treatments-xml/data/E0/7D/87/E07D87D9FFF7651B68BAFE75B819824A.xml

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<mods:title id="929F6BDF619611DB1A5AA0E0BA8D2DB3">Parasite diversity at the Holarctic nexus: species of Arostrilepis (Eucestoda: Hymenolepididae) in voles and lemmings (Cricetidae: Arvicolinae) from greater Beringia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A917A6D9FEE056564334FD0F9D39E2BD">Makarikov, Arseny A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="E07D87D9FFF7651B68BAFE75B819824A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6147210" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119558470" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6147210" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E07D87D9FFF7651B68BAFE75B819824A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E07D87D9FFF7651B68BAFE75B819824A" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="423" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<paragraph id="686B36CFFFF7651968BAFE75BD1281A6" blockId="21.[151,1038,439,498]" box="[151,1038,439,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<heading id="332381A3FFF7651968BAFE75BD1281A6" bold="true" box="[151,1038,439,465]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF7651968BAFE75BD1281A6" authority="Makarikov, Gulyaev &amp; Kontrimavichus, 2011" authorityName="Makarikov, Gulyaev &amp; Kontrimavichus" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,1038,439,465]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Arostrilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="macrocirrosa">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF7651968BAFE75BD1281A6" bold="true" box="[151,1038,439,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF7651968BAFE75B8D781A6" bold="true" box="[151,459,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Arostrilepis macrocirrosa</emphasis>
Makarikov, Gulyaev &amp; Kontrimavichus, 2011
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="686B36CFFFF7651968BAFE18B9F78185" blockId="21.[151,1038,439,498]" box="[151,235,474,498]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
(
<figureCitation id="F0EF2A4AFFF7651968B2FE18B9FF8185" box="[159,227,474,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1767,1790]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,339,1722]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,329,1761]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Arostrilepis macrocirrosa Makarikov, Gulyaev &amp; Kontrimavichus, 2011 based on voucher specimen from the Nearctic. A. Dorsoventral view of scolex (MSB 1285); B. Cirrus (MSB 1302); C. Hermaphroditic mature proglottis (MSB 1306); D. Egg (MSB 1306). Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, D = 20 µm; C = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216063/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="686B36CFFFF7651968BAFDE1BBB08229" blockId="21.[151,1436,546,2030]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF7651968BAFDE1B864824C" bold="true" box="[151,376,546,571]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Hosts in Nearctic:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF7651969A9FDE1BB8A824D" authority="Pallas" authorityName="Pallas" box="[388,662,546,571]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rutilus">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF7651969A9FDE1BB2C824C" box="[388,560,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Myodes rutilus</emphasis>
(Pallas)
</taxonomicName>
; rarely 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF765196AD9FDE6BD6C824D" authority="Leach" authorityName="Leach" box="[756,1136,546,571]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthognathus">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF765196AD9FDE6BD16824C" box="[756,1034,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Microtus xanthognathus</emphasis>
(Leach)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF765196CADFDE6B9C98229" authority="Ord" authorityName="Ord" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF765196CADFDE6BC80824C" box="[1152,1436,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Microtus pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
(Ord)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF765196926FD85BBB58229" authority="Erxleben" authorityName="Erxleben" box="[267,681,582,606]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Tamiasciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsonicus">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF765196926FD85BB3A8229" box="[267,550,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Tamiasciurus hudsonicus</emphasis>
(Erxleben)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="20CE6544FFF7651968EAFDA8BC7482BD" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="description">
<paragraph id="686B36CFFFF7651968EAFDA8BC7482BD" blockId="21.[151,1436,546,2030]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF7651968EAFDA8B8D282F4" bold="true" box="[199,462,618,643]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Localities in Nearctic:</emphasis>
Alaska - N Central region, SE region; Seward Peninsula (Bering Landbridge National Preserve); Brooks Range (Kobuk Valley National Park, Noatak National Preserve); Wrangell-St Elias National Preserve; Yukon Charley Rivers National Preserve; and Lake Clark National Park, northern Alaska Peninsula.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="20CE6544FFF7651968EAFD14B8BE84A1" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="686B36CFFFF7651968EAFD14B8BE84A1" blockId="21.[151,1436,546,2030]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF7651968EAFD14B8AE8298" bold="true" box="[199,434,726,751]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Material examined:</emphasis>
Vouchers include 
<specimenCount id="7ED2FD46FFF765196AAFFD14BA178299" box="[642,779,726,750]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
in 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF765196B02FD14BACA8299" box="[815,982,726,750]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rutilus">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF765196B02FD14BACA8299" box="[815,982,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Myodes rutilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: MSB 1306 (field number- AF 55147, 2 slides/ 
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF7651968CAFD39B8898364" bold="true" box="[231,405,762,787]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
cyt- 
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF765196939FD38B83E8364" bold="true" box="[276,290,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">b</emphasis>
sequence
</emphasis>
) by E.P. Hoberg 
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF765196A76FD3EBB918364" box="[603,653,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al</emphasis>
., at Braye Lakes in the Wrangell-St. Elias National Preserve, Alaska (
<geoCoordinate id="0DE05008FFF7651968B2FCE3B834834E" box="[159,296,798,825]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" precision="15" value="62.031113">62o01’52”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0DE05008FFF765196919FCE3B8CD834E" box="[308,465,798,825]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" precision="15" value="-141.12944">141o07’46”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="1C6A100FFFF7651969CBFCE3BB66834E" box="[486,634,801,825]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" value="2001-07-26">26 July 2001</date>
; MSB 1285 (AF 37468, 2 slides) by H. Henttonen near Bonanza Creek Research Station, Alaska (
<geoCoordinate id="0DE05008FFF765196993FC8ABB038317" box="[446,543,837,864]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" precision="925" value="62.7">62o42’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0DE05008FFF765196A06FC8ABB838317" box="[555,671,837,864]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" precision="925" value="-148.26666">148o16’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="1C6A100FFFF765196A99FC8ABA408317" box="[692,860,840,865]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" value="2000-08-01">1 August 2000</date>
; MSB 1302, 1303 (AF 49374, 1A and 1B, 3 slides/ 
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF7651968BAFCAFB85583F2" bold="true" box="[151,329,876,901]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
cyt- 
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF7651968E9FCAEB9CE83F2" bold="true" box="[196,210,876,901]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">b</emphasis>
sequence
</emphasis>
) by H. Henttonen 
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF765196A1DFCAFBB7B83F3" box="[560,615,876,900]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al</emphasis>
., from Yukon Charley Rivers National Preserve, Alaska, NW of Mt. Kathryn on Yukon River, S of Woodchopper (
<geoCoordinate id="0DE05008FFF765196AB1FC51BA3983DC" box="[668,805,912,939]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" precision="15" value="65.204445">65o12’16”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0DE05008FFF765196B1CFC51BAD283DC" box="[817,974,912,939]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" precision="15" value="-143.57277">143o34’22”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="1C6A100FFFF765196BCEFC51BD9083DC" box="[995,1164,915,939]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" value="2001-08-03">3 August 2001</date>
; MSB 1307 (AF 55196, 2 slides) by E.P. Hoberg 
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF765196983FC7AB8FC83B8" box="[430,480,951,975]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al</emphasis>
., at 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF765196A3CFC7ABB2283B8" box="[529,574,952,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="21" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">Rex</taxonomicName>
Creek, northwestern slope of Mt. Holmes in the Wrangell-St. Elias National Preserve, Alaska (
<geoCoordinate id="0DE05008FFF765196949FC1CB8F18381" box="[356,493,987,1014]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" precision="15" value="61.310276">61o18’37”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0DE05008FFF7651969D7FC1CBB8A8381" box="[506,662,987,1014]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" precision="15" value="-142.51555">142o30’56”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="1C6A100FFFF765196A81FC1CBA5D8381" box="[684,833,990,1014]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" value="2001-07-30">30 July 2001</date>
; MSB 1304 (AF 49977) ex 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF765196CADFC1DBC808381" box="[1152,1436,990,1014]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Tamiasciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsonicus">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF765196CADFC1DBC808381" box="[1152,1436,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Tamiasciurus hudsonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by H. Henttonen 
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF765196943FBC1B8BB846D" box="[366,423,1026,1050]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al</emphasis>
., from the Yukon Charley Rivers National Preserve, Alaska at Glenn Creek Cabin (
<geoCoordinate id="0DE05008FFF7651968B2FBEAB8378437" box="[159,299,1061,1088]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" precision="15" value="65.30195">65o18’07”N</geoCoordinate>
., 
<geoCoordinate id="0DE05008FFF765196916FBEAB8C48437" box="[315,472,1061,1088]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" precision="15" value="-142.08972">142o05’23”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="1C6A100FFFF7651969C6FBEABBBD8437" box="[491,673,1064,1089]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" value="2001-08-12">12 August 2001</date>
; MSB 1351 (RLR 15515, 2 slides) ex 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF765196C63FBEBBDFB8437" box="[1102,1255,1064,1088]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Tamiasciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsonicus">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF765196C63FBEBBDFB8437" box="[1102,1255,1064,1088]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">T. hudsonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by R.L. Rausch near Chitina, Alaska (
<quantity id="AF2C9B2AFFF7651969A7FB8EBB1D8413" box="[394,513,1100,1124]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08552704" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="mi" value="31.6">31.6 miles</quantity>
west on highway), 
<date id="1C6A100FFFF765196AF6FB8EBA908413" box="[731,908,1100,1124]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" value="1955-10-08">8 October 1955</date>
. Palearctic specimens: MSB 1221 (H-15/ 
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF765196D4CFB8FB81E84FB" bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
cyt- 
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF765196DA3FB8EBC808412" bold="true" box="[1422,1436,1100,1125]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">b</emphasis>
sequence
</emphasis>
) ex 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF765196969FBB6B8A684FC" box="[324,442,1139,1163]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rutilus">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF765196969FBB6B8A684FC" box="[324,442,1139,1163]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">M. rutilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by A. Lavikainen, on the Tunguska River, Irkutsk Oblast’, 
<collectingCountry id="10C3765FFFF765196C81FBB1BDEB84FC" box="[1196,1271,1139,1163]" name="Russia" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="0DE05008FFF765196D23FBB1BC8B84FC" box="[1294,1431,1136,1163]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" precision="15" value="59.109997">59o06’36”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0DE05008FFF7651968BAFB58B83784C5" box="[151,299,1175,1202]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" precision="15" value="108.39833">108o23’54”E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="1C6A100FFFF76519696FFB58B8EF84C5" box="[322,499,1178,1202]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" value="2003-08-08">8 August 2003</date>
. See Appendix 1 for listing of additional identified voucher specimens from the Nearctic and Palearctic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="20CE6544FFF7651A68EAFB23BA44816B" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="423" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="description">
<paragraph id="686B36CFFFF7651968EAFB23BD668511" blockId="21.[151,1436,546,2030]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF7651968EAFB23B847848D" bold="true" box="[199,347,1249,1274]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Description:</emphasis>
Based on 
<specimenCount id="7ED2FD46FFF7651969F1FB20BB71848D" box="[476,621,1250,1274]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
. Fully developed strobila 
<quantity id="AF2C9B2AFFF765196BB0FB20BD2A848D" box="[925,1078,1250,1274]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.705" metricValueMax="1.96" metricValueMin="1.45" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="mm" value="170.5" valueMax="196.0" valueMin="145.0">145–196 mm</quantity>
long, with maximum width at pregravid or gravid proglottides, 
<quantity id="AF2C9B2AFFF765196A3EFAC4BB838569" box="[531,671,1286,1310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.3 mm</quantity>
. Scolex slightly compressed dorso-ventrally, 275–385 (321, n = 3) wide, clearly wider than neck. Suckers ovoid in surface view, 162–210 × 130–191 (182 × 162, n = 8), with thick walls, prominent (
<figureCitation id="F0EF2A4AFFF76519694FFA8CB8BA8511" box="[354,422,1358,1382]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1767,1790]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,339,1722]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,329,1761]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Arostrilepis macrocirrosa Makarikov, Gulyaev &amp; Kontrimavichus, 2011 based on voucher specimen from the Nearctic. A. Dorsoventral view of scolex (MSB 1285); B. Cirrus (MSB 1302); C. Hermaphroditic mature proglottis (MSB 1306); D. Egg (MSB 1306). Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, D = 20 µm; C = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216063/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A). Neck relatively long and narrow, 130–185 (157, n = 3) wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="686B36CFFFF7651968EAFAB0BB2D8581" blockId="21.[151,1436,546,2030]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Dorsal osmoregulatory canals thin, 1–2.5 (1.7, n = 10) wide, situated predominantly in same sagittal plane as ventral canals. Ventral osmoregulatory canals 35–70 (53, n = 10) wide. Genital ducts may pass dorsally or between longitudinal osmoregulatory canals within same strobila; intersegmental variation without regularity. Development of proglottides gradual, protandrous.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="686B36CFFFF7651968EAF9C1B80C8729" blockId="21.[151,1436,546,2030]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
Mature proglottides 167–240 × 670–980 (205 × 825, n = 15), transversely elongate, trapeziform (
<figureCitation id="F0EF2A4AFFF765196D1EF9C0BC66866D" box="[1331,1402,1538,1562]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1767,1790]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,339,1722]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,329,1761]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Arostrilepis macrocirrosa Makarikov, Gulyaev &amp; Kontrimavichus, 2011 based on voucher specimen from the Nearctic. A. Dorsoventral view of scolex (MSB 1285); B. Cirrus (MSB 1302); C. Hermaphroditic mature proglottis (MSB 1306); D. Egg (MSB 1306). Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, D = 20 µm; C = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216063/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
C). Testes usually 
<quantity id="AF2C9B2AFFF765196916F9E4B87A8649" box="[315,358,1574,1598]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
number, almost of equal size, 125–210 × 90–132 (161 × 107, n = 15), round or oval, commonly situated in triangle; poral testis separated from 2 antiporal testes by female gonads. Cirrus sac relatively large, 208–245 × 39–48 (229 × 43, n = 15), commonly overlapping ventral longitudinal canal (
<figureCitation id="F0EF2A4AFFF765196CA4F9ACBDD286F1" box="[1161,1230,1646,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1767,1790]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,339,1722]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,329,1761]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Arostrilepis macrocirrosa Makarikov, Gulyaev &amp; Kontrimavichus, 2011 based on voucher specimen from the Nearctic. A. Dorsoventral view of scolex (MSB 1285); B. Cirrus (MSB 1302); C. Hermaphroditic mature proglottis (MSB 1306); D. Egg (MSB 1306). Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, D = 20 µm; C = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216063/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
C). Genital atrium simple, cup-shaped, deep, opens laterally about middle of lateral proglottis margin. Cirrus large, 95–123 (106, n = 20) long, conical, with relatively wide basal region, 27–34 (30, n = 20) in diameter, and narrow distal region, 17–24 (19, n = 20) wide; armed along entire length with relatively small (up to 4 long) rosethorn-shaped spines (
<figureCitation id="F0EF2A4AFFF765196D1AF918BC668685" box="[1335,1402,1754,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1767,1790]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,339,1722]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,329,1761]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Arostrilepis macrocirrosa Makarikov, Gulyaev &amp; Kontrimavichus, 2011 based on voucher specimen from the Nearctic. A. Dorsoventral view of scolex (MSB 1285); B. Cirrus (MSB 1302); C. Hermaphroditic mature proglottis (MSB 1306); D. Egg (MSB 1306). Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, D = 20 µm; C = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216063/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B). Internal seminal vesicle, ovoid, 86–113 × 30–40 (101 × 36, n = 15), shorter than half of cirrus sac length (
<figureCitation id="F0EF2A4AFFF765196D1AF93CBC668761" box="[1335,1402,1790,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1767,1790]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,339,1722]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,329,1761]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Arostrilepis macrocirrosa Makarikov, Gulyaev &amp; Kontrimavichus, 2011 based on voucher specimen from the Nearctic. A. Dorsoventral view of scolex (MSB 1285); B. Cirrus (MSB 1302); C. Hermaphroditic mature proglottis (MSB 1306); D. Egg (MSB 1306). Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, D = 20 µm; C = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216063/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
C). External seminal vesicle 88–145 × 35–72 (115 × 53, n = 8), with size approximately equal to that of seminal receptacle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="686B36CFFFF7651968EAF8A8BD458799" blockId="21.[151,1436,546,2030]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
Ovary 270–395 (342, n = 10) wide, median, fan-shaped, irregularly lobed, slightly overlapping testes (
<figureCitation id="F0EF2A4AFFF765196D43F8A8B9BA87D1" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1767,1790]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,339,1722]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,329,1761]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Arostrilepis macrocirrosa Makarikov, Gulyaev &amp; Kontrimavichus, 2011 based on voucher specimen from the Nearctic. A. Dorsoventral view of scolex (MSB 1285); B. Cirrus (MSB 1302); C. Hermaphroditic mature proglottis (MSB 1306); D. Egg (MSB 1306). Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, D = 20 µm; C = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216063/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
C). Vitellarium 70–115 × 140–195 (92 × 167, n = 8), postovarian, median, scarcely lobed. Vagina tubular, clearly distinct from seminal receptacle; ventral to cirrus sac. Distal part of vagina 105–112 × 15–25 (107 × 19, n = 8), thick-walled. Seminal receptacle relatively small, 135–155 × 18–33 (147 × 72, n = 8).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="686B36CFFFF4651A68EAFF55BA44816B" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,284]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
Gravid proglottides 490–611 × 815–1240 (552 × 987, n = 10). Fully developed uterus labyrinthine, occupying entire median field and extending bilaterally beyond longitudinal osmoregulatory canals. Eggs 23–26 × 38–43, elliptical, with thin outer coat; oncosphere 11–13 × 14–15 (
<figureCitation id="F0EF2A4AFFF4651A6B1FFF1DBA6A8080" box="[818,886,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1767,1790]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,339,1722]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,329,1761]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Arostrilepis macrocirrosa Makarikov, Gulyaev &amp; Kontrimavichus, 2011 based on voucher specimen from the Nearctic. A. Dorsoventral view of scolex (MSB 1285); B. Cirrus (MSB 1302); C. Hermaphroditic mature proglottis (MSB 1306); D. Egg (MSB 1306). Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, D = 20 µm; C = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216063/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
D). Embryophore fusiform, 12–15 × 23–26, with straight polar processes. Embryonic hooks small, 7.5–8.2 long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="3CAB6647FFF4651A68BAF925BACE874C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216063/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" targetBox="[154,1434,339,1722]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="686B36CFFFF4651A68BAF925BACE874C" blockId="22.[151,1436,1767,1851]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF4651A68BAF925B809868A" bold="true" box="[151,277,1767,1790]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF4651A6932F92ABD13868A" authority="Makarikov, Gulyaev &amp; Kontrimavichus, 2011" authorityName="Makarikov, Gulyaev &amp; Kontrimavichus" authorityYear="2011" box="[287,1039,1768,1790]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Arostrilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="macrocirrosa">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF4651A6932F92ABB3B8689" box="[287,551,1768,1790]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Arostrilepis macrocirrosa</emphasis>
Makarikov, Gulyaev &amp; Kontrimavichus, 2011
</taxonomicName>
based on voucher specimen from the Nearctic. 
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF4651A68D1F8C5B809876B" bold="true" box="[252,277,1799,1820]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">A.</emphasis>
Dorsoventral view of scolex (MSB 1285); 
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF4651A6AF2F8C5BBEA876B" bold="true" box="[735,758,1799,1820]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">B.</emphasis>
Cirrus (MSB 1302); 
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF4651A6BF7F8C4BAEE876A" bold="true" box="[986,1010,1798,1821]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">C.</emphasis>
Hermaphroditic mature proglottis (MSB 1306); 
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF4651A68F2F8E4B9E4874C" bold="true" box="[223,248,1830,1851]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">D.</emphasis>
Egg (MSB 1306). Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, D = 20 µm; C = 500 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="20CE6544FFF4651B68EAF8A1B819824A" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="424" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="686B36CFFFF4651B68EAF8A1B819824A" blockId="22.[151,1436,1890,2023]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="424" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF4651A68EAF8A1B821870C" bold="true" box="[199,317,1891,1915]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Remarks:</emphasis>
Results of the present morphological analysis of specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF4651A6C34F8A1BDCD870C" box="[1049,1233,1891,1915]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Arostrilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="macrocirrosa">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF4651A6C34F8A1BDCD870C" box="[1049,1233,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">A. macrocirrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not indicate a high degree of differentiation between cestode populations from the Nearctic and the Palearctic now isolated by the Bering Strait. Similar to observations in 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF4651A6AA4F869BA2587B4" box="[649,825,1963,1987]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Arostrilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="beringiensis">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF4651A6AA4F869BA2587B4" box="[649,825,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">A. beringiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we noted differences in egg dimensions between conspecific cestodes in the Nearctic and Palearctic (Makarikov 
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF4651A6B70F812BA928790" box="[861,910,1999,2023]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">et al</emphasis>
. 2011). We attribute these minor differences to methods of specimen preparation and mounting medium. Otherwise, specimens we examined representing populations of 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF5651B6969FF7EB8E180A3" box="[324,509,188,212]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Arostrilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="macrocirrosa">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF5651B6969FF7EB8E180A3" box="[324,509,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">A. macrocirrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in red backed voles and limited numbers of cestodes in red squirrels across the Holarctic do not appear to be differentiated morphologically relative to specific geographic localities (Makarikov 
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF5651B6DA5FF23B9B1816B" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">et al</emphasis>
. 2011). These constitute the first confirmed geographic records for 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF5651B6B9EFEC6BD76816B" box="[947,1130,260,284]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Arostrilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="macrocirrosa">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF5651B6B9EFEC6BD76816B" box="[947,1130,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">A. macrocirrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from eastern Beringia and the Nearctic. 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF5651B6916FEEABB7E8137" box="[315,610,296,320]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Arostrilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="macrocirrosa">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF5651B6916FEEABB7E8137" box="[315,610,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Arostrilepis macrocirrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a dominant cestode of 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF5651B6B84FEEABD1C8137" box="[937,1024,296,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF5651B6B84FEEABD1C8137" box="[937,1024,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Myodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
voles at high latitudes across the Holarctic. Occurrence in other arvicolines and sciurids appear to represent incidental infections; 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF5651B6CE6FE8EBC9C8113" box="[1227,1408,332,356]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Arostrilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="macrocirrosa">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF5651B6CE6FE8EBC9C8113" box="[1227,1408,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">A. macrocirrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in red squirrels from Alaska is known based on multiple hosts and specimens collected at the Yukon Charley Rivers National Preserve, Lake Clark National Park and near Chitina (Appendix 1). Records in 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF5651B6C42FE56BDDA81DB" box="[1135,1222,404,428]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF5651B6C42FE56BDDA81DB" box="[1135,1222,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Myodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
voles are currently limited to 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF5651B693FFE7BB89981A7" box="[274,389,440,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rutilus">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF5651B693FFE7BB89981A7" box="[274,389,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">M. rutilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from North 
<collectingCountry id="10C3765FFFF5651B6A32FE75BB9E81B8" box="[543,642,439,463]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">America</collectingCountry>
, and further collections will be necessary to determine if there is a broader geographic range extending to temperate latitudes in the Nearctic. It is not known if 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF5651B6CB7FE1EBC528183" box="[1178,1358,476,500]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Arostrilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="macrocirrosa">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF5651B6CB7FE1EBC528183" box="[1178,1358,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">A. macrocirrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF5651B6DA9FE1EB9C8826F" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Arostrilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cooki">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF5651B6DA9FE1EB9C8826F" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">A. cooki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are parapatric and restricted to different species of 
<taxonomicName id="AFD44D4CFFF5651B6B3DFDC2BA7B826F" box="[784,871,512,536]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5AA0EADDFFF5651B6B3DFDC2BA7B826F" box="[784,871,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Myodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or whether populations of these cestodes occur in sympatry.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>