379 lines
47 KiB
XML
379 lines
47 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="86632FA8F04CFD665F123EA2C98B3FCE">Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="967E5C11AC289008FF5AFAC914B6FE62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5944956" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159044034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5944956" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC289008FF5AFAC914B6FE62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/967E5C11AC289008FF5AFAC914B6FE62" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC289006FF5AFAC916C7FADC" blockId="6.[151,472,1329,1389]" box="[151,472,1329,1355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC289006FF5AFAC916C7FADC" authority="Schenk, 1896" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,472,1329,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blumi">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC289006FF5AFAC916C7FADC" bold="true" box="[151,472,1329,1355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC289006FF5AFAC91633FADC" bold="true" box="[151,300,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Xenia blumi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC289006FEFEFAC916C7FADC" author="Schenk, A." box="[307,472,1329,1355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC289006FF5AFAAC17E0FAFA" blockId="6.[151,472,1329,1389]" box="[151,255,1364,1389]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
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<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC289006FF5AFAAC17FBFAFA" box="[151,228,1364,1389]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1427,1449]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1406]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[309,1277,193,1406]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia blumi Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 44). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Fractured sclerite enlarged; c. Fractured sclerite composed of dendritic rods; d. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a, c and d 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363659/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC289006FF3CFAAD17E0FAFA" box="[241,255,1365,1389]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1430,1452]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,547,1409]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[309,1277,547,1409]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia plicata Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 45). a. Ellipsoid platelets, most fractured; b. Fractured sclerite; c. Fractured sclerite, enlarged, composed of calcite rods, often dendritic and sinuous, and more or less radially arranged in the peripheral region. Scale bar at a and b 0.010 mm, at c 0.001 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363661/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC289006FF5AFA6516E9FA25" authority="Schenk, 1896: 65 - 66" authorityName="Schenk" authorityPageNumber="65" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,502,1436,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blumi">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC289006FF5AFA65160CFA25" box="[151,275,1436,1458]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Xenia blumi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC289006FED7FA6416E9FA25" author="Schenk, A." box="[282,502,1436,1458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896: 65–66</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC289006FDCCFA6515A5FA25" author="May, W." box="[513,698,1436,1458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref26131" refString="May, W. (1899) Beitrage zur Systematik und Chorologie der Alcyonaceen. Jenaische Zeitsch. Naturwiss, 33 (Neue Folge 26), 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1899">
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<date id="6A69CBC7AC289006FDCCFA651572FA25" box="[513,621,1436,1458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" value="1899-05">May 1899</date>
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||
: 81–82
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC289006FD0BFA6414BEFA25" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[710,929,1436,1458]" page="650" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" year="1902">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC289006FD0BFA6414BEFA25" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[710,929,1436,1458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="635 - 662" refId="ref25770" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1902) Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien: I. Die Familie der Xeniiden. Zoologisches Jahrbuch, Abteilung fur systematic, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 15, 635 - 662. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 19040" type="journal article" year="1902">Kükenthal 1902: 650</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC289006FC61FA65134FFA25" author="Roxas, H. A." box="[940,1104,1436,1458]" page="83" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" year="1933">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC289006FC61FA65134FFA25" author="Roxas, H. A." box="[940,1104,1436,1458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="49 - 108" refId="ref26841" refString="Roxas, H. A. (1933) Philippine Alcyonaria, the Families Cornulariidae and Xeniidae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 50, 49 - 108." type="journal article" year="1933">Roxas 1933: 83</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC289006FB96FA64123AFA25" author="Gohar, H. A. F." box="[1115,1317,1436,1458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="27 - 118" refId="ref24908" refString="Gohar, H. A. F. (1940) Studies on the Xeniidae of the Red Sea. Their ecology, physiology, taxonomy and phylogeny. Publications of the Marine Biological Station, Ghardaqa, Red Sea, 2, 27 - 118." type="journal article" year="1940">Gohar 1940: 98–99</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC289006FAFCFA641655FA46" author="Verseveldt, J." pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="28 - 48" refId="ref27640" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1965) Report on the Octocorallia (Stolonifera and Alcyonacea) of the Israel South Red Sea Expedition 1962, with notes on other collections from the Red Sea. Fishery Research Station Haifa Bulletin, 40, 28 - 48." type="journal article" year="1965">Verseveldt 1965: 45–46</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC289006FE99FA431577FA46" author="Tixier-Durivault, A." box="[340,616,1467,1489]" page="365" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC289006FE99FA431577FA46" author="Tixier-Durivault, A." box="[340,616,1467,1489]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="1 - 456" refId="ref27154" refString="Tixier-Durivault, A. (1966) Octocoralliaires. Faune de Madagascar, 21, 1 - 456." type="journal article" year="1966">Tixier-Durivault 1966: 365</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig 329;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC289006FD05FA43146DFA46" author="Utinomi, H." box="[712,882,1467,1489]" page="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" year="1977">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC289006FD05FA43146DFA46" author="Utinomi, H." box="[712,882,1467,1489]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref27449" refString="Utinomi, H. (1977) Shallow-water octocorals of the Ryukyu Archipelago (Part II). Sesoko Marine Science Laboratory Technical Report, 5, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1977">Utinomi 1977: 4</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC289006FCB0FA431350FA46" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[893,1103,1467,1489]" page="118" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" year="1990">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC289006FCB0FA431350FA46" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[893,1103,1467,1489]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="113 - 120" refId="ref24267" refString="Benayahu, Y. (1990) Xeniidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from the Red Sea with description of a new species. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 64, 113 - 120." type="journal article" year="1990">Benayahu 1990: 118</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, table 1, listed only.
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC289006FF5AFA22158EF999" blockId="6.[151,1436,1436,1550]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3EC7CA29AC289006FF5AFA22158EF999" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC289006FF5AFA2216E7FA78" authority="Schenk, 1896: 66 - 67" authorityName="Schenk" authorityPageNumber="66" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,504,1497,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plicata">
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||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC289006FF5AFA221600FA78" box="[151,287,1497,1519]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Xenia plicata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC289006FEE9FA2116E7FA78" author="Schenk, A." box="[292,504,1497,1519]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896: 66–67</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC289006FDDEFA2215B9FA78" bold="true" box="[531,678,1498,1519]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">new synonym</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC289006FD7EFA211494FA78" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[691,907,1497,1519]" page="647" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" year="1902">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC289006FD7EFA211494FA78" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[691,907,1497,1519]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="635 - 662" refId="ref25770" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1902) Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien: I. Die Familie der Xeniiden. Zoologisches Jahrbuch, Abteilung fur systematic, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 15, 635 - 662. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 19040" type="journal article" year="1902">Kükenthal 1902: 647</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC289006FC58FA2113B7FA78" author="Tixier-Durivault, A." box="[917,1192,1497,1519]" page="363" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC289006FC58FA2113B7FA78" author="Tixier-Durivault, A." box="[917,1192,1497,1519]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="1 - 456" refId="ref27154" refString="Tixier-Durivault, A. (1966) Octocoralliaires. Faune de Madagascar, 21, 1 - 456." type="journal article" year="1966">Tixier-Durivault 1966: 363</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig 327;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC289006FAC5FA2117EFF999" author="Utinomi, H." pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref27449" refString="Utinomi, H. (1977) Shallow-water octocorals of the Ryukyu Archipelago (Part II). Sesoko Marine Science Laboratory Technical Report, 5, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1977">Utinomi 1977: 6–7</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC289006FF37FA0016D2F999" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[250,461,1528,1550]" page="118" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC289006FF37FA0016D2F999" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[250,461,1528,1550]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="113 - 120" refId="ref24267" refString="Benayahu, Y. (1990) Xeniidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from the Red Sea with description of a new species. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 64, 113 - 120." type="journal article" year="1990">Benayahu 1990: 118</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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, table 1, listed only
|
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC289006FF5AF9C31619F9C3" bold="true" box="[151,262,1595,1620]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC289006FEC0F9C313ABF9C4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475036" box="[269,1204,1594,1620]" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="W. Kukenthal" country="Indonesia" location="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" specimenCode="SMF 44" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC289006FEC0F9C3169CF9C3" bold="true" box="[269,387,1595,1620]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC289006FEC0F9C31661F9C3" box="[269,382,1595,1620]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC289006FE46F9C316F7F9C4" box="[395,488,1595,1619]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">SMF 44</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC289006FE38F9C3157AF9C3" box="[501,613,1595,1620]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC289006FDBDF9C4140DF9C3" box="[624,786,1595,1620]" name="Ternate Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Ternate Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1894, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="B32288D1AC289006FC51F9C41324F9C3" box="[924,1083,1595,1620]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">W. Kükenthal</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC289006FB8BF9C313ABF9C4" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[1094,1204,1594,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC289006FB8BF9C313ABF9C4" bold="true" box="[1094,1204,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">X. plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC289006FB71F9C31422F9E0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475030" collectingDate="1894-01" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="W. Kukenthal." country="Indonesia" location="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" specimenCode="SMF 45" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC289006FB71F9C3122DF9C3" bold="true" box="[1212,1330,1595,1620]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC289006FB71F9C31232F9C3" box="[1212,1325,1595,1620]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC289006FAF7F9C31288F9C3" box="[1338,1431,1595,1620]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">SMF 45</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC289006FF5AF9A61618F9E0" box="[151,263,1630,1655]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC289006FEDFF99816ACF9E0" box="[274,435,1630,1655]" name="Ternate Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Ternate Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="7A2D322FAC289006FE72F9981548F9E0" box="[447,599,1631,1656]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" value="1894-01">
|
||
<date id="6A69CBC7AC289006FE72F9981548F9E0" box="[447,599,1631,1656]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" value="1894-01">January 1894</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="B32288D1AC289006FD56F9981422F9E0" box="[667,829,1630,1655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">W. Kükenthal.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC289006FF0AF97B154EF890" blockId="6.[151,1436,1594,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC289006FF0AF97B1646F90B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1667,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC289006FE5EF97B16EAF90B" box="[403,501,1667,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC289006FDD6F97C1564F90B" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[539,635,1667,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blumi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC289006FDD6F97C1564F90B" box="[539,635,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">X. blumi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC289006FD51F97B15F3F90C" box="[668,748,1667,1691]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
high; its stalk is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC289006FC60F97B14E3F90C" box="[941,1020,1667,1691]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC289006FBA0F97B13A3F90C" box="[1133,1212,1667,1691]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at its base,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC289006FA4DF97B17DCF928" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at the uppermost part. The polyp body is up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC289006FCDCF95E1479F928" box="[785,870,1702,1727]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, and the tentacles up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC289006FB60F95F13F2F928" box="[1197,1261,1703,1727]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Tentacles bear three rows of pinnules,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC289006FE1BF9331526F973" box="[470,569,1739,1764]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" unit="in" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18–20 in</quantity>
|
||
the outer row. The pinnules are up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC289006FC2FF9331359F974" box="[994,1094,1739,1763]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC289006FB78F9331247F974" box="[1205,1368,1739,1764]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="0.175" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.15">0.15–0.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, with no gap between adjacent pinnules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC289006FF0AF8EB168EF848" blockId="6.[151,1436,1594,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
|
||
Sclerites are mostly ellipsoid platelets,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC289006FD41F8EB15D5F8BC" box="[652,714,1811,1835]" degrees="0.008" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" precision="55" value="0.008">0.008</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC289006FD07F8EB1407F8BC" box="[714,792,1811,1835]" degrees="0.012" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" precision="55" value="-0.012">–0.012</geoCoordinate>
|
||
X
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC289006FC8DF8EB131DF8BC" box="[832,1026,1811,1835]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="0.016" valueMax="0.018" valueMin="0.014">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC289006FC8DF8EB1460F8BC" box="[832,895,1811,1835]" degrees="0.014" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" precision="55" value="0.014">0.014</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC289006FCB2F8EB14D3F8BC" box="[895,972,1811,1835]" degrees="0.018" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" precision="55" value="-0.018">–0.018</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC289006FB6DF8EB120EF8BC" box="[1184,1297,1811,1836]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1427,1449]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1406]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[309,1277,193,1406]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia blumi Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 44). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Fractured sclerite enlarged; c. Fractured sclerite composed of dendritic rods; d. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a, c and d 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363659/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Fig. 3a, n</figureCitation>
|
||
=23). Under SEM they are mostly fractured thus enabling observation of the internal radially arranged calcite rods, occasionally branching towards the surface of the sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC289006FD55F8A31419F8E4" box="[664,774,1883,1908]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1427,1449]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1406]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[309,1277,193,1406]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia blumi Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 44). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Fractured sclerite enlarged; c. Fractured sclerite composed of dendritic rods; d. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a, c and d 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363659/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Fig. 3b, c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Side view of the sclerites reveals their ellipsoidal platelet morphology (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC289006FEF8F8861691F800" box="[309,398,1918,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1427,1449]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1406]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[309,1277,193,1406]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia blumi Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 44). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Fractured sclerite enlarged; c. Fractured sclerite composed of dendritic rods; d. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a, c and d 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363659/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ethanol-preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC289006FD7BF8861407F800" box="[694,792,1918,1943]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is gray in color. Unfortunately, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC289006FB1DF886122DF800" box="[1232,1330,1918,1943]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is badly preserved and, therefore, the number of pinnule rows and the number of pinnules on the outermost row could not be clearly determined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4AA8BD8FAC299007FF5AFA6B1598FA71" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363659/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" startId="7.[151,250,1427,1449]" targetBox="[309,1277,193,1406]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC299007FF5AFA6B1598FA71" blockId="7.[151,1437,1427,1510]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC299007FF5AFA6B160BFA3F" bold="true" box="[151,276,1427,1449]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC299007FCF7FA6C1354FA3E" authority="Schenk, 1896" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[826,1099,1427,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blumi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC299007FCF7FA6C14A8FA3E" box="[826,951,1427,1449]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Xenia blumi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC299007FC72FA6B1354FA3E" author="Schenk, A." box="[959,1099,1427,1449]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype (SMF 44). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Fractured sclerite enlarged; c. Fractured sclerite composed of dendritic rods; d. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a, c and d 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC299007FF0AF9EB128BF893" blockId="7.[151,1437,1555,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC299007FF37F9EB1643F9BB" box="[250,348,1555,1580]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC299007FE4CF9EC16F0F9BB" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[385,495,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC299007FE4CF9EC16F0F9BB" box="[385,495,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">X. plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC299007FDC2F9EB1540F9BC" box="[527,607,1555,1580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
high; its stalk is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC299007FCD3F9EC1472F9BC" box="[798,877,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC299007FC79F9EC131CF9BC" box="[948,1027,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at its base, and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC299007FB39F9EB125BF9BC" box="[1268,1348,1555,1580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at its uppermost part. The polyp body is up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC299007FD43F9CF15CFF9D8" box="[654,720,1591,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, the tentacles up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC299007FC3CF9C01350F9D8" box="[1009,1103,1592,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, featuring three rows of pinnules on each side. The pinnules are relatively slender,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC299007FC9DF9A314A7F9E3" box="[848,952,1627,1652]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" metricValueMax="5.588" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" unit="in" value="19.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="16.0">16–22 in</quantity>
|
||
the outermost row with no gap between adjacent pinnules. Sclerites are present in all parts of the colony; they are ellipsoid platelets, measuring
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC299007FA82F9781292F90F" box="[1359,1421,1664,1688]" degrees="0.007" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" precision="55" value="0.007">0.007</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC299007FA43F97817C9F92B" degrees="0.012" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" precision="55" value="-0.012">– 0.012</geoCoordinate>
|
||
X
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC299007FF34F95C16A7F92C" box="[249,440,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" unit="mm" value="0.0155" valueMax="0.017" valueMin="0.014">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC299007FF34F95C1627F92B" box="[249,312,1700,1724]" degrees="0.014" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" precision="55" value="0.014">0.014</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC299007FEF5F95C169BF92B" box="[312,388,1700,1724]" degrees="0.017" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" precision="55" value="-0.017">–0.017</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, some of which are fractured (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC299007FC5BF95B131DF92B" box="[918,1026,1699,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1430,1452]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,547,1409]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[309,1277,547,1409]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia plicata Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 45). a. Ellipsoid platelets, most fractured; b. Fractured sclerite; c. Fractured sclerite, enlarged, composed of calcite rods, often dendritic and sinuous, and more or less radially arranged in the peripheral region. Scale bar at a and b 0.010 mm, at c 0.001 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363661/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Fig. 4a, n</figureCitation>
|
||
=22). They are composed of radially arranged calcite rods, uniform in width throughout their length and occasionally branched at their distal end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC299007FAA2F93F17CFF893" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1430,1452]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,547,1409]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[309,1277,547,1409]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia plicata Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 45). a. Ellipsoid platelets, most fractured; b. Fractured sclerite; c. Fractured sclerite, enlarged, composed of calcite rods, often dendritic and sinuous, and more or less radially arranged in the peripheral region. Scale bar at a and b 0.010 mm, at c 0.001 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363661/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Fig. 4b, c</figureCitation>
|
||
). The surface of the sclerites is granular and often fractured. The ethanol-preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC299007FBB1F91313C1F893" box="[1148,1246,1771,1796]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is gray in color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC299008FF0AF8F71289FF6F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1555,2012]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,501]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC299007FF0AF8F71624F8BF" bold="true" box="[199,315,1807,1832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC299007FD5FF8E815E8F8BF" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[658,759,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blumi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC299007FD5FF8E815E8F8BF" box="[658,759,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">X. blumi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicated three rows of pinnules, 18–20 pinnules in the outermost row, and sclerites of
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC299007FE37F8CB15A6F8DC" box="[506,697,1843,1868]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" unit="mm" value="0.0175" valueMax="0.02" valueMin="0.015">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC299007FE37F8CB1527F8DB" box="[506,568,1843,1868]" degrees="0.015" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" precision="55" value="0.015">0.015</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC299007FDF5F8CB159AF8DB" box="[568,645,1843,1868]" degrees="0.020" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" precision="55" value="-0.02">–0.020</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Later, May (1900) described colonies of this species without examining the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC299007FE6DF8A016CBF8E7" box="[416,468,1880,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. May's material was examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC299007FCADF8AF1305F8E7" author="Reinicke, G. B." box="[864,1050,1879,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="5 - 62" refId="ref26705" refString="Reinicke, G. B. (1997) Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea, with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 5 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">Reinicke (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who compared it to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC299007FAF6F8A01274F8E7" box="[1339,1387,1880,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and concluded that it did not belong to that species. The four specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC299007FB85F88413B5F803" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[1096,1194,1915,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blumi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC299007FB85F88413B5F803" box="[1096,1194,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">X. blumi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Benayahu’s study (1990) were re-examined during the present study and also found not to belong to that species, as suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC299007FF5AF83B164EF84B" author="Reinicke, G. B." box="[151,337,1987,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="5 - 62" refId="ref26705" refString="Reinicke, G. B. (1997) Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea, with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 5 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">Reinicke (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC299007FE93F83B1551F84B" author="Gohar, H. A. F." box="[350,590,1987,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="27 - 118" refId="ref24908" refString="Gohar, H. A. F. (1940) Studies on the Xeniidae of the Red Sea. Their ecology, physiology, taxonomy and phylogeny. Publications of the Marine Biological Station, Ghardaqa, Red Sea, 2, 27 - 118." type="journal article" year="1940">Gohar (1940: 98–99)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a colony of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC299007FC9BF83C14A8F84B" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[854,951,1987,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blumi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC299007FC9BF83C14A8F84B" box="[854,951,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">X. blumi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Red Sea, indicating two to three rows of pinnules and 10–16 pinnules in pulsatile polyps. These morphological characters do not correspond to the original description of that species (three rows of pinnules,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC269008FCE2FF44148DFF42" box="[815,914,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" unit="in" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18–20 in</quantity>
|
||
the outermost row).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC269008FBB6FF441235FF43" author="Utinomi, H." box="[1147,1322,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref27449" refString="Utinomi, H. (1977) Shallow-water octocorals of the Ryukyu Archipelago (Part II). Sesoko Marine Science Laboratory Technical Report, 5, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1977">Utinomi (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC269008FF5AFF1917E9FF6F" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,246,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blumi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FF5AFF1917E9FF6F" box="[151,246,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">X. blumi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC269008FEE1FF191687FF6F" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[300,408,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FEE1FF191687FF6F" box="[300,408,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">X. plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC269008FE11FF181500FF60" box="[476,543,224,247]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and similarly neither of them correspond to the current description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC269008FA93FF18128DFF6F" box="[1374,1426,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC269008FF0AFEFC1223FE58" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FF0AFEFC1526FE8A" bold="true" box="[199,569,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Similar species and conclusion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC269008FDF2FEFD1582FE8A" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[575,669,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blumi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FDF2FEFD1582FE8A" box="[575,669,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">X. blumi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC269008FD1EFEFD145FFE8A" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[723,832,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FD1EFEFD145FFE8A" box="[723,832,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">X. plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feature three rows of pinnules, with 16–22 and 18–20 pinnules in the outermost row, respectively. The present study confirms that these species share similar sclerite microstructure and therefore should be synonymized, giving a chronological priority to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC269008FBB6FEB513C4FEF2" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[1147,1243,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blumi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FBB6FEB513C4FEF2" box="[1147,1243,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">X. blumi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC269008FF5AFE9716BFFE1F" author="Reinicke, G. B." box="[151,416,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="5 - 62" refId="ref26705" refString="Reinicke, G. B. (1997) Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea, with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 5 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">Reinicke (1997: 18–22)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC269008FE2DFE881504FE1F" box="[480,539,368,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC269008FD8DFE891459FE1F" authority="Schenk, 1896" authorityName=", Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[576,838,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FD8DFE8915B8FE1F" box="[576,679,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">X. viridis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC269008FD60FE971459FE1F" author="Schenk, A." box="[685,838,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC269008FCB1FE8914C4FE1F" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[892,987,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blumi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FCB1FE8914C4FE1F" box="[892,987,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">X. blumi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feature overlapping numbers of rows of pinnules and numbers of pinnules, but differ in sclerite microstructure. The sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC269008FB57FE6D121AFE3A" authorityName=", Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[1178,1285,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FB57FE6D121AFE3A" box="[1178,1285,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">X. viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occasionally reveal surface crests, which are lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC269008FDBEFE4115CDFE47" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[627,722,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blumi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FDBEFE4115CDFE47" box="[627,722,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">X. blumi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thus the two species should be considered as separate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC269008FF0AFE2414B6FE62" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,501]" box="[199,937,476,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FF0AFE24167FFE62" bold="true" box="[199,352,476,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC269008FEAAFE2416C7FE62" box="[359,472,476,501]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC269008FE2EFE25159BFE62" box="[483,644,476,501]" name="Ternate Island" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Ternate Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC269008FD5DFE24140EFE62" box="[656,785,476,501]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC269008FCD1FE2414B9FE62" box="[796,934,476,501]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |