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<mods:title id="92E99BD7A8C2AA83758CDFEF52587529">Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="967E5C11AC3B9015FF5AFE4F1596FAFA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5944978" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159044028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5944978" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC3B9015FF5AFE4F1596FAFA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/967E5C11AC3B9015FF5AFE4F1596FAFA" lastPageNumber="222" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3B9015FF5AFE4F16FAFE45" blockId="21.[151,485,439,499]" box="[151,485,439,466]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3B9015FF5AFE4F16FAFE45" authority="Schenk, 1896" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,485,439,466]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FF5AFE4F16FAFE45" bold="true" box="[151,485,439,466]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FF5AFE4F1626FE46" bold="true" box="[151,313,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Xenia rubens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3B9015FE8DFE4016FAFE45" author="Schenk, A." box="[320,485,440,466]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC3B9015FF5AFE2217F9FE64" box="[151,230,474,499]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1575,1597]" captionTargetBox="[309,1278,193,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[309,1278,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 13. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia rubens Schenk, 1896 type (SMF 46). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerites revealing internal void; c. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm, at c 0.020 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363679/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3B9015FF5AFDDB16E5FDAF" blockId="21.[151,563,546,599]" box="[151,506,546,568]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3B9015FF5AFDDB16E5FDAF" authority="Schenk, 1896: 67 - 68" authorityName="Schenk" authorityPageNumber="67" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,506,546,568]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FF5AFDDB1602FDAF" box="[151,285,546,568]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Xenia rubens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3B9015FEE9FDDA16E5FDAF" author="Schenk, A." box="[292,506,546,568]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896: 6768</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3B9015FF5AFDBA1602FDC0" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,285,577,599]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FF5AFDBA1602FDC0" box="[151,285,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Xenia rubens</emphasis>
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;
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3B9015FEE6FDB9152CFDC0" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[299,563,577,599]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" pagination="635 - 662" refId="ref25770" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1902) Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien: I. Die Familie der Xeniiden. Zoologisches Jahrbuch, Abteilung fur systematic, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 15, 635 - 662. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 19040" type="journal article" year="1902">Kükenthal 1902: 647648</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FF5AFD7C1619FD0A" bold="true" box="[151,262,644,669]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC3B9015FEC0FD7C1316FD0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475061" box="[269,1033,644,669]" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="W. Kukenthal." country="Indonesia" location="Indonesia" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" specimenCode="SMF 46" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FEC0FD7C1650FD0A" bold="true" box="[269,335,644,669]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC3B9015FEC0FD7C1655FD0A" box="[269,330,644,669]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Type</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC3B9015FE95FD7C16AAFD0A" box="[344,437,644,669]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">SMF 46</specimenCode>
,
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC3B9015FE0CFD7C152EFD0A" box="[449,561,644,669]" name="Indonesia" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC3B9015FDF1FD7D15C2FD0A" box="[572,733,644,669]" name="Ternate Island" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Ternate Island</collectingCountry>
, 1894, coll.
<collectorName id="B32288D1AC3B9015FCAAFD7D1316FD0A" box="[871,1033,644,669]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">W. Kükenthal.</collectorName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3B9015FF0AFD5F167DFC0F" blockId="21.[151,1437,644,1389]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FF0AFD5F1646FD57" bold="true" box="[199,345,679,704]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Description.</emphasis>
The
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is
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high; its stalk is
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long and splits
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above the base into two branches; one branch is
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3B9015FE62FD34151EFD73" box="[431,513,716,740]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
long,
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wide at its base and
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3B9015FC5BFD3414F8FD73" box="[918,999,716,740]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
wide at its uppermost part. The other branch is
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3B9015FECBFD081649FC90" box="[262,342,752,776]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3B9015FE52FD0816F0FC90" box="[415,495,752,776]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
wide at its base and
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wide at the uppermost part. The polyp body is up to
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long, and the tentacles are up to
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long. Mostly four rows of pinnules are aligned along each of the tentacle margins, occasionally 3 and even 5 rows, with 1219 pinnules in the outermost row. The pinnules are relatively short and stout, up to
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long and
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wide, with spacing of no gap to up to a half pinnule-width between adjacent pinnules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3B9015FF0AFC5C1593FBDA" blockId="21.[151,1437,644,1389]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
Sclerites are mainly ellipsoid platelets that appear in all parts of the colony,
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X
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mm
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in diameter (
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC3B9015FECAFC3F1685FC77" box="[263,410,967,992]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1575,1597]" captionTargetBox="[309,1278,193,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[309,1278,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 13. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia rubens Schenk, 1896 type (SMF 46). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerites revealing internal void; c. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm, at c 0.020 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363679/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Fig. 13a, c, n</figureCitation>
=20). Some sclerites may feature a slightly rectangular outline and others are either round or elongated. Their surface appears uniformly granular with no fractures. Broken sclerites reveal the internal structure to consist of radial rods at the periphery and a centrally located void within their center (Fig. b). The ethanolpreserved
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is light beige-yellow in color.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3B9015FF0AFBAF121BFB02" blockId="21.[151,1437,644,1389]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FF0AFBAF1624FBE7" bold="true" box="[199,315,1111,1136]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Remarks.</emphasis>
In the original description
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3B9015FDB4FBAF143FFBE7" author="Schenk, A." box="[633,800,1111,1136]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk (1896)</bibRefCitation>
indicates that
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3B9015FC06FBA11326FBE7" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[971,1081,1111,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FC06FBA11326FBE7" box="[971,1081,1111,1136]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">X. rubens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
features 56 irregular rows of pinnules and 1820 pinnules in the outermost row, which closely corresponds to the current findings.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3B9015FF0AFB671505FADF" blockId="21.[151,1437,644,1389]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FF0AFB671551FB2F" bold="true" box="[199,590,1183,1208]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Similar species and conclusions.</emphasis>
Both
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3B9015FD55FB591419FB2F" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[664,774,1183,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FD55FB591419FB2F" box="[664,774,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">X. rubens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3B9015FC8EFB5914BEFB2F" authorityName=", Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[835,929,1184,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FC8EFB5914BEFB2F" box="[835,929,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">X. fusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
feature mostly four rows of pinnules and a similar number of pinnules in the outermost row (
<date id="6A69CBC7AC3B9015FD17FB3C14B9FB4B" box="[730,934,1220,1245]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" value="1922-12-19" valueMax="1922-12-14" valueMin="1922-12-19">1219 and 1422</date>
, respectively). They share a similar
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC3B9015FA86FB3D1264FB4A" box="[1355,1403,1221,1245]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">type</typeStatus>
of granular sclerite surface but different internal microstructure (
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC3B9015FCA9FB1F14DDFA97" box="[868,962,1255,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1575,1597]" captionTargetBox="[309,1278,193,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[309,1278,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 13. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia rubens Schenk, 1896 type (SMF 46). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerites revealing internal void; c. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm, at c 0.020 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363679/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC3B9015FBCDFB1F130FFA97" box="[1024,1040,1255,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1662,1684]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,409,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[340,1247,409,1641]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia fusca Schenk, 1896 syntype (SMF 40). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of dendritic calcite rods and more or less radially arranged in the peripheral region; c. Overview of sclerites. Scale at a and c 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363665/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">6</figureCitation>
, respectively). Although the latter difference might be rather small, until further data based on freshly collected colonies become available the two species are considered as separate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3B9015FF0AFAAC1596FAFA" blockId="21.[151,1437,644,1389]" box="[199,649,1364,1389]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FF0AFAAC167FFAFA" bold="true" box="[199,352,1364,1389]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC3B9015FEAAFAAC16C7FAFA" box="[359,472,1364,1389]" name="Indonesia" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC3B9015FE2EFAAD159AFAFA" box="[483,645,1364,1389]" name="Ternate Island" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Ternate Island</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>