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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3b857f7-25c1-4b21-9d39-4510ab675fca" ID-PMC="PMC7655787" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-983-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" ID-PubMed="33244289" ID-ZooBank="7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9" ModsDocID="1313-2970-983-1" checkinTime="1604475085656" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. &amp; Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2020" docId="42AFBE6295690C4D894AD2D267D4B8CA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 983: 1-442" docOrigin="ZooKeys 983" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" docTitle="Xyleborinus exiguus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" masterDocTitle="A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China" masterLastPageNumber="442" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169715782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-3736</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">camptocerus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>983</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168754572" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:42AFBE6295690C4D894AD2D267D4B8CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/42AFBE6295690C4D894AD2D267D4B8CA" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="(Walker, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborinus exiguus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">Xyleborinus exiguus (Walker, 1859)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 83" captionStartId="F83" captionText="Figure 83. Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of Xyleborinus disgregus holotype, 1.8 - 2.0 mm (A, B, I), X. echinopterus holotype, 3.0 mm (C, D, J), X. ephialtodes holotype, 2.6 mm (E, F, K), and X. exiguus, 1.8 - 2.0 mm (G, H, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure83" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470883" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 83G, H, L</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bostrichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bostrichus exiguus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">Bostrichus exiguus</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1859: 260.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborinus exiguus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">Xyleborinus exiguus</taxonomicName>
(Walker):
<bibRefCitation author="Maiti, PK" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publications, Occasional Papers" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 182" refId="B252" refString="Maiti, PK, Saha, N, 1986. Contributions to the knowledge of the bark and timber beetles (Scolytidae: Coleoptera) of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publications, Occasional Papers 86: 1 - 182" title="Contributions to the knowledge of the bark and timber beetles (Scolytidae: Coleoptera) of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands." volume="86" year="1986">Maiti and Saha 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 109.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus muriceus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muriceus">Xyleborus muriceus</taxonomicName>
Eichhoff, 1878a: 392. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation author="Eggers, H" journalOrPublisher="Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Narodniho Musea v Praze" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="151 - 160" refId="B116" refString="Eggers, H, 1925. Ipidae aus Birma. Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Narodniho Musea v Praze 3: 151 - 160" title="Ipidae aus Birma." volume="3" year="1925">Eggers 1925</bibRefCitation>
: 154.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus diversus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversus">Xyleborus diversus</taxonomicName>
Schedl, 1954b: 80. syn. nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus perexiguus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perexiguus">Xyleborus perexiguus</taxonomicName>
Schedl, 1971b: 381. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation author="Hulcr, J" journalOrPublisher="Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Entomological Society of America, Lanham" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B205" refString="Hulcr, J, Cognato, AI, 2013. Xyleborini of New Guinea: A Taxonomic Monograph. Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Entomological Society of America, Lanham" title="Xyleborini of New Guinea: A Taxonomic Monograph." year="2013">Hulcr and Cognato 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 142.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus ankius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankius">Xyleborus ankius</taxonomicName>
Schedl, 1975c: 361. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation author="Hulcr, J" journalOrPublisher="Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Entomological Society of America, Lanham" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B205" refString="Hulcr, J, Cognato, AI, 2013. Xyleborini of New Guinea: A Taxonomic Monograph. Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Entomological Society of America, Lanham" title="Xyleborini of New Guinea: A Taxonomic Monograph." year="2013">Hulcr and Cognato 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 142.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bostrichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bostrichus exiguus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bostrichus exiguus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paralectotype</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus diversus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus diversus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK). The holotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus muriceus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muriceus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus muriceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was destroyed in the bombing of UHZM in World War II (
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 1553" refId="B490" refString="Wood, SL, Bright, DE, 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 13: 1 - 1553" title="A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index." volume="13" year="1992">Wood and Bright 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="new records">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Cambodia: Kumpong Speu, Oral mountain foot, Cardamom [Mts.], 25-31.i.2006, Oul Yothin, Malaise trap (IRSNB, 1). China: Jiangxi, Shang Rao, 31.viii.2016, Lv-Jia, Lai, S-C., ex
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prunus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (RABC, 1). S Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 20 km NW Jinghong, vic. Man Dian (NNNR),
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="07.80" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="22.13">22°07.80'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="40.05" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="100.6675">100°40.05'E</geoCoordinate>
, 740 m, rubber plantation., 10.x.2008, A. Weigel (RABC, 1); as previous except: 23 km NW Jinghong, vic. Na Ban village (NNNR),
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.166666">22°10'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="100.65">100°39'E</geoCoordinate>
, 700-1000 m, v-vii. 2009, L. Meng (NKME, 10; RABC, 3). Laos: Vientiane, Ban Van Eue, 30.ii.1965 (BPBM, 1). Taiwan: Nantou, Sun Moon Lake, 29.xii.2012, Lin, C-S. (CSLC, 1). Vietnam: Dong Nai, Cat Tien N.P.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="11.40817" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="11.40817">11.40817</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="107.38098" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="107.38098">107.38098</geoCoordinate>
, 134 m, 20-22.ii.2017, VN81, A.I. Cognato, T.A. Hoang, ex FIT (MSUC, 2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
1.8-2.0 mm long (mean = 1.88 mm; n = 5); 2.57-3.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the declivital face with interstriae 2 unarmed by tubercles; elytral apex attenuated, with three (usually) pairs of large flattened tubercles; and declivital interstriae flat, interstriae 2 not impressed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith &amp; Beaver &amp; Cognato" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborinus huifenyinae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huifenyinae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborinus huifenyinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. perpusillus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perpusillus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. perpusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. tritus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tritus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. tritus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Recorded in the study region from India (Andaman Is), Cambodia*, China* (Jiangxi, Yunnan), Laos*, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan*, Thailand, Vietnam. Also recorded from American Samoa, Australia, Cook Is, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Guam, Indonesia (Java, Maluku, Sulawesi, Sumatra), East &amp; West Malaysia, Mariana Is., New Guinea, Niue I., Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tahiti. Introduced to West Africa (Angola, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast) (
<bibRefCitation author="Beaver, RA" journalOrPublisher="The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="113 - 119" refId="B16" refString="Beaver, RA, 2005. A remarkable new species of Cyclorhipidion Hagedorn, and new records of bark and ambrosia beetles from Gabon (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae and Platypodinae). The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 141: 113 - 119" title="A remarkable new species of Cyclorhipidion Hagedorn, and new records of bark and ambrosia beetles from Gabon (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae and Platypodinae)." volume="141" year="2005">Beaver 2005</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 1553" refId="B490" refString="Wood, SL, Bright, DE, 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 13: 1 - 1553" title="A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index." volume="13" year="1992">Wood and Bright 1992</bibRefCitation>
) and Central America (Costa Rica, Panama) (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1588.1.3" author="Kirkendall, LR" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="53 - 62" refId="B231" refString="Kirkendall, LR, Odegaard, F, 2007. Ongoing invasions of old-growth tropical forests: establishment of three incestuous beetle species in Central America (Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Zootaxa 1588: 53 - 62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1588.1.3" title="Ongoing invasions of old-growth tropical forests: establishment of three incestuous beetle species in Central America (Curculionidae, Scolytinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1588.1.3" volume="1588" year="2007">
Kirkendall and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ødegaard">Odegaard</normalizedToken>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Polyphagous (
<bibRefCitation author="Browne, FG" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Forest Records" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 255" refId="B70" refString="Browne, FG, 1961b. The biology of Malayan Scolytidae and Platypodidae. Malayan Forest Records 22: 1 - 255" title="The biology of Malayan Scolytidae and Platypodidae." volume="22" year="1961 b">Browne 1961b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A paralectotype of the West African species,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus diversus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus diversus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK), has been compared directly with the holotype of the Oriental species,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborinus exiguus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborinus exiguus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK), and is clearly conspecific.
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. diversus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="diversus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. diversus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here placed in synonymy with
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. exiguus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="exiguus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. exiguus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Kalshoven, LGE" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="135 - 173" refId="B220" refString="Kalshoven, LGE, 1959b. Studies on the biology of Indonesian Scolytoidea 4. Data on the habits of Scolytidae. Second part. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 102: 135 - 173" title="Studies on the biology of Indonesian Scolytoidea 4. Data on the habits of Scolytidae. Second part." volume="102" year="1959 b">Kalshoven (1959b)</bibRefCitation>
gives details of brood sizes in various hosts in relation to the size of the brood chamber.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>