cribrimorph bryozoans. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 257, 73 - 91." type="journal article" year="2006">Harmelin, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="139EC6DBFFB0FFB8FC706E6B1F6B98ED" authority="Hincks, 1881 (Dick, 2008)" authorityName="Hincks, 1881 (Dick" authorityYear="2008" box="[899,1378,1898,1923]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Monoporellidae" genus="Monoporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FC706E6B1E1D98EC" box="[899,1044,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Monoporella</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="B00FC0A9FFB0FFB8FBD16E6A1EB498ED" author="Hincks" box="[1058,1213,1898,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Hincks, T. (1881) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. VI. Polyzoa from Bass's Straits. VII. Foreign Membraniporina (third series). VIII. Foreign Cheilostomata miscellaneous). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, 8, 1 - 14, 122 - 136." type="journal article" year="1881">Hincks, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B00FC0A9FFB0FFB8FB216E6A1F5398ED" author="Dick" box="[1234,1370,1898,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Dick, M. H. (2008) Unexpectedly high diversity of Monoporella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: taxonomy and distribution of six new species. Zoological Science, 25, 36 - 52." type="journal article" year="2008">Dick, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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||
<taxonomicName id="139EC6DBFFB0FFB8FF646E8E18D898C9" authority="Hincks, 1877 (Harmelin et al., 2011)" authorityName="Hincks, 1877 (Harmelin et al." authorityYear="2011" box="[151,721,1934,1959]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FF646E8E1B2298C9" box="[151,299,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Microporella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B00FC0A9FFB0FFB8FEC26E8E1BCF98C9" author="Hincks" box="[305,454,1934,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Hincks, T. (1877) On British Polyzoa, Part II. Classification. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 4, 20, 520 - 532." type="journal article" year="1877">Hincks, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B00FC0A9FFB0FFB8FE266E8E18C098C9" author="Harmelin" box="[469,713,1934,1959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Harmelin, J. - G., Ostrovsky, A. N., Caceres-Chamizo, J. & Sanner, J. (2011). Bryodiversity in the tropics: taxonomy of Microporella species (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) with personate maternal zooids from Indian Ocean, Red Sea and southeast Mediterranean. Zootaxa, 2798, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Harmelin
|
||
<emphasis id="E6EA614AFFB0FFB8FDB46E90187098C9" box="[583,633,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |