317 lines
39 KiB
XML
317 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="552C86C346B6BB3D3B11ED4D2BD00D53" ID-CLB-Dataset="22829" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4766.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7fa4a4ce-5db2-4d06-adeb-db21b0574cef" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764018" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B47DC09C-181A-4DFE-B415-770AFFC11BD3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1587671180438" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2020" docId="03AE8786FF9CD564FF40218EFD145EE3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4766.2.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4766 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sibogaster bathyheuretor Mah 2020, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="237" masterDocId="FF97FFFEFFBDD540FFD72117FFDE5D28" masterDocTitle="New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="234" updateTime="1698835771181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="9FF5EAE6D8D1AE234D442AFFD7750840">New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="717243AB94F7A5AEAD18EEF24FF1140D">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="97AD7CE07B7B47DC564776719B594965">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="ECCE2C202BBE87638C8FF226D1C3A646">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4F414164432F3F20966FFF48290E7F96">2020-04-20</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03AE8786FF9CD564FF40218EFD145EE3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3803714" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163737331" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3803714" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE8786FF9CD564FF40218EFD145EE3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE8786FF9CD564FF40218EFD145EE3" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF9CD561FF40218EFDCD5D9C" box="[151,531,153,180]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9CD561FF40218EFDCD5D9C" blockId="33.[151,531,153,216]" box="[151,531,153,180]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<heading id="D0F081FCFF9CD561FF40218EFDCD5D9C" bold="true" box="[151,531,153,180]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9CD561FF40218EFDCD5D9C" bold="true" box="[151,531,153,180]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF9CD561FF40218EFE175D9C" ID-CoL="84D9F" authority="Mah, 2020" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,457,153,180]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bathyheuretor" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9CD561FF40218EFE175D9C" bold="true" box="[151,457,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Sibogaster bathyheuretor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24057F9FF9CD561FE07218DFDCD5D9C" box="[464,531,154,180]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF9CD561FF4021AAFE7C5DFF" box="[151,418,189,216]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9CD561FF4021AAFE7C5DFF" blockId="33.[151,531,153,216]" box="[151,418,189,216]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<figureCitation id="133C2A15FF9CD561FF4021AAFED25DF0" box="[151,268,189,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1875,1900]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,246,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,237,1850]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 15. Sibognaster bathyheuretor n. sp. Holotype. USNM 1507293 A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=5.0 mm. B. Close up abactinal surface. Scale bar=8.0 mm. C. Oral surface. Scale bar=5.0 mm. D. Furrow spination. Scale bar=1.0 mm. E. Lateral view showing marginal plate surface. Scale bar=2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764048/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Figures 15</figureCitation>
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A–E, 16A–D
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF9CD561FF402012FBBA5C4F" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9CD561FF402012FED15C37" blockId="33.[151,1436,261,360]" box="[151,271,261,287]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9CD561FF402012FED15C37" box="[151,271,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Etymology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9CD561FF10203EFBBA5C4F" blockId="33.[151,1436,261,360]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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The species epithet is a combination of the Greek
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9CD561FCDD203EFC8D5C6B" box="[778,851,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">bathys</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9CD561FC5A203EFC325C6B" box="[909,1004,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">heuretor</emphasis>
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for “deep discoverer” and honors the ROV
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9CD561FF0E2059FE485C4F" box="[217,406,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Deep Discoverer</emphasis>
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which collected this and many other
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF9CD561FCEE205AFBDB5C4F" authority="Explorer" authorityName="Explorer" box="[825,1029,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9CD561FCEE205AFBDB5C4F" box="[825,1029,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Okeanos Explorer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF9CD561FF402081FE085F17" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9CD561FF402081FED35C98" blockId="33.[151,1436,406,576]" box="[151,269,406,432]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9CD561FF402081FED35C98" box="[151,269,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Comments</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9CD561FF1020AEFE085F17" blockId="33.[151,1436,406,576]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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This species is similar to a widely distributed species described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FF9CD561FC7C20AEFBF15CFC" author="Mah, C. L." box="[939,1071,441,468]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="101 - 141" refId="ref29802" refString="Mah, C. L. (2016) Deep-sea (> 1000 m) Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea) from the North Pacific, including an overview of Sibogaster, Bathyceramaster n. gen. and three new species. Zootaxa, 4175 (2), 101 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4175.2.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Mah (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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from abyssal settings (>
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<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF9CD561FAEA20AEFA4A5CFC" box="[1341,1428,441,468]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
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) in the Atlantic and the North and Central Pacific. This represents the first occurrence of
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF9CD561FBBF20CAFB3E5CDF" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1924" box="[1128,1248,477,503]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9CD561FBBF20CAFB3E5CDF" box="[1128,1248,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Sibogaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Gulf of
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<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF9CD561FF402316FF2E5F33" box="[151,240,513,539]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Mexico</collectingRegion>
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. Although
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF9CD561FEBC2316FDE75F33" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2016" box="[363,569,513,539]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nieseni">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9CD561FEBC2316FDE75F33" box="[363,569,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Sibogaster nieseni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been imaged in the Pacific, this represents the first
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9CD561FB792315FB2D5F33" box="[1198,1267,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">in situ</emphasis>
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observation of this genus from the Atlantic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF9CD561FF40237AFC19593C" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9CD561FF40237AFE735FAF" blockId="33.[151,1437,621,1044]" box="[151,429,621,647]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9CD561FF40237AFE735FAF" box="[151,429,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Ecological Observations</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9CD561FF102386FA9A5EE4" blockId="33.[151,1437,621,1044]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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This species was observed feeding on a wide range of possible food and prey items, primarily from the West
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<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF9CD561FF4023A2FF365FE7" box="[151,232,693,719]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Florida</collectingRegion>
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Escarpment. One observation at
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<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF9CD561FD8D23A2FD715FF8" box="[602,687,693,720]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1919999999999997" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" unit="m" value="2192.0">2192 m</quantity>
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showed an individual perched on a denuded black coral stalk, having apparently digested the living tissue (
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<figureCitation id="133C2A15FF9CD561FDB423CEFD175FDC" box="[611,713,729,756]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1431,1456]" captionTargetBox="[161,1429,174,1409]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,166,1413]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 16. Sibogaster bathyheuretor n. sp. In situ. A. Holotype. USNM 1507293 West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, 2597 m. B. Entrenched in sediment, Perdido Canyon, Gulf of Mexico, 26.1466, 94.86662, 2777 m, C. Feeding on antipatharian. West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, 2192.9m. D. Feeding on sponges/sargassum West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, 2138 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764050/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
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). A subsequent observation at
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<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF9CD561FBCB23CEFBAF5FDC" box="[1052,1137,729,756]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.138" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" unit="m" value="2138.0">2138 m</quantity>
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shows this species present between sargassum and elongate glass sponge spicules (
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<figureCitation id="133C2A15FF9CD561FCDD23EAFCAE5E30" box="[778,880,765,792]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1431,1456]" captionTargetBox="[161,1429,174,1409]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,166,1413]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 16. Sibogaster bathyheuretor n. sp. In situ. A. Holotype. USNM 1507293 West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, 2597 m. B. Entrenched in sediment, Perdido Canyon, Gulf of Mexico, 26.1466, 94.86662, 2777 m, C. Feeding on antipatharian. West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, 2192.9m. D. Feeding on sponges/sargassum West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, 2138 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764050/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Fig. 16D</figureCitation>
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). This latter observation likely represents the animal feeding either on the sargassum or epizoic on the sargassum. The collected specimen from the West
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<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF9CD561FAF72236FAAF5E13" box="[1312,1393,801,827]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Florida</collectingRegion>
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Escarpment (USNM 1507293) was observed elevated above the sediment surface and feeding on unidentified subject below it (
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<figureCitation id="133C2A15FF9CD561FED3227EFEB45EAC" box="[260,362,873,900]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1431,1456]" captionTargetBox="[161,1429,174,1409]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,166,1413]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 16. Sibogaster bathyheuretor n. sp. In situ. A. Holotype. USNM 1507293 West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, 2597 m. B. Entrenched in sediment, Perdido Canyon, Gulf of Mexico, 26.1466, 94.86662, 2777 m, C. Feeding on antipatharian. West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, 2192.9m. D. Feeding on sponges/sargassum West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, 2138 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764050/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
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). Following collection of the specimen however, no evident prey was observed attached to the mouth and the substrate the animal was sitting on showed no evident prey item. Its possible the animal was feeding on sediment, or possibly a sedimentary structure such as the test from a xenophyophoreans (Foraminifera).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9CD561FF1022C2FC19593C" blockId="33.[151,1437,621,1044]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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The Perdido Canyon observation showed the specimen with its lower surface buried into what appeared to be flocculent sediment suggesting deposit feeding by the animal (
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<figureCitation id="133C2A15FF9CD561FC8322EEFC69593C" box="[852,951,1017,1044]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1431,1456]" captionTargetBox="[161,1429,174,1409]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,166,1413]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 16. Sibogaster bathyheuretor n. sp. In situ. A. Holotype. USNM 1507293 West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, 2597 m. B. Entrenched in sediment, Perdido Canyon, Gulf of Mexico, 26.1466, 94.86662, 2777 m, C. Feeding on antipatharian. West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, 2192.9m. D. Feeding on sponges/sargassum West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, 2138 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764050/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF9CD561FF402555FB425974" box="[151,1180,1089,1116]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9CD561FF402555FB425974" blockId="33.[151,1180,1089,1116]" box="[151,1180,1089,1116]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9CD561FF402555FEFD5974" box="[151,291,1090,1116]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Occurrence:</emphasis>
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Perdido Canyon and West
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<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF9CD561FD832556FD7B5973" box="[596,677,1089,1115]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Florida</collectingRegion>
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Escarpment, Gulf of
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<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF9CD561FC402556FC2E5973" box="[919,1008,1089,1115]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Mexico</collectingRegion>
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.
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<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF9CD561FC2D2556FB465974" box="[1018,1176,1089,1116]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.687" metricValueMax="2.777" metricValueMin="2.597" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" unit="m" value="2687.0" valueMax="2777.0" valueMin="2597.0">2597–2777 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF9CD564FF40259DFE3B5DFF" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9CD561FF40259DFEC5598B" blockId="33.[151,1437,1162,2016]" box="[151,283,1162,1187]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9CD561FF40259DFEC5598B" box="[151,283,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9CD561FF1025BAFDE559C3" blockId="33.[151,1437,1162,2016]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Body stellate (R/r=2.07) with broadly curved to straight interradial arcs. Arms triangular with pointed tips. Specimen with one arm regenerating.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9CD561FF1025E2FAAC5B18" blockId="33.[151,1437,1162,2016]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
|
||
Abactinal plates flat, round to polygonal in outline with smooth, bare surface. Plates with one to four small crystal bodies centrally on each plate. Each plate with 10–50 small quadrate granules, forming a wide periphery around each plate. Granules taking about 10% of the total diameter. Granules centrally on disk becoming more abundant especially within the primary circlet. Plates larger and more circular proximally becoming smaller, more ovate and irregular in shape distally adjacent to superomarginal plate contact. Abactinal plates extend from disk along arm where distalmost superomarginal plates are abutted becoming weakly convex on arms. Madreporite strongly convex with well developed sulci. Madreporite with two to four series of granules forming periphery around it, flanked by six to eight abactinal plates. Marginal plates extending away from abactinal surface. Anus located centrally on disk but surrounded by approximately 10 granules closely arranged around it, but more open when observed
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9CD561FAF12701FAB45B07" box="[1318,1386,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9CD561FF10272EFE545A5B" blockId="33.[151,1437,1162,2016]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
|
||
Superomarginals 20 per interradius, from arm tip to arm tip, 20–21 inferomarginals, slightly offset from superomarginals distally but with 1:1 correspondence proximally. Superomarginal surface with mostly bald, smooth quadrate surface, remaining lateral region on superomarginal plate with 10–30, mostly ~20, round, evenly distributed granules. In situ observations show interradial superomarginals with widely spaced 40 to 200 round granules with pointed tips becoming bare and smooth distally. Inferomarginals with 100–400 round to pointed granules, widely distributed. One or two interradial inferomarginal plates with small paddle-like pedicellariae (about 1.0 mm in length). Small peripheral granules, approximately 20 per side, total, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF9CD561FBB02606FB045A03" box="[1127,1242,1809,1836]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.921" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" unit="in" value="115.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="80.0">80–150 in</quantity>
|
||
total. Distalmost two or three superomarginals abutted over midline. Terminal plate triangular in shape, similar in size to one adjacent superomarginal plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9CD562FF10266AFCFB5DFF" blockId="33.[151,1437,1162,2016]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1436,153,215]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Actinal surface flat, composed of approximately 2 full series in chevron-like format with one or two irregular, incomplete series present distally adjacent to inferomarginals. Individual plates quadrate to irregular in shape. Surface with 10–50 widely spaced granules, ranging from round to angular and pointed. Smaller peripheral granules, approximately five to eight per side, totaling 20 to 40, central granules larger, more irregular. Granules similar in size and distribution with those on inferomarginal surface.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF786618FF9FD562FF402644FD075A9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764048" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764048/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="235" startId="34.[151,250,1875,1900]" targetBox="[163,1426,246,1842]" targetPageId="34">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9FD562FF402644FD075A9B" blockId="34.[151,1437,1875,1972]" pageId="34" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9FD562FF402644FEC75A44" bold="true" box="[151,281,1875,1900]" pageId="34" pageNumber="235">FIGURE 15</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9FD562FEF12644FC675A44" bold="true" box="[294,953,1875,1900]" pageId="34" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF9FD562FEF12644FDE35A44" authority="Mah, 2020" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2020" box="[294,573,1875,1900]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Sibognaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="34" pageNumber="235" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bathyheuretor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9FD562FEF12644FDE35A44" bold="true" box="[294,573,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="235">Sibognaster bathyheuretor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24057F9FF9FD562FD942643FDA25A44" box="[579,636,1876,1900]" pageId="34" pageNumber="235" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Holotype. USNM 1507293 A.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal surface. Scale bar=5.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9FD562FA922643FA825A44" bold="true" box="[1349,1372,1876,1900]" pageId="34" pageNumber="235">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Close up abactinal surface. Scale bar=8.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9FD562FDE62660FD975AB8" bold="true" box="[561,585,1911,1936]" pageId="34" pageNumber="235">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Oral surface. Scale bar=5.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9FD562FC4B266FFC6A5AB8" bold="true" box="[924,948,1912,1936]" pageId="34" pageNumber="235">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Furrow spination. Scale bar=1.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9FD562FAEF266FFA915AB8" bold="true" box="[1336,1359,1912,1936]" pageId="34" pageNumber="235">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view showing marginal plate surface. Scale bar=2.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF786618FF9ED563FF402480FE9B5B33" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764050" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764050/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" startId="35.[151,250,1431,1456]" targetBox="[161,1429,174,1409]" targetPageId="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9ED563FF402480FE9B5B33" blockId="35.[151,1436,1431,1564]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9ED563FF402480FD085898" bold="true" box="[151,726,1431,1456]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">
|
||
FIGURE 16.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF9ED563FEF32480FDF55898" authority="Mah, 2020" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2020" box="[292,555,1431,1456]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bathyheuretor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9ED563FEF32480FDF55898" bold="true" box="[292,555,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Sibogaster bathyheuretor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24057F9FF9ED563FDE7248FFDB75898" box="[560,617,1432,1456]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9ED563FDB9248FFD695898" bold="true" box="[622,695,1432,1456]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">In situ.</emphasis>
|
||
A.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype. USNM 1507293 West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, 2597 m.
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9ED563FF2524ABFED758FC" bold="true" box="[242,265,1468,1492]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Entrenched in sediment, Perdido Canyon, Gulf of Mexico, 26.1466, 94.86662, 2777 m,
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9ED563FB4124ACFB7058FC" bold="true" box="[1174,1198,1467,1492]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Feeding on antipatharian. West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, 2192.9m.
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF9ED563FD3424F7FD2258D0" bold="true" box="[739,764,1504,1528]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Feeding on sponges/sargassum West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, 2138 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9ED563FF10275CFE045A14" blockId="35.[151,1437,1610,2033]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Furrow spines seven to eight in a straight to weakly curved fan, spines blunt-tipped. A single large paddleshaped subambulacral pedicellariae present immediately adjacent to furrow spines on first six adambulacral plates. Pedicellariae the size of two to three adjacent granules.Adambulacral plate surface around pedicellariae smooth and clear of accessories. First adambulacral plates with largest pedicellariae. Adambulacral plate surface with one or two regular series, each with three to five pointed or angular granules, widely spaced, separated from pedicellariae by discrete space. Distalmost six to eight adambulacral plates with prominent spine, blunt, cylindrical in cross-section becoming larger near am tip.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF9ED563FF102651FC705AD8" blockId="35.[151,1437,1610,2033]" pageId="35" pageNumber="236">Oral plates with 14 furrow spines, flattened to quadrate in cross-section with a single prominent spine projecting into the mouth, one per plate (thus two per interradius). Oral plate surface adjacent to furrow spines bare and smooth. Fossae between paired oral plates with tissue, granules eight to ten, paired on each side. Prominent paired spines as part of granule series on each half of the oral plate series. Oral plates with five to seven widely spaced angular plates around periphery in contact with adjacent actinal plates.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF10218EFE3B5DFF" blockId="36.[151,1436,153,215]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Color in life, white on disk with central orange on each plate. Marginals and arm plates dark orange. Regenerating arm white to light orange.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF99D564FF402012FD245E3F" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF402012FEF25C37" blockId="36.[151,1436,261,431]" box="[151,300,261,287]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF402012FEF25C37" box="[151,300,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF10203EFEE45C87" blockId="36.[151,1436,261,431]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
|
||
This species is distinguished primarily based on the differences along the adambulacral plate accessories.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FAB6203EFF035C4F" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1924" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FAB6203EFF035C4F" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Sibogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
n.sp. lacks the larger subambulacral spines observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FC83205AFC615C4F" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2016" box="[852,959,333,359]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nieseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FC83205AFC615C4F" box="[852,959,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">S. nieseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and possesses pedicellariae on the surface of the adambulacral plate which are paddle-shaped and different from the more tong-shaped pedicellariae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FAB62066FEED5C87" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2016" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nieseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FAB62066FEED5C87" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Sibogaster nieseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF4020C9FE845CDF" blockId="36.[151,1146,477,791]" box="[151,346,477,503]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF4020C9FE845CDF" box="[151,346,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Images Observed</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF102316FD245F17" blockId="36.[151,1146,477,791]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
|
||
Perdido Canyon, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF99D564FE342316FDE55F33" box="[483,571,513,539]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF99D564FD902316FD7B5F33" box="[583,677,513,539]" degrees="26.1466" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" precision="5" value="26.1466">26.1466</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF99D564FD672316FCC25F33" box="[688,796,513,539]" degrees="94.86662" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" precision="1" value="94.86662">94.86662</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF99D564FCF02316FCA05F33" box="[807,894,513,539]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.777" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" unit="m" value="2777.0">2777 m</quantity>
|
||
, EX1803_IMG_20180418T164814Z_ROVHD.jpg
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF10235EFD275FAF" blockId="36.[151,1146,477,791]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
|
||
DeSoto Canyon, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF99D564FE37235EFDE65F4B" box="[480,568,585,611]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF99D564FD94235EFD715F4B" box="[579,687,585,611]" degrees="28.28367" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" precision="1" value="28.28367">28.28367</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF99D564FD6D235FFCEE5F4B" box="[698,816,584,611]" degrees="87.22315" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" precision="1" value="-87.22315">-87.22315</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF99D564FCEC235EFC4E5F4B" box="[827,912,585,611]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.629" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" unit="m" value="2629.0">2629 m</quantity>
|
||
EX1803_IMG_20180425T151605Z_ROVHD.jpg
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF102386FD245FE7" blockId="36.[151,1146,477,791]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
|
||
black coral. West
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF99D564FE582386FE3E5F83" box="[399,480,657,683]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
Escarpment, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF99D564FD062386FCF95F83" box="[721,807,657,683]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF99D564FCF92386FC445F83" box="[814,922,657,683]" degrees="24.91709" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" precision="1" value="24.91709">24.91709</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF99D564FC722387FBC45F83" box="[933,1050,656,683]" degrees="84.49052" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" precision="1" value="-84.49052">-84.49052</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF99D564FBF22386FBA45F83" box="[1061,1146,657,683]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1919999999999997" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" unit="m" value="2192.0">2192 m</quantity>
|
||
EX1803_IMG_20180430T161527Z_ROVHD.jpg
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF1023CEFD245E3F" blockId="36.[151,1146,477,791]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
|
||
West
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF99D564FED223CEFE885FDB" box="[261,342,729,755]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
Escarpment, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF99D564FD9F23CEFD405FDB" box="[584,670,729,755]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF99D564FD7223CFFCCF5FDB" box="[677,785,728,755]" degrees="24.91523" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" precision="1" value="24.91523">24.91523</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF99D564FCCB23CEFC5D5FDB" box="[796,899,729,755]" degrees="84.4933" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" precision="5" value="-84.4933">-84.4933</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF99D564FC5923CEFC3D5FDB" box="[910,995,729,755]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.138" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" unit="m" value="2138.0">2138 m</quantity>
|
||
EX1803_IMG_20180430T183436Z_ROVHD.jpg
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF99D564FF402252FD145EE3" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF402252FEAE5E77" blockId="36.[151,1437,837,971]" box="[151,368,837,863]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF402252FEAE5E77" box="[151,368,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Material Examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF10227EFD145EE3" blockId="36.[151,1437,837,971]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6F3CCDFF99D564FF10227EFD145EE3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608527143" collectingDate="27-03-01" collectingDateMax="36-05-21" collectingDateMin="27-03-01" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Coll. D. Wagner & Deep Discoverer & Ship" county="West" elevation="2597" latitude="27.71516" location="West Florida Escarpment" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.74739" municipality="Escarpment" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" specimenCode="USNM 1507293" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF10227EFEE55EAB" bold="true" box="[199,315,873,899]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BC8832FF99D564FF10227EFEE85EAB" box="[199,310,873,899]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA19EEBFF99D564FE95227EFE225EAB" box="[322,508,872,899]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="Museum">USNM 1507293</specimenCode>
|
||
<location id="8ED8604BFF99D564FDD4227EFCFE5EAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE8786FF9CD564FF40218EFD145EE3:8ED8604BFF99D564FDD4227EFCFE5EAB" box="[515,800,873,899]" county="West" latitude="27.71516" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.74739" municipality="Escarpment" name="West Florida Escarpment" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" stateProvince="Florida">West Florida Escarpment</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ED8604BFF99D564FCFB227EFC025EAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE8786FF9CD564FF40218EFD145EE3:8ED8604BFF99D564FCFB227EFC025EAB" box="[812,988,873,899]" county="West" latitude="27.71516" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.74739" municipality="Escarpment" name="Gulf of Mexico" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" stateProvince="Florida">Gulf of Mexico</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF99D564FC3F227FFB8A5EAB" box="[1000,1108,872,899]" degrees="27.71516" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" precision="1" value="27.71516">27.71516</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF99D564FB88227FFB0B5EAB" box="[1119,1237,872,899]" degrees="85.74739" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" precision="1" value="-85.74739">-85.74739</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF99D564FB37227FFAE95EAB" box="[1248,1335,872,899]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.597" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" unit="m" value="2597.0">
|
||
<elevation id="002AD1A3FF99D564FB37227FFAE95EAB" box="[1248,1335,872,899]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.597" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" unit="m" value="2597.0">2597 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26F25346FF99D564FA94227EFF315E8F" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Coll. D. Wagner</collectorName>
|
||
, with ROV
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FEA62299FDF35E8F" box="[369,557,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<collectorName id="26F25346FF99D564FEA62299FDF35E8F" box="[369,557,910,935]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Deep Discoverer</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
aboard NOAA
|
||
<collectorName id="26F25346FF99D564FD0D229AFCD35E8F" box="[730,781,909,935]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Ship</collectorName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FCC4229AFC3C5E8F" authority="Explorer." authorityName="Explorer." box="[787,994,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FCC4229AFC3C5E8F" box="[787,994,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Okeanos Explorer.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1 wet spec. R=2.7 r=
|
||
<date id="FFB91050FF99D564FB18229AFAC65E8F" box="[1231,1304,909,935]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" value="27-03-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFFDE9B8FF99D564FB18229AFAC65E8F" box="[1231,1304,909,935]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" value="27-03-01">1.3. 27</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
April 2018. EX1803_IMG_20180427T
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFFDE9B8FF99D564FE1F22A7FDC35EE3" box="[456,541,944,971]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" value="36-05-21">210536</collectingDate>
|
||
Z_ROVHD.jpg
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |