542 lines
65 KiB
XML
542 lines
65 KiB
XML
<document id="2B2599A17A63402FCD5521C19AF0F58B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5352924" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5352924" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630209239027" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Edmonds, W. D. & Zidek, J." docDate="2010" docId="3A7F7B2C7F6B8865FF34F90024B6EF72" docLanguage="en" docName="0129.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2010 (129)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Coprophanaeus (Megaphanaeus) ensifer" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="C64603547F7C887DFFF4FFB02050E849" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)" masterLastPageNumber="111" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1699186523840" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="E44D1BC3A901AA5CC9E9DBC03DA6C788">A taxonomic review of the neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F17C42CEF1B95B885807E54993679FE1">Edmonds, W. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="33D3427E04638519DA9013273A2608F7">Zidek, J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2C0618B14725340B6F94F0298758313E">Coprophanaeus bonariensis (Gory)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="82D719F411B5BBA9CF897744E3C178B5">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="38BAC74192496FD7E552FEE857D4B44F">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4093EC41EE26F4A44C110D8A4DD93996">2010-07-02</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="534B32A332B775E94032C9E615053A28" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<taxonomicName id="75D6B1B97F6B886AFF34F90023FCEE80" ID-CoL="Y6CC" authority="(Germar, 1821)" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[192,940,1712,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ensifer" subGenus="Megaphanaeus">
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<emphasis id="80A216287F6B886AFF34F90023FCEE80" bold="true" box="[192,940,1712,1737]" pageId="23" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="80A216287F6B886AFF34F90021C7EE80" bold="true" box="[192,407,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="20">Coprophanaeus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="80A216287F6B886AFE52F9002224EE80" bold="true" box="[422,628,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="20">Megaphanaeus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="80A216287F6B886AFD77F90022B0EE80" bold="true" box="[643,736,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="20">ensifer</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="D647B7CB7F6B886AFD18F90023F4EE80" author="Germar, E. F." box="[748,932,1712,1737]" pageId="23" pageNumber="20" pagination="107 - 183" refId="ref57796" refString="Germar, E. F. 1821. Neue exotische Kafer beschrieben von C. R. W. Wiedermann u. E. F. Germar. Magazin der Entomologie 4: 107 - 183." type="journal article" year="1821">Germar, 1821</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="FACC99B17F6B886AFF34F961227EEEA0" box="[192,558,1745,1769]" pageId="23" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B269CA3A7F6B886AFF34F961227EEEA0" blockId="23.[192,940,1712,1769]" box="[192,558,1745,1769]" pageId="23" pageNumber="20">
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<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F6B886AFF34F9612163EEA0" box="[192,307,1745,1769]" captionStart="Figure 5-12" captionStartId="13.[195,279,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[196,1435,194,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[196,1435,194,1764]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 5-12. Characters of Coprophanaeus. 5) Ventral view of front left tibia of C. ensifer (arrow marks elongate tuft of setae). 6) Same, C. dardanus. 7) Left anterolateral pronotal margin of C. spitzi (arrow indicates unbroken circumnotal carina. 8) Same, C. magnoi (arrow indicates broken circumnotal carina). 9) Base of left hind wing of C. cerberus. 10) Same, C. horus. 11) Lateral view left occipital lobe of C. ensifer (asterisk marks swelling). 12) Same, C. spitzi (asterisk marks flat area)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352932/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="20">Fig. 5, 11</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F6B886AFECBF96121E2EEA0" box="[319,434,1745,1769]" captionStart="Figure 13-27" captionStartId="15.[192,276,1691,1713]" captionTargetBox="[280,1357,196,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[280,1357,195,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 13-27. Characters of the Coprophanaeus subgenus Megaphanaeus. 13) Elytral surface of C. lancifer. 14) Same, C. ensifer. 15) Same, C. bonariensis. 16) Same, C. bellicosus. 17) Mesosternum and anterior portion of metasternum of C. lancifer (arrow indicates smooth area of metasternum). 18) Metasternum of C.lancifer. 19) Same, C. ensifer. 20) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of female C. ensifer (broad form). 21) Same (narrow form). 22) Partial lateral view of pronotum male C. ensifer (arrow indicates lateral spine). 23) Same, C. lancifer (arrow indicates vertical ridge). 24) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of male C. lancifer. 25) Same, female (broad form). 26) Same (narrow form). 27) Anterior view of cephalic process of female C. bellicosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352934/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="20">14, 19-22</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F6B886AFE4AF961218EEEA0" box="[446,478,1745,1769]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="16.[192,276,1892,1914]" captionTargetBox="[258,1375,196,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[258,1378,193,1848]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 28. Approximate geographic distribution of Coprophanaeus (Megaphanaeus) species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352936/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="20">28</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F6B886AFE1DF961227EEEA0" box="[489,558,1745,1769]" captionStart="Figure 45-49" captionStartId="25.[192,276,1528,1550]" captionTargetBox="[203,1425,208,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-93@25.[197,1443,192,1523]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 45-49. Coprophanaeus ensifer. 45-46) Female habitus. 47-48) Male habitus. 49) Aedeagus (lateral view above; dorsal view below)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352944/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="20">45-49</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B269CA3A7F6B886AFF34F8A22202EF60" blockId="23.[192,988,1809,1897]" box="[192,594,1809,1833]" pageId="23" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitation id="3377EC2B7F6B886AFF34F8A22202EF60" author="Germar, E. F." box="[192,594,1809,1833]" page="147" pageId="23" pageNumber="20" year="1821">
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<taxonomicName id="75D6B1B97F6B886AFF34F8A22202EF60" ID-CoL="Y5VW" authority="Germar, 1821: 147" authorityName="Germar" authorityPageNumber="147" authorityYear="1821" box="[192,594,1809,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ensifer">
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<emphasis id="80A216287F6B886AFF34F8A22139EF60" box="[192,361,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="20">Copris ensifer</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D647B7CB7F6B886AFE9BF8A12202EF60" author="Germar, E. F." box="[367,594,1809,1833]" pageId="23" pageNumber="20" pagination="107 - 183" refId="ref57796" refString="Germar, E. F. 1821. Neue exotische Kafer beschrieben von C. R. W. Wiedermann u. E. F. Germar. Magazin der Entomologie 4: 107 - 183." type="journal article" year="1821">Germar, 1821: 147</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="B269CA3A7F6B886AFF34F88123C3EF00" blockId="23.[192,988,1809,1897]" box="[192,915,1841,1865]" pageId="23" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="92C6ED147F6B886AFF34F88123C3EF00" box="[192,915,1841,1865]" pageId="23" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitation id="3377EC2B7F6B886AFF34F881221EEF00" author="Sturm, J." box="[192,590,1841,1865]" page="125" pageId="23" pageNumber="20" year="1826">
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<taxonomicName id="75D6B1B97F6B886AFF34F881221EEF00" authority="Sturm, 1826: 125" authorityName="Sturm" authorityPageNumber="125" authorityYear="1826" box="[192,590,1841,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ajax">
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<emphasis id="80A216287F6B886AFF34F8812125EF00" box="[192,373,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="20">Phanaeus ajax</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D647B7CB7F6B886AFE8FF881221EEF00" author="Sturm, J." box="[379,590,1841,1865]" pageId="23" pageNumber="20" refId="ref60110" refString="Sturm, J. 1826. Catalog meiner Insecten-Sammlung, Erster Theil, Kafer. Privately published; Nurnberg. 207 p." type="book" year="1826">Sturm, 1826: 125</bibRefCitation>
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(syn. by
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<treatmentCitation id="3377EC2B7F6B886AFD4CF88123DAEF00" author="Nevinson, B. G." box="[696,906,1841,1865]" page="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="20" year="1892">
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<bibRefCitation id="D647B7CB7F6B886AFD4CF88123DAEF00" author="Nevinson, B. G." box="[696,906,1841,1865]" pageId="23" pageNumber="20" refId="ref59368" refString="Nevinson, B. G. 1892. Revised synonymic list of species in the genera Phanaeus MacLeay and Oxysternon Castelnau. Privately published; London. 10 p." type="book" year="1892">Nevinson 1892: 3</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B269CA3A7F6B886AFF34F8E1238CEF20" blockId="23.[192,988,1809,1897]" box="[192,988,1873,1897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="92C6ED147F6B886AFF34F8E1238CEF20" box="[192,988,1873,1897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitation id="3377EC2B7F6B886AFF34F8E122C8EF20" author="Castelnau, F. L." box="[192,664,1873,1897]" page="79" pageId="23" pageNumber="20" year="1840">
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<taxonomicName id="75D6B1B97F6B886AFF34F8E122C8EF20" ID-CoL="4FSMC" authority="Castelnau, 1840: 79" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityPageNumber="79" authorityYear="1840" box="[192,664,1873,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ducalis">
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<emphasis id="80A216287F6B886AFF34F8E121C9EF20" box="[192,409,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="20">Phanaeus ducalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D647B7CB7F6B886AFE6BF8E122C8EF20" author="Castelnau, F. L." box="[415,664,1873,1897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="20" refId="ref56774" refString="Castelnau, F. L. 1840. Histoire naturelle des insectes coleopteres, vol. 2. Dumenil; Paris. 563 p." type="book" year="1840">Castelnau, 1840: 79</bibRefCitation>
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(syn. by
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<treatmentCitation id="3377EC2B7F6B886AFCF6F8E12383EF20" author="Nevinson, B. G." box="[770,979,1873,1897]" page="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="20" year="1892">
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<bibRefCitation id="D647B7CB7F6B886AFCF6F8E12383EF20" author="Nevinson, B. G." box="[770,979,1873,1897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="20" refId="ref59368" refString="Nevinson, B. G. 1892. Revised synonymic list of species in the genera Phanaeus MacLeay and Oxysternon Castelnau. Privately published; London. 10 p." type="book" year="1892">Nevinson 1892: 5</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B269CA3A7F648865FF34FF7323A6E892" blockId="24.[192,1014,195,251]" box="[192,1014,195,219]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="92C6ED147F648865FF34FF7323A6E892" box="[192,1014,195,219]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="75D6B1B97F648865FF34FF732215E892" ID-CoL="Y6CC" authority="(Germar)" baseAuthorityName="Germar" box="[192,581,195,219]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Megaphanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ensifer">
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<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FF34FF73219FE892" box="[192,463,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Megaphanaeus ensifer</emphasis>
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(Germar)
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</taxonomicName>
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(recomb. by
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<treatmentCitation id="3377EC2B7F648865FD28FF7323BEE892" author="Blackwelder, R. E." box="[732,1006,195,219]" page="209" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" year="1944">
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<bibRefCitation id="D647B7CB7F648865FD28FF7323BEE892" author="Blackwelder, R. E." box="[732,1006,195,219]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref56650" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, West Indies and South America. Part 2. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 185: 189 - 341." type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 209</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B269CA3A7F648865FF34FF53238AE8B2" blockId="24.[192,1014,195,251]" box="[192,986,227,251]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="92C6ED147F648865FF34FF53238AE8B2" box="[192,986,227,251]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="75D6B1B97F648865FF34FF53221DE8B2" ID-CoL="Y6CC" authority="(Germar)" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[192,589,227,251]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ensifer">
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<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FF34FF532186E8B2" box="[192,470,227,251]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Coprophanaeus ensifer</emphasis>
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(Germar)
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</taxonomicName>
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(recomb. by
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<treatmentCitation id="3377EC2B7F648865FD10FF532382E8B2" author="Edmonds, W. D." box="[740,978,227,251]" page="841" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" year="1972">
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<bibRefCitation id="D647B7CB7F648865FD10FF532382E8B2" author="Edmonds, W. D." box="[740,978,227,251]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" pagination="731 - 874" refId="ref56889" refString="Edmonds, W. D. 1972. Comparative skeletal morphology, systematic and evolution of the phanaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 49: 731 - 874." type="journal article" year="1972">Edmonds 1972: 841</bibRefCitation>
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)
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|
||
<paragraph id="B269CA3A7F648865FF34FE9324A2E972" blockId="24.[192,1266,291,315]" box="[192,1266,291,315]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FF34FE93215DE972" bold="true" box="[192,269,291,315]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<typeStatus id="6D6D74987F648865FF34FE932157E972" box="[192,263,291,315]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75D6B1B97F648865FEE7FE9421D7E972" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[275,391,291,315]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ensifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FEE7FE9421D7E972" box="[275,391,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">C. ensifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– unknown to us;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75D6B1B97F648865FD9CFE9422EDE972" authorityName="Sturm" authorityYear="1826" box="[616,701,292,315]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ajax">
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FD9CFE9422EDE972" box="[616,701,292,315]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">P. ajax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– unknown to us;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75D6B1B97F648865FC6AFE942448E972" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1840" box="[926,1048,291,315]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ducalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FC6AFE942448E972" box="[926,1048,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">P. ducalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– unknown to us.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FACC99B17F648865FF34FED3226EEA92" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="B269CA3A7F648865FF34FED3228AEA72" blockId="24.[192,1440,355,731]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FF34FED32100E932" bold="true" box="[192,336,355,379]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FEA1FED321E6E932" box="[341,438,355,379]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">General</emphasis>
|
||
– Pronotum strongly granulate posteromedially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F648865FBFBFED324DCE932" box="[1039,1164,355,379]" captionStart="Figure 13-27" captionStartId="15.[192,276,1691,1713]" captionTargetBox="[280,1357,196,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[280,1357,195,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 13-27. Characters of the Coprophanaeus subgenus Megaphanaeus. 13) Elytral surface of C. lancifer. 14) Same, C. ensifer. 15) Same, C. bonariensis. 16) Same, C. bellicosus. 17) Mesosternum and anterior portion of metasternum of C. lancifer (arrow indicates smooth area of metasternum). 18) Metasternum of C.lancifer. 19) Same, C. ensifer. 20) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of female C. ensifer (broad form). 21) Same (narrow form). 22) Partial lateral view of pronotum male C. ensifer (arrow indicates lateral spine). 23) Same, C. lancifer (arrow indicates vertical ridge). 24) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of male C. lancifer. 25) Same, female (broad form). 26) Same (narrow form). 27) Anterior view of cephalic process of female C. bellicosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352934/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Fig. 20-21</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F648865FB63FED3248FE932" box="[1175,1247,355,379]" captionStart="Figure 45-49" captionStartId="25.[192,276,1528,1550]" captionTargetBox="[203,1425,208,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-93@25.[197,1443,192,1523]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 45-49. Coprophanaeus ensifer. 45-46) Female habitus. 47-48) Male habitus. 49) Aedeagus (lateral view above; dorsal view below)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352944/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">46-47</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posterolateral pronotal ridge short, not extending to lateral pronotal fossa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F648865FC4EFE332443E9D2" box="[954,1043,387,411]" captionStart="Figure 45-49" captionStartId="25.[192,276,1528,1550]" captionTargetBox="[203,1425,208,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-93@25.[197,1443,192,1523]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 45-49. Coprophanaeus ensifer. 45-46) Female habitus. 47-48) Male habitus. 49) Aedeagus (lateral view above; dorsal view below)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352944/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
|
||
, cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F648865FBB1FE3324CFE9D2" box="[1093,1183,387,411]" captionStart="Figure 35-39" captionStartId="20.[192,277,1517,1539]" captionTargetBox="[241,1410,217,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-142@20.[235,1413,210,1500]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 35-39. Coprophanaeus lancifer. 35-36) Female habitus. 37-38) Male habitus (arrow in 37 indicates posterolateral pronotal ridge). 39) Aedeagus (lateral view on left; dorsal view on right)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352940/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metasternal shield completely, coarsely punctured (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F648865FDBFFE1322F1E9F2" box="[587,673,419,443]" captionStart="Figure 13-27" captionStartId="15.[192,276,1691,1713]" captionTargetBox="[280,1357,196,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[280,1357,195,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 13-27. Characters of the Coprophanaeus subgenus Megaphanaeus. 13) Elytral surface of C. lancifer. 14) Same, C. ensifer. 15) Same, C. bonariensis. 16) Same, C. bellicosus. 17) Mesosternum and anterior portion of metasternum of C. lancifer (arrow indicates smooth area of metasternum). 18) Metasternum of C.lancifer. 19) Same, C. ensifer. 20) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of female C. ensifer (broad form). 21) Same (narrow form). 22) Partial lateral view of pronotum male C. ensifer (arrow indicates lateral spine). 23) Same, C. lancifer (arrow indicates vertical ridge). 24) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of male C. lancifer. 25) Same, female (broad form). 26) Same (narrow form). 27) Anterior view of cephalic process of female C. bellicosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352934/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
); anterior portion of metasternum completely finely granulate. Carinulate margins of striae 2-4 strongly undulate such that width of stria at narrowings is no more than one-half (usually much less) of that at widest points; carinulate margins strongly tuberculate at narrowings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F648865FF3DFDB3214EEA52" box="[201,286,515,539]" captionStart="Figure 13-27" captionStartId="15.[192,276,1691,1713]" captionTargetBox="[280,1357,196,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[280,1357,195,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 13-27. Characters of the Coprophanaeus subgenus Megaphanaeus. 13) Elytral surface of C. lancifer. 14) Same, C. ensifer. 15) Same, C. bonariensis. 16) Same, C. bellicosus. 17) Mesosternum and anterior portion of metasternum of C. lancifer (arrow indicates smooth area of metasternum). 18) Metasternum of C.lancifer. 19) Same, C. ensifer. 20) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of female C. ensifer (broad form). 21) Same (narrow form). 22) Partial lateral view of pronotum male C. ensifer (arrow indicates lateral spine). 23) Same, C. lancifer (arrow indicates vertical ridge). 24) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of male C. lancifer. 25) Same, female (broad form). 26) Same (narrow form). 27) Anterior view of cephalic process of female C. bellicosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352934/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Interstriae completely covered by large, round granules. Dorsal color usually shade of green or bluish green, rarely blue. Length
|
||
<quantity id="752E67DF7F648865FDACFD932286EA72" box="[600,726,547,571]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="43.0" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="30.0">30-56 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B269CA3A7F648865FF04FDF32211EAD2" blockId="24.[192,1440,355,731]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FF04FDF3217DEA12" box="[240,301,579,603]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F648865FECFFDF321DFEA12" box="[315,399,579,603]" captionStart="Figure 13-27" captionStartId="15.[192,276,1691,1713]" captionTargetBox="[280,1357,196,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[280,1357,195,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 13-27. Characters of the Coprophanaeus subgenus Megaphanaeus. 13) Elytral surface of C. lancifer. 14) Same, C. ensifer. 15) Same, C. bonariensis. 16) Same, C. bellicosus. 17) Mesosternum and anterior portion of metasternum of C. lancifer (arrow indicates smooth area of metasternum). 18) Metasternum of C.lancifer. 19) Same, C. ensifer. 20) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of female C. ensifer (broad form). 21) Same (narrow form). 22) Partial lateral view of pronotum male C. ensifer (arrow indicates lateral spine). 23) Same, C. lancifer (arrow indicates vertical ridge). 24) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of male C. lancifer. 25) Same, female (broad form). 26) Same (narrow form). 27) Anterior view of cephalic process of female C. bellicosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352934/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F648865FE6DFDF3218DEA12" box="[409,477,579,603]" captionStart="Figure 45-49" captionStartId="25.[192,276,1528,1550]" captionTargetBox="[203,1425,208,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-93@25.[197,1443,192,1523]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 45-49. Coprophanaeus ensifer. 45-46) Female habitus. 47-48) Male habitus. 49) Aedeagus (lateral view above; dorsal view below)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352944/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">47-49</figureCitation>
|
||
) – Pronotal concavity with dorsally inclined spiniform process on each side below prominence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F648865FEA9FDD321E3EA32" box="[349,435,611,635]" captionStart="Figure 13-27" captionStartId="15.[192,276,1691,1713]" captionTargetBox="[280,1357,196,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[280,1357,195,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 13-27. Characters of the Coprophanaeus subgenus Megaphanaeus. 13) Elytral surface of C. lancifer. 14) Same, C. ensifer. 15) Same, C. bonariensis. 16) Same, C. bellicosus. 17) Mesosternum and anterior portion of metasternum of C. lancifer (arrow indicates smooth area of metasternum). 18) Metasternum of C.lancifer. 19) Same, C. ensifer. 20) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of female C. ensifer (broad form). 21) Same (narrow form). 22) Partial lateral view of pronotum male C. ensifer (arrow indicates lateral spine). 23) Same, C. lancifer (arrow indicates vertical ridge). 24) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of male C. lancifer. 25) Same, female (broad form). 26) Same (narrow form). 27) Anterior view of cephalic process of female C. bellicosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352934/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal prominence wide, width of saddle much greater than length. Apical process of parameres rounded in profile.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B269CA3A7F648865FF04FD13250BEAF2" blockId="24.[192,1440,355,731]" box="[240,1371,675,699]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FF04FD13211AEAF2" box="[240,330,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F648865FEACFD132185EAF2" box="[344,469,675,699]" captionStart="Figure 13-27" captionStartId="15.[192,276,1691,1713]" captionTargetBox="[280,1357,196,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[280,1357,195,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 13-27. Characters of the Coprophanaeus subgenus Megaphanaeus. 13) Elytral surface of C. lancifer. 14) Same, C. ensifer. 15) Same, C. bonariensis. 16) Same, C. bellicosus. 17) Mesosternum and anterior portion of metasternum of C. lancifer (arrow indicates smooth area of metasternum). 18) Metasternum of C.lancifer. 19) Same, C. ensifer. 20) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of female C. ensifer (broad form). 21) Same (narrow form). 22) Partial lateral view of pronotum male C. ensifer (arrow indicates lateral spine). 23) Same, C. lancifer (arrow indicates vertical ridge). 24) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of male C. lancifer. 25) Same, female (broad form). 26) Same (narrow form). 27) Anterior view of cephalic process of female C. bellicosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352934/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Fig. 20-21</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F648865FE2BFD132274EAF2" box="[479,548,675,699]" captionStart="Figure 45-49" captionStartId="25.[192,276,1528,1550]" captionTargetBox="[203,1425,208,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-93@25.[197,1443,192,1523]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 45-49. Coprophanaeus ensifer. 45-46) Female habitus. 47-48) Male habitus. 49) Aedeagus (lateral view above; dorsal view below)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352944/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">45-46</figureCitation>
|
||
) – Pronotal concavity lacking spiniform processes. Protarsi present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B269CA3A7F648865FF04FD74226EEA92" blockId="24.[192,1440,355,731]" box="[240,574,707,731]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FF04FD7421A0EA92" box="[240,496,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
– 133.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FACC99B17F648865FF34FCB32134ED72" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="B269CA3A7F648865FF34FCB324D0EB52" blockId="24.[192,1152,771,795]" box="[192,1152,771,795]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FF34FCB32124EB52" bold="true" box="[192,372,771,795]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Caatinga and Cerrado provinces of Chacoan subregion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F648865FBE8FCB32423EB52" box="[1052,1139,771,795]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="16.[192,276,1892,1914]" captionTargetBox="[258,1375,196,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[258,1378,193,1848]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 28. Approximate geographic distribution of Coprophanaeus (Megaphanaeus) species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352936/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B269CA3A7F648865FF34FCF32134ED72" blockId="24.[192,1441,835,1339]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FF34FCF322DAEB12" bold="true" box="[192,650,835,859]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Collection Records.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CAC18AAA7F648865FE21FCF322DAEB12" box="[469,650,835,859]" name="Argentina" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FD6DFCF32344EB12" bold="true" box="[665,788,835,859]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Misiones</emphasis>
|
||
– Loreto.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02BEC0677F648865FC7AFCF32565EB32" country="Bolivia" latitude="-15.25175" location="Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado" longLatPrecision="14" longitude="-61.244724" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FC7AFCF3245DEB12" bold="true" box="[910,1037,835,859]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CAC18AAA7F648865FC7AFCF3245DEB12" box="[910,1037,835,859]" name="Bolivia" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FBE8FCF324E7EB12" bold="true" box="[1052,1207,835,859]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701204D87F648865FBE8FCF324E7EB12" box="[1052,1207,835,859]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<location id="B7099CE17F648865FB25FCF42191EB32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A7F7B2C7F6B8865FF34F90024B6EF72:B7099CE17F648865FB25FCF42191EB32" country="Bolivia" latitude="-15.25175" longLatPrecision="14" longitude="-61.244724" name="Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado</location>
|
||
[Los Fierros],
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FD9DFCD322B7EB32" box="[617,743,865,891]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-14.557778">
|
||
14
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FD72FCD122DDEB26" attach="none" box="[646,653,865,879]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
33’28”S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FD1FFCD32323EB32" box="[747,883,865,891]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-60.930836">
|
||
60
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FCFDFCD12340EB26" attach="right" box="[777,784,865,879]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
55’51”W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FC5EFCD3247FEB32" box="[938,1071,865,891]" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="1" seconds="6.3" value="-15.25175">
|
||
15
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FC33FCD1239EEB26" attach="none" box="[967,974,865,879]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
15’6.3”S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FBC0FCD324EBEB32" box="[1076,1211,865,891]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="15" seconds="41" value="-61.244724">
|
||
61
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FBA5FCD12408EB26" attach="none" box="[1105,1112,865,879]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
14’41”W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(Jan-Feb)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02BEC0677F648865FACBFCD321D6EBD2" country="Bolivia" latitude="-14.833333" location="Caparu" longLatPrecision="1286" longitude="-61.166668" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="B7099CE17F648865FACBFCD325CCEB32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A7F7B2C7F6B8865FF34F90024B6EF72:B7099CE17F648865FACBFCD325CCEB32" box="[1343,1436,867,891]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-14.833333" longLatPrecision="1286" longitude="-61.166668" name="Caparu" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Caparú</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FF34FC33214AEBD2" box="[192,282,897,923]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="925" value="-14.833333">
|
||
14
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FF2AFC3120B6EBC6" attach="none" box="[222,230,897,911]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
50’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FEEBFC3321D6EBD2" box="[287,390,897,923]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="925" value="-61.166668">
|
||
61
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FEC9FC312115EBC6" attach="none" box="[317,325,897,911]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
10’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02BEC0677F648865FE64FC3422AEEBD2" box="[400,766,897,923]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.566668" location="Las Conchas" longLatPrecision="1278" longitude="-59.466667" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="B7099CE17F648865FE64FC34227FEBD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A7F7B2C7F6B8865FF34F90024B6EF72:B7099CE17F648865FE64FC34227FEBD2" box="[400,559,899,923]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.566668" longLatPrecision="1278" longitude="-59.466667" name="Las Conchas" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Las Conchas</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FDCDFC3322C2EBD2" box="[569,658,897,923]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="925" value="-17.566668">
|
||
17
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FDA3FC31220FEBC6" attach="none" box="[599,607,897,911]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
34’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FD6CFC3322AEEBD2" box="[664,766,897,923]" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="925" value="-59.466667">
|
||
59
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FD42FC3122EEEBC6" attach="none" box="[694,702,897,911]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
28’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02BEC0677F648865FCFDFC342439EBD2" box="[777,1129,897,923]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.883333" location="La Guardia" longLatPrecision="1277" longitude="-63.333332" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="B7099CE17F648865FCFDFC3423C9EBD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A7F7B2C7F6B8865FF34F90024B6EF72:B7099CE17F648865FCFDFC3423C9EBD2" box="[777,921,899,923]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.883333" longLatPrecision="1277" longitude="-63.333332" name="La Guardia" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">La Guardia</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FC57FC3323ADEBD2" box="[931,1021,897,923]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="925" value="-17.883333">
|
||
17
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FC35FC312399EBC6" attach="none" box="[961,969,897,911]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
53’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FBF7FC332439EBD2" box="[1027,1129,897,923]" degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="925" value="-63.333332">
|
||
63
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FBD5FC312479EBC6" attach="none" box="[1057,1065,897,911]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
20’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02BEC0677F648865FB87FC3325CBEBD2" box="[1139,1435,897,923]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-18.116667" location="Basilio" longLatPrecision="1276" longitude="-63.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="B7099CE17F648865FB87FC33249BEBD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A7F7B2C7F6B8865FF34F90024B6EF72:B7099CE17F648865FB87FC33249BEBD2" box="[1139,1227,899,923]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-18.116667" longLatPrecision="1276" longitude="-63.2" name="Basilio" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Basilio</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FB22FC33257FEBD2" box="[1238,1327,897,923]" degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="925" value="-18.116667">
|
||
18
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FB00FC3124ACEBC6" attach="none" box="[1268,1276,897,911]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
07’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FAC1FC3325CBEBD2" box="[1333,1435,897,923]" degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="925" value="-63.2">
|
||
63
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FAA7FC31250BEBC6" attach="none" box="[1363,1371,897,911]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
12’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02BEC0677F648865FF34FC1322CEEBF2" box="[192,670,929,955]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-19.75" location="Estancia Perforacion" longLatPrecision="1271" longitude="-62.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="B7099CE17F648865FF34FC132198EBF2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A7F7B2C7F6B8865FF34F90024B6EF72:B7099CE17F648865FF34FC132198EBF2" box="[192,456,931,955]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-19.75" longLatPrecision="1271" longitude="-62.0" name="Estancia Perforacion" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Estancia Perforación</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FE21FC13227FEBF2" box="[469,559,929,955]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="925" value="-19.75">
|
||
19
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FE07FC1121ABEBE6" attach="none" box="[499,507,929,943]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
45’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FDC3FC1322CEEBF2" box="[567,670,929,955]" degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="925" value="-62.0">
|
||
62
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FDA1FC11220DEBE6" attach="none" box="[597,605,929,943]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
00’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02BEC0677F648865FD5FFC132570EBF2" box="[683,1312,929,955]" country="Bolivia" elevation="230" latitude="-14.733334" location="Perseverancia" longLatPrecision="1287" longitude="-62.783333" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="230">
|
||
<quantity id="752E67DF7F648865FD5FFC1322A9EBF2" box="[683,761,931,955]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
SW
|
||
<location id="B7099CE17F648865FCC1FC1323B8EBF2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A7F7B2C7F6B8865FF34F90024B6EF72:B7099CE17F648865FCC1FC1323B8EBF2" box="[821,1000,931,955]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-14.733334" longLatPrecision="1287" longitude="-62.783333" name="Perseverancia" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Perseverancia</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FC01FC13241FEBF2" box="[1013,1103,929,955]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="925" value="-14.733334">
|
||
14
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FBE7FC11244BEBE6" attach="none" box="[1043,1051,929,943]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
44’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FBA3FC1324EEEBF2" box="[1111,1214,929,955]" degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="925" value="-62.783333">
|
||
62
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FB81FC11242DEBE6" attach="none" box="[1141,1149,929,943]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
47’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="A4D001B37F648865FB3FFC132570EBF2" box="[1227,1312,931,955]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="752E67DF7F648865FB3FFC13254BEBF2" box="[1227,1307,931,955]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="230.0">
|
||
<elevation id="39FB2D097F648865FB3FFC13254BEBF2" box="[1227,1307,931,955]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="230.0">230 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02BEC0677F648865FADCFC1323C4EBB2" country="Brazil" elevation="600" location="Rio Verde" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alagoas">
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FADCFC1325C8EBF2" bold="true" box="[1320,1432,931,955]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CAC18AAA7F648865FADCFC1325C8EBF2" box="[1320,1432,931,955]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FF34FC73217DEB92" bold="true" box="[192,301,963,987]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701204D87F648865FF34FC73217DEB92" box="[192,301,963,987]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
– Maçeio (Jul).
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FE04FC732212EB92" bold="true" box="[496,578,963,987]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Bahia</emphasis>
|
||
– Encruzilhada (Dec).
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FCA9FC73246DEB92" bold="true" box="[861,1085,963,987]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Distrito Federal</emphasis>
|
||
– Brasilia,
|
||
<quantity id="752E67DF7F648865FB3FFC732547EB92" box="[1227,1303,963,987]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="600.0">
|
||
<elevation id="39FB2D097F648865FB3FFC732547EB92" box="[1227,1303,963,987]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(Nov-Dec).
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FF34FC53215EEBB2" bold="true" box="[192,270,995,1019]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701204D87F648865FF34FC53215EEBB2" box="[192,270,995,1019]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Goias</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
– Bananeiras (Jan).
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FDFEFC5322E6EBB2" bold="true" box="[522,694,995,1019]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701204D87F648865FDFEFC5322E6EBB2" box="[522,694,995,1019]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<location id="B7099CE17F648865FD24FC532318EBB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A7F7B2C7F6B8865FF34F90024B6EF72:B7099CE17F648865FD24FC532318EBB2" box="[720,840,995,1019]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Verde" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" stateProvince="Alagoas">Rio Verde</location>
|
||
(Nov)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02BEC0677F648865FC6AFC532103EC52" country="Brazil" elevation="400" latitude="-14.236112" location="Fazenda Sao Joao" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-56.13639" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="B7099CE17F648865FC6AFC53242BEBB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A7F7B2C7F6B8865FF34F90024B6EF72:B7099CE17F648865FC6AFC53242BEBB2" box="[926,1147,995,1019]" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.236112" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-56.13639" name="Fazenda Sao Joao" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Fazenda São João</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FB72FC532558EBB2" box="[1158,1288,993,1019]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-14.236112">
|
||
14
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FB50FC5124FCEBA6" attach="none" box="[1188,1196,993,1007]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
14’10”S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FAF9FC5325CBEBB2" box="[1293,1435,993,1019]" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-56.13639">
|
||
56
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FADFFC512563EBA6" attach="none" box="[1323,1331,993,1007]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
08’11”W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="752E67DF7F648865FF34FBB3215BEC52" box="[192,267,1027,1051]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="400.0">
|
||
<elevation id="39FB2D097F648865FF34FBB3215BEC52" box="[192,267,1027,1051]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(Jan)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; Arinos (Nov).
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FDF3FBB32340EC52" bold="true" box="[519,784,1027,1051]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701204D87F648865FDF3FBB32340EC52" box="[519,784,1027,1051]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
– Piraputanga (Mar); Selvíria (Jan).
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FB21FBB325DCEC52" bold="true" box="[1237,1420,1027,1051]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701204D87F648865FB21FBB325DCEC52" box="[1237,1420,1027,1051]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
– Lagoa Santa; Machacalis (Dec);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02BEC0677F648865FDA4FB932173EC12" country="Brazil" county="Uberlandia" latitude="-6.6833334" location="Mamanguape" longLatPrecision="1304" longitude="-35.166668" municipality="Dec" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Paraiba">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="5B08B2B67F648865FDA4FB93228DEC72" box="[592,733,1059,1083]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Uberlândia</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="520D50407F648865FD19FB932370EC72" box="[749,800,1059,1083]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Dec</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FCC0FB9223F3EC72" bold="true" box="[820,931,1058,1083]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701204D87F648865FCC0FB9223F3EC72" box="[820,931,1058,1083]" country="Brazil" name="Paraiba" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Paraíba</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<location id="B7099CE17F648865FC35FB94243BEC75" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A7F7B2C7F6B8865FF34F90024B6EF72:B7099CE17F648865FC35FB94243BEC75" box="[961,1131,1060,1084]" country="Brazil" county="Uberlandia" latitude="-6.6833334" longLatPrecision="1304" longitude="-35.166668" municipality="Dec" name="Mamanguape" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" stateProvince="Paraiba">Mamanguape</location>
|
||
[Rebio Guaribas],
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FAA1FB9325F0EC72" box="[1365,1440,1057,1083]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="925" value="-6.6833334">
|
||
6
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FA90FB91253CEC66" attach="none" box="[1380,1388,1057,1071]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
41’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7E2ACFD7F648865FF34FBF32173EC12" box="[192,291,1089,1115]" degrees="35" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" precision="925" value="-35.166668">
|
||
35
|
||
<superScript id="45A367727F648865FF29FBF120B5EC06" attach="none" box="[221,229,1089,1103]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">o</superScript>
|
||
10’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02BEC0677F648865FED9FBF4235CEC32" country="Brazil" location="Universidade Federal de Pernambuco" municipality="Mata do Buraquinho" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pernambuco">
|
||
João Pessoa [
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="520D50407F648865FE33FBF42291EC12" box="[455,705,1091,1115]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Mata do Buraquinho</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
] (May).
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FCEBFBF3239CEC12" bold="true" box="[799,972,1091,1115]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701204D87F648865FCEBFBF3239CEC12" box="[799,972,1091,1115]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
– Recife [campus
|
||
<location id="B7099CE17F648865FB69FBF321D1EC32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A7F7B2C7F6B8865FF34F90024B6EF72:B7099CE17F648865FB69FBF321D1EC32" country="Brazil" municipality="Mata do Buraquinho" name="Universidade Federal de Pernambuco" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" stateProvince="Pernambuco">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco</location>
|
||
] (Aug).
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FE2AFBD32238EC32" bold="true" box="[478,616,1123,1147]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701204D87F648865FE2AFBD32238EC32" box="[478,616,1123,1147]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
– Assis (Dec)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; Descalvado (Mar); Colina (May); Itirapina (Feb);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02BEC0677F648865FA99FBD3213DECD2" country="Brazil" location="Ilha Solteira" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="B7099CE17F648865FA99FBD32172ECD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A7F7B2C7F6B8865FF34F90024B6EF72:B7099CE17F648865FA99FBD32172ECD2" country="Brazil" name="Ilha Solteira" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Ilha Solteira</location>
|
||
(Feb)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02BEC0677F648865FE8DFB33229CECD2" box="[377,716,1155,1179]" country="Brazil" location="Sao Jose do Rio Preto" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="B7099CE17F648865FE8DFB3322D2ECD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A7F7B2C7F6B8865FF34F90024B6EF72:B7099CE17F648865FE8DFB3322D2ECD2" box="[377,642,1155,1179]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Jose do Rio Preto" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">São José do Rio Preto</location>
|
||
(Dec)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; Riberão Preto (Feb); Bálsamo (Nov);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02BEC0677F648865FB6BFB3325CBECD2" box="[1183,1435,1155,1179]" country="Brazil" location="Rio Claro" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="B7099CE17F648865FB6BFB332544ECD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A7F7B2C7F6B8865FF34F90024B6EF72:B7099CE17F648865FB6BFB332544ECD2" box="[1183,1300,1155,1179]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Claro" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Rio Claro</location>
|
||
(Feb-Mar)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; Araraquara (Oct); Urupês (Nov); Planalto (Apr); Limeira (Feb); São José dos Campos (Oct-Nov);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02BEC0677F648865FAC5FB132152EC92" country="Brazil" location="Rio Preto" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="B7099CE17F648865FAC5FB1325F0ECF2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A7F7B2C7F6B8865FF34F90024B6EF72:B7099CE17F648865FAC5FB1325F0ECF2" box="[1329,1440,1187,1211]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Preto" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Rio Preto</location>
|
||
(Dec)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; Franca (Nov); Mogi Guaçu [Fazenda Campininas] (Jan); Campinas (Nov-Dec).
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02BEC0677F648865FB42FB73230CED52" country="Paraguay" location="Alto Parana" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alto Parana">
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FB42FB73250BEC92" bold="true" box="[1206,1371,1219,1243]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CAC18AAA7F648865FB42FB73250BEC92" box="[1206,1371,1219,1243]" name="Paraguay" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">PARAGUAY</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FA93FB732176ECB2" bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701204D87F648865FA93FB732176ECB2" country="Paraguay" name="Alto Parana" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Alto Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
– Limoy (Sep-Oct).
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FDD2FB5322F9ECB2" bold="true" box="[550,681,1251,1275]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Anambay</emphasis>
|
||
– Cerro Cora Feb, Dec).
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FC1FFB522425ECB2" bold="true" box="[1003,1141,1250,1275]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701204D87F648865FC1FFB522425ECB2" box="[1003,1141,1250,1275]" country="Paraguay" name="Caaguazu" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Caaguazú</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
– Caaguazú (Nov-Dec).
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FF34FAB22132ED52" bold="true" box="[192,354,1282,1307]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701204D87F648865FF34FAB22132ED52" box="[192,354,1282,1307]" country="Paraguay" name="Concepcion" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Concepción</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
– Cororó (Nov).
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FDD0FAB222D5ED52" bold="true" box="[548,645,1282,1307]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701204D87F648865FDD0FAB222D5ED52" box="[548,645,1282,1307]" country="Paraguay" name="Guaira" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Guairá</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
– Villarrica (Dec)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; Independencia; Melgarejo (Sep).
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FB00FAB325DCED52" bold="true" box="[1268,1420,1283,1307]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Kanindeyu</emphasis>
|
||
– Carapa (Apr).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FACC99B17F648865FF34FAD324B6EF72" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="B269CA3A7F648865FF34FAD32298EE52" blockId="24.[192,1440,1379,1851]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FF34FAD3210CED32" bold="true" box="[192,348,1379,1403]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D647B7CB7F648865FE95FAD32200ED32" author="Endres, A. A. & M. I. Medina-Hernandez & A. J. Creao-Duarte" box="[353,592,1379,1403]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" pagination="427 - 429" refId="ref57072" refString="Endres, A. A., M. I. Medina-Hernandez, and A. J. Creao-Duarte. 2005. Consideracoes sobre Coprophanaeus ensifer (Germar) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) em um remanescente de Mata Atlantica no estado da Paraiba, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 49: 427 - 429." type="journal article" year="2005">Endres et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied the phenology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75D6B1B97F648865FC73FAD423AAED32" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[903,1018,1379,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ensifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FC73FAD423AAED32" box="[903,1018,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">C. ensifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701204D87F648865FBEBFAD324D1ED32" box="[1055,1153,1379,1403]" country="Brazil" name="Paraiba" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Paraíba</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CAC18AAA7F648865FB7BFAD3248CED32" box="[1167,1244,1379,1403]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and found that adult abundance and activity are greatest during the April–September rainy season and that beetles showed no preference for carrion
|
||
<typeStatus id="6D6D74987F648865FDBEFA14222FEDF5" box="[586,639,1444,1468]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
|
||
used to bait traps.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D647B7CB7F648865FC94FA132446EDF2" author="Otronen, M." box="[864,1046,1443,1467]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" pagination="741 - 748" refId="ref59485" refString="Otronen, M. 1988. Intra- and intersexual interactions at breeding burrows in the horned beetle, Coprophanaeus ensifer. Animal Behaviour 36: 741 - 748." type="journal article" year="1988">Otronen (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided observations and interpretations on horn variation and combat in this species in both sexes. Fighting in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75D6B1B97F648865FB69FA742540ED92" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[1181,1296,1475,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ensifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="80A216287F648865FB69FA742540ED92" box="[1181,1296,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">C. ensifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs both intra- and intersexually. Males fight males to defend or gain resources and to win females; females fight females and males to defend their burrows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B269CA3A7F648865FF04F993253EEE92" blockId="24.[192,1440,1379,1851]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
This species varies in color. The usual tone is dark metallic green, often with contrasting bluish reflections.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D647B7CB7F648865FEBEF9F321BDEE12" author="Pessoa, S. B." box="[330,493,1603,1627]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21" pagination="279 - 314" refId="ref59777" refString="Pessoa, S. B. 1934. Contribuicao para o conhecimento das especies brasileiras do genero Phanaeus. (Col. Scarabaeidae). Annaes da Faculdade da Medicina de Sao Paulo 10: 279 - 314." type="journal article" year="1934">Pessôa (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported rare metallic blue individuals from Lussanvira,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701204D87F648865FB62F9F3255FEE12" box="[1174,1295,1603,1627]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and bluishgreen individuals from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701204D87F648865FE23F9D42222EE32" box="[471,626,1635,1659]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
. A very dark bluish-green form occurs in the gallery forests of northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701204D87F648865FF1AF93421D5EED2" box="[238,389,1667,1691]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Querencia, Diamantino, Trivelato), where the species has evidently invaded a decidedly Amazonian habitat; the male of this form has a small median tooth between larger lateral ones born apically on the median projection of the pronotal prominence (Fernando Vaz-de-Mello, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B269CA3A7F648865FF04F95324B6EF72" blockId="24.[192,1440,1379,1851]" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The female pronotal prominence takes two forms. The summit of the more frequent one is broadly saddle-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F648865FE8DF8B3219CEF52" box="[377,460,1795,1819]" captionStart="Figure 13-27" captionStartId="15.[192,276,1691,1713]" captionTargetBox="[280,1357,196,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[280,1357,195,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 13-27. Characters of the Coprophanaeus subgenus Megaphanaeus. 13) Elytral surface of C. lancifer. 14) Same, C. ensifer. 15) Same, C. bonariensis. 16) Same, C. bellicosus. 17) Mesosternum and anterior portion of metasternum of C. lancifer (arrow indicates smooth area of metasternum). 18) Metasternum of C.lancifer. 19) Same, C. ensifer. 20) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of female C. ensifer (broad form). 21) Same (narrow form). 22) Partial lateral view of pronotum male C. ensifer (arrow indicates lateral spine). 23) Same, C. lancifer (arrow indicates vertical ridge). 24) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of male C. lancifer. 25) Same, female (broad form). 26) Same (narrow form). 27) Anterior view of cephalic process of female C. bellicosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352934/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the less frequent condition the sides of the median saddle are closely appressed, producing a fluted salience (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AEDD6BF7F648865FDE2F893223BEF72" box="[534,619,1827,1851]" captionStart="Figure 13-27" captionStartId="15.[192,276,1691,1713]" captionTargetBox="[280,1357,196,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[280,1357,195,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 13-27. Characters of the Coprophanaeus subgenus Megaphanaeus. 13) Elytral surface of C. lancifer. 14) Same, C. ensifer. 15) Same, C. bonariensis. 16) Same, C. bellicosus. 17) Mesosternum and anterior portion of metasternum of C. lancifer (arrow indicates smooth area of metasternum). 18) Metasternum of C.lancifer. 19) Same, C. ensifer. 20) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of female C. ensifer (broad form). 21) Same (narrow form). 22) Partial lateral view of pronotum male C. ensifer (arrow indicates lateral spine). 23) Same, C. lancifer (arrow indicates vertical ridge). 24) Dorsal view of posteromedian pronotal prominence of male C. lancifer. 25) Same, female (broad form). 26) Same (narrow form). 27) Anterior view of cephalic process of female C. bellicosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352934/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both forms occur together in the region of Brasilia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |