459 lines
57 KiB
XML
459 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="ABFD3B1B6BE9F618AA7CED284CCF746F" ID-CLB-Dataset="39078" ID-DOI="10.13102/sociobiology.v62i4.845" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2c55f0dc-857e-4db3-9b62-03524f872198" ID-Zenodo-Dep="269908" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1463064616168" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ama JOma & Wp MacKay" docDate="2015" docId="100B5B7CFF68FF96FF07E0A8FB48FA9B" docLanguage="en" docName="joma__mackay_2015_sociobiology_revision_of_the_african_ants_of_the_bothroponera_pumicosa_species_complex_-hymenoptera_formicidae_ponerin.pdf" docOrigin="Sociobiology 62 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Bothroponera granosa Roger" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="552" masterDocId="EC322304FF65FF98FF86E02AFFABFFAD" masterDocTitle="Revision of the African Ants of the Bothroponera pumicosa Species Complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)" masterLastPageNumber="563" masterPageNumber="538" pageNumber="551" updateTime="1698662492046" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="135EF1A0AB2ADFC4C9B71ED466002D39">
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<mods:title id="B99DB423F1266713F5F94E5B41729D14">Revision of the African Ants of the Bothroponera pumicosa Species Complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5436937610BDEE763AD3EE99A609D4F2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3C8978A7AE581D5E895547583418DB25">Ama JOma</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C03B11715496EF78DD3904E8B0657A0B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6139531AC360C25A6060AFE136BB2AFE">Wp MacKay</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B8C7FDD5372F03644DE395C11E443F55">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0D0AA1FAE9DD5974F409C8A82A629591">Sociobiology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5FB9D96A46F6845051DE7FEB181C3424">
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<mods:date id="38761905411E977C54B3BEE37444B0C3">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="11EE5CB46D2F49B43C92B861044B053A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F1264A10FBD584598BB3BD62AF942F56">62</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6CF4CE3AA470D1C97F176554ACDACE08">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8C64975A71266D230315E02424CC2430" type="DOI">10.13102/sociobiology.v62i4.845</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="100B5B7CFF68FF96FF07E0A8FB48FA9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6102151" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120677593" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6102151" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:100B5B7CFF68FF96FF07E0A8FB48FA9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/100B5B7CFF68FF96FF07E0A8FB48FA9B" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="552" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">
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<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF68FF95FF07E0A8FE73FF37" box="[129,472,130,154]" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF68FF95FF07E0A8FE73FF37" blockId="13.[129,490,130,189]" box="[129,472,130,154]" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">
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<heading id="C3555D06FF68FF95FF07E0A8FE73FF37" bold="true" box="[129,472,130,154]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" reason="6">
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<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FF07E0A8FE73FF37" authority="Roger" authorityName="Roger" box="[129,472,130,154]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FF07E0A8FE73FF37" bold="true" box="[129,472,130,154]" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FF07E0A8FED1FF37" bold="true" box="[129,378,130,154]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">Bothroponera granosa</emphasis>
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(Roger)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF68FF95FF07E08FFE41FF10" box="[129,490,165,189]" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" type="description">
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<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF68FF95FF07E08FFE41FF10" blockId="13.[129,490,130,189]" box="[129,490,165,189]" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">
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Figures 12, 13 and
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<figureCitation id="0099F6EFFF68FF95FEC8E08FFE32FF10" box="[334,409,165,189]" captionStart="Plate 5" captionStartId="13.[828,880,1279,1300]" captionTargetBox="[828,1481,128,1253]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[828,1482,126,1255]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Plate 5: Bothroponera granosa, worker. (From www. antweb. org. Accessed 23 February 2015)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269921/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">Plate 5</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="0099F6EFFF68FF95FE23E08CFE41FF10" box="[421,490,165,189]" captionStart="Map 6" captionStartId="14.[805,853,1982,2003]" captionTargetBox="[806,1451,1380,1960]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[805,1459,1375,1960]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Map 6. The distribution of B. granosa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269922/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">Map 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF68FF95FF4AE0C1FD1CFE7E" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF68FF95FF4AE0C1FD1CFE7E" blockId="13.[128,783,234,1992]" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">
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<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FF4AE0C1FD89FEAE" authority="Roger, 1860: 290" authorityName="Roger" authorityPageNumber="290" authorityYear="1860" box="[204,546,234,259]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FF4AE0C1FEC4FEAF" box="[204,367,235,258]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">Ponera granosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF68FF95FEF2E0C1FE58FEAF" author="Roger, J." box="[372,499,234,259]" journalOrPublisher="Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" pagination="278 - 312" part="4" refString="Roger, J. (1860). Die Ponera-artigen Ameisen. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4: 278 - 312." title="Die Ponera-artigen Ameisen" type="journal article" year="1860">Roger, 1860</bibRefCitation>
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: 290
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</taxonomicName>
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(w) SOUTH AFRICA, Cape of Good Hope;
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<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FEFFE127FF00FEE5" authority="Mayr, 1862: 717" authorityName="Mayr" authorityPageNumber="717" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FEFFE127FDD9FE88" box="[377,626,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">Bothroponera granosa</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF68FF95FD03E124FCA0FE88" author="Mayr, G." box="[645,779,269,294]" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" pagination="649 - 776" part="12" refString="Mayr, G. (1862). Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 12: 649 - 776." title="Myrmecologische Studien" type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr, 1862</bibRefCitation>
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: 717
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF68FF95FF31E11AFED0FEE5" author="Dalla Torre, K. W. von" box="[183,379,304,328]" journalOrPublisher="Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann." pageId="13" pageNumber="551" pagination="289" part="7" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. von. (1893). Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7 (pp 289) Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann." title="Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus" type="journal article" year="1893">Dalla Torre, 1893</bibRefCitation>
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:36;
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<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF68FF95FE21E11AFD3EFEE5" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[423,661,304,328]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" pagination="1 - 1004" part="45" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1922). Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 45: 1 - 1004." title="Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition" type="journal article" year="1922">Wheeler, W. M. 1922</bibRefCitation>
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: 770;
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<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF68FF95FD50E11AFEF0FEC6" author="Joma, A. M. A. & Mackay, W. P." journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" pagination="1 - 8" part="2013" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/917847" refString="Joma, A. M. A. & Mackay, W. P. (2013). A new species of Afrotropical ants in the genus Bothroponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Psyche 2013: 1 - 8. doi: 10.1155 / 2013 / 917847" title="A new species of Afrotropical ants in the genus Bothroponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)" type="journal article" year="2013">Joma and Mackay: 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 3;
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<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF68FF95FE17E179FD71FEC6" author="Schmidt C. A. & Shattuck, S. O." box="[401,730,339,363]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa, 3817" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" pagination="1 - 242" part="1" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3647.2.1." refString="Schmidt C. A. & Shattuck, S. O. (2014). The higher classification of the ant subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a review of ponerine ecology and behavior. Zootaxa, 3817 (1): 1 - 242. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3647.2.1." title="The higher classification of the ant subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a review of ponerine ecology and behavior" type="journal article" year="2014">Schmidt and Shattuck, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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: 76;
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<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FF06E15FFCA1FE20" ID-CoL="4BQV4" authority="Emery, 1901: 45" authorityName="Emery" authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="1901" box="[128,778,373,398]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa" subGenus="Bothroponera">
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FF06E15FFEBCFE20" box="[128,279,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">Pachycondyla</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FEA8E15FFE6FFE20" box="[302,452,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">Bothroponera</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FE5CE15CFD9AFE20" box="[474,561,374,397]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">granosa</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF68FF95FDC1E15CFD70FE20" author="Emery, C." box="[583,731,373,398]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" pagination="32 - 54" part="45" refString="Emery, C. (1901). Notes sur les sous-familles des Dorylines et Ponerines (Famille des Formicides). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 45: 32 - 54." title="Notes sur les sous-familles des Dorylines et Ponerines (Famille des Formicides)" type="journal article" year="1901">Emery, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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: 45
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF68FF95FF06E1B2FEBFFE1D" author="Arnold, G." box="[128,276,408,432]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" pagination="1 - 159" part="14" refString="Arnold, G. (1915). A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part I. Ponerinae; Dorylinae. Annals of the South African Museum, 14: 1 - 159." title="A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part I. Ponerinae; Dorylinae" type="journal article" year="1915">Arnold, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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: 61(w);
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<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FEF6E1B2FF03FE7E" ID-CoL="4BQV4" authority="Arnold, 1926: 201" authorityName="Arnold" authorityPageNumber="201" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FEF6E1B2FDCCFE1D" box="[368,615,408,432]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">Pachycondyla granosa</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF68FF95FDF1E1B2FCA0FE1D" author="Arnold, G." box="[631,779,408,432]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" pagination="191 - 295" part="23" refString="Arnold, G. (1926). A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Appendix. Annals of the South African Museum, 23: 191 - 295." title="A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Appendix" type="journal article" year="1926">Arnold, 1926</bibRefCitation>
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: 201
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</taxonomicName>
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(m); Brown, in
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<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF68FF95FED3E191FE4FFE7F" author="Bolton, B." box="[341,484,442,467]" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, USA" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" pagination="504" refString="Bolton, B. (1995). A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World (pp 504) Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, USA." title="A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World (pp" type="book chapter" year="1995">Bolton, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 305; Bolton, 2013.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF68FF95FF4AE1F7FD65FC76" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF68FF95FF4AE1F7FD65FC76" blockId="13.[128,783,234,1992]" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FF4AE1F7FEE8FE58" bold="true" box="[204,323,477,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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The head of the worker is large and subquadrate. The mandibles are covered with hairs and partially by fine weakly defined striae and scattered coarse punctures. The anterior medial margin of the clypeus is “v” shaped with a raised sharp medial longitudinal carina. The scape reaches the posterior lateral corner of the head. The lower margin of the pronotum is straight with a strongly rounded angle at the anteroinferior pronotal process (lateral view), rounded inferior pronotal process and sometimes forming a sharp angle that is pointed posteroventrally. The petiole (dorsal view) is rounded and slightly narrowed anteriorly while it has a slight concavity on the upper medial margin between the two posterior angles of the petiolar apex. The posterior edge of the petiole is vertical (side or top view) and slightly concave (dorsal view). The sternopetiolar process is developed with a single tooth pointed ventrally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF68FF95FF4AE3CFFBFEF9AB" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" type="description">
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<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF68FF95FF4AE3CFFACAFA33" blockId="13.[128,783,234,1992]" lastBlockId="13.[828,1482,1379,1993]" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FF4AE3CFFE16FC50" bold="true" box="[204,445,997,1021]" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">Worker Description:</emphasis>
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(n= 20), HL 2.90 - 3.10, HW 2.40 - 2.75, ML 1.40 - 1.75, EW 0.30 - 0.40, EL 0.40 - 0.50, SL 1.90 - 2.35, FL 2.90 - 3.50, WL 3.90 - 4.45, WPL 4.80 - 5.40, PL 1.20 - 1.30, PW 1.40 - 1.60, PH 1.50 - 1.80, CI 83 - 89, OI 17 - 18.18, MandI 48.27 - 56.45, SI 79.16 - 85.45, PetI 117 – 123. Total length 13.75 - 14.50 mm; mandibles with 7 teeth; clypeal length 1.70 - 2.35 mm; malar space length from lower edge of eye to base of mandible 0.40 - 0.65 mm; from upper edge of eye to edge of posterior lobe 1.35 - 1.70 mm; frontal lobe width 0.90 - 1.15 mm; metapleuron rough and weakly punctate; head covered with small dense punctures; sides of head covered with fine striae; dorsum of pronotum, mesonotum, mesopleuron, lateropropodeum and propodeum moderately punctate, moderately shiny; metapleuron rough, weakly punctate; petiole covered with deeper sparse punctures and foveolae than postpetiole; postpetiole covered with shallow sparse punctures, foveolate, with weakly defined fine striae; dorsum of second gastral segment covered with shallow foveolae and striae; remaining gastral segments shiny; lower margin of pronotum straight with strong angle at anteroinferior pronotal process, rounded inferior pronotal process; antennae, legs, lower edge of frontal lobes, mandibles shiny; entire surface of
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<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FF18E6CBFEBAF955" box="[158,273,1761,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FF18E6CBFEBAF955" box="[158,273,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. granosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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worker covered with fine short (up to 0.15 mm) silver hairs, denser on second - seventh gastral segments (up to 0.20 mm); entire surface covered with scattered erect golden hairs, including mandibles, scapes; head, pronotum, mesonotum; propodeum covered with short erect golden hairs (0.10 - 0.15 mm); dorsum of petiole covered with short erect golden hairs (0.15 mm); postpetiole, entire gaster covered with longer erect
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<subSection id="F12DF381FF68FF95FCBAE549FACAFA33" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" type="multiple">golden hairs (0.15 - 0.20 mm); hairs on sternum of postpetiole, hairs on other gastral segments reach about 0.30 mm.</subSection>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="CCDDBAE2FF68FF95FCBAE4D5FBFDFA9F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269921/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" targetBox="[828,1481,128,1253]" targetPageId="13">
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<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF68FF95FCBAE4D5FBFDFA9F" blockId="13.[828,1483,1279,1330]" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FCBAE4D5FC2EFAB9" bold="true" box="[828,901,1279,1300]" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">Plate 5</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FC10E4D5FBDEFAB9" box="[918,1141,1279,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FC10E4D5FBDEFAB9" box="[918,1141,1279,1300]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">Bothroponera granosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, worker. (From www.antweb.org. Accessed 23 February 2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF68FF95FC01E583FBFEF9AB" blockId="13.[828,1482,1379,1993]" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">Head, pronotum, mesonotum, mesopleuron, propodeum, petiole, postpetiole, entire gaster black; legs, antennae, clypeus, mandibles brownish black.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF68FF96FC01E63BFED0FCA6" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="552" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF68FF95FC01E63BFA62F864" blockId="13.[828,1482,1379,1993]" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FC01E63BFBB1F984" bold="true" box="[903,1050,1553,1577]" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">Comparison:</emphasis>
|
||
The worker of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FB6CE638FAC2F984" box="[1258,1385,1554,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FB6CE638FAC2F984" box="[1258,1385,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. granosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be recognized by the anterior medial raised area of the clypeus (“v” shaped anterior border) that forms a sharp longitudinal carina, which differs from most of the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FAC6E650FA62F93C" box="[1344,1481,1658,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FAC6E650FA62F93C" box="[1344,1481,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex members (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FB26E6B6FAA3F91E" box="[1184,1288,1692,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FB26E6B6FAA3F91E" box="[1184,1288,1692,1715]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. cariosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FAB1E6B6FA11F919" box="[1335,1466,1692,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FAB1E6B6FA11F919" box="[1335,1466,1692,1716]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The anterior medial area of the clypeus is also “v” shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FA35E695FC01F954" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FA35E695FC01F954" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. cavernosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FC30E6C8FBEEF954" box="[950,1093,1762,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FC30E6C8FBEEF954" box="[950,1093,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. montivaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FBD7E6C8FB13F954" box="[1105,1208,1762,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FBD7E6C8FB13F954" box="[1105,1208,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FB6DE6C8FA30F954" box="[1259,1435,1761,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umgodikulula">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FB6DE6C8FA30F954" box="[1259,1435,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. umgodikulula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but without a carina in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FB8AE72EFBD8F8B6" box="[1036,1139,1796,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FB8AE72EFBD8F8B6" box="[1036,1139,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FB21E72EFAF2F8B1" box="[1191,1369,1796,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umgodikulula">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FB21E72EFAF2F8B1" box="[1191,1369,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. umgodikulula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while it is partially carinate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FB89E70DFB32F893" box="[1039,1177,1831,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FB89E70DFB32F893" box="[1039,1177,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. cavernosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FB4CE70DFAF3F893" box="[1226,1368,1831,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FB4CE70DFAF3F893" box="[1226,1368,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. montivaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The other species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FB83E760FBDEF8CC" box="[1029,1141,1866,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FB83E760FBDEF8CC" box="[1029,1141,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. cariosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FB02E760FAA4F8CC" box="[1156,1295,1865,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FB02E760FAA4F8CC" box="[1156,1295,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FA98E760FA08F8CC" box="[1310,1443,1866,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FA98E760FA08F8CC" box="[1310,1443,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FA35E760FC06F829" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FA35E760FC06F829" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. laevissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FC61E746FBDBF829" box="[999,1136,1900,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berthoudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FC61E746FBDBF829" box="[999,1136,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. berthoudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have an anterior medial raised area of the clypeus with a “u” shaped anterior border, however
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FCBAE798FC02F864" box="[828,937,1970,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FCBAE798FC02F864" box="[828,937,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. cariosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF68FF95FC5AE798FBCFF864" box="[988,1124,1969,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FC5AE798FBCFF864" box="[988,1124,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B. strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a sharp carinae similar to
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF68FF95FA35E798FA62F864" box="[1459,1481,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="551">B.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF6BFF96FFECE0AEFED0FCA6" blockId="14.[106,760,131,779]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FFECE0AEFF16FF36" box="[106,189,132,155]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FFECE0AEFF16FF36" box="[106,189,132,155]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">granosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FEDCE0AEFE6CFF36" box="[346,455,132,155]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FEDCE0AEFE6CFF36" box="[346,455,132,155]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. granosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more likely to be rough with moderately scattered punctures than that of the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FDFDE08CFD53FF10" box="[635,760,166,189]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FDFDE08CFD53FF10" box="[635,760,166,189]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex taxa, which are always coarsely foveolate except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FF15E0C6FF52FEAE" box="[147,249,236,259]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FF15E0C6FF52FEAE" box="[147,249,236,259]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FEB3E0C6FE6BFEAE" box="[309,448,235,259]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FEB3E0C6FE6BFEAE" box="[309,448,235,259]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. laevissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are shiny black with punctate sculpture. The petiolar shape of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FD9BE124FD24FE88" box="[541,655,270,293]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FD9BE124FD24FE88" box="[541,655,270,293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. granosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FF5BE11BFEF7FEE5" box="[221,348,305,328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FF5BE11BFEF7FEE5" box="[221,348,305,328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex individuals even if the petiolar indices seem not to be separable. The petiole is rounded and slightly narrowed anteriorly (dorsal view) in all species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FF17E1B3FEBBFE1D" box="[145,272,409,432]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FF17E1B3FEBBFE1D" box="[145,272,409,432]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FDB6E1B3FD09FE1D" box="[560,674,409,432]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FDB6E1B3FD09FE1D" box="[560,674,409,432]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. granosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the posterior face is deeply depressed from the upper edge to form two rounded apices found only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FE5EE1F4FDE0FE58" box="[472,587,478,501]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FE5EE1F4FDE0FE58" box="[472,587,478,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. granosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(best seen from above). The petiolar indices vary among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FDAAE22BFD02FDB5" box="[556,681,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FDAAE22BFD02FDB5" box="[556,681,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex members in that the smallest PetI recorded were for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FD67E20EFF04FDF0" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FD67E20EFF04FDF0" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(104.54 - 118.18), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FE1CE26CFDB3FDF3" box="[410,536,582,606]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berthoudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FE1CE26CFDB3FDF3" box="[410,536,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. berthoudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(105.55), whereas the largest PetI registered was for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FE24E243FD81FD2D" box="[418,554,617,640]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FE24E243FD81FD2D" box="[418,554,617,640]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. montivaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(130.00). The other species have intermediate PetI,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FE28E2A6FDFCFD0E" box="[430,599,651,675]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umgodikulula">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FE28E2A6FDFCFD0E" box="[430,599,651,675]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. umgodikulula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(115 - 126),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FD67E2A6FF16FD68" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FD67E2A6FF16FD68" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. granosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(117 - 123),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FEBDE284FE11FD6B" box="[315,442,686,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FEBDE284FE11FD6B" box="[315,442,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(117.39),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FDA6E284FD0EFD6B" box="[544,677,686,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FDA6E284FD0EFD6B" box="[544,677,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. laevissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(118.18 - 121.05),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FF54E2FBFEE4FD45" box="[210,335,721,744]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FF54E2FBFEE4FD45" box="[210,335,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(120.00 - 125.00),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FD94E2FBFDD2FD45" box="[530,633,721,744]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FD94E2FBFDD2FD45" box="[530,633,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. cariosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(104 - 116), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FF12E2DEFEB3FCA6" box="[148,280,756,779]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FF12E2DEFEB3FCA6" box="[148,280,756,779]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. cavernosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(126.08).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF6BFF96FFECE304FDBCF87B" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<subSection id="F12DF381FF6BFF96FFECE304FEE9FCEB" box="[106,322,814,838]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF6BFF96FFECE304FEE9FCEB" blockId="14.[106,322,814,838]" box="[106,322,814,838]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<heading id="C3555D06FF6BFF96FFECE304FEE9FCEB" bold="true" box="[106,322,814,838]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FFECE304FEE9FCEB" bold="true" box="[106,322,814,838]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF6BFF96FF33E343FD68FA63" blockId="14.[106,761,872,2006]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FF33E343FECAFC2D" bold="true" box="[181,353,872,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">Type material:</emphasis>
|
||
The types were not found, therefore, we used specimens determined by Forel and Bolton to define this species.
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FF72E387FE69FC6B" bold="true" box="[244,450,941,966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">SOUTH AFRICA</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FE57E384FD5AFC6B" bold="true" box="[465,753,942,966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">KwaZulu-Natal Province</emphasis>
|
||
, Natal, Broughton, (farm) 29°26’0’’ S; 30°27’0’’ E, Wm. M. Wheeler collection,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FECDE3D9FF00FB83" authority="Roger" authorityName="Roger" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa" subGenus="Bothroponera">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FECDE3D9FE49FBA6" box="[331,482,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">Pachycondyla</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FE70E3D9FD27FBA6" box="[502,652,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">Bothroponera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FD26E3DEFD5CFBA6" box="[672,759,1012,1035]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">granosa</emphasis>
|
||
Roger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1 worker, AMNH, one worker specimen from MfN determined by Forel in 1922.
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FE42E412FD3DFBFD" bold="true" box="[452,662,1080,1104]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">SOUTH AFRICA</emphasis>
|
||
: George [cgcorge kocysica Browns],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FE2BE471FEFBFB3B" authority="Roger, Forel" authorityName="Roger, Forel" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa" subGenus="Bothroponera">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FE2BE471FDEFFBDE" box="[429,580,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">Pachycondyla</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FDDFE471FD44FBDE" box="[601,751,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">Bothroponera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FFECE454FF6AFB38" box="[106,193,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">granosa</emphasis>
|
||
Roger, Forel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
det. 1922, Zool. Mus. Berlin (1w MfN and two specimens from LACM that were determined by Bolton in 1977).
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FEA5E4E9FD9AFB76" bold="true" box="[291,561,1219,1243]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">Eastern Cape Province,</emphasis>
|
||
Highland Rd., W. Grahamstown grassy grove, 33°18’0’’ S; 26°32’0’’ E, 22- x-1966, F. Jacot-Guillarmod, collection of W. S. Creighton purchased by LACM 1974 (2 workers # 315919 LACM). One specimen (1 worker # 315920) from the Los Angeles County Museum determined by Forel with no further information. This specimen was in collection of W. S. Creighton, but was purchased by the Los Angeles County Museum in 1974.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF6BFF96FF33E5F3FDBCF87B" blockId="14.[106,761,872,2006]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FF33E5F3FF66F9BE" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">Non-type material: SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape Province</emphasis>
|
||
, Highlands Rd. W., Grahamstown grassy grove, 33°18’0’’ S; 26°32’0’’ E, F. Jacot Guillarmod (3w MCZC, 1w CWEM),
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FF55E66AFECBF9F5" bold="true" box="[211,352,1600,1624]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">Coldsprings,</emphasis>
|
||
Grahamstown, under stone, 33°18’0’’ S; 26°32’0’’ E, 9-viii-1964, C. Jacot-Guillarmod (1w MCZC), Near Highlands farm SW of Grahamstown C. P., 33°18’0’’ S; 26°32’0’’ E, 22-x-1966, L. H. Weatherill, ANIC Ants Vial 14.164, Ent. 315917, 315918 (4w LACM), 27 km NW of Cathcart, 32°18’0’’ S; 27°8’0’’ E, N. G. Robertson, 16-ix- 1985, C46, h. rock (2w BMNH);
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FE50E73BFD5AF885" bold="true" box="[470,753,1808,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">KwaZulu-Natal Province</emphasis>
|
||
, Estcourt Natal, 29°0’0’’ S; 29°53’0’’ E (R.C.W.) 1914, G. Arnold, Arnold coll. B. M. 1934-354,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FE7FE77CFF01F83C" authority="Roger" authorityName="Roger" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FE7FE77CFD5CF8C0" box="[505,759,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">Pachycondyla pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
Roger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
det. B. Bolton 1977 (1w # 315925 LACM).
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FD32E753FD5AF83C" bold="true" box="[692,753,1913,1937]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">Natal</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FFECE7B1FF50F81E" bold="true" box="[106,251,1947,1971]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">Drakensberg</emphasis>
|
||
, 29°0’0’’ S; 29°0’0’’ E, 2200m, 1983, C. Peeters, Giant’s Castle DRA (P) io (3w, BMNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF6BFF96FCF7E0A9FAB4FEC6" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF6BFF96FCF7E0A9FAB4FEC6" blockId="14.[805,1459,131,1334]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FCF7E0A9FBAEFF36" bold="true" box="[881,1029,131,155]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Most of the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FA9BE0A9FCD7FF10" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FA9BE0A9FCD7FF10" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">Bothroponera granosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected from South Africa, including the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces. They were also collected from the Cape of Good Hope (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF6BFF96FB5DE0C1FACEFEAE" author="Roger, J." box="[1243,1381,235,259]" journalOrPublisher="Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" pagination="278 - 312" part="4" refString="Roger, J. (1860). Die Ponera-artigen Ameisen. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4: 278 - 312." title="Die Ponera-artigen Ameisen" type="journal article" year="1860">Roger, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Natal area (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF6BFF96FCE7E124FC4BFE8B" author="Forel, A." box="[865,992,270,294]" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" pagination="325 - 353" part="9" refString="Forel, A. (1901). Nouvelles especes de Ponerinae. (Avec un nouveau sous-genre et une espece nouvelle d'Eciton). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 9: 325 - 353." title="Nouvelles especes de Ponerinae. (Avec un nouveau sous-genre et une espece nouvelle d'Eciton)" type="journal article" year="1901">Forel, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and from Cape Knysna and Cape Majuba Nek areas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF6BFF96FC23E11AFB96FEE5" author="Arnold, G." box="[933,1085,304,328]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" pagination="191 - 295" part="23" refString="Arnold, G. (1926). A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Appendix. Annals of the South African Museum, 23: 191 - 295." title="A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Appendix" type="journal article" year="1926">Arnold, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Some specimens were collected from Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF6BFF96FBF9E179FAB8FEC6" author="Arnold, G." box="[1151,1299,339,363]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" pagination="191 - 295" part="23" refString="Arnold, G. (1926). A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Appendix. Annals of the South African Museum, 23: 191 - 295." title="A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Appendix" type="journal article" year="1926">Arnold, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF6BFF96FCF7E15FFB4FFDF0" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF6BFF96FCF7E15FFB4FFDF0" blockId="14.[805,1459,131,1334]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FCF7E15FFBF0FE20" bold="true" box="[881,1115,373,398]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">Biology and habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FBE4E15CFAFCFE20" box="[1122,1367,374,398]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FBE4E15CFAFCFE20" box="[1122,1367,374,398]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">Bothroponera granosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits the grassy grove areas of West Grahamstown in South Africa, under stones. It can also be found in rocky habitats such as the area north west of Cathcart City in South Africa (label information). The three specimens from Natal, Drakensberg and that from KwaZulu-Natal Province, Estcourt Natal, South Africa were misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FBDFE26CFB76FDF0" box="[1113,1245,582,605]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FBDFE26CFB76FDF0" box="[1113,1245,582,605]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF6BFF96FCF7E242FB48FA9B" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF6BFF96FCF7E242FB76FC50" blockId="14.[805,1459,131,1334]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF6BFF96FCF7E242FBA1FD2D" author="Arnold, G." box="[881,1034,616,640]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" pagination="191 - 295" part="23" refString="Arnold, G. (1926). A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Appendix. Annals of the South African Museum, 23: 191 - 295." title="A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Appendix" type="journal article" year="1926">Arnold (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FB1BE243FABAFD2D" box="[1181,1297,617,640]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FB1BE243FABAFD2D" box="[1181,1297,617,640]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. granosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also taken at Victoria Falls located on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia, which is far from the South Africa collection sites. The habitat at Victoria Falls is similar to that at the town of Knysna which has the Knysnarivier Stream (River) and the areas are covered with deciduous forests. The stream is connected with the Indian Ocean at the extreme southern shores of South Africa. The material examined was collected from a grassy grove and farmland habitats (information from labels and Google Earth Maps). One specimen was collected from Cape Province, South Africa by F. Jacot-Guillarmod, misidentified in the MCZC as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FBEFE3CCFB7DFC50" box="[1129,1238,998,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FBEFE3CCFB7DFC50" box="[1129,1238,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. cariosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF6BFF96FCF7E422FB48FA9B" blockId="14.[805,1459,131,1334]" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">
|
||
The Western Province, KwaZulu-Natal Province and Eastern Province include several other species that belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FCEAE464FC45FBC8" box="[876,1006,1102,1125]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FCEAE464FC45FBC8" box="[876,1006,1102,1125]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FB35E464FA95FBC8" box="[1203,1342,1102,1125]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FB35E464FA95FBC8" box="[1203,1342,1102,1125]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. montivaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FAC8E464FA19FBC8" box="[1358,1458,1102,1125]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FAC8E464FA19FBC8" box="[1358,1458,1102,1125]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FCD1E45BFC4DFB25" box="[855,998,1136,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FCD1E45BFC4DFB25" box="[855,998,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. laevissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in the Western Cape Province,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FA1AE45BFC1AFB06" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umgodikulula">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FA1AE45BFC1AFB06" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. umgodikulula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FC3AE4BEFB88FB06" box="[956,1059,1172,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FC3AE4BEFB88FB06" box="[956,1059,1172,1195]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. cariosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FBA8E4BEFB37FB06" box="[1070,1180,1172,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FBA8E4BEFB37FB06" box="[1070,1180,1172,1195]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. granosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FB21E4BEFA81FB06" box="[1191,1322,1172,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FB21E4BEFA81FB06" box="[1191,1322,1172,1195]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. cavernosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FAB3E4BEFA19FB06" box="[1333,1458,1171,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berthoudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FAB3E4BEFA19FB06" box="[1333,1458,1171,1195]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. berthoudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FCD6E49CFC65FB60" box="[848,974,1206,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FCD6E49CFC65FB60" box="[848,974,1206,1229]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in Eastern Cape Province.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF6BFF96FAA5E49CFCD2FB5D" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF6BFF96FAA5E49CFCD2FB5D" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="552">Bothroponera granosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also collected from Knysna, Western Cape Province and Majuba Nek, Eastern Cape Province (2 workers and one male) as material examined (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF6BFF96FBCCE534FB7CFA9B" author="Arnold, G." box="[1098,1239,1310,1334]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="552" pagination="191 - 295" part="23" refString="Arnold, G. (1926). A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Appendix. Annals of the South African Museum, 23: 191 - 295." title="A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Appendix" type="journal article" year="1926">Arnold, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |