311 lines
40 KiB
XML
311 lines
40 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1CFC8526B1B26F913EE5B17A129A988D">Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FF5AF9D516C0F9D0" bold="true" box="[151,479,1581,1607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FF5AF9D5162CF9D0" bold="true" box="[151,307,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Xenia crassa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC269008FEF7F9D516C0F9D0" author="Schenk, A." box="[314,479,1581,1607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC269008FF5AF9A817C7F9FE" box="[151,216,1616,1641]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,373,1529]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[309,1277,373,1529]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia crassa Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 39). a. Sclerites with a surface crest, fractured; b. Ellipsoid platelet, mostly fractured; c. Fractured sclerite composed of a latticework matrix of dendritic calcite rods and more or less radially arranged in the peripheral region. Arrows at b, c indicate surface furrow. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363663/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FF5AF96A1605F930" box="[151,282,1682,1703]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Xenia crassa</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC269008FEECF96916CEF930" author="Schenk, A." box="[289,465,1681,1703]" page="58" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" year="1896">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC269008FEECF96916CEF930" author="Schenk, A." box="[289,465,1681,1703]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896: 58</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FF5AF9491604F951" box="[151,283,1713,1734]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Xenia crassa</emphasis>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC269008FEE7F94816E0F951" author="Ashworth, J. H." box="[298,511,1712,1734]" page="510" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" year="1900">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC269008FEE7F94816E0F951" author="Ashworth, J. H." box="[298,511,1712,1734]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="509 - 530" refId="ref24203" refString="Ashworth, J. H. (1900) Report on the Xeniidae collected by Dr. Willey. In: Zoological results based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere, collected by Dr. A. Willey during the years 1895 - 1897. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 509 - 530." type="book chapter" year="1900">Ashworth 1900: 510</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC269008FDC7F94815FAF951" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[522,741,1712,1734]" page="652" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" year="1902">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC269008FDC7F94815FAF951" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[522,741,1712,1734]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="635 - 662" refId="ref25770" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1902) Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien: I. Die Familie der Xeniiden. Zoologisches Jahrbuch, Abteilung fur systematic, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 15, 635 - 662. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 19040" type="journal article" year="1902">Kükenthal 1902: 652</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC269008FD3DF94814DEF951" author="Hickson, S. J." box="[752,961,1712,1734]" page="160" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" year="1931">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC269008FD3DF94814DEF951" author="Hickson, S. J." box="[752,961,1712,1734]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="137 - 179" refId="ref25290" refString="Hickson, S. J. (1931 a) The alcyonarian family Xeniidae, with a revision of the genera and species. Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1931, 137 - 179." type="journal article" year="1931">Hickson 1931a: 160</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC269008FC01F94813F7F951" author="Thomson, J. A. & Dean, L. M. I." box="[972,1256,1712,1734]" page="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" year="1931">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC269008FC01F94813F7F951" author="Thomson, J. A. & Dean, L. M. I." box="[972,1256,1712,1734]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="1 - 227" refId="ref27319" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Dean, L. M. I. (1931) The Alcyonacea of the Siboga expedition: with an addendum to the Gorgonacea. Siboga Expedition Monograph, 13 d, 1 - 227, 28 pls." type="book chapter" year="1931">Thomson & Dean 1931: 28</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC269008FB39F9491288F951" author="Roxas, H. A." box="[1268,1431,1712,1734]" page="84" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" year="1933">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC269008FB39F9491288F951" author="Roxas, H. A." box="[1268,1431,1712,1734]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="49 - 108" refId="ref26841" refString="Roxas, H. A. (1933) Philippine Alcyonaria, the Families Cornulariidae and Xeniidae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 50, 49 - 108." type="journal article" year="1933">Roxas 1933: 84</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC269008FF0AF93616C4F973" author="Tixier-Durivault, A." box="[199,475,1742,1764]" page="367" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC269008FF0AF93616C4F973" author="Tixier-Durivault, A." box="[199,475,1742,1764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="1 - 456" refId="ref27154" refString="Tixier-Durivault, A. (1966) Octocoralliaires. Faune de Madagascar, 21, 1 - 456." type="journal article" year="1966">Tixier-Durivault 1966: 367</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC269008FE28F93615B7F973" author="Utinomi, H." box="[485,680,1742,1764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref27449" refString="Utinomi, H. (1977) Shallow-water octocorals of the Ryukyu Archipelago (Part II). Sesoko Marine Science Laboratory Technical Report, 5, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1977">Utinomi 1977: 2–3</bibRefCitation>
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; non
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC269008FD10F928147FF972" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[733,864,1744,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassa">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FD10F928147FF972" box="[733,864,1744,1765]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Xenia crassa</emphasis>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC269008FCA0F936132CF973" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[877,1075,1742,1764]" page="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC269008FCA0F936132CF973" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[877,1075,1742,1764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="113 - 120" refId="ref24267" refString="Benayahu, Y. (1990) Xeniidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from the Red Sea with description of a new species. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 64, 113 - 120." type="journal article" year="1990">Benayahu 1990: 18</bibRefCitation>
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, listed only (identified by
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC269008FAF1F93617E5F894" author="Reinicke, G. B." pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="5 - 62" refId="ref26705" refString="Reinicke, G. B. (1997) Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea, with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 5 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">Reinicke, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC269008FED6F9161594F894" authority="Ashworth, 1900" authorityName="Ashworth" authorityYear="1900" box="[283,651,1773,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novaebritanniae">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FED6F91616C2F894" box="[283,477,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">X. novaebritanniae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC269008FE29F9151594F894" author="Ashworth, J. H." box="[484,651,1773,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="509 - 530" refId="ref24203" refString="Ashworth, J. H. (1900) Report on the Xeniidae collected by Dr. Willey. In: Zoological results based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere, collected by Dr. A. Willey during the years 1895 - 1897. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 509 - 530." type="book chapter" year="1900">Ashworth, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC269008FD51F915147EF894" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[668,865,1773,1795]" page="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC269008FD51F915147EF894" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[668,865,1773,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="113 - 120" refId="ref24267" refString="Benayahu, Y. (1990) Xeniidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from the Red Sea with description of a new species. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 64, 113 - 120." type="journal article" year="1990">Benayahu 1990: 18</bibRefCitation>
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listed only.
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC269008FF5AF8D11323F8D5" blockId="8.[151,1436,1833,2038]" box="[151,1084,1833,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FF5AF8D11619F8D5" bold="true" box="[151,262,1833,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC269008FEC0F8D11323F8D5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475031" box="[269,1084,1833,1858]" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="W. Kukenthal." country="Indonesia" location="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" specimenCode="SMF 39" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FEC0F8D1169CF8D5" bold="true" box="[269,387,1833,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC269008FEC0F8D11660F8D5" box="[269,383,1833,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC269008FE47F8D216F8F8D5" box="[394,487,1834,1858]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">SMF 39</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC269008FE3EF8D1157CF8D5" box="[499,611,1833,1858]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC269008FDA3F8D2140FF8D5" box="[622,784,1833,1858]" name="Ternate Island" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Ternate Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1894, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="B32288D1AC269008FC54F8D21323F8D5" box="[921,1084,1833,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">W. Kükenthal.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC269008FF0AF8B517E2F861" blockId="8.[151,1436,1833,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC269008FF0AF8B51646F8F1" bold="true" box="[199,345,1869,1894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC269008FE5CF8B516ECF8F1" box="[401,499,1869,1894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC269008FDD9F8B6157CF8F2" box="[532,611,1870,1894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
high; its stalk is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC269008FCECF8B6146FF8F2" box="[801,880,1870,1894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC269008FC7AF8B6131AF8F2" box="[951,1029,1870,1894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at its base, and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC269008FB38F8B6125BF8F2" box="[1269,1348,1870,1894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at its uppermost part. The polyp body is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC269008FD8CF88915ACF81E" box="[577,691,1905,1930]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, and the tentacles are up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC269008FBE8F88A139DF81E" box="[1061,1154,1906,1930]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, featuring three and sometimes four rows of pinnules on each side. The pinnules are up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC269008FC7CF86D1309F83A" box="[945,1046,1941,1966]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.60 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC269008FB4AF86E13F3F83A" box="[1159,1260,1942,1966]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC269008FAF4F86E1283F839" box="[1337,1436,1941,1966]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.937" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" unit="in" value="15.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="13.0">13–18 in</quantity>
|
||
the outermost row with no gap between adjacent pinnules to a space of up to half a pinnule-width between adjacent pinnules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC279009FF0AFF6F1412FED7" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
|
||
Sclerites are present in all parts of the colony. They are ellipsoid platelets, and occasionally a crest is present on their surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC279009FEFAFF4416B5FF42" box="[311,426,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,373,1529]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[309,1277,373,1529]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia crassa Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 39). a. Sclerites with a surface crest, fractured; b. Ellipsoid platelet, mostly fractured; c. Fractured sclerite composed of a latticework matrix of dendritic calcite rods and more or less radially arranged in the peripheral region. Arrows at b, c indicate surface furrow. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363663/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Fig. 5a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
). They occasionally feature a furrow on their apical narrow side. The sclerites measure
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC279009FF5AFF1817C9FF6F" box="[151,214,224,248]" degrees="0.007" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" precision="55" value="0.007">0.007</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC279009FF18FF18163CFF6F" box="[213,291,224,248]" degrees="0.014" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" precision="55" value="-0.014">–0.014</geoCoordinate>
|
||
X
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC279009FE86FF181513FF60" box="[331,524,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.1999999999999997" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="0.017" valueMax="0.022" valueMin="0.012">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC279009FE86FF181695FF6F" box="[331,394,224,248]" degrees="0.012" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" precision="55" value="0.012">0.012</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC279009FE47FF1816C8FF6F" box="[394,471,224,248]" degrees="0.022" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" precision="55" value="-0.022">–0.022</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (n=26) and are composed of calcite rods which appear uniform in width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC279009FF24FEFC1621FE8A" box="[233,318,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,373,1529]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[309,1277,373,1529]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia crassa Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 39). a. Sclerites with a surface crest, fractured; b. Ellipsoid platelet, mostly fractured; c. Fractured sclerite composed of a latticework matrix of dendritic calcite rods and more or less radially arranged in the peripheral region. Arrows at b, c indicate surface furrow. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363663/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Fig. 5c</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sclerite surface is granular, including the crest, and often fractured. The ethanol-preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC279009FF5AFEDF17E6FED7" box="[151,249,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is gray and the tentacles are dark-gray in color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4AA8BD8FAC279009FF5AF9F71634F916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363663/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" startId="9.[151,250,1551,1573]" targetBox="[309,1277,373,1529]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC279009FF5AF9F71634F916" blockId="9.[151,1436,1551,1665]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC279009FF5AF9F7160BF9B3" bold="true" box="[151,276,1551,1573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC279009FCF5F9E8134FF9B2" authority="Schenk, 1896" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[824,1104,1551,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC279009FCF5F9E814A2F9B2" box="[824,957,1552,1573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Xenia crassa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC279009FC08F9F7134FF9B2" author="Schenk, A." box="[965,1104,1551,1573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype (SMF 39). a. Sclerites with a surface crest, fractured; b. Ellipsoid platelet, mostly fractured; c. Fractured sclerite composed of a latticework matrix of dendritic calcite rods and more or less radially arranged in the peripheral region. Arrows at b, c indicate surface furrow. Scale bar 0.010 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC279009FF0AF955135AF871" blockId="9.[151,1436,1709,2022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC279009FF0AF9551624F951" bold="true" box="[199,315,1709,1734]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC279009FE8CF95516FAF951" author="Schenk, A." box="[321,485,1709,1734]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC279009FD90F95715F1F951" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[605,750,1711,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC279009FD90F95715F1F951" box="[605,750,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Xenia crassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with three irregular rows of pinnules,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC279009FB57F95513E2F951" box="[1178,1277,1709,1734]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.191" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" unit="in" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">15–18 in</quantity>
|
||
the outermost one, thus corresponding to the current findings. The dimensions of the sclerites in that study differ from those in the current ones (
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC279009FEF5F90E16F0F899" box="[312,495,1782,1806]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="0.025" valueMax="0.03" valueMin="0.02">0.02–0.030 mm</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC279009FE37F90F150EF899" box="[506,529,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">vs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC279009FDE9F90E157CF899" box="[548,611,1782,1806]" degrees="0.007" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" precision="55" value="0.007">0.007</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC279009FDAFF90E15AFF899" box="[610,688,1782,1806]" degrees="0.014" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" precision="55" value="-0.014">–0.014</geoCoordinate>
|
||
X
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC279009FD16F90E1404F899" box="[731,795,1782,1806]" degrees="0.012" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" precision="55" value="0.012">0.012</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC279009FCD6F90E1475F899" box="[795,874,1782,1806]" degrees="0.022" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" precision="55" value="-0.022">–0.022</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, respectively).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC279009FBD0F90D13EEF899" author="Utinomi, H." box="[1053,1265,1781,1806]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref27449" refString="Utinomi, H. (1977) Shallow-water octocorals of the Ryukyu Archipelago (Part II). Sesoko Marine Science Laboratory Technical Report, 5, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1977">Utinomi (1977: 3)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described this species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC279009FEF5F8E21667F8A6" box="[312,376,1818,1841]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
as featuring three rows of pinnules,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC279009FCF6F8E114BBF8A5" box="[827,932,1817,1842]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.445" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" unit="in" value="17.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="16.0">16–19 in</quantity>
|
||
the outermost row, and abundant “typical spicules”. That study reported the known distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC279009FCC0F8C71481F8C1" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[781,926,1855,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC279009FCC0F8C71481F8C1" box="[781,926,1855,1878]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Xenia crassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to include
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC279009FBD6F8C713D7F8C1" box="[1051,1224,1853,1878]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC279009FB1BF8C5128FF8C1" author="Ashworth, J. H." box="[1238,1424,1853,1878]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" pagination="509 - 530" refId="ref24203" refString="Ashworth, J. H. (1900) Report on the Xeniidae collected by Dr. Willey. In: Zoological results based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere, collected by Dr. A. Willey during the years 1895 - 1897. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 509 - 530." type="book chapter" year="1900">Ashworth, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Great Barrier Reef,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC279009FE47F89916EEF8ED" box="[394,497,1889,1914]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Hickson 1931), Malay Archipelago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC279009FC72F8991343F8ED" author="Schenk, A." box="[959,1116,1889,1914]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC279009FBA2F8991290F8ED" author="Thomson, J. A. & Dean, L. M. I." box="[1135,1423,1889,1914]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" pagination="1 - 227" refId="ref27319" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Dean, L. M. I. (1931) The Alcyonacea of the Siboga expedition: with an addendum to the Gorgonacea. Siboga Expedition Monograph, 13 d, 1 - 227, 28 pls." type="book chapter" year="1931">Thomson & Dean 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC279009FF5AF87D160AF809" box="[151,277,1925,1950]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC279009FEE8F87E16B1F809" author="Roxas, H. A." box="[293,430,1926,1950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" pagination="49 - 108" refId="ref26841" refString="Roxas, H. A. (1933) Philippine Alcyonaria, the Families Cornulariidae and Xeniidae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 50, 49 - 108." type="journal article" year="1933">Roxas 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC279009FE22F87D1569F809" box="[495,630,1925,1950]" name="Madagascar" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC279009FD4BF87D149BF809" author="Tixier-Durivault, A." box="[646,900,1925,1950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" pagination="1 - 456" refId="ref27154" refString="Tixier-Durivault, A. (1966) Octocoralliaires. Faune de Madagascar, 21, 1 - 456." type="journal article" year="1966">Tixier-Durivault 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC279009FC2CF87D13DBF809" author="Reinicke, G. B." box="[993,1220,1925,1950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" pagination="5 - 62" refId="ref26705" refString="Reinicke, G. B. (1997) Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea, with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 5 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">Reinicke (1997: 20)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC279009FAA1F87F1283F808" box="[1388,1436,1927,1951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC279009FF78F8531601F855" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[181,286,1963,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC279009FF78F8531601F855" box="[181,286,1963,1986]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">X. crassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, compared it to Red Sea material identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC279009FCFEF8511330F855" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[819,1071,1961,1986]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" pagination="113 - 120" refId="ref24267" refString="Benayahu, Y. (1990) Xeniidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from the Red Sea with description of a new species. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 64, 113 - 120." type="journal article" year="1990">Benayahu (1990: 118)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and concluded that the material identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC279009FEEAF8371690F871" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[295,399,1999,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC279009FEEAF8371690F871" box="[295,399,1999,2022]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">X. crassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Benayahu belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC279009FD61F837135EF871" authority="Ashworth, 1900" authorityName="Ashworth" authorityYear="1900" box="[684,1089,1997,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novaebritanniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC279009FD61F837149CF871" box="[684,899,1997,2022]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">X. novaebritanniae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC279009FC44F835135EF871" author="Ashworth, J. H." box="[905,1089,1997,2022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" pagination="509 - 530" refId="ref24203" refString="Ashworth, J. H. (1900) Report on the Xeniidae collected by Dr. Willey. In: Zoological results based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere, collected by Dr. A. Willey during the years 1895 - 1897. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 509 - 530." type="book chapter" year="1900">Ashworth, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC24900AFF0AFF6F123CFF6F" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC24900AFF0AFF6F1522FF27" bold="true" box="[199,573,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Similar species and conclusion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC24900AFD88FF6114CFFF27" authority="Schenk, 1896" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[581,976,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC24900AFD88FF611431FF27" box="[581,814,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Xenia membranacea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC24900AFCFBFF6F14CFFF27" author="Schenk, A." box="[822,976,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC24900AFBC4FF61136DFF27" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[1033,1138,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC24900AFBC4FF61136DFF27" box="[1033,1138,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">X. crassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feature mostly three rows of pinnules and occasionally four. They differ in the number of pinnules in the outermost row (20–25
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC24900AFAE5FF451259FF43" box="[1320,1350,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
13–18, respectively) and in sclerite microstructure, and therefore they should be considered as separate species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC24900AFF0AFEFC16AFFED7" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC24900AFF0AFEFC167FFE8A" bold="true" box="[199,352,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC24900AFEA4FEFC16C4FE8A" box="[361,475,260,285]" name="Indonesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC24900AFE2BFEFD1596FE8A" box="[486,649,260,285]" name="Ternate Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Ternate Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC24900AFD5BFEFD1456FE8A" box="[662,841,260,285]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Great Barrier Reef (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC24900AFBF4FEFC13B9FE8A" box="[1081,1190,260,285]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Malay Archipelago,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC24900AFF5AFEDF1607FED7" box="[151,280,295,320]" name="Philippines" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC24900AFEEEFEDF16B3FED7" box="[291,428,295,320]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |